Proyecto de Puente tipo losa

Datos:
tonf
PEc ≔ 2.4 ―― L ≔ 16 m
m3
tonf
PEasf ≔ 2.25 ――
m3
tasf ≔ 2 in
kgf
f'c ≔ 280 ――
cm 2
kgf
fy ≔ 4200 ――
cm 2

tonf
Baranda: W'bar ≔ 0.0 ―― #barandas ≔ 2
m

Vereda: tver ≔ 0 m bver ≔ 0.0 m #veredas ≔ 2

Berma: tber ≔ 0 m bber ≔ 0 m #bermas ≔ 1

tonf
Barrera: W'barr ≔ 0.6 ―― bbarr ≔ 0.40 m #barreras ≔ 2
m

Metrado de cargas

#carriles ≔ 2

bcarril ≔ 3.6 m

W ≔ #carriles ⋅ bcarril + #veredas ⋅ bver + #bermas ⋅ bber + #barreras ⋅ bbarr = 8 m

((valor - norma))

S ≔ L = 16 m

((S + 10 ft)) ((S + 10 ft ))

tS ≥ ――――Table 2.5.2.6.3-1 AASHTO aprox ≔ 0.2 cm tS ≔ ―――― = 0.635 m tS ≔ Ceil ⎛⎝tS , aprox⎞⎠ = 63.6 cm
30 30
a ≔ 1.5 cm ancho sacrificable tS ≔ tS + a = 65.1 cm aprox ≔ 5 cm tS ≔ Ceil ⎛⎝tS , aprox⎞⎠ = 70 cm ≥ 0.54 ft = 16 cm

L ≔ min ((L , 60 ft )) = 16 m W ≔ min ((W , 30 ft )) = 8 m Sección 4.6.2.3 AASHTO

W ⎛ W ⎞
E ≔ 7 ft + 0.12 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾
L ⋅ W = 3.491 m ≤ ―――― =4 m Sección 4.6.2.3 AASHTO E ≔ min ⎜E , ―――― ⎟ = 3.491 m
#carriles ⎝ #carriles ⎠

3. Cálculo de cargas:

a) DC:
tonf
Wtab ≔ 1 m ⋅ tS ⋅ PEc = 1.68 ――
m

⎛⎝#veredas ⋅ bver ⋅ tver ⋅ PEc ⋅ 1 m⎞⎠ tonf

Wver ≔ ――――――――――= 0 ――
E m

⎛⎝#bermas ⋅ bber ⋅ tber ⋅ PEc ⋅ 1 m⎞⎠ tonf

Wber ≔ ――――――――――= 0 ――
E m

⎛⎝#barandas ⋅ W'bar ⋅ 1 m⎞⎠ tonf

Wbar ≔ ――――――――= 0 ――
E m

⎛⎝#barreras ⋅ W'barr ⋅ 1 m⎞⎠ tonf

Wbarr ≔ ――――――――= 0.344 ――
E m
 ⎛⎝#barreras ⋅ W'barr ⋅ 1 m⎞⎠ tonf
Wbarr ≔ ――――――――= 0.344 ――
E m

tonf
WDC ≔ Wtab = 1.68 ―― Se tienen entonces el
m total de cargas muertas:

b) DW:
tonf
Wasf ≔ tasf ⋅ ((1 m)) ⋅ PEasf = 0.114 ――
m

4. Líneas de influencia:

Considerando la siguiente
distribución de cargas, entonces:

L
―= 4 m
4

Momento positivo: y1 ≔ 1.85 m y2 ≔ 1.85 m y3 ≔ 2.35 m y4 ≔ 3.9 m

Momento negativo: y5 ≔ 2.35 m y6 ≔ 4.5 m y7 ≔ 2.35 m y8 ≔ 3.9 m

Áreapos ≔ 32 m 2 Áreaneg ≔ 0 m 2 Áreatotal ≔ Áreapos + Áreaneg = 32 m 2

**Tandem de diseño:

⎛L⎞
―
⎛L ⎞ ⎜ 4 ⎟ solve , y11
y11 ＝ ⎜―- 1.20 m⎟ ⋅ ⎜―⎟ ――― →?
⎝2 ⎠ ⎜L⎟
⎜―⎟
⎝2⎠
y11 ≔ 3.4 m

5. Cálculo de Momentos flectores por viga:

a) MDC ≔ WDC ⋅ Áreatotal = ? tonf ⋅ m

L
b) MCDIS ≔ 3.63 tonf ⋅ y1 + 14.51 tonf ⋅ ―+ 14.51 tonf ⋅ y2 = ? tonf ⋅ m
4

L
MTANDEM ≔ 11.34 tonf ⋅ y11 + 11.34 tonf ⋅ ―= ? tonf ⋅ m MHL ≔ max ⎛⎝MCDIS , MTANDEM⎞⎠ = ? tonne ⋅ m
4

⎛ tonf ⎞
MCARRIL ≔ ⎜0.952 ―― ⎟ ⋅ Áreapos = 30.464 tonf ⋅ m
⎝ m ⎠

MHL93 ≔ 1.33 ⋅ ((MHL)) + MCARRIL = ? tonf ⋅ m

MHL93
MLL ≔ ――― = ? tonf
E

c) MDW ≔ Wasf ⋅ Áreatotal = ? tonf ⋅ m

d) MU1 ≔ 1.25 ⋅ ⎛⎝MDC⎞⎠ + 1.50 ⋅ ⎛⎝MDW⎞⎠ + 1.75 ⋅ ⎛⎝MLL⎞⎠ ⋅ 1 m = ? tonf ⋅ m

6. Diseño de Losa: ϕf ≔ 0.9 b≔1 m d ≔ tS - 4 cm = ?

6. Diseño de Losa: ϕf ≔ 0.9 b≔1 m d ≔ tS - 4 cm = ?

MU1 1 tonnef kgf fy 1 ⎛ 2 ⋅ m' ⋅ KU1 ⎞

2 ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
KU1 ≔ ――― 2
⋅ ―――― = ? ―― m' ≔ ―――= ? ρ ≔ ― ⋅ ⎜1 - 1 - ―――― ⎟=?
ϕf ⋅ b ⋅ d 1 tonf cm 2 0.85 ⋅ f'c m' ⎜⎝ fy ⎟⎠

As1 ≔ ρ ⋅ b ⋅ d = ? cm 2

Normalmente se refuerzan las losas con:

ϕs1 ≔ 1 in

π ⋅ ϕs1 2
Aϕs1 ≔ ――― = 5.067 cm 2
4

Aϕs1
Esp ≔ ――= ? cm
As1
Elegir : Esp ≔ 7 cm

Luego en franja interior (Acero +, Zona Usar: Φ 1'' @ 0.07m

inf. en tracción =

II. Diseño de FRANJA DE BORDE:

E=?
E ⎛ E⎞
Eb ≔ bver + bbarr + 12 in + ―= ? Eb ≔ min ⎜Eb , 72 in , ―⎟ = ?
4 ⎝ 2⎠

a) MLL: Para un solo carril, factor m = 1.2

m ⋅ MHL93
m ≔ 1.2 Con una llanta MHL93 ≔ ―――― = ? tonf ⋅ m
2

MHL93
MLL ≔ ――― = ? tonf
Eb

b) DC:
tonf tonf tonf
Wtab = ? ―― Wver = ? ―― Wbarr = ? ――
m m m

tonf tonf
Wber = ? ―― Wbar = ? ――
m m

tonf
WDC ≔ Wtab + Wver + Wbar + Wbarr = ? ――
m

MDC ≔ WDC ⋅ Áreatotal = ? tonf ⋅ m

c) DW:
Wasf ⋅ ⎛⎝Eb - bver - bbarr⎞⎠ tonf
Wasf ≔ ――――――― = ? ――
Eb m

MDW ≔ Wasf ⋅ Áreatotal = ? tonf ⋅ m

d) MU2 ≔ ((1.25)) ⋅ ⎛⎝MDC⎞⎠ + 1.50 ⋅ ⎛⎝MDW⎞⎠ + 1.75 ⋅ ⎛⎝MLL⎞⎠ ⋅ 1 m = ? tonf ⋅ m

Diseño de Losa: ϕf ≔ 0.9 b≔1 m d ≔ tS - 4 cm = ? cm

MU2 1 tonnef kgf fy 1 ⎛ 2 ⋅ m' ⋅ ⎛⎝KU2⎞⎠ ⎞

2 ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
KU2 ≔ ――― 2
⋅ ―――― = ? ―― m' ≔ ―――= ? ρ ≔ ― ⋅ ⎜1 - 1 - ――――⎟ = ?
ϕf ⋅ b ⋅ d 1 ⋅ tonf cm 2 0.85 ⋅ f'c m' ⎜⎝ fy ⎟⎠

As2 ≔ ρ ⋅ b ⋅ d = ? cm 2

Normalmente se refuerzan las losas con:

ϕs2 ≔ 1 in

π ⋅ ϕs2 2
Aϕs2 ≔ ――― = 5.067 cm 2
4

Aϕs2
Esp ≔ ――= ? cm
As2
Elegir : Esp ≔ 6 cm

Luego en franja de borde (Acero -, Zona Usar: Φ 1'' @ 0.06m

sup. en compresión =

Acero mínimo

kgf kgf
fr ≔ 2.01 ⋅ ‾‾‾
f'c = ? fr ≔ fr ⋅ ―― 2
= ? ――
cm cm 2

b ⋅ tS 2
Sc ≔ ――= ? cm 3
6

Mcr ≔ 1.1 ⋅ fr ⋅ Sc = ? tonf ⋅ m Ecuación 5.6. AASHTO

1.33 ⋅ MU2 = ? tonf ⋅ m (borde)

1.33 MU1 = ? tonf ⋅ m (interior)

Mmin ≔ min ⎛⎝Mcr , 1.33 ⋅ MU1 , 1.33 MU2⎞⎠ = ? tonf ⋅ m Mmin ≔ 18.65 tonf ⋅ m

Mmin 1 tonnef kgf fy 1 ⎛ 2 ⋅ m ⋅ KUmin ⎞

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
KUmin ≔ ――― 2
⋅ ―――― = ? ―― m ≔ ―――= ? ρ ≔ ― ⎜1 - 1 - ――――⎟ = ?
ϕf ⋅ b ⋅ d 1 ⋅ tonf cm 2 0.85 ⋅ f'c m ⎜⎝ fy ⎟⎠

Asmin ≔ ρ ⋅ b ⋅ d = ? cm 2

As2 = ? cm 2 > Asmin = ? cm 2

As1 = ? cm 2 > Asmin = ? cm 2

kg ⋅ m
Aϕ5.8'' ≔ 1.98 cm 2 b ≔ W = 800 cm h = 0 ――― ⋅ cm
s

0.18 ⋅ b ⋅ tS ⎛ 1 ⎞ cm 2
AsCYT ≔ ―――― ⋅ ⎜―― ⎟ = ? ―― Ecuación 5.10.6-1 Lo que esta en paréntesis no se copia osea el 1/100
2 ⎛⎝b + tS⎞⎠ ⎝ 100 ⎠ m

Aϕ5.8'' cm 2 cm 2
s ≔ ――― =? m 2.33 ―― ≤ AsCYT ≤ 12.7 ――
AsCYT m m

Sección 5.6.7 AASHTO d Este no tiene unidades solo

c
βs ≔ 1 + ―――― = ? lo pongo para que la
0.7 ⋅ ⎝tS - dc⎞⎠
⎛ ecuación siguiente cumpla
dimensionalmente
Sección 5.6.7 AASHTO d Este no tiene unidades solo
c kgf kgf
dc ≔ 4 cm βs ≔ 1 + ―――― = ? fss ≔ 0.6 ⋅ fy = ? ―― γc ≔ 1 ―― lo pongo para que la
0.7 ⋅ ⎝tS - dc⎞⎠
⎛ cm 2 cm ecuación siguiente cumpla
dimensionalmente

125000 γc Aϕ5.8''
Smax ≔ ―――― - 2 ⋅ dc = ? m > s ≔ ――― =? m Si no cumple se elije una separación menor al máximo
βs ⋅ fss AsCYT

s ≔ Trunc ⎛⎝min ⎛⎝Smax , s⎞⎠ , 0.1 m⎞⎠ = ? Para este caso se eligió esta separación

Acero de distribución

100 ⎛ 1 ⎞
―― ⋅ ⎜―― ⎟=? ≤ 50% Sección 9.7.3.2 AASHTO
S ⎝ 100 ⎠
‾‾

100 ⎛ 1 ⎞ 2
Asd ≔ ―― ⋅ ⎜―― ⎟ ⋅ As2 = ? cm Lo que esta en paréntesis no se copia osea el 1/100
S ⎝ 100 ⎠
‾‾

Aϕ5.8''
s ≔ ――― =?
Asd