PUENTE DE VIGA POSTENSADA DE UN SOLO TRAMO

1. Datos:

m1 ≔ 1.40 m m3 ≔ 0.3 m S ≔ 2.35 m A ≔ 2 ⋅ m1 + 4 ⋅ S = 12.2 m bD ≔ 0.30 m

m2 ≔ 0.35 m L ≔ 22 m tv ≔ 0.17 m B ≔ A - 2 ⋅ m2 = 11.5 m

kgf kgf
Viga: f'cv ≔ 350 ―― Losa: f'cl ≔ 280 ――
cm 2 cm 2

kgf kgf
Cable: fpu ≔ 17600 ―― fpy ≔ 0.85 ⋅ fpu = 14960 ――
cm 2 cm 2

kgf
EP ≔ 2 ⋅ 10 6 ―― Aps ≔ 0.987 cm 2
cm 2

kgf kgf
Acero: ES ≔ 2.03 ⋅ 10 5 ―― fy ≔ 4200 ――
cm 2 cm 2

2. Pre-dimensionamiento: h ≔ 0.040 ⋅ L = 0.88 m

b1 ≔ 0.406 m b2 ≔ 0.178 m b3 ≔ 0.559 m hb ≔ 0.483 m

t1 ≔ 0.178 m t2 ≔ 0.114 m t3 ≔ 0.191 m t4 ≔ 0.178 m

3. Sección no compuesta: h ≔ t1 + t2 + hb + t3 + t4 = 1.144 m

Áreas:
b3 - b2
A1 ≔ b1 ⋅ t1 = 722.68 cm 2 A4 ≔ ――― ⋅ t3 = 181.928 cm 2
4
b1 - b2
A2 ≔ ――― ⋅ t2 = 64.98 cm 2 A5 ≔ b3 ⋅ t4 = 995.02 cm 2
4
A3 ≔ b2 ⋅ ⎛⎝t2 + hb + t3⎞⎠ = 1402.64 cm 2

Área total:
 Área total:

Aviga ≔ A1 + 2 ⋅ A2 + A3 + 2 ⋅ A4 + A5 = 3614.155 cm 2

Centroides:
t1 t2 + hb + t3
y1 ≔ ―+ t2 + hb + t3 + t4 = 105.5 cm y3 ≔ ―――― + t4 = 57.2 cm
2 2
2 1 t4
y2 ≔ ―⋅ t2 + hb + t3 + t4 = 92.8 cm y4 ≔ ―⋅ t3 + t4 = 24.167 cm y5 ≔ ―= 8.9 cm
3 3 2

Finalmente:
A1 ⋅ y1 + 2 ⋅ A2 ⋅ y2 + A3 ⋅ y3 + 2 ⋅ A4 ⋅ y4 + A5 ⋅ y5
yb ≔ ―――――――――――――― = 51.515 cm yt ≔ h - yb = 62.885 cm
Aviga

Momento de inercia:
1 2
IA1 ≔ ― ⋅ b1 ⋅ t1 3 + A1 ⋅ ⎛⎝y1 - yb⎞⎠ = ⎛⎝2.125 ⋅ 10 6 ⎞⎠ cm 4
12
1 b1 - b2 2
IA2 ≔ ― ⋅ ――― ⋅ t2 3 + A2 ⋅ ⎛⎝y2 - yb⎞⎠ = ⎛⎝1.112 ⋅ 10 5 ⎞⎠ cm 4
36 2
1 3 2
IA3 ≔ ― ⋅ b2 ⋅ ⎛⎝t2 + hb + t3⎞⎠ + A3 ⋅ ⎛⎝y3 - yb⎞⎠ = ⎛⎝7.711 ⋅ 10 5 ⎞⎠ cm 4
12
1 b3 - b2 2
IA4 ≔ ― ⋅ ――― ⋅ t3 3 + A4 ⋅ ⎛⎝y4 - yb⎞⎠ = ⎛⎝1.398 ⋅ 10 5 ⎞⎠ cm 4
36 2
1 2
IA5 ≔ ― ⋅ b3 ⋅ t4 3 + A5 ⋅ ⎛⎝y5 - yb⎞⎠ = ⎛⎝1.833 ⋅ 10 6 ⎞⎠ cm 4
12

Finalmente:

Iviga ≔ IA1 + 2 ⋅ IA2 + IA3 + 2 IA4 + IA5 = ⎛⎝5.232 ⋅ 10 6 ⎞⎠ cm 4

Módulos de sección:
Iviga Iviga
Sb ≔ ―― = ⎛⎝1.016 ⋅ 10 5 ⎞⎠ cm 3 St ≔ ―― = ⎛⎝8.319 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ cm 3
yb yt

4. Ancho del ala transformada:

((kgf )) 0.5 2 kgf
Eviga ≔ 15000 ――― f'cv = ⎛⎝2.806 ⋅ 10 5 ⎞⎠ ――
⋅ ‾‾‾
cm cm 2

((kgf )) 0.5 2 kgf

Elosa ≔ 15000 ――― f'cl = ⎛⎝2.51 ⋅ 10 5 ⎞⎠ ――
⋅ ‾‾‾
cm cm 2

Eviga S
n ≔ ――= 1.118 Ancho ≔ ―= 2.102 m
Elosa n

5. Sección compuesta:
5. Sección compuesta:
1.2 ⋅ ((S + 3000 mm ))
tS ≔ ――――――― = 214 mm tS = 0.214 m Elegir ts: tS ≔ 0.20 m
30
Alosa ≔ Ancho ⋅ tS = 4203.808 cm 2

Áreas:
Aviga = 3614.155 cm 2

Ac ≔ Aviga + Alosa = 7817.963 cm 2

Centroides: H ≔ h + tS = 134.4 cm
tS
ylosa ≔ ―+ h = 124.4 cm yb = 51.515 cm
2

Aviga ⋅ yb + Alosa ⋅ ylosa

ybc ≔ ――――――― = 90.706 cm ytc ≔ H - ybc = 43.694 cm y'tc ≔ h - ybc = 23.694 cm
Ac

Inercia: Iviga = ⎛⎝5.232 ⋅ 10 6 ⎞⎠ cm 4

2
I'viga ≔ Iviga + Aviga ⋅ ⎛⎝ybc - yb⎞⎠ = ⎛⎝1.078 ⋅ 10 7 ⎞⎠ cm 4
1 2
Ilosa ≔ ― ⋅ Ancho ⋅ tS 3 + Alosa ⋅ ⎛⎝ylosa - ybc⎞⎠ = ⎛⎝4.913 ⋅ 10 6 ⎞⎠ cm 4
12

Finalmente:

Ic ≔ I'viga + Ilosa = ⎛⎝1.57 ⋅ 10 7 ⎞⎠ cm 4

Módulos de sección:
Ic Ic
Sbc ≔ ―― = ⎛⎝1.73 ⋅ 10 5 ⎞⎠ cm 3 Stc ≔ ― = ⎛⎝3.592 ⋅ 10 5 ⎞⎠ cm 3
ybc ytc

6. Momento por carga muerta y asfalto:

6.1. Carga muerta:

kgf tonnef
γC ≔ 2400 ―― WB ≔ 0.5 ――― A = 12.2 m B = 11.5 m tv = 0.17 m
m3 m

A ⋅ tS ⋅ γC tonnef
Losa ≔ ―――= 1.171 ―――
5 m

tonnef
Viga ≔ Aviga ⋅ γC = 0.867 ―――
m

2 tonnef
Vereda ≔ tv ⋅ ⎛⎝m2 + m3⎞⎠ ⋅ γC ⋅ ―= 0.106 ―――
5 m

2 tonnef
Barrera ≔ WB ⋅ ―= 0.2 ―――
5 m
Total:
 2 tonnef
Barrera ≔ WB ⋅ ―= 0.2 ―――
5 m
Total:
tonnef
WDC ≔ Losa + Viga + Vereda + Barrera = 2.345 ―――
m

6.2. Carga de diafragmas: tD ≔ t4 = 0.178 m bD = 0.3 m

A1 A3
AD ≔ S ⋅ ⎛⎝h - tD⎞⎠ - ― - A2 - ― - A4 = 2.139 m 2
2 2
Viga interior: P1 ≔ AD ⋅ bD ⋅ γC = 1.54 tonnef

Viga exterior: P2 ≔ AD ⋅ bD ⋅ γC ⋅ 0.5 = 0.77 tonnef

kgf
6.3. Carga de asfalto: γDW ≔ 2250 ――
m3

0.05 m tonnef
WDW ≔ B ⋅ γDW ⋅ ――― = 0.259 ―――
5 m

7. Línea de influencia a una distancia "a" del apoyo:

a ≔ 15 m
⎛ a⎞
y ≔ a ⋅ ⎜1 - ―⎟ = 4.773 m
⎝ L⎠

L⋅y
Área ≔ ―― = 52.5 m 2
2

8. Cálculo de Momentos flectores por viga:

a) Carga muerta - losa:

MDC1 ≔ WDC ⋅ Área = 123.096 tonnef ⋅ m

b) Carga de asfalto:

MDW ≔ WDW ⋅ Área = 13.584 tonnef ⋅ m

30 m
c) Diafragmas: a cada: k ≔ 7.5 m #diafragmas ≔ ――+ 1 = 5
k
⎛ a⎞ ⎛ a⎞
Línea de I: y1 ≔ k ⋅ ⎜1 - ―⎟ = 2.386 m y2 ≔ k ⋅ 2 ⋅ ⎜1 - ― ⎟ = 4.773 m
⎝ L⎠ ⎝ L⎠

⎛ k⋅3⎞ ⎛ k⋅4⎞
y3 ≔ a ⋅ ⎜1 - ―― ⎟ = -0.341 m y4 ≔ a ⋅ ⎜1 - ―― ⎟ = -5.455 m
⎝ L ⎠ ⎝ L ⎠

Viga interior: MDC2 ≔ P1 ⋅ ⎛⎝y1 + y2 + y3 + y4⎞⎠ = 2.1 tonnef ⋅ m

Viga exterior: MDC3 ≔ P2 ⋅ ⎛⎝y1 + y2 + y3 + y4⎞⎠ = 1.05 tonnef ⋅ m

Finalmente:
 Finalmente:
MDW = 13.584 tonnef ⋅ m

Viga interior: M'DC ≔ MDC1 + MDC2 = 125.196 tonnef ⋅ m

Viga exterior: M''DC ≔ MDC1 + MDC3 = 124.146 tonnef ⋅ m

d) Carga HL-93: (Momento por vía)

Por interpolación: y1 ≔ 2.35 m y2 ≔ 4.5 m y3 ≔ 2.35 m y4 ≔ 3.9 m

MCamión ≔ 14.56 tonnef ⋅ y1 + 14.56 tonnef ⋅ y2 + 3.64 tonnef ⋅ y3 = 108.29 tonnef ⋅ m

MTándem ≔ 11.2 tonnef ⋅ y + 11.2 tonnef ⋅ y4 = 97.135 tonnef ⋅ m

tonnef
MCarril ≔ 0.96 ――― ⋅ Área = 50.4 tonnef ⋅ m
m

9. Cálculo del momento M(LL+I) para viga interior:

9.1. Parámetro de rigidez longitudinal: yt = 0.629 m n = 1.118

tS
eg ≔ ―+ yt = 728.851 mm
2
kg ≔ n ⋅ ⎛⎝Iviga + Aviga ⋅ eg 2 ⎞⎠ = ⎛⎝2.731 ⋅ 10 11⎞⎠ mm 4

9.2. Factor de distribución de carga para viga interior:

a) Para un carril cargado:

0.1 S = 2350 mm
⎛ S ⎞ 0.4 ⎛ S ⎞ 0.3 ⎛ kg ⎞
mgi1 ≔ 0.06 + ⎜―――― ⎟ ⋅ ―
⎜ ⎟ ⋅ ⎜ ――― ⎟ = 0.479 L = 22000 mm
⎝ 4300 mm ⎠ ⎝L⎠ 3
⎜⎝ L ⋅ tS ⎟⎠ tS = 200 mm

b) Para dos carriles cargados:

0.1
⎛ S ⎞ 0.6 ⎛ S ⎞ 0.2 ⎛ kg ⎞
mgi2 ≔ 0.075 + ⎜―――― ⎟ ⋅ ⎜― ⎟ ⋅ ⎜――― ⎟ = 0.664
⎝ 2900 mm ⎠ ⎝L⎠ 3
⎜⎝ L ⋅ tS ⎟⎠

Finalmente:

mgi ≔ max ⎛⎝mgi1 , mgi2⎞⎠ = 0.664

9.3. Momento por carga viva:

M'LL†I ≔ mgi ⋅ ⎛⎝max ⎛⎝MCamión , MTándem⎞⎠ ⋅ 1.33 + MCarril⎞⎠ = 129.073 tonnef ⋅ m

9.4. Corte: (Opcional)

 9.4. Corte: (Opcional)

a) Para un carril cargado:

S
mgv1 ≔ 0.36 + ―――― = 0.669
7600 mm

b) Para dos carriles cargados:

S ⎛ S ⎞2
mgv2 ≔ 0.2 + ―――― - ⎜―――― ⎟ = 0.805
3600 mm ⎝ 10700 mm ⎠

Finalmente:

mgvi ≔ max ⎛⎝mgv1 , mgv2⎞⎠ = 0.805

10. Cálculo del momento M(LL+I) para viga exterior:

10.1. Factor de distribución de carga para viga exterior:

a) Para un carril cargado:

S = 2.35 m m1 = 1.4 m m2 = 0.35 m

1
RA ≔ ―― ⋅ ⎛⎝S + m1 - m2 - 0.6 m + S + m1 - m2 - 2.4 m⎞⎠ = 0.809
2⋅S

mge1 ≔ 1.2 ⋅ RA = 0.97

b) Para dos carriles cargados:

mgi = 0.664

de ≔ m1 - m2 = ⎛⎝1.05 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ mm
de
e ≔ 0.77 + ―――― = 1.145
2800 mm
mge2 ≔ e ⋅ mgi = 0.76

Finalmente:

mge ≔ max ⎛⎝mge1 , mge2⎞⎠ = 0.97

10.2. Corte: (Opcional)

 10.2. Corte: (Opcional)

a) Para dos carriles cargados:

mgi = 0.664

de ≔ m1 - m2 = ⎛⎝1.05 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ mm
de
e ≔ 0.60 + ―――― = 0.95
3000 mm
mgve ≔ e ⋅ mgi = 0.631

10.3. Momento por carga viva:

MCamión = 108.29 tonnef ⋅ m MTándem = 97.135 tonnef ⋅ m MCarril = 50.4 tonnef ⋅ m

M''LL†I ≔ mge ⋅ ⎛⎝max ⎛⎝MCamión , MTándem⎞⎠ ⋅ 1.33 + MCarril⎞⎠ = 188.634 tonnef ⋅ m

11. Analizamos:

M'DC = 125.196 tonnef ⋅ m M'LL†I = 129.073 tonnef ⋅ m

M''DC = 124.146 tonnef ⋅ m M''LL†I = 188.634 tonnef ⋅ m

MDW = 13.584 tonnef ⋅ m

11.1. Estado de resistencia I:

Viga interior:

M'U ≔ 1.25 ⋅ M'DC + 1.5 ⋅ MDW + 1.75 ⋅ M'LL†I = 402.75 tonnef ⋅ m

Viga exterior:

M''U ≔ 1.25 ⋅ M''DC + 1.5 ⋅ MDW + 1.75 ⋅ M''LL†I = 505.669 tonnef ⋅ m

11.2. Estado de servicio I:

Viga interior:

M'U ≔ 1.0 ⋅ M'DC + 1.0 ⋅ MDW + 1.0 ⋅ M'LL†I = 267.853 tonnef ⋅ m

Viga exterior:

M''U ≔ 1.25 ⋅ M''DC + 1.5 ⋅ MDW + 1.75 ⋅ M''LL†I = 505.669 tonnef ⋅ m

11.3. Estado de servicio III:

Viga interior:

M'U ≔ 1.0 ⋅ M'DC + 1.0 ⋅ MDW + 1.0 ⋅ M'LL†I = 267.853 tonnef ⋅ m

 M'U ≔ 1.0 ⋅ M'DC + 1.0 ⋅ MDW + 1.0 ⋅ M'LL†I = 267.853 tonnef ⋅ m

Viga exterior:

M''U ≔ 1.25 ⋅ M''DC + 1.5 ⋅ MDW + 1.75 ⋅ M''LL†I = 505.669 tonnef ⋅ m

11.3. Estado por fatiga:

Viga interior:

M'U ≔ 0.75 ⋅ M'LL†I = 96.805 tonnef ⋅ m

Viga exterior:

M''U ≔ 0.75 ⋅ M''LL†I = 141.476 tonnef ⋅ m

12. Cálculo de la fuerza de tensado requerida: (Viga interior)

Combinación de barrera con asfalto:

M'DC = 125.196 tonnef ⋅ m
tonnef tonnef
Barrera = 0.2 ――― WDW = 0.259 ―――
m m
MD1 ≔ Barrera ⋅ Área + WDW ⋅ Área = 24.084 tonnef ⋅ m

a) Estado de servicio III: Recubrimiento: Re ≔ 10 cm

kgf 2 ‾‾‾‾‾
f'cv
f'cv = 350 ―― f'cv = 4.978 ksi a5 ≔ 1 ksi ――= 2.231 ksi
cm 2 1 ksi

1 1
a1 ≔ ――= 2.767 ―― a1 ≔ 1 m 2 ⋅ a1 = 2.767
Aviga m2

yb - Re 1
a2 ≔ ――― = 4.088 ―― a2 ≔ 1 m 2 ⋅ a2 = 4.088
Sb m2

M'DC kgf m2
a3 ≔ ――= ⎛⎝1.233 ⋅ 10 6 ⎞⎠ ―― a3 ≔ 1 ――― ⋅ a3 = 1.233 ⋅ 10 3
Sb m2 tonnef

MD1 + 0.8 ⋅ M'LL†I kgf m2

a4 ≔ ―――――― = ⎛⎝7.359 ⋅ 10 5 ⎞⎠ ―― a4 ≔ 1 ――― ⋅ a4 = 735.935
Sbc m2 tonnef

kgf m2
a5 = ⎛⎝1.569 ⋅ 10 6 ⎞⎠ ―― a5 ≔ 1 ――― ⋅ a5 = 1.569 ⋅ 10 3
m2 tonnef
Elegir P:
solve , P
-a1 ⋅ P - a2 ⋅ P + a3 + a4 < 0.19 ⋅ a5 ――― → P > 243.72246342360052682 P ≔ 243.7 tonnef

13. Área de los cables: (Viga interior)

13. Área de los cables: (Viga interior)

a) Pérdidas de esfuerzo de tensión en el cable 20%:

P
Pajuste_inicial ≔ ―― = 304.625 tonnef
0.8

kgf
b) Tensado de ajuste inicial 75%fpu: fpu = 17600 ――
cm 2
kgf
fp_ajuste ≔ 0.75 ⋅ fpu = 13200 ――
cm 2

Finalmente:
Pajuste_inicial
Aps ≔ ――――= 23.078 cm 2 Elegir: Aps ≔ 46 cm 2
fp_ajuste

14. Número de torones:

Considerando torones de 1/2":

Aps
#torones ≔ ―――― = 46.606 Elegir: #torones ≔ 48
0.987 cm 2

área real del cable:

Aps ≔ #torones ⋅ 0.987 cm 2 = 47.376 cm 2

15. Cálculo de la fuerza de tensado requerida: (Viga exterior)

Combinación de barrera con asfalto:

M''DC = 124.146 tonnef ⋅ m
tonnef tonnef
Barrera = 0.2 ――― WDW = 0.259 ―――
m m
MD1 ≔ Barrera ⋅ Área + WDW ⋅ Área = 24.084 tonnef ⋅ m

a) Estado de servicio III: Recubrimiento: Re ≔ 10 cm

kgf 2 ‾‾‾‾‾
f'cv
f'cv = 350 ―― f'cv = 4.978 ksi a5 ≔ 1 ksi ――= 2.231 ksi
cm 2 1 ksi

1 1
a1 ≔ ――= 2.767 ―― a1 ≔ 1 m 2 ⋅ a1 = 2.767
Aviga m2

yb - Re 1
a2 ≔ ――― = 4.088 ―― a2 ≔ 1 m 2 ⋅ a2 = 4.088
Sb m2

M''DC kgf m2
a3 ≔ ――= ⎛⎝1.222 ⋅ 10 6 ⎞⎠ ―― a3 ≔ 1 ――― ⋅ a3 = 1.222 ⋅ 10 3
Sb m2 tonnef

MD1 + 0.8 ⋅ M'LL†I kgf m2

a4 ≔ ―――――― = ⎛⎝7.359 ⋅ 10 5 ⎞⎠ ―― a4 ≔ 1 ――― ⋅ a4 = 735.935
Sbc m2 tonnef

m2
a5 ≔ 1 ――― ⋅ a5 = 1.569 ⋅ 10 3
tonnef
 MD1 + 0.8 ⋅ M'LL†I kgf m2
a4 ≔ ―――――― = ⎛⎝7.359 ⋅ 10 5 ⎞⎠ ―― a4 ≔ 1 ――― ⋅ a4 = 735.935
Sbc m2 tonnef

kgf m2
a5 = ⎛⎝1.569 ⋅ 10 6 ⎞⎠ ―― a5 ≔ 1 ――― ⋅ a5 = 1.569 ⋅ 10 3
m2 tonnef
Elegir P:
solve , P'
-a1 ⋅ P' - a2 ⋅ P' + a3 + a4 < 0.19 ⋅ a5 ――― → P' > 242.21397109735039333 P ≔ 242.2 tonnef

16. Área de los cables: (Viga exterior)

a) Pérdidas de esfuerzo de tensión en el cable 20%:

P
Pajuste_inicial ≔ ―― = 302.75 tonnef
0.8

kgf
b) Tensado de ajuste inicial 75%fpu: fpu = 17600 ――
cm 2
kgf
fp_ajuste ≔ 0.75 ⋅ fpu = 13200 ――
cm 2

Finalmente:
Pajuste_inicial
Aps ≔ ――――= 22.936 cm 2 Elegir: Aps ≔ 44 cm 2
fp_ajuste

14. Número de torones:

Considerando torones de 1/2":

Aps
#torones ≔ ―――― = 44.58 Elegir: #torones ≔ 46
0.987 cm 2

área real del cable:

Aps ≔ #torones ⋅ 0.987 cm 2 = 45.402 cm 2

15. Cálculo de esfuerzos en el concreto en servicio:

15.1. Fibra superior de la viga:

a) Carga permanente: