PUENTE DE VIGA POSTENSADA DE UN SOLO TRAMO

1. Datos:

m1 ≔ 0.65 m m3 ≔ 0.5 m S ≔ 2.40 m A ≔ 2 ⋅ m1 + 3 ⋅ S = 8.5 m bD ≔ 0.30 m

m2 ≔ 0.40 m L ≔ 17 m tv ≔ 0.15 m B ≔ A - 2 ⋅ m2 = 7.7 m

kgf kgf
Viga: f'cv ≔ 420 ―― Losa: f'cl ≔ 280 ――
cm 2 cm 2

kgf kgf
Cable: fpu ≔ 17600 ―― fpy ≔ 0.85 ⋅ fpu = 14960 ――
cm 2 cm 2

kgf
EP ≔ 2 ⋅ 10 6 ―― Aps ≔ 0.987 cm 2
cm 2

kgf kgf
Acero: ES ≔ 2.05 ⋅ 10 6 ―― fy ≔ 4200 ――
cm 2 cm 2

2. Pre-dimensionamiento: h ≔ 0.045 ⋅ L = 0.765 m elegir h ≔ 0.77 m

b1 ≔ 400 mm b2 ≔ 170 mm b3 ≔ 550 mm

t1 ≔ 180 mm t2 ≔ 120 mm t3 ≔ 190 mm t4 ≔ 180 mm

hb ≔ h - t1 - t2 - t3 - t4 = 0.1 m

3. Sección no compuesta:

Áreas:
b3 - b2
A1 ≔ b1 ⋅ t1 = 720 cm 2 A4 ≔ ――― ⋅ t3 = 180.5 cm 2
4
b1 - b2
A2 ≔ ――― ⋅ t2 = 69 cm 2 A5 ≔ b3 ⋅ t4 = 990 cm 2
4
A3 ≔ b2 ⋅ ⎛⎝t2 + hb + t3⎞⎠ = 697 cm 2
 A3 ≔ b2 ⋅ ⎛⎝t2 + hb + t3⎞⎠ = 697 cm 2

Área total:

Aviga ≔ A1 + 2 ⋅ A2 + A3 + 2 ⋅ A4 + A5 = 2906 cm 2

Centroides:
t1 t2 + hb + t3
y1 ≔ ―+ t2 + hb + t3 + t4 = 68 cm y3 ≔ ―――― + t4 = 38.5 cm
2 2
2 1 t4
y2 ≔ ―⋅ t2 + hb + t3 + t4 = 55 cm y4 ≔ ―⋅ t3 + t4 = 24.333 cm y5 ≔ ―= 9 cm
3 3 2

Finalmente:
A1 ⋅ y1 + 2 ⋅ A2 ⋅ y2 + A3 ⋅ y3 + 2 ⋅ A4 ⋅ y4 + A5 ⋅ y5
yb ≔ ―――――――――――――― = 34.783 cm yt ≔ h - yb = 42.217 cm
Aviga

Momento de inercia:
1 2
IA1 ≔ ― ⋅ b1 ⋅ t1 3 + A1 ⋅ ⎛⎝y1 - yb⎞⎠ = ⎛⎝8.139 ⋅ 10 5 ⎞⎠ cm 4
12
1 b1 - b2 2
IA2 ≔ ― ⋅ ――― ⋅ t2 3 + A2 ⋅ ⎛⎝y2 - yb⎞⎠ = ⎛⎝2.875 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ cm 4
36 2
1 3 2
IA3 ≔ ― ⋅ b2 ⋅ ⎛⎝t2 + hb + t3⎞⎠ + A3 ⋅ ⎛⎝y3 - yb⎞⎠ = ⎛⎝1.073 ⋅ 10 5 ⎞⎠ cm 4
12
1 b3 - b2 2
IA4 ≔ ― ⋅ ――― ⋅ t3 3 + A4 ⋅ ⎛⎝y4 - yb⎞⎠ = ⎛⎝2.333 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ cm 4
36 2
1 2
IA5 ≔ ― ⋅ b3 ⋅ t4 3 + A5 ⋅ ⎛⎝y5 - yb⎞⎠ = ⎛⎝6.848 ⋅ 10 5 ⎞⎠ cm 4
12

Finalmente:

Iviga ≔ IA1 + 2 ⋅ IA2 + IA3 + 2 IA4 + IA5 = ⎛⎝1.71 ⋅ 10 6 ⎞⎠ cm 4

Módulos de sección:
Iviga Iviga
Sb ≔ ―― = ⎛⎝4.917 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ cm 3 St ≔ ―― = ⎛⎝4.051 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ cm 3
yb yt

4. Ancho del ala transformada:

((kgf )) 0.5 2 kgf
Eviga ≔ 15000 ――― f'cv = ⎛⎝3.074 ⋅ 10 5 ⎞⎠ ――
⋅ ‾‾‾
cm cm 2

((kgf )) 0.5 2 kgf

Elosa ≔ 15000 ――― f'cl = ⎛⎝2.51 ⋅ 10 5 ⎞⎠ ――
⋅ ‾‾‾
cm cm 2

Eviga S
n ≔ ――= 1.225 Ancho ≔ ―= 1.96 m
Elosa n
5. Sección compuesta:
((S + 3000 mm ))
tS ≔ ―――――= 180 mm tS = 0.18 m Elegir ts: tS ≔ 0.20 m
30
Alosa ≔ Ancho ⋅ tS = ⎛⎝3.919 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ cm 2

Áreas:
Aviga = 2906 cm 2

Ac ≔ Aviga + Alosa = 6825.184 cm 2

Centroides: H ≔ h + tS = 97 cm
tS
ylosa ≔ ―+ h = 87 cm yb = 34.783 cm
2

Aviga ⋅ yb + Alosa ⋅ ylosa

ybc ≔ ――――――― = 64.767 cm ytc ≔ H - ybc = 32.233 cm y'tc ≔ h - ybc = 12.233 cm
Ac

Inercia: Iviga = ⎛⎝1.71 ⋅ 10 6 ⎞⎠ cm 4

2
I'viga ≔ Iviga + Aviga ⋅ ⎛⎝ybc - yb⎞⎠ = ⎛⎝4.323 ⋅ 10 6 ⎞⎠ cm 4
1 2
Ilosa ≔ ― ⋅ Ancho ⋅ tS 3 + Alosa ⋅ ⎛⎝ylosa - ybc⎞⎠ = ⎛⎝2.068 ⋅ 10 6 ⎞⎠ cm 4
12

Finalmente:

Ic ≔ I'viga + Ilosa = ⎛⎝6.391 ⋅ 10 6 ⎞⎠ cm 4

Módulos de sección:
Ic Ic
Sbc ≔ ―― = ⎛⎝9.867 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ cm 3 Stc ≔ ― = ⎛⎝1.983 ⋅ 10 5 ⎞⎠ cm 3
ybc ytc

6. Momento por carga muerta y asfalto:

6.1. Carga muerta:

kgf tonnef
γC ≔ 2400 ―― WB ≔ 0.36 ――― A = 8.5 m B = 7.7 m tv = 0.15 m
m3 m

A ⋅ tS ⋅ γC tonnef
Losa ≔ ―――= 1.02 ―――
4 m

tonnef
Viga ≔ Aviga ⋅ γC = 0.697 ―――
m

2 tonnef
Vereda ≔ tv ⋅ ⎛⎝m2 + m3⎞⎠ ⋅ γC ⋅ ―= 0.162 ―――
4 m
 2 tonnef
Vereda ≔ tv ⋅ ⎛⎝m2 + m3⎞⎠ ⋅ γC ⋅ ―= 0.162 ―――
4 m

2 tonnef
Barrera ≔ WB ⋅ ―= 0.18 ―――
4 m
Total:
tonnef
WDC ≔ Losa + Viga + Vereda + Barrera = 2.059 ―――
m

6.2. Carga de diafragmas: tD ≔ t4 = 0.18 m bD = 0.3 m

AD ≔ ((S - 0.55 m)) ⋅ ⎛⎝h - tD⎞⎠ = 1.092 m 2

Viga interior: P1 ≔ AD ⋅ bD ⋅ γC = 0.786 tonnef

Viga exterior: P2 ≔ AD ⋅ bD ⋅ γC ⋅ 0.5 = 0.393 tonnef

kgf
6.3. Carga de asfalto: γDW ≔ 2250 ――
m3

0.05 m tonnef
WDW ≔ B ⋅ γDW ⋅ ――― = 0.173 ―――
5 m
7. Línea de influencia a una distancia "a" del apoyo: a ≔ 10.2 m
⎛ a⎞
y ((x)) ≔ if a < x | ymáx ≔ a ⋅ ⎜1 - ―⎟ = 4.08 m
‖ ⎛ | ⎝ L⎠
x⎞|
‖ a ⋅ ⎜1 - ― ⎟
‖‖ ⎝ L⎠| x ≔ 0 , 0.1 m ‥ L
|
else | L ⋅ ymáx
‖ ⎛ Área ≔ ――― = 34.68 m 2
a ⎞| 2
‖ x ⋅ ⎜1 - ― ⎟|
‖‖ ⎝ L⎠|
0.3
-0.1
0 1.5 3 4.5 6 7.5 9 10.5 12 13.5 15 16.5 18
-0.5
-0.9
-1.3
-1.7
-2.1
-2.5
-y ((x)) ((m))
-2.9
-3.3
-3.7
-4.1

x ((m))

8. Cálculo de Momentos flectores por viga:

a) Carga muerta - losa:

MDC1 ≔ WDC ⋅ Área = 71.421 tonnef ⋅ m

b) Carga de asfalto:

MDW ≔ WDW ⋅ Área = 6.008 tonnef ⋅ m

L
c) Diafragmas: a cada: k ≔ 7.5 m #diafragmas ≔ ―+ 1 = 3.267
k
 L
#diafragmas ≔ ―+ 1 = 3.267
k

Ordenadas de línea de influencia:

y ((0 m)) = 0 m y ((k)) = 3 m y ((2 k)) = 1.2 m y ((3 k)) = -3.3 m y ((4 k)) = -7.8 m

⎛ #diafragmas - 1 ⎞
Viga interior: MDC2 ≔ P1 ⋅ ⎜ ∑ y ((i ⋅ k))⎟ = 3.301 tonnef ⋅ m
⎝ i=0 ⎠
⎛ #diafragmas - 1 ⎞
Viga exterior: MDC3 ≔ P2 ⋅ ⎜ ∑ y ((i ⋅ k))⎟ = 1.65 tonnef ⋅ m
⎝ i=0 ⎠

Finalmente:
MDW = 6.008 tonnef ⋅ m

Viga interior: M'DC ≔ MDC1 + MDC2 = 74.722 tonnef ⋅ m

Viga exterior: M''DC ≔ MDC1 + MDC3 = 73.072 tonnef ⋅ m

d) Carga HL-93: (Momento por vía)

tonnef
Por interpolación: Pcamión ≔ 3.64 tonnef Qtándem ≔ 11.2 tonnef wcarril ≔ 0.96 ―――
m
c1 ≔ 4 ⋅ Pcamión ⋅ y ((a - 2.15 m)) + 4 ⋅ Pcamión ⋅ y ((a + 2.15 m)) + Pcamión ⋅ y ((a + 6.45 m)) = 88.27 tonnef ⋅ m

c2 ≔ Pcamión ⋅ y ((a - 6.45 m)) + 4 ⋅ Pcamión ⋅ y ((a - 2.15 m)) + 4 ⋅ Pcamión ⋅ y ((a + 2.15 m)) = 92.966 tonnef ⋅ m

c3 ≔ 4 ⋅ Pcamión ⋅ y ((a - 4.3 m)) + 4 ⋅ Pcamión ⋅ y ((a)) + Pcamión ⋅ y ((a + 4.3 m)) = 99.226 tonnef ⋅ m

c4 ≔ Pcamión ⋅ y ((a - 4.3 m)) + 4 ⋅ Pcamión ⋅ y ((a)) + 4 ⋅ Pcamión ⋅ y ((a + 4.3 m)) = 89.835 tonnef ⋅ m

q1 ≔ Qtándem ⋅ y ((a - 0.6 m)) + Qtándem ⋅ y ((a + 0.6 m)) = 84.672 tonnef ⋅ m

q2 ≔ Qtándem ⋅ y ((a)) + Qtándem ⋅ y ((a + 1.2 m)) = 83.328 tonnef ⋅ m

q3 ≔ Qtándem ⋅ y ((a - 1.2 m)) + Qtándem ⋅ y ((a)) = 86.016 tonnef ⋅ m

Momento de la carga móvil Usar Excel "MLL+I" si se trata de más de un tramo.

MCamión ≔ max ⎛⎝c1 , c2 , c3 , c4⎞⎠ = 99.226 tonnef ⋅ m

MTándem ≔ max ⎛⎝q1 , q2 , q3⎞⎠ = 86.016 tonnef ⋅ m

MCarril ≔ wcarril ⋅ Área = 33.293 tonnef ⋅ m

9. Cálculo del momento M(LL+I) para viga interior:

9.1. Parámetro de rigidez longitudinal: yt = 0.422 m n = 1.225

tS
eg ≔ ―+ yt = 522.172 mm
2
kg ≔ n ⋅ ⎛⎝Iviga + Aviga ⋅ eg 2 ⎞⎠ = ⎛⎝1.18 ⋅ 10 11⎞⎠ mm 4
 kg ≔ n ⋅ ⎛⎝Iviga + Aviga ⋅ eg 2 ⎞⎠ = ⎛⎝1.18 ⋅ 10 11⎞⎠ mm 4

9.2. Factor de distribución de carga para viga interior:

a) Para un carril cargado:

0.1 S = 2400 mm
⎛ S ⎞ 0.4 ⎛ S ⎞ 0.3 ⎛ kg ⎞
mgi1 ≔ 0.06 + ⎜―――― ⎟ ⋅ ⎜― ⎟ ⋅ ⎜――― ⎟ = 0.494 L = 17000 mm
⎝ 4300 mm ⎠ ⎝L⎠ 3
⎜⎝ L ⋅ tS ⎟⎠ tS = 200 mm

b) Para dos carriles cargados:

0.1
⎛ S ⎞ 0.6 ⎛ S ⎞ 0.2 ⎛ kg ⎞
mgi2 ≔ 0.075 + ⎜―――― ⎟ ⋅ ―
⎜ ⎟ ⋅ ⎜ ――― ⎟ = 0.67
⎝ 2900 mm ⎠ ⎝L⎠ 3
⎜⎝ L ⋅ tS ⎟⎠

Finalmente:

mgi ≔ max ⎛⎝mgi1 , mgi2⎞⎠ = 0.67

9.3. Momento por carga viva:

M'LL†I ≔ mgi ⋅ ⎛⎝max ⎛⎝MCamión , MTándem⎞⎠ ⋅ 1.33 + MCarril⎞⎠ = 110.716 tonnef ⋅ m

9.4. Corte: (Opcional)

a) Para un carril cargado:

S
mgv1 ≔ 0.36 + ―――― = 0.676
7600 mm

b) Para dos carriles cargados:

S ⎛ S ⎞2
mgv2 ≔ 0.2 + ―――― - ⎜―――― ⎟ = 0.816
3600 mm ⎝ 10700 mm ⎠

Finalmente:

mgvi ≔ max ⎛⎝mgv1 , mgv2⎞⎠ = 0.816

10. Cálculo del momento M(LL+I) para viga exterior:

10.1. Factor de distribución de carga para viga exterior:

a) Para un carril cargado:

S = 2.4 m m1 = 0.65 m m2 = 0.4 m

1
RA ≔ ―― ⋅ ⎛⎝S + m1 - m2 - 0.6 m + S + m1 - m2 - 2.4 m⎞⎠ = 0.479
2⋅S

mge1 ≔ 1.2 ⋅ RA = 0.575

b) Para dos carriles cargados:

 b) Para dos carriles cargados:

mgi = 0.67

de ≔ m1 - m2 = 250 mm
de
e ≔ 0.77 + ―――― = 0.859
2800 mm
mge2 ≔ e ⋅ mgi = 0.576

Finalmente:
mge ≔ max ⎛⎝mge1 , mge2⎞⎠ = 0.576

10.2. Corte: (Opcional)

a) Para dos carriles cargados:

mgi = 0.67

de ≔ m1 - m2 = 250 mm
de
e ≔ 0.60 + ―――― = 0.683
3000 mm
mgve ≔ e ⋅ mgi = 0.458

10.3. Momento por carga viva:

MCamión = 99.226 tonnef ⋅ m MTándem = 86.016 tonnef ⋅ m MCarril = 33.293 tonnef ⋅ m

M''LL†I ≔ mge ⋅ ⎛⎝max ⎛⎝MCamión , MTándem⎞⎠ ⋅ 1.33 + MCarril⎞⎠ = 95.137 tonnef ⋅ m

11. Analizamos:

M'DC = 74.722 tonnef ⋅ m M'LL†I = 110.716 tonnef ⋅ m

M''DC = 73.072 tonnef ⋅ m M''LL†I = 95.137 tonnef ⋅ m

MDW = 6.008 tonnef ⋅ m

11.1. Estado de resistencia I:

Viga interior:

M'U ≔ 1.25 ⋅ M'DC + 1.5 ⋅ MDW + 1.75 ⋅ M'LL†I = 296.169 tonnef ⋅ m

Viga exterior:

M''U ≔ 1.25 ⋅ M''DC + 1.5 ⋅ MDW + 1.75 ⋅ M''LL†I = 266.842 tonnef ⋅ m

11.2. Estado de servicio I:

 11.2. Estado de servicio I:

Viga interior:

M'U ≔ 1.0 ⋅ M'DC + 1.0 ⋅ MDW + 1.0 ⋅ M'LL†I = 191.447 tonnef ⋅ m

Viga exterior:

M''U ≔ 1.25 ⋅ M''DC + 1.5 ⋅ MDW + 1.75 ⋅ M''LL†I = 266.842 tonnef ⋅ m

11.3. Estado de servicio III:

Viga interior:

M'U ≔ 1.0 ⋅ M'DC + 1.0 ⋅ MDW + 1.0 ⋅ M'LL†I = 191.447 tonnef ⋅ m

Viga exterior:

M''U ≔ 1.25 ⋅ M''DC + 1.5 ⋅ MDW + 1.75 ⋅ M''LL†I = 266.842 tonnef ⋅ m

11.3. Estado por fatiga:

Viga interior:

M'U ≔ 0.75 ⋅ M'LL†I = 83.037 tonnef ⋅ m

Viga exterior:

M''U ≔ 0.75 ⋅ M''LL†I = 71.353 tonnef ⋅ m

12. Cálculo de la fuerza de tensado requerida: (Viga interior)

Combinación de barrera con asfalto:

M'DC = 74.722 tonnef ⋅ m
tonnef tonnef
Barrera = 0.18 ――― WDW = 0.173 ―――
m m
MD1 ≔ Barrera ⋅ Área + WDW ⋅ Área = 12.251 tonnef ⋅ m

a) Estado de servicio III: Recubrimiento: Re ≔ 10 cm

kgf 2 ‾‾‾‾‾
f'cv
f'cv = 420 ―― f'cv = 5.974 ksi a5 ≔ 1 ksi ――= 2.444 ksi
cm 2 1 ksi

1 1
a1 ≔ ――= 3.441 ―― a1 ≔ 1 m 2 ⋅ a1 = 3.441
Aviga m2

yb - Re 1
a2 ≔ ――― = 5.041 ―― a2 ≔ 1 m 2 ⋅ a2 = 5.041
Sb m2

M'DC kgf m2
a3 ≔ ――= ⎛⎝1.52 ⋅ 10 6 ⎞⎠ ―― a3 ≔ 1 ――― ⋅ a3 = 1.52 ⋅ 10 3
Sb m2 tonnef
 M'DC kgf m2
a3 ≔ ――= ⎛⎝1.52 ⋅ 10 6 ⎞⎠ ―― a3 ≔ 1 ――― ⋅ a3 = 1.52 ⋅ 10 3
Sb m2 tonnef

MD1 + 0.8 ⋅ M'LL†I kgf m2

a4 ≔ ―――――― = ⎛⎝1.022 ⋅ 10 6 ⎞⎠ ―― a4 ≔ 1 ――― ⋅ a4 = 1.022 ⋅ 10 3
Sbc m2 tonnef

kgf m2
a5 = ⎛⎝1.718 ⋅ 10 6 ⎞⎠ ―― a5 ≔ 1 ――― ⋅ a5 = 1.718 ⋅ 10 3
m2 tonnef
Elegir P:
solve , P
-a1 ⋅ P - a2 ⋅ P + a3 + a4 < 0.19 ⋅ a5 ――― → P > 261.15945598050539366 P ≔ 243.7 tonnef

13. Área de los cables: (Viga interior)

a) Pérdidas de esfuerzo de tensión en el cable 20%:

P
Pajuste_inicial ≔ ―― = 304.625 tonnef
0.8

kgf
b) Tensado de ajuste inicial 75%fpu: fpu = 17600 ――
cm 2
kgf
fp_ajuste ≔ 0.75 ⋅ fpu = 13200 ――
cm 2

Finalmente:
Pajuste_inicial
Aps ≔ ――――= 23.078 cm 2 Elegir: Aps ≔ 46 cm 2
fp_ajuste

14. Número de torones:

Considerando torones de 1/2":

Aps
#torones ≔ ―――― = 46.606 Elegir: #torones ≔ 48
0.987 cm 2

área real del cable:

Aps ≔ #torones ⋅ 0.987 cm 2 = 47.376 cm 2

15. Cálculo de la fuerza de tensado requerida: (Viga exterior)

Combinación de barrera con asfalto:

M''DC = 73.072 tonnef ⋅ m
tonnef tonnef
Barrera = 0.18 ――― WDW = 0.173 ―――
m m
MD1 ≔ Barrera ⋅ Área + WDW ⋅ Área = 12.251 tonnef ⋅ m

a) Estado de servicio III: Recubrimiento: Re ≔ 10 cm

 a) Estado de servicio III: Recubrimiento: Re ≔ 10 cm
kgf 2 ‾‾‾‾‾
f'cv
f'cv = 420 ―― f'cv = 5.974 ksi a5 ≔ 1 ksi ――= 2.444 ksi
cm 2 1 ksi

1 1
a1 ≔ ――= 3.441 ―― a1 ≔ 1 m 2 ⋅ a1 = 3.441
Aviga m2

yb - Re 1
a2 ≔ ――― = 5.041 ―― a2 ≔ 1 m 2 ⋅ a2 = 5.041
Sb m2

M''DC kgf m2
a3 ≔ ――= ⎛⎝1.486 ⋅ 10 6 ⎞⎠ ―― a3 ≔ 1 ――― ⋅ a3 = 1.486 ⋅ 10 3
Sb m2 tonnef

MD1 + 0.8 ⋅ M'LL†I kgf m2

a4 ≔ ―――――― = ⎛⎝1.022 ⋅ 10 6 ⎞⎠ ―― a4 ≔ 1 ――― ⋅ a4 = 1.022 ⋅ 10 3
Sbc m2 tonnef

kgf m2
a5 = ⎛⎝1.718 ⋅ 10 6 ⎞⎠ ―― a5 ≔ 1 ――― ⋅ a5 = 1.718 ⋅ 10 3
m2 tonnef
Elegir P:
solve , P'
-a1 ⋅ P' - a2 ⋅ P' + a3 + a4 < 0.19 ⋅ a5 ――― → P' > 257.20195293108284895 P ≔ 242.2 tonnef

16. Área de los cables: (Viga exterior)

a) Pérdidas de esfuerzo de tensión en el cable 20%:

P
Pajuste_inicial ≔ ―― = 302.75 tonnef
0.8

kgf
b) Tensado de ajuste inicial 75%fpu: fpu = 17600 ――
cm 2
kgf
fp_ajuste ≔ 0.75 ⋅ fpu = 13200 ――
cm 2

Finalmente:
Pajuste_inicial
Aps ≔ ――――= 22.936 cm 2 Elegir: Aps ≔ 44 cm 2
fp_ajuste

14. Número de torones:

Considerando torones de 1/2":

Aps
#torones ≔ ―――― = 44.58 Elegir: #torones ≔ 46
0.987 cm 2

área real del cable:

Aps ≔ #torones ⋅ 0.987 cm 2 = 45.402 cm 2