Correction

Ex.1
kN
qEd ≔ ((1.35 ⋅ 35 + 1.5 ⋅ 15)) ―― L≔9 m
m
qEd ⋅ L L
R ≔ ――― x≔―
2 4
x2
MEd ≔ R ⋅ x - qEd ⋅ ―― = 529.664 kN ⋅ m
2

VEd ≔ R - qEd ⋅ x = 156.938 kN

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Ex. 2

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Ex3.

b ≔ 400 mm h ≔ 700 mm
d ≔ 610 mm d' ≔ 60 mm
As ≔ 29.45 cm 2 A's ≔ 9.40 cm 2
fck ≔ 35 MPa Ecm ≔ 34 GPa
fyk ≔ 400 MPa Es ≔ 200 GPa
φ ≔ 2.5 fcteff ≔ 3.2 MPa

Ecm
Eceff ≔ ――= 9.714 GPa Mqp ≔ 350 kN ⋅ m
1+φ
Es
n ≔ ――= 20.588
Eceff
h
3.1 b ⋅ h ⋅ ―+ n ⋅ As ⋅ d + n ⋅ A's ⋅ d'
2
v' ≔ ―――――――――= 378.201 mm
b ⋅ h + n ⋅ As + n ⋅ A's

v ≔ h - v' = 321.799 mm

b ⋅ h3 ⎛h ⎞2
Ich ≔ ――+ b ⋅ h ⋅ ⎜―- v'⎟ + n ⋅ As ⋅ ((d - v')) 2 + n ⋅ A's ⋅ ((d' - v')) 2 = ⎛⎝1.687 ⋅ 10 10⎞⎠ mm 4
12 ⎝2 ⎠

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 x
b ⋅ x ⋅ ―+ n ⋅ As ⋅ d + n ⋅ A's ⋅ d'
2
x ＝ ―――――――――
b ⋅ x + n ⋅ As + n ⋅ A's

b
A≔― B ≔ n ⋅ As + n ⋅ A's C ≔ -n ⋅ ⎛⎝As ⋅ d + A's ⋅ d'⎞⎠
2

Δ ≔ B2 - 4 ⋅ A ⋅ C

-B + ‾‾
Δ
x ≔ ―――― = 280.37 mm
2⋅A

b ⋅ x3
Icr ≔ ――+ n ⋅ As ⋅ ((d - x)) 2 + n ⋅ A's ⋅ ((d' - x)) 2 = ⎛⎝1.047 ⋅ 10 10⎞⎠ mm 4
3

Mqp
3.2 σct ≔ ―― ⋅ v = 6.675 MPa cracked section
Ich

3.3
Mqp
σs ≔ n ⋅ ―― ⋅ ((d - x)) = 226.942 MPa
Icr

3.4

fcteff ⋅ Ich
Mcr ≔ ―――= 167.79 kN ⋅ m
v
Mcr
σsr ≔ n ⋅ ―― ⋅ ((d - x)) = 108.796 MPa
Icr
⎛ σsr ⎞ 2
ξ ≔ 1 - 0.5 ⋅ ⎜―― ⎟ = 0.885
⎝ σs ⎠

Mqp 1 Mqp 1
ψI ≔ ―――= ⎛⎝2.135 ⋅ 10 -6⎞⎠ ―― ψII ≔ ―――= ⎛⎝3.442 ⋅ 10 -6⎞⎠ ――
Eceff ⋅ Ich mm Eceff ⋅ Icr mm

1
ψm ≔ ξ ⋅ ψII + ((1 - ξ)) ⋅ ψI = ⎛⎝3.292 ⋅ 10 -6⎞⎠ ――
mm

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Ex 4.
b ≔ 400 mm h ≔ 700 mm d ≔ 610 mm d' ≔ 60 mm
fck ≔ 35 MPa fyk ≔ 400 MPa Es ≔ 200 GPa

εcu3 ≔ 3.5 ⋅ 10 -3 λ ≔ 0.8 η ≔ 1.0

γc ≔ 1.5 γs ≔ 1.15

MEd ≔ 950 kN ⋅ m

fck fyk
fcd ≔ ―― = 23.333 MPa fyd ≔ ―― = 347.826 MPa
γc γs
fyd
εyd ≔ ―― = 1.739 10 -3
Es

Limit of plastic neutral axis:

xmax1 ≔ 235 mm

εcu3
xmax2 ≔ d ⋅ ――― = 407.51 mm
εcu3 + εyd

xmax ≔ min ⎛⎝xmax1 , xmax2⎞⎠ = 235 mm

Limit of moment without compressive reinforcement

⎛ λ ⋅ xmax ⎞
MRdmax ≔ η ⋅ fcd ⋅ b ⋅ λ ⋅ xmax ⋅ ⎜d - ――― ⎟ = 905.408 kN ⋅ m
⎝ 2 ⎠
>> Required A's : x ≔ xmax

Compressive stress of compression bar :

x - d'
εs ≔ εcu3 ⋅ ――= 2.606 10 -3 > εyd = 1.739 10 -3
x

f's ≔ fyd = 347.826 MPa

ΔM ≔ MEd - MRdmax = 44.592 kN ⋅ m

ΔM
A's ≔ ―――― = 233.095 mm 2
f's ⋅ ((d - d'))

Tensile reinforcement:

f's η ⋅ fcd
As ≔ A's ⋅ ―― + ――⋅ λ ⋅ xmax ⋅ b = ⎛⎝5.278 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ mm 2
fyd fyd

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Ex. 5
fck ≔ 35 MPa fyk ≔ 400 MPa Es ≔ 200 GPa

εcu3 ≔ 3.5 ⋅ 10 -3 λ ≔ 0.8 η ≔ 1.0

γc ≔ 1.5 γs ≔ 1.15 fctm ≔ 3.2 MPa

fck fyk
fcd ≔ ―― = 23.333 MPa fyd ≔ ―― = 347.826 MPa
γc γs
fyd
εyd ≔ ―― = 1.739 10 -3
Es

5.1 ULS : fail by moment, shear and torsion

SLS: crack, deflection, vibration.

5.2 Design section for moment:

12 mm
b ≔ 0.4 m h ≔ 0.12 m d ≔ h - 30 mm - ――― = 84 mm
2
kN
L≔1 m Qk ≔ 4 kN wc ≔ 25 ――
m3
2
L
MEd ≔ 1.5 ⎛⎝Qk⎞⎠ ⋅ ((L)) + 1.35 ⋅ ⎛⎝b ⋅ h ⋅ wc⎞⎠ ⋅ ―― = 6.81 kN ⋅ m
2

VEd ≔ 1.5 ⎛⎝Qk⎞⎠ + 1.35 ⋅ ⎛⎝b ⋅ h ⋅ wc⎞⎠ ⋅ L = 7.62 kN

b
TEd ≔ 1.5 ⋅ Qk ⋅ ―= 1.2 kN ⋅ m
2

MEd
μ ≔ ――――= 0.103
b ⋅ d 2 ⋅ η ⋅ fcd

⎛ ⎞
a ≔ d ⋅ ⎝1 - ‾‾‾‾‾‾
1 - 2 ⋅ μ ⎠ = 9.189 mm

a x
x ≔ ―= 11.486 mm ―= 0.137
λ d
η ⋅ fcd
As ≔ ――⋅ a ⋅ b = 246.566 mm 2
fyd
fctm
Asmin1 ≔ 0.26 ⋅ ―― ⋅ b ⋅ d = 69.888 mm 2
fyk

Asmin2 ≔ 0.0013 ⋅ b ⋅ d = 43.68 mm 2

As
n ≔ ――――― = 2.18
π
―⋅ ((12 mm )) 2
4

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 As
n ≔ ――――― = 2.18
π
―⋅ ((12 mm )) 2
4

5.2 Design section for shear + torsion

0.18
CRdc ≔ ―― = 0.12 γc = 1.5
γc
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
200 mm
k ≔ 1 + ―――= 2.543
d

k ≔ min ((k , 2)) = 2 AsL ≔ As

AsL
ρL ≔ ―― = 0.007
b⋅d

ρL ≔ min ⎛⎝ρL , 0.02⎞⎠ = 0.007

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
fck
vmin ≔ 0.035 MPa ⋅ k 3 ⋅ ――= 0.586 MPa
MPa
1
―
⎛ fck ⎞ 3
VRdc1 ≔ CRdc ⋅ k ⋅ ⎜100 ⋅ ρL ⋅ ――⎟ ⋅ ((MPa )) ⋅ b ⋅ d = 23.792 kN
⎝ MPa ⎠

VRdc2 ≔ vmin ⋅ b ⋅ d = 19.678 kN

VRdc ≔ max ⎛⎝VRdc1 , VRdc2⎞⎠ = 23.792 kN

fctk005 ≔ 0.7 ⋅ fctm

fctk005
fctd ≔ ―― = 1.493 MPa
γc

A ≔ b ⋅ h = ⎛⎝4.8 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ mm 2 u ≔ 2 ⋅ ((b + h)) = ⎛⎝1.04 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ mm

A
tefi ≔ ―= 46.154 mm no need to check >2c, as no reinf. will be
u provided for torsion.
c ≔ h - d = 36 mm 2 ⋅ c = 72 mm

bk ≔ b - tefi = 0.354 m hk ≔ h - tefi = 73.846 mm

Ak ≔ bk ⋅ hk = ⎛⎝2.613 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ mm 2

TRdc ≔ 2 ⋅ Ak ⋅ tefi ⋅ fctd = 3.602 kN ⋅ m

VEd TEd
――+ ―― = 0.653 <1 Not require shear reinforcement
VRdc TRdc

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