DISEÑO DE ESCALERA

Diseñar la escalera de un tramo que se muestra en la figura adjunta. f'c=175

kg/cm2, fy=4200kg/cm2, s/c=500kg/cm2. Paso=25cm y Contrapaso 18cm.

kg
fy ≔ 4200 ――
cm 2 P ≔ 25 cm
CP ≔ 18 cm
kg
f'c ≔ 175 ――
cm 2

kg
s.c ≔ 500 ―― b≔1 m
m2

kg
Pesp ≔ 2400 ――
m3

1. Predimensionamiento:

ln ≔ 2 m + 1.2 m = 3.2 m
ln ln ((t1 + t2))
t1 ≔ ― = 0.16 m t2 ≔ ― = 0.128 m -----> t ≔ ―――= 0.144 m
20 25 2
t ≔ 0.15 m
P
cosθ ≔ ――――= 0.812
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
P 2 + CP 2

t CP
hm ≔ ―― + ―― = 0.275 m
cosθ 2

2. Metrados:
Tramo 1 Tramo 2
kg kg
PpT1 ≔ hm ⋅ b ⋅ Pesp = 659.604 ― PpT2 ≔ t ⋅ b ⋅ Pesp = 360 ―
m m
kg kg kg kg
PacabT1 ≔ 100 ―― ⋅ b = 100 ― PacabT2 ≔ 100 ―― ⋅ b = 100 ―
m2 m m 2
m
kg kg
CM1 ≔ PpT1 + PacabT1 = 759.604 ― CM2 ≔ PpT2 + PacabT2 = 460 ―
m m
kg kg
CV1 ≔ s.c ⋅ b = 500 ― CV2 ≔ s.c ⋅ b = 500 ―
m m
kg
C1 ≔ 1.4 CM1 + 1.7 CV1 = 1913.446 ―
m
k
 kg
C2 ≔ 1.4 CM2 + 1.7 CV2 = 1494 ―
m

3. Cálculo del momento máximo "Mmax"

L1 ≔ 2.20 m
L2 ≔ 1.325 m
L2 2 ⎛ L1 ⎞
C2 ⋅ ―― + C1 ⋅ L1 ⋅ ⎜L2 + ―― ⎟
2 ⎝ 2 ⎠
R1 ≔ ―――――――――― = 3267.996 kg
L2 + L1

Mmax ----> R1 - C1.X = 0

R1 X2
X ≔ ―― = 1.708 m Mmax ≔ R1 ⋅ X - C1 ⋅ ―― = 2790.724 kg ⋅ m
C1 2

α≔1
Mdis ≔ α ⋅ Mmax = 2790.724 kg ⋅ m Mu ≔ Mdis = 279072.358 kg ⋅ cm

4. Cálculo del acero principal

Mu = ϕf'c ⋅ b ⋅ d 2 ⋅ w ((1 - 0.59 w))

ϕ ≔ 0.9
r ≔ 2 cm + 0.65 cm = 2.65 cm ; Para varillas de 1/2"
d ≔ t - r = 12.35 cm

ϕ ⋅ f'c ⋅ b ⋅ d 2 = 2402229.375 kg ⋅ cm

Determinamos manualmente "w"

solve , w ⎡ 0.12545878038915644217 ⎤
279072.358 - 2402229.374 ⋅ w ⋅ ((1 - 0.59 w)) ――― →⎢
⎣ 1.5694564738481316934 ⎥⎦
w ≔ 0.1255
f'c ⋅ b ⋅ d ⋅ w
As ≔ ―――― = 6.458 cm 2
fy

Empleando Varillas de 1/2"

Diamϕ0.5'' ≔ 0.5 in
Diamϕ0.5'' 2
Asϕ0.5'' ≔ π ⋅ ――――― = 1.267 cm 2
4
As
N.Varll ≔ ―――= 5.098 Unidades Nvar ≔ 5
Asϕ0.5''
 b - ((2 ⋅ 4 cm + 2 ⋅ Diamϕ0.5''))
Separación ≔ ――――――――― = 17.892 cm
Nvar

4. Cálculo de acero negativo

1
As.neg ≔ ―As = 3.229 cm 2
2
As.min ≔ 0.0018 ⋅ b ⋅ d = 2.223 cm 2

Empleando varillas de 3/8''

3
Diamϕ3'8'' ≔ ―in
8
Diamϕ3'8'' 2
Asϕ3'8'' ≔ π ⋅ ―――― = 0.713 cm 2
4
As.neg
N.Varll ≔ ―――= 4.532 Unidades Nvar.neg ≔ 5
Asϕ3'8''

b - ((2 ⋅ 4 cm + 2 ⋅ Diamϕ3'8''))
Separación ≔ ―――――――――= 18.019 cm
Nvar.neg

5. Cálculo del acero de temperatira

As.temp ≔ 0.0018 ⋅ 100 cm ⋅ t = 2.7 cm 2

Empleando varillas de 3/8''

3
Diamϕ3'8'' ≔ ―in
8
Diamϕ3'8'' 2
Asϕ3'8'' ≔ π ⋅ ―――― = 0.713 cm 2
4
As.temp
N.Varll ≔ ―――= 3.789 Unidades Nvar.temp ≔ 4
Asϕ3'8''

100 cm
Separación ≔ ――――= 25 cm
Nvar.temp

6. Verificación por corte

Vu ≔ R1 = 3267.996 kg

ϕ ≔ 0.75
1
―
Vu.verf ≔ ϕ ⋅ 0.53 ⋅ ‾‾‾ 2
f'c ⋅ b ⋅ d ⋅ kg ⋅ cm -1 = 6494.162 kg

Si Vu.verf > Vu, No requiere estribos por corte, sinó diseñar.