Saturday, June 22, 2002 / 9:25pm Reprinted: 12/8/2006 8:48:29 AM

June 28, 2002/Friday

FOUNDATION ENGINEERING

Design of Square Spread Footing

Example:

Design a square spread footing to carry a column dead load of 876.26 kN and a live load of 711.68 kN from a
400 mm square tied column containing 36mm bars as the principal column steel. The allowable soil pressure
is 215.47 kN/m2. Consider there is a 600 mm overburden weighing 16 kN/m3. Use ’c = 20.7 MPa, y = 276
MPa , and the strength method of the ACI CODE.

Given:
DL = 876.26 kN Overburden : t = 600 mm @ 16 kN / m3
LL = 711.68 kN  c = 20.7 MPa
COL = 400 mm 2  y = 276 MPa
Allow. Soil Pressure = 215.47 kPa

Required : Design of square spread footing. Use strength method of the ACI Code.

Solution :

1) Estimate the footing weight and determine the plan of the footing.

Assume depth of footing = 600 mm = 0.60 m

Wt of footing =
24kN
3
(0.60m) = 14.40 kN2
m m
Wt of overburden =
16kN
3
(0.60m) = 9.60 kN2
m m
Net Allow. Soil Pressure that must carry the Column load is,

Pnet = 215.47 − 14.40 − 9.60 = 191.47 kPa

DL + LL  876 + 711.68 
Re qd .FtgA = = 
Pnet  191.47 

= 8.29 m2
L = 8.29  2.90m

Try 2.90 x 2.90 , A = 8.41 m2

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 Compute design load , Pu by applying factors to column load.

Pu = 1.4 DL + 1.7 LL
= 1.4 (876.26) + 1.7 (711.68) = 2436.62 kN

2436.62 kN
qu(net) = = 289.73 kPa
8.41 m 2

2) Determine depth based on shear ( inclined cracking ) strength.

❑ For two-way action , assuming a footing Depth = 600 mm

Critical Section

d/2
400 + d
2900 400
d/2

2436.62 kN Ø25mm bars (Assumed)

d/2 d/2

t=600 d
(Assumed) 75
289.73

Assume  25 mm diameter for footing reinforcement

• Average d = 600 - 75 ( cover ) - 25 ( bar dia. )  500 mm

kN
• Vu = qu(net ) ( Area ) = 289.73 2.90(2.90) − 0.90(0.90) = 2202 kN
m2

Check code ( ACI – 11.12.2.1 ) for a four-sided critical section,

Long Side Of Col. 400

c = = = 1 2
Short Side Of Col. 400
b
 20
d

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 bo = (Side of Column + d) (4)

b ο (400 + 500)4
= = 7.2  20 OK
d 500

1 1  1 
Vc = f c bο d = 20.7 (4(400 + 500) )(500)  = 2729.84kN
3 3  1000 

Vc = 0.85 ( 2729.84) = 2320.36 kN  Vu = 2202kN OK

NO SHEAR REINFORCEMENT IS REQ’D

❑ For One-way Action

2900

2900/2 = 1450mm

2900/2 – 200 – 500 = 750

200 d = 500

Vu = qu(NET) ( AREA SHADED )

kN
= 289.73 ( 2.90 M )( 0.75 M ) = 630.16 kN
M2

CHECK ACI CODE , ACI – 11.12.11  11.3.1.1

1 1 1
Vc = f ' cbw d = 20.70 (2900) (500) = 1100kN
6 6 1000
Vc = 0.85 (1100) = 935 kN  V = 630.16kN 

NO SHEAR REINFORCEMENT REQ’D

ASSUMED DEPTH = 600 MM IS SATISFACTORY FOR SHEAR

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3) Check transfer of load at the base of the column

Compressive design strength ØPn

(
 =  0.85  ' c Ag )  = 0.70

 N 
= 0.70 (0.85) 20.70 2 
(400)(400)mm 2  1kN 
 mm   1000 
= 1971 kN


   = 2436.62kN  NO GOOD (NG)

Thus, the column load cannot be transferred by bearing alone. A dowel shall be used to carry the excess
load.

Min. ‘ Reinf. Across Interface’ req’d by ACI – 15.8.2.1

Min. Req’d As = 0.005 Ag

= 0.005 (400)(400) =800mm2

EXCESS LOAD TO BE CARRIED BY THE DOWELS , NEGLECTING THE DISPLACED CONCRETE EFFECT:

EXCESS P = 2436.62 – 1971 = 465.62 kN

EXCESS P 465.62kN (1000)

REQ’D AS = =
 fy  N 
0.70 276 
 MM 2 
= 2410 MM2

DISPLACED CONCRETE EFFECT COMPENSATED ; ( MORE CORRECT APPROACH )

EXCESSP
REQ’D As =
 ( fy − 0.85 fc)
465.62(1000)
= = 2574MM 2
0.70276 − 0.85(20.70)

USING BARS AS DOWEL :

A28 = 615.75 MM2

2574
NO = = 4 pcs
615.75

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 USE 4 -  28 MM BARS AS DOWELS, AS = 2463 MM2

DEV’T LENGTH , d AS PER ACI CODE , ACI – 12.3 FOR COMPRESSION

REINFORCEMENT :

fy
Ldb = 0.24 d b
f 'c
 N 
 276 
 MM 2 
= 0.24
N
20.7
MM 2
Ldb = 410 MM ( CONTROLS )

BUT NOT LESS THAN

Ldb = 0.044 d b fy
= 0.044 (28)(276) = 340MM
 Ld = Ldb = L2

L2 L1

DOWEL ANCHORAGE

L1 = 600 − 75(COVER ) − 2(25)(FootingBar s ) − 28(DOWELS )

= 447 MM say 450 mm

HOOK / BEND = 12d b = 12(28) = 336  340MM

4) DESIGN FOR BENDING MOMENT STRENGTH

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 Net upward pressure = 289.73 kPa

2900

CRITICAL SECTION FOR BENDING

BENDING MOMENT AND DEV’T OF REINF.

❑ THE CRITICAL SECTION FOR MOMENT IS AT THE FACE OF THE COL.

kN
M u = 289 73
2
(1.25)(2.90M ) 1   1.25M
M 2
= 656kN − M
M 656kN − M kN
REQ’D R = = = 1005 2
bd 0.90(2.90M )(0.50M )
2 2
M
1 2mRn 
DET. REINF. RATIO ,  = 1 − 1 − 
m  fy 
fy 276
m= = = 15.69
0.85 f ' c 0.85(20.70)
  k  
 2(15.69)1005 2  
1   M  
=  1− 1− 
15.69  N 1kN
276  10 6 2  
 M 1000 N 
 
=
1
15.69
( )
1 − 0.885 = 0.0036

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 2
Re q ' dAs = bd = 0.0036(2.9 )(1000)(500) = 5220MM
 h 
Min Re q ' dAS = 0.002bd = 0.002(2.9 )(1000) 
 1.05 

( ACI − 10.5.4) = 0.002(2.9)(1000) 600  = 3314MM 2

 1.05 

Try Ø20mm bar:

d = 600 − 75 − 20 = 505MM, A 20 = 314.16MM 2

5220
No.OfBars = = 17pcs
314.16
A s = 314.16(17 ) = 5341MM 2

Check moment strength:

 a  a
M  = T  d −  = C  d − 
 2  2
 N 
C = 0.85 c ab = 0.85 20.7 (2.9 )(1000)(a )
 MM 2 
= 51025.50(a )
 N 
T = As fy = 5341MM 2  276  = 1474116N
 MM 2 
C =T
51025.50(a ) = 1474116
(a ) = 28.89MM

 28.89  1 
M n = 0.90(1474116N )505 −  
 2  1000 2 
= 650.82kN − M 656kN − M ( NG )

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 2
INCREASE As : TRY 19 −  20, As = 314.16(19) = 5969MM
C = 51025.50(a )
T = 5969(276) = 1647444
C = T ; a = 32.29
 32.29  1 
M  = 0.90(1647444)505 −  
 2  1000 2 
= 725  656kN − M (OK )
(
USE 19 −  20MM BARS As = 5969MM 2 EACH WAY )

5) DEVELOPMENT OF REINFORCEMENT

USING THE GENERAL EQN. :

Ld 15 fy 
=
d b 16 f ' c C + k tr
db
2900 − 75(2)
SPACING OF BARS = = 145mm O.C.
19 pcs

‘C’ IS THE SMALLER OF THE FF.:

a) The smallest of the side cover, cover over the bar or wire ( in both cases measured to the
center of the bar or wire )
b) One-half the center-to-center spacing of bars being developed.

Atr f yt
k tr =
260sn

Thus,
20
a) Bottom and side cover = 40 (i.e., clear ) + ( i.e., bar radius )
2
= 50 MM
145 2
= 72.50
b) 2

 C = 50MM

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 k tr = 0
There are no stirrups ; thus
 C + k tr 50 + 0 
 = = 2.5  2.5
 db 20 
(C + k tr )
Thus, = 2.5
db
Evaluate ACI Formula ( 12-1 )

Ld 15 fy 
= db
d b 16 f 'c db
15 (276)  (20) (1)(1)(0.8)(1) (20)
Ld = = 56.87
16 20.7 2.5 2 .5
= 364MM

ACTUAL EMBEDMENT PROVIDED :

STEEL PROTECTIVE COVER AT THE SIDE = 75mm

ACTUAL EMBEDMENT = 1.25(1000) – 75 = 1175mm>364 OK

6) DESIGN SKETCH
19-Ø19mm
each way

2.90

2.90

19-Ø19mm 75mm
each way clear cover
410 450
75mm
clear cover 600
2900

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 Design a square reinforced concrete footing to support a 450 MM square tied concrete column with
the following data:

DESIGN DATA: Service DL = 1000.80 kN, Service LL = 778.40 kN, Allow. Soil Pressure = 240 kPa;
f’c for the Col = 27.58 MPa; f’c for footing = 20.70 MPa, f y = 413.70 MPa, Longitudinal Col. Steel
consists of 25 MM bars. Weight of Earth = 16kN/M3

SOL’N.:

1) Assume Footing Thickness, t = 600MM

Wt. Of Footing = 24 kN/M3 (0.60) = 14040 kN/M3

9.60kN / M 2
Wt. Of Earth = 16 kN/M3 (1.20-0.60) =
24kPa
 The effective Allow./ Net Soil Pressure
= 240-24 = 216 kPa

P (1000.80 + 778.40)
REQ ' D A = = = 8.24 2
S 216
L = W = 8.24 = 2.87 M
(
Say 2.90M . A = 2.90 2 = 8.41M 2 )
2) FACTORED SOIL PRESSURE

P = 1.4(1000.80) + 1.7(778.40) = 2724.40kN

Pu 2724.40
q = = = 323.95kPa
Furnished A 8.41
3) Thickness by Shear Strength Requirements.
Assume : 25 MM Main Bars, 75 MM Cover

d = 600 − 75 − 65 = 500

FOR TWO-ACTION

d
B = 450 + (2) = 450 + d = 450 + 500 = 950
2
The Total Factored Shear acting on the Critical Section is;
V = q  (W 2 − B 2 )

= 323.95
kN
M2
 
2.9 2 − 0.95 2 = 2432kN
The Shear Strength of the Concrete is;

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 1 2 
Vc = 1 +  f ' c b d
6  c 
1
But must not exceed f ' c b d , since  c = 1 , the Maximum Shear Strength will be:
3
1
Vc = f ' c b d
3
b = 4b = 4(950) = 3800, d = 500
1
20.70 (500)(3800)
Vc = 3 = 2881.5kN
1000

V = Vc = 0.85(2881.50) = 2449.28kN  V = 2432kN  OK

( NO SHEAR REINFORCEMENT NEEDED )

V  V

FOR ONE-WAY ACTION

kN
V = q  (2.9)(0.725) = 323.95 (2.9)(0.725) = 681.10kN
M2
The Shear Strength of the Concrete is ;
1
Vc = f ' c bw d
6
1
= 20.70 (2900)(500)(1 / 1000) = 1099.52kN
6
V = Vc = 0.85(1099.52) = 934.59kN

 V = 681.10kN 
NO SHEAR REINFORCED IS NEEDED.

V   V
Therefore, the 600MM Assumed Thickness is satisfactory.

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 3) DESIGN OF REINFORCEMENT

FOOTING MOMENT ANALYSIS:

M  = q  (2.9)(1.225)(1.225 / 2 )

= 323.95
kN
2
(2.9M )(1.225M ) 1.225 M  = 704.88kN − M
M  2 
M
Re q' d R N = R N = COEF. OF RESISTANCE
 bd 2
704.88kN (1000) MM − N
2
N
Re q' d R N = = 1.08 = 1.08MPa
0.90(2900)MM (500) MM
2 2
MM 2

DETERMINE REINFORCEMENT RATIO :

1 2m Rn 
 = 1 − 1 − 
m fy 
fy 413.70
m= = = 23.51
0.85 f ' c 0.85(20.70)
2(23.51)(1.08) 
=
1 
1 − 1 −
23.51  413.70
=
1
(
 23.51 1 − 1 − 0.12 = 0.0027 )

Re q' d As bd = 0.0027(2900)(500) = 3909.24MM 2
Min. Re q' d As = 0.002 For Grade 40 or 50
ACI 7.12 As = 0.0018 bt
Where t = Thickness of Footing
 MIN . REQ' D As = 0.0018(2900)(600) = 3132MM 2
U sin g  25MM Bars : d = 500MM (A 25 = 490.87 MM 2 )
3909.24
No. of Bars = = 7.9 say 8 bars
490.87
FURNISHED As = 3926.96MM 2

CHECK MOMENT STRENGTH

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  a  a
 M n =  T  d −  =  C d − 
 2  2
But, C = 0.85 f ' c ab = 0.85(20.70)(a )(2900) = 51025.50 a N
T = As fy = 3926.96(413.70) = 1624583.35 N
C =T
51025.50(a ) = 1624583
a = 31.84MM
 31.84  1 
  M  = 0.90(1624563.35) 500 −   = 707.79kN − M
 2  1000 2 
 704.88kN = M  OK
(
Use 8 −  25MM BARS As = 3926.9 MM 2 )
1.4
 MIN = = 0.00338   REQ Use  Min
413.70

ALTERNATIVE METHOD OF COMPUTING REINFORCEMENT

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 M  =  f ' c bd 2 w(1 − 0.59w)
704.88(1000) = 0.90(20.70)(2900)(500) w(1 − 0.59w)
2 2

0.0522 = w − 0.59 w 2
w 2 − 1.69w + 0.088 = 0
− (− 1.69)  (− 1.69)2 − 4(1)(0.088) 1.69  1.58
w= =
2(1) 2
w(+ ) = 1.635 w(− ) = 0.055
CHOOSE SMALLER VALUE
wf ' c 0.055(20.70)
= = = 0.00275
fy 413.70
1.4 1. 4
Check with  MIN = = = 0.00338  0.00275
fy 413.70
Use  =  MIN = 0.00338
As =  bd = 0.00338(2900)(500) = 4906.94MM 2
(
U sin g  25MM A25 = 490.87 MM 2 )
4906.94
No. = = 9.99 say 10 pcs −  25 bars
490.87
CHECK DEV ' T LENGTH ,
LARGER OF : Ab = 490.87
0.02 Ab fy 0.02(490.87 )(413.70)
Ld = = = 892.68MM
f 'c 20.70
Ld = 0.06 d b fy = 0.06(25)(413.70) = 620.55
Ld = 300MM
AVAILABLE Ld = 1225 − 75 = 1150  892.68 OK

6) CHECK BEARING STRENGTH AT THE BASE OF THE COLUMN

( OR LOAD TRANSFER )

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  =  (0.85 f ' c ) A g = (450) = 202500MM 2
2

=  (0.85  27.58)(202500) = 0.70(0.85  27.58)(202500)

= 3323 045.25 N = 3323kN
 = 2724.40kN    = 3323kN , Therefore the entire Column Load
can be transferred by Concrete alone.
However, provide Minimum Dowels Re q ' d by ACI − 15.8.2.1
As = 0.005 A g = 0.005(202500) = 1012.50MM 2
U sin g  16MM ( A16 = 201.06)
1012.50
No. = = 5.03 say 6 −  16 bars
201.06
COMPUTE DEV ' T LENGTH (FORCOMPRESSION )
f y
Ld = 0.24 d b
f 'c
0.24(16)(413.70)
Ld = = 302.50MM say 350MM both for the column
27.58
and footing .
7) DESIGN SKETCH (Draw here.)

ADDENDUM

Computation of ‘d’ w/o using assumed Thickness, t = 600

FOR TWO-WAY SHEAR

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 V    Vc =  V w  V  =  Vc +  V s
1 1 1
 Vc =  f ' c b d But  c = f 'c = 20.70 = 1.52 MPa
3 3 3
 Vc =  c b d
Let V  =  Vc
V  =   c b d
V
Vc = V = b = 4(0.45 + d )m
 b d
 = 85

SUBSTITUTE VALUES

N V
1.52 =
MM 2
0.85(4 )(0.45 + d ) d m 2 ( )
(
But V = q  w 2 − B 2 )
= 323.95
kN
M 2

2.9 − (0.45 + a )
2 2

( )
= 323.95 8.41 − 0.2025 − 0.90d − d 2
= 323.95(8.2075 − 0.90d − d )kN 2

N 323.95(8.2075 − 0.90d − d )(1000) N 2

1.52 =
MM 2 0.85(4 )(0.45 + d ) d (1000) MM 2
2

15.95(0.45 + d )d = 8.2075 − 0.90d − d 2

7.18d + 15.95d 2 = 8.2075 − 0.90d − d 2
16.95d 2 + 8.08d − 8.2075 = 0
d 2 + 0.48d − 0.48 = 0
− 0.48  (0.48)2 − (4)(1)(− 0.48) − 0.48  1.47
d= =
2(1) 2
d (+ ) = 0.495 say 0.50m d (− ) = 0.31 DISCARD
= 500MM

FOR ONE-WAY SHEAR

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 1
V  =  Vc =  f ' c bw d =   c bw d =  n
6
kN
V = q  (1.225 − d )(2.9 ) = 323.95 (1.225 − d )m (2.9m )
M2
= 939.46(1.225 − d )kN
1 1
c = f 'c = 20.70 = 0.76MPa
6 6
bw = 2.90m
V
 =
 bw d
N 939.46(1.225 − d )(1000) N
0.76 =
0.85(2.9 )(d )(1000) MM 2
2 2
MM
1.994d = 1.225 − d
d = 0.409m say 0.410m = 410mm
Choose d = 500MM as req' d by two − way shear

Therefore, the foregoing solution illustrates that the assumed 600 mm thick footing is satisfactory for Shear and
chosen economically.

DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR FOOTING

Design a rectangular spread footing to carry 1045.28 kN Dead Load and 511.52kN Live Load from a 450 MM
Square Tied Column that contains 28 MM bars. One dimension of the footing is limited to a maximum of 2.15
M. The Allowable Soil Pressure is263.36 kPa. Neglect the effect of overburden. Use f’c = 20.7 MPa, fy = 276
MPa and the Strength Method of ACI Code.

GIVEN:

DL = 1045.28 kN f’c = 20.7 MPa

LL = 511.52 kN f y = 276 MPa
COL. : 450  450 MM w/ 28 MM BARS
L or W = 2.15 M
qA = 263.36 kPa

REQ’D. : DESIGN

SOLN.
1. DET. PLAN OF FOOTING

ASSUME DEPTH = 600MM

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 kN
WT. OF FOOTING = 24 3
(0.60M ) = 14.40 kN2
M M
NET SOIL PRESSURE = 263.36 – 14.40 = 248.96 kPa

REQ' D A =
DL + LL
=
(1045.28 + 511.52)
NET SOIL PRESSURE 248.96
= 6.25M 2
DUE TO SPACE LIMITATION ,
6.25M 2
LENGTH = = 3.0M
2.15M
(
TRY 2.15m  3.0m A = 6.45M 2 )
2. DET. DEPTH REQ’D FOR SHEAR STRENGTH

P = 1.4 DL + 1.7 LL = 1.4(1045.28) + 1.7(511.52)

= 2333kN

NET UPWARD PRESSURE UNDER FACTORED LOAD CONDITION,

2333kN
qu (net ) = = 361.71kPa
6.45M 2

FOR ONE-WAY SHEAR

1  1
 Vc =  f ' c bw d = 0.85   20.7 ( 2.15 )(1000 )( d ) = 1386d
6 6
V = qu (net ) ( AREASHADE FOR ONE − WAY ACTION )
kN
= 36.71 ( 2.15 )(1.275 − d ) = 777.68 (1.275 − d )
Critical M2
section for
shear

450

900 2150

d 1275 - d

450 1275
3000

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  Vc = V 
1386(d ) = 777.68(1.275 − d )
1386(d ) = 991.542 − 777.68(d )
991.542
d= = 0.458m = 450mm
2163.68

TOTAL DEPTH = 450 + 75(COVER) + 25(ESTIMATED BAR DIA.)

= 550

CHECK DEPTH FOR TWO-WAY ACTION AS A SLAB

V = PNET ( AREA SUBJECT TO PUNCHING SHEAR )

b = COL.DIM . + d
= 450 + 450 = 900

kN
V = 361.71 2.15(3.0 − 0.90(0.90 )) M 2
M
= 2040 kN

3
c = = 1.39  2.0
2.15
b = 4(900 ) = 3600 MM
3600
b = = 8  20
450

1 1 1
 Vc = f ' c b d = 20.70 (3600 )(450 ) = 2456.85 kN
3 3 1000

 Vc = 0.85(2456.85) = 2088kN  V = 2040 kN OK 
ADOPT: 550 mm thickness

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 c) CHECK TRANSFER OF LOAD AT BASE OF COLUMN

 P =  (0.85 f ' c ) A g A g = GROSS AREAOF COL.

 1 
= 0.700.85(20.70)(450)(450)  = 2494kN
 1000 

 P  P = 2333kN OK 
ONLY THE MIN. DOWELS REQ’D BY ACI – 15.8.2.1 ARE NEEDED.

MIN . REQ ' D As = 0.005 Ag = 0.005(450)(450) = 1012.50MM 2

(
USING 20MM As = 314016MM 2 )
1012.50
#= = 3.2 say 4 pcs
314.16
(
USE 4 −  20 As = 1256.64MM 2 )
MIN. EMBEDMENT LENGTH, L1 REQ’D FOR BARS IN COMPRESSION,

0.24 fy d b
MIN L1 = Ldb =
f 'c
0.24(276)(20)
= = 290mm
20.70
AVAILABLE L1 = 50 − 75 − 2(20) − 20 = 415MM  290 OK

d) DESIGN FOR BENDING MOMENT STRENGTH

Assume bar diameter = 25 mm

IN THE LONG DIRECTION: d = 550 – 75 – 25 = 450 mm

Using trial moment arm method

Assume moment arm = 0.95d = 0.95 (470) = 446.50 mm

Mu 632.11(1000)2
Req’d As = = = 5699 mm 2
Øfy (arm) 0.90(276)(446.50)

Check:
C = 0.85f’cba = 0.85(20.70)(2150)(a) = 37829.25a
T = Asfy = 5699(276) = 1,572,924 kN
1572924
a = = 41.60 mm
37829.25

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Arm = d – a/2 = 470 – 41.60/2 = 449.20 say
 446.50  2
Revised required As = 5699   = 5664.75 mm
 449.20 
Using Ø25 (A25 = 490.87 mm2)
3690.82
No. = = 8 pcs (As = 3926.96 mm2)
490.87
 a
Check moment: ØMn = ØT  d −  T = 5664.75(276)(1/1000) = 1563.47 kN
 2
= 0.90(1563.47)(449.20)(1/1000) = 632 kN-m = [Mu = 632 kN-m]

USE 12 – Ø25 bars (As = 5890.44 mm2) along long direction

IN THE SHORT DIRECTION

Mu = 361.71 kN/m2 (0.85m) (0.85m2)(3.0m) = 392 kN-m

Using trial moment arm method

Assume arm = 0.95d = 0.956(437.50() = 415.63 mm

d = 550 – 75(concrete cover) – 25(assumed bar diameter) = 450 mm
Mu 392(1000)2
Required As = = = 3796.89 mm 2
fy (arm ) 0.90(276)(415.63)
Check:
C = 0.85f’c ba = 0.85(20.70)(3000)(a) = 52785a
T = Asfy = 3796.89 (276) = 1047941.64 kN
1047941.64
a= = 19.85 mm
52785
arm = d – a/2 = 450 – 19.85/2 = 440 mm
 415.63  2
revised required As = 3796.89   = 3586.60 mm Controls
 440 
Minimum reinforcement ACI-10.5.4 requires  = 0.002
Minimum required As = bd = (0.002)(3000)(550) = 3300 mm2
Using Ø25 (A25 = 490.87 mm2)
3690.82
No. = = 8 pcs (As = 3926.96 mm2)
490.87
 a
Check moment: ØMn = ØT  d −  T = 3926.96(276)(1/1000) = 1083.84 kN
 2
= 0.90(1083.84)(427.58)(1/1000) = 417 kN-m > [Mu = 392 kN-m]

USE 8 – Ø25 bars (As = 3926.96 mm2) along short direction

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BAND REINFORCEMENT

Reinforcement in bandwidth 2 2
= = = 0.84
Total reinforcement  +1 3 +1
2.15
 = is the ratio of the long side to the short side of the footing
Number of bars in the 2.15 meter band:
= 8(0.84) = 6.72 say 7 pcs
plus: 2 bars on each side of 2.15 meter band = 2(2) = 4
Total: 7 + 4 = 11 bars

USE 11 – Ø25 bars (As = 3926.96 mm2) along short direction This will be adopted for the
reinforcements along the short direction.

e) DEV’T OF REINF.

Ld 15 fy 
=
d b 16 f c  c + K tr 
 
 db 
For long direction,
3000 − 75(2)
Spacing of bars = = 259
11

f) DESIGN SKETCH

MASONRY FOOTING

Design a Reinforced Concrete Footing for a 300MM masonry wall carrying a146kN/M Dead Load including the
wall weight and 73kN/M Live Load. Use f’c = 20.70MPa. fy = 276MPa, Allowable Soil Pressure of 191.53kN/M2
and the Strength Method of the ACI Code.

GIVEN :

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 kN
WDL = 146 f y = 276MPa
M
kN
WLL = 73 q a = 191.53kPa
M
f ' c = 20.70MPa

REQ’D : DESIGN. USE STRENGTH METHOD OF THE ACI CODE

SOLN. :

a) DET.THE FTG. WIDTH

ASSUME t F = 250MM
 kN  kN
WT . OF FTG . = 0.25 24  =6
 M3  M2
qu NET = NET ALLOW . SOIL PRESSURE = 191.53 − 6 = 185.53kPa

W + W LL
(146 + 73) kN
FOOTING WIDTH = DL = M = 1.18M  1.2 M
PNET kN
185.53
M
b) DET. DEPTH
kN
W = 1.4WDL + 1.7WLL = 1.4(146) + 1.7(73) = 328.50
M

NET SOIL PRESSURE UNDER FACTORED LOAD

kN
W 328.50
q  ( NET ) = = M = 273.75 kN
D 1.20M M

CONSIDER ONE-WAY ACTION

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 1
V = Vc = f ' c bW d
6
which requires that V =  Vc =  V
consider1 − M LONG
V = q  ( NET ) (450 − d )
kN
= 273.75 (0.450 − d )
M2
= 273075(0.450 − d )kN
1
 Vc = 20.70 (0.30)(d )(1000)
6
= 644.54kN
EQUATE
0.274(450 − d ) = d
123.30 − 0.274d = d
273.75(0.45 − d ) = 644.54(d )
0.45 − d = 2.35(d )
d = 0.134 = 134MM

USING 25MM REINF. Ab = 490.87 MM 2 

 
25
TOTAL THICKNESS = 134 + 75 + = 22150  225
2
 kN  kN kN
CHECK WT . = 0.222 24  = 5.333 6 OK
 M2 M M

c) Reinforcement for Moment Strength the Critical Section for bending moment under masonry walls occurs
halfway between the middle and the edge of the wall.

Critical distance = 450 + 300/4 = 525 mm

Mu = 273.75 kN/m2(0.525)(0.525/2) = 37.73 kN-m
37.73 kN - m
Required Rn = = 2334.75 kN/m
0.90(1.0)(0.134) 2

1 2(15.69)2334.72  fy 276
= 1 − 1 −  m= = = 15.69

m 276(1000)  0.85 f ' c 0.85(20.70)
2(15.69)(2334.72) 
=
1 
1 − 1 −

15.69  276(1000)
=

1
( )
1 − 1 − 0.265 = 0.009
 15.69
Required As = bd = 0.009(1000)(134) = 1206 mm2

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 Ab (b ) 490.87(1000)
Spacing = = = 407 mm say 400 mm
As 1206
Try Ø25mm @ 400 mm o.c. (As = 1472.61 mm2/m)

Check strength

C = 0.85f’cba = 0.85(20.70x103 kN/m2)(1000 mm)(1000)(a)(1/1000)2

= 1759f(a) kN
but T = Asfy = 1472.62mm2 (276N/mm2)(1/1000) = 406.44 kN

406.44
Therefore, a = = 0.023m = 23 mm
14595
ØMn = 0.90T(d – a/2) = 0.90(406.44 kN)(0.134 – 0.023/2)
= 44.81 kN-m > [Mu = 37.73 kN-m] OK

d) Development of reinforcement

0.02 Abfy 0.02(490.87(276))

Ld = = = 614 mm
f 'c 20.70
Ld = 0.06dbfy = 0.06(25)(276) = 414 mm
Ld = 300 mm

Available Ld = 450 + 300/4 = 525 < 614 Provide 12db hook

e) Temperature bars

Ast = 0.002bh = 0.002(1000)(225) = 450 mm2

Use Ø16 mm bars (A16 = 201.10 mm2)
A (b ) 201.10(1000)
Spacing = b = = 446.89 say 450 mm
Ast 450

f) Design Details

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