Ejemplo de deflexión en una viga continua

Calcular la deflexión inmediata y a largo plazo que experimentará la viga mostrada en la figura en el
centro de la luz. La viga forma parte de un sistema continuo y por ello está sometida a momentos
negativos en sus extremos. Las dimensiones de la sección se indican en la misma figura.

tonf ≔ 1000 kgf

kgf kgf
L≔8 m d ≔ 94 cm f'c ≔ 280 ―― ϕ ≔ 0.9 fy ≔ 4200 ――
cm 2 cm 2
tonf
Cargas MAD ≔ 24.75 tonf ⋅ m WD ≔ 6.25 ―― MBD ≔ 29.9 tonf ⋅ m
muertas m
tonf
Cargas vivas MAL ≔ 21.185 tonf ⋅ m WL ≔ 5.35 ―― MBL ≔ 25.595 tonf ⋅ m
m

1.2D+1.6L MAu ≔ 1.2 MAD + 1.6 MAL Wu ≔ 1.2 WD + 1.6 WL MBu ≔ 1.2 MBD + 1.6 MBL

tonf
Wu = 16.06 ――
m

Wu ⋅ L 2 ⎛ MAu + MBu ⎞
Mu ≔ ――― - ⎜―――― ⎟
8 ⎝ 2 ⎠

MAu = 63.596 tonf ⋅ m Mu = 58.266 ((tonf ⋅ m)) MBu = 76.832 tonf ⋅ m

bizq ≔ 35 cm bcen ≔ 150 cm bder ≔ 35 cm

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 MAu ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 Mu ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 MBu
aizq ≔ d - d 2 - ―― ⋅ ―――― acen ≔ d - d 2 - ―― ⋅ ―――― ader ≔ d - d 2 - ―― ⋅ ――――
0.85 ϕ ⋅ f'c ⋅ bizq 0.85 ϕ ⋅ f'c ⋅ bcen 0.85 ϕ ⋅ f'c ⋅ bder

aizq = 9.505 cm acen = 1.949 cm ader = 11.621 cm

MAu kgf Mu kgf MBu kgf

Kuizq ≔ ――― = 20.564 ―― Kucen ≔ ―――= 4.396 ―― Kuder ≔ ―――= 24.844 ――
2
bizq ⋅ d cm 2 bcen ⋅ d 2
cm 2 bder ⋅ d 2
cm 2

0.85 ⋅ f'c ⎛ 2 ⋅ Kuizq ⎞

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⎛ 2 ⋅ Kucen ⎞
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⎛ 2 ⋅ Kuder ⎞
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
ρizq ≔ ―――⋅ ⎜1 - 1 - ――――⎟ ρcen ≔ ―――⋅ ⎜1 - 1 - ――――⎟ ρder ≔ ―――⋅ ⎜1 - 1 - ――――⎟
fy ⎜
⎝ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ ϕ ⎟⎠ fy ⎜
⎝ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ ϕ ⎟⎠ fy ⎜
⎝ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ ϕ ⎟⎠

ρizq = 0.573% ρcen = 0.118% ρder = 0.701%

Asizq ≔ ρizq ⋅ bizq ⋅ d = 18.851 cm 2 Ascen ≔ ρcen ⋅ bcen ⋅ d = 16.57 cm 2 Ader ≔ ρder ⋅ bder ⋅ d = 23.048 cm 2
Asizq ≔ ρizq ⋅ bizq ⋅ d = 18.851 cm 2 Ascen ≔ ρcen ⋅ bcen ⋅ d = 16.57 cm 2 Ader ≔ ρder ⋅ bder ⋅ d = 23.048 cm 2

Asizq ≔ 4 ⋅ 2 cm 2 + 4 ⋅ 2.84 cm 2 Ascen ≔ 6 ⋅ 2.84 cm 2 Asder ≔ 6 ⋅ 2 cm 2 + 4 ⋅ 2.84 cm 2

Asizq = 19.36 cm 2 Ascen = 17.04 cm 2 Asder = 23.36 cm 2

bw ≔ 35 cm

b ≔ 150 cm

h≔1 m

hf ≔ 15 cm

h ⎛ hf ⎞
bw ⋅ h ⋅ ―+ ⎛⎝b - bw⎞⎠ ⋅ hf ⋅ ⎜h - ―⎟
2 ⎝ 2⎠
y ≔ ―――――――――― = 64.031 cm
⎛ ⎞
bw ⋅ h + ⎝b - bw⎠ ⋅ hf

2 2
bw ⋅ h 3 ⎛h ⎞ ⎛⎝b - bw⎞⎠ ⋅ hf 3 ⎛ hf ⎞
Ig ≔ ――― + bw ⋅ h ⋅ ⎜―- y⎟ + ――――― + ⎛⎝b - bw⎞⎠ ⋅ hf ⋅ ⎜h - ―- y⎟
12 ⎝2 ⎠ 12 ⎝ 2 ⎠

Ig = 5036136.613 cm 4

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
kgf kgf
fr ≔ 2 ⋅ f'c ⋅ ――= 33.466 ――
2
cm cm 2

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
kgf kgf kgf
Ec ≔ 15100 ⋅ f'c ⋅ ――= 252671.328 ―― Es ≔ 2000000 ――
2
cm cm 2 cm 2

⎛ Es ⎞
n ≔ round ⎜―⎟ = 8
⎜⎝ Ec ⎟⎠
D+L

MADL ≔ MAD + MAL WDL ≔ WD + WL MBDL ≔ MBD + MBL

tonf
WDL = 11.6 ――
m

WDL ⋅ L 2 ⎛ MADL + MBDL ⎞

McenDL ≔ ――― - ⎜――――― ⎟
8 ⎝ 2 ⎠

MADL = 45.935 tonf ⋅ m McenDL = 42.085 tonf ⋅ m MBDL = 55.495 tonf ⋅ m

ytizq ≔ h - y = 35.969 cm ytcen ≔ y = 64.031 cm ytder ≔ h - y = 35.969 cm

fr ⋅ Ig fr ⋅ Ig fr ⋅ Ig
Mcrizq ≔ ――= 46.858 tonf ⋅ m Mcrcen ≔ ――= 26.322 tonf ⋅ m Mcrder ≔ ――= 46.858 tonf ⋅ m
ytizq ytcen ytder

Asizq Ascen Asder

ρizq ≔ ――= 0.588% ρcen ≔ ――= 0.121% ρder ≔ ――= 0.71%
bw ⋅ d b⋅d bw ⋅ d
⎛ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ 2 ⎞ ⎛ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ 2 ⎞ ⎛ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ 2 ⎞
cizq ≔ ⎜⎝ 2 ⋅ n ⋅ ρizq + ⎛⎝n ⋅ ρizq⎞⎠ - n ⋅ ρizq⎟⎠ ⋅ d ccen ≔ ⎜⎝ 2 ⋅ n ⋅ ρcen + ⎛⎝n ⋅ ρcen⎞⎠ - n ⋅ ρcen⎟⎠ ⋅ d cder ≔ ⎜⎝ 2 ⋅ n ⋅ ρder + ⎛⎝n ⋅ ρder⎞⎠ - n ⋅ ρder⎟⎠ ⋅ d

cizq = 24.755 cm ccen = 12.194 cm cder = 26.79 cm

bw ⋅ cizq 3 2 b ⋅ ccen 3 2 bw ⋅ cder 3 2

Icrizq ≔ ――― + n ⋅ Asizq ⋅ ⎛⎝d - cizq⎞⎠ Icrcen ≔ ―――+ n ⋅ Ascen ⋅ ⎛⎝d - ccen⎞⎠ Icrder ≔ ―――― + n ⋅ Asder ⋅ ⎛⎝d - cder⎞⎠
3 3 3

Icrizq = 919614.111 cm 4 Icrcen = 1002942.163 cm 4 Icrder = 1068489.781 cm 4

⎛ Mcrizq ⎞ 3 ⎛ ⎛ Mcrizq ⎞ 3 ⎞ ⎛ Mcrcen ⎞ 3 ⎛ ⎛ Mcrcen ⎞ 3 ⎞ ⎛ Mcrder ⎞ 3 ⎛ ⎛ Mcrder ⎞ 3 ⎞

Ieizq ≔ ⎜――― ⎟ ⋅ Ig + ⎜1 - ⎜――― ⎟ ⎟ ⋅ Icrizq Iecen ≔ ⎜――― ⎟ ⋅ Ig + ⎜1 - ⎜――― ⎟ ⎟ ⋅ Icrcen Ieder ≔ ⎜――― ⎟ ⋅ Ig + ⎜1 - ⎜――― ⎟ ⎟ ⋅ Icrder
⎜⎝ MADL ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ ⎜⎝ MADL ⎟⎠ ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ McenDL ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ ⎜⎝ McenDL ⎟⎠ ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ MBDL ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ ⎜⎝ MBDL ⎟⎠ ⎟⎠

Ieizq = 5289171.232 cm 4 Iecen = 1989707.329 cm 4 Ieder = 3456903.351 cm 4

Ie ≔ 0.7 ⋅ Iecen + 0.15 ⋅ ⎛⎝Ieizq + Ieder⎞⎠

Ie = 2704706.318 cm 4
 5 WDL ⋅ L 4
Δ1 ≔ ―― ⋅ ――― = 0.905 cm
384 Ec ⋅ Ie

MADL ⋅ L 2
Δ2 ≔ -―――― = -0.269 cm
16 ⋅ Ec ⋅ Ie

MBDL ⋅ L 2
Δ3 ≔ -―――― = -0.325 cm
16 ⋅ Ec ⋅ Ie

Δinicial ≔ Δ1 + Δ2 + Δ3 = 0.312 cm

ρ' ≔ 0

ξ∞
ξ∞ ≔ 2 λΔ∞ ≔ ―――― λΔ∞ = 2 Δ∞ ≔ Δinicial ⋅ λΔ∞ = 0.623 cm
1 + 50 ⋅ ρ'

Δfinal ≔ Δinicial + Δ∞ = 0.935 cm