C re SUMMER 3231 QUIZ 3 - TORSION

A. Load demands at critical section near the

supports:
a te

Mu ≔ -264.40 kN ⋅ m
Vu ≔ 209.10 kN
dw

Tu ≔ 23.50 kN ⋅ m

B. Material and section properties:

ith

f'c ≔ 34.5 MPa fy ≔ 414 MPa

PT

db ≔ 20 mm tb ≔ 12 mm
cc ≔ 40 mm h ≔ 760 mm
CM

b ≔ 450 mm d ≔ h - cc - tb - db ⋅ 0.5
Given section is for torsion.
a th

C. Area of steel required for flexure.

A ≔ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ b ⋅ ((-0.5)) ⋅ 0.90

ca d

B ≔ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ b ⋅ d ⋅ 0.90

C ≔ Mu
2
-B + ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
Ex

B2 - 4 ⋅ A ⋅ C
a1 ≔ ――――――― = 32.658 mm
2⋅A
p re

2
-B - ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
B2 - 4 ⋅ A ⋅ C
a2 ≔ ――――――― = 1363.342 mm
ss.

2⋅A
a ≔ a1 = 32.658 mm
Se

0.05
β1 ≔ 0.85 - ――― ⋅ ⎛⎝f'c - 28 MPa ⎞⎠ = 0.804
7 MPa
ew

a
c ≔ ―= 40.641 mm
ww

β1

d-c
εs ≔ 0.003 ⋅ ―― = 0.049
.m

c
a th

0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ a ⋅ b
As ≔ ――――― = 1040.984 mm 2
fy
ca d

D. Will torsion be ignored?

. co

Acp ≔ b ⋅ h + 580 mm ⋅ 180 mm = 446400 mm 2

pcp ≔ 2 ⋅ 760 mm + 2 ⋅ 450 mm + 2 ⋅ 580 mm
m

pcp = 3580 mm
Acp 2
fo r

2
Tuth ≔ 0.75 ⋅ 0.083 ⋅ 1 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ 1 MPa ⋅ ――
pcp
mo

Tuth = 20.352 kN ⋅ m

Tu > Tuth Torsion will be considered.

re

Acp 2
inf

2
Tucr ≔ 0.75 ⋅ 0.33 ⋅ 1 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ 1 MPa ⋅ ――
pcp
o rm

Tucr = 80.919 kN ⋅ m

Tucr > Tu > Tuth Torsion need not be reduced.

a ti
on
.

E. Is the section sufficient for the combined

shear and torsion stresses?
E. Is the section sufficient for the combined
shear and torsion stresses?
C re
b' ≔ b - 2 ⋅ cc - tb = 358 mm
h' ≔ h - 2 ⋅ cc - tb = 668 mm
a te

Aoh ≔ b' ⋅ h' = 239144 mm 2

dw

ph ≔ 2 ⋅ b' + 2 ⋅ h' = 2052 mm

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛ Vu ⎞ 2 ⎛ T u ⋅ ph ⎞ 2
ith

2
⎜―― ⎟ + ⎜――― ⎟ = 0.83 MPa
⎝b⋅d⎠ 2
⎜⎝ 1.7 ⋅ Aoh ⎟⎠
PT

2
Vc ≔ 0.17 ⋅ 1 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ 1 MPa ⋅ b ⋅ d = 313.636 kN
CM

⎛ Vc 2 ⎞
0.75 ⋅ ⎜―― + 0.66 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ 1 MPa ⎟ = 3.656 MPa
⎝b⋅d ⎠
a th

2 ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛ Vu ⎞ 2 ⎛ T u ⋅ ph ⎞ 2 ⎛ Vc 2 ⎞
⎜―― ⎟ + ⎜――― ⎟ < 0.75 ⋅ ⎜ ―― + 0.66 ⋅ ‾‾
f' c⎟
⎝b⋅d⎠ 2
⎜⎝ 1.7 ⋅ Aoh ⎟⎠ ⎝b⋅d ⎠
ca d

Section is sufficient.
Ex

F. Required transverse reinforcement for shear:

p re

Vu = 209.1 kN
0.75 ⋅ Vc = 235.227 kN
ss.

0.50 ⋅ 0.75 ⋅ Vc = 117.614 kN

mm 2 Av
0.75 ⋅ Vc > Vu Avs ≔ 0 ―― ―＝ 0
Se

mm s
ew

Vu > 0.50 ⋅ 0.75 ⋅ Vc Minimum shear

reinforcement is required.
ww

G. Required transverse reinforcement for torsion:

.m

Tu
Ats ≔ ―――――――――――
0.75 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 0.85 ⋅ Aoh ⋅ fy ⋅ cot ((45 deg ))
a th

mm 2
Ats = 0.186 ――
ca d

mm
H. Required longitudinal reinforcement for
torsion:
. co

T u ⋅ ph
Al ≔ ―――――――――――
m

0.75 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 0.85 ⋅ Aoh ⋅ fy ⋅ cot ((45 deg ))

fo r

Al = 382.01 mm 2
mo

I. Minimum transverse reinforcement

re

2
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ 1 MPa mm 2
Avmin1 ≔ 0.062 ⋅ b ⋅ ――――― = 0.396 ――
inf

fy mm
o rm

0.35 MPa mm 2
Avmin2 ≔ ―――― ⋅ b = 0.38 ――
fy mm
a ti

mm 2
Avmin ≔ Avmin1 = 0.396 ――
mm
on
.

J. Practical spacing of 12-mm closed

stirrups in multiples of 25mm:
J. Practical spacing of 12-mm closed
stirrups in multiples of 25mm:
C re
π
Atb ≔ 2 ⋅ ―⋅ tb 2 = 226.195 mm 2
4
a te

Atb
s1 ≔ ―――― = 607.512 mm
Avs + 2 ⋅ Ats
dw

Atb
s2 ≔ ――= 571.438 mm
ith

Avmin

ph
PT

s3 ≔ ―= 256.5 mm
8
CM

s4 ≔ 300 mm

s ≔ 250 mm
a th

K. Minimum longitudinal reinforcement for

torsion:
ca d

2
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ 1 MPa fy
Almin1 ≔ 0.42 ⋅ Acp ⋅ ――――― - Ats ⋅ ph ⋅ ―= 2277.996 mm 2
Ex

fy fy
2
p re

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ 1 MPa 0.175 MPa ⋅ b fy
Almin2 ≔ 0.42 ⋅ Acp ⋅ ――――― - ――――― ⋅ ph ⋅ ―= 2269.68 mm 2
fy fy fy
ss.

Almin ≔ Almin2 = 2269.68 mm 2

Se

L. Determine the total number of 20-mm

ew

tension bars if 4 of the same bars are placed

on the sides (2 each side).
π
ww

Ab ≔ ―⋅ db 2 = 314.159 mm 2
4
.m

Almin - 4 ⋅ Ab
A'l ≔ ――――= 506.522 mm 2
2
a th

A's ≔ As + A'l = 1547.505 mm 2

ca d

2
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ 1 MPa
Asmin1 ≔ 0.25 ⋅ ――――― ⋅b⋅d
. co

fy
Asmin1 = 1114.082 mm 2
m

1.4 MPa
Asmin2 ≔ ―――⋅ b ⋅ d = 1062.174 mm 2
fo r

fy

A's
mo

n ≔ ―― = 4.926 n' ≔ 5
Ab
re
inf
o rm
a ti
on
.