MURO DE HORMIGÓN ARMADO SIN SOBRECARGA- (MKS)

Diseñar el muro de hormigón armado que va con los siguientes datos (muros sin sobrecargas):
Datos:
tonne
Altura del Muro H≔5 m Peso Específico relleno w ≔ 2 ――
m3
Ángulo del talud ϕ ≔ 36 ° Ángulo de rozamiento α ≔ 29 °

tonne
Presión admisible del suelo qu ≔ 8 ―― Ancho de diseño b≔1 m
m2
tonne
Peso Específico del Hormigón γHA ≔ 2.4 ――
Simple m3
kg
Resistencia a compresión del Hormigón: f`c ≔ 210 ――
cm 2
kg
Esfuerzo de fluencia del acero: fy ≔ 4200 ――
cm 2
1. Empuje del relleno explicit tonne 2
2 2 ――⋅ (5 m) 2
w ⋅ H2 ⎛ ⎛ ϕ ⎞⎞ ALL m3 ⎛ 36 ° ⎞
E ≔ ―― ⎜tan ⎜45 ° - ― ⎟⎟ ⋅ b ―― → ――――― tan ⎜45 ° - ―― ⎟ ⋅ 1 m = 6.49 tonne
2 ⎝ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎠ 2 ⎝ 2 ⎠
2. Posición de la resultante del Empuje

H explicit , ALL 5 m
y ≔ ――――― → ―― = 1.67 m
3 3
3. Predimensionamiento del Muro
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
E⋅y
aT ≔ 2.83 ⋅ ――― = 2.94 m aT ≔ 2.70 m
w⋅H⋅m
Hzapata ≔ 5% H = 0.25 m f ≔ 1.6 Hzapata ≔ 25 cm

Ma ≔ E ⋅ y = 10.82 tonne ⋅ m
Mu ≔ Ma ⋅ f = 17.31 tonne ⋅ m Mu = ⎛⎝1.73 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ kg ⋅ m
kg
210 ――
f`c explicit , ALL cm 2
ρdef ≔ 0.18 ⋅ ― ―――― → 0.18 ⋅ ―――― = 0.009
fy kg
4200 ――
cm 2
⎛ fy ⎞ kg
Rudef ≔ ρdef ⋅ fy ⋅ ⎜1 - 0.59 ⋅ ρdef ⋅ ―⎟ = 33.786 ――
⎝ f`c ⎠ cm 2

Mu
Ru ＝ ――― ϕ ≔ 0.9
ϕ ⋅ b ⋅ d2

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
Mu explicit , ALL ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
17.307745578833313 ⋅ m ⋅ tonne
d≔ ―――― ―――― → ――――――――― = 23.86 cm
ϕ ⋅ b ⋅ Rudef 33.78564 ⋅ kg
0.9 ⋅ 1 m ⋅ ――――
cm 2
Ancho del Muro:
c＝d + r r ≔ 5 cm
c ≔ d + r = 28.86 cm c ≔ 25 cm
 aT aT
a1 ≔ ― = 1.35 m a2 ≔ ― = 1.35 m
2 2
ar ≔ a2 - c = 1.1 m

4. Cálculo Peso y Momento de cada elemento

Pantalla: explicit , ALL

V1 ≔ c ⋅ H ⋅ b ―――― → 25 cm ⋅ 5 m ⋅ 1 m = 1.25 m 3
explicit , ALL tonne
P1 ≔ V1 ⋅ γHA ―――― → 1.25 ⋅ m 3 ⋅ 2.4 ――= 3 tonne
m3
c explicit , ALL 25 cm
d1 ≔ ― + a1 ―――― → ――+ 1.35 ⋅ m = 1.48 m
2 2
explicit , ALL
M1 ≔ P1 ⋅ d1 ―――― → 3 ⋅ tonne ⋅ 1.475 ⋅ m = 4.43 tonne ⋅ m

Cimentación: explicit , ALL

V2 ≔ aT ⋅ Hzapata ⋅ b ―――― → 2.70 m ⋅ 25 cm ⋅ 1 m = 0.68 m 3
explicit , ALL tonne
P2 ≔ V2 ⋅ γHA ―――― → 0.675 ⋅ m 3 ⋅ 2.4 ――= 1.62 tonne
m3
aT explicit , ALL 2.70 m
d2 ≔ ― ―――― → ――― = 1.35 m
2 2
explicit , ALL
M2 ≔ P2 ⋅ d2 ―――― → 1.62 ⋅ tonne ⋅ 1.35 ⋅ m = 2.19 tonne ⋅ m

Relleno: explicit , ALL

V3 ≔ ar ⋅ H ⋅ b ―――― → 1.1 ⋅ m ⋅ 5 m ⋅ 1 m = 5.5 m 3
explicit , ALL tonne
P3 ≔ V3 ⋅ w ―――― → 5.5 ⋅ m 3 ⋅ 2 ――= 11 tonne
m3
ar explicit , ALL 1.1 ⋅ m
d3 ≔ ― + c + a1 ―――― → ―― + 25 cm + 1.35 ⋅ m = 2.15 m
2 2
explicit , ALL
M3 ≔ P3 ⋅ d3 ―――― → 11 ⋅ tonne ⋅ 2.15 ⋅ m = 23.65 tonne ⋅ m

Carga y Momento Total:

Ptotal ≔ P1 + P2 + P3 = 15.62 tonne Mtotal ≔ M1 + M2 + M3 = 30.26 tonne ⋅ m

5. Condiciones de Equilibrio
a. 1/3 medio de la base:
Mtotal E⋅y
x ≔ ―― = 1.94 m x` ≔ ―― = 0.69 m
Ptotal Ptotal
aT
R ≔ x - x` = 1.24 m ―= 0.9 m ‖
3 aT
Verificación ⎛⎝aT⎞⎠ ≔ ‖ if R > ―
‖ 3
‖ ‖
‖ ‖ “OK, Sí Cumple”
‖ aT
Verificación ⎛⎝aT⎞⎠ = “OK, Sí Cumple” ‖ else if R < ―
‖ 3
‖ ‖ “NO Cumple”
‖ ‖
 ‖
b. Volcamiento:
Mr ≔ Ptotal ⋅ x = 30.26 tonne ⋅ m
Mr Ptotal ⋅ x ‖ Mr
―― ＝ ――― Ma ≔ E ⋅ y = 10.82 tonne ⋅ m Verificación (b) ≔ ‖ if ―― >2
Ma E⋅y ‖ Ma
‖ ‖
‖ ‖ “OK, Sí Cumple”
Mr Mr ‖ Mr
―― = 2.8 ―― >2 Verificación (b) = “OK, Sí Cumple” ‖ else if ―― <2
Ma Ma ‖ Ma
‖ ‖
c. Rozamiento o deslizamiento: ‖‖ ‖ “NO Cumple”

E ‖ E
―― ≤ρ ρ ≔ tan (α) → tan (29 ⋅ °) = 0.55 Verificación (c) ≔ ‖ if ―― ≤ρ
Ptotal ‖ Ptotal
‖ ‖
E ‖ ‖ “OK, Sí Cumple”
―― = 0.42
Ptotal ‖
Verificación (c) = “OK, Sí Cumple” ‖ else if ――> ρ
E
‖ Ptotal
‖ ‖ “NO Cumple”
d. Reacción Neta del Suelo: ‖ ‖

aT tonne
e≔― - R = 0.11 m qu = 8 ――
2 m2
Ptotal ⎛ 6 e⎞ tonne
RNS1 ≔ ―― ⎜1 + ―― ⎟ = 7.14 ―― Verificación (e) ≔ ‖‖ if RNS1 ≤ qu
aT ⋅ b ⎝ aT ⎠ m2 ‖ ‖‖ “OK, Sí Cumple”
‖
Ptotal ⎛ ‖ else if RNS1 > qu
6 e⎞ tonne ‖ ‖ “NO Cumple”
RNS2 ≔ ―― ⎜1 - ―― ⎟ = 4.43 ―― ‖ ‖
aT ⋅ b ⎝ aT ⎠ m2 Verificación (e) = “OK, Sí Cumple”
6. Diseño de acero de la pantalla
Acero Vertical:

Mu
Ru ＝ ――― ϕ ≔ 0.9 rp ≔ 5 cm dp ≔ c - rp = 0.2 m
ϕ ⋅ b ⋅ d2
Ma = 10.82 tonne ⋅ m Mu ≔ Ma ⋅ f = 17.31 tonne ⋅ m f = 1.6

Mu kg
Ru ≔ ―――= 48.08 ――
ϕ ⋅ b ⋅ dp 2 cm 2
Mu
k ≔ ――――= 0.2289
ϕ ⋅ f`c ⋅ b ⋅ dp 2

1 - ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
1 - 2.36 k
q ≔ ―――――= 0.273
1.18
f`c ⎛ 2 Ru ⎞
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
ρcal ≔ 0.85 ⋅ ―⋅ ⎜1 - 1 - ――― ⎟ = 0.0136
fy ⎝ 0.85 ⋅ f`c ⎠
f`c
ρdef ≔ q ⋅ ―= 0.0136
fy
ρmin ≔ 0.0015 ρmin ＝ 0.0012 ⋅ (ϕ ≤ 16 mm) ;0.0015 ⋅ (ϕ > 16 mm)
β1 ≔ 0.85 ⎛ kg ⎞
⎜ 6120 ―― ⎟
f`c ⎜ cm 2 ⎟
ρb ≔ β1 ⋅ 0.85 ⋅ ―⋅ ―――――= 0.0214
fy ⎜ kg ⎟
⎜ 6120 ―― 2
+ fy ⎟
⎝ cm ⎠
ρmax_sism ≔ 0.5 ⋅ ρb = 0.0107
 ‖ ‖ ‖
ρmin ≔ ‖ if ρdef < ρmin = 0.0136 ρd ≔ ‖ if ρcal < ρmin = “Usar ρ_min” ρd ≔ ‖ if ρcal < ρb = “Usar ρ_cal”
‖ ‖ ρmin ‖ ‖ “Usar ρ_min” ‖ ‖ “Usar ρ_cal”
‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖
‖ else if ρdef > ρmin ‖ else if ρcal > ρmin ‖ else if ρcal > 0.5 ρb
‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ “Usar ρ_cal” ‖ ‖ “RECALCULAR”
‖ ‖ ρdef ‖ ‖
‖ ‖ ‖
‖
‖
ρ ≔ ρmin = 0.0136
Cálculo del área de ácero:
As ≔ ρ ⋅ b ⋅ dp = 27.29 cm 2
Barrasv_Nº ≔ 20 mm Ab ≔ 3.14 cm 2 db ≔ 20 mm
As
#Barrasv ≔ ― = 8.69 #Barrasv = 9
Ab

Acero Horizontal: ρH ≔ 0.0020 ρmin ＝ 0.0020 ⋅ (ϕ ≤ 16 mm) ;0.0025 ⋅ (ϕ > 16 mm)

Cálculo del área de ácero:
As ≔ ρH ⋅ b ⋅ dp = 4 cm 2
Barrash_Nº ≔ 16 mm Ab ≔ 2.01 cm 2 db ≔ 16 mm
As
#Barrash ≔ ― = 1.99 #Barrash ≔ 2 #Barrash ≔ 2 ⋅ #Barrash
Ab

7. Diseño de acero de la zapata ⎛⎝RNS1 + RNS2⎞⎠ tonne

l ≔ a1 = 1.35 m W ≔ ――――― ⋅ b = 5.79 ――
2 m
W ⋅ l2
Ma2 ≔ ――= 5.27 tonne ⋅ m Mu2 ≔ Ma2 ⋅ f = 8.43 tonne ⋅ m f = 1.6
2
kg
210 ――
f`c explicit , ALL cm 2
ρdef ≔ 0.18 ⋅ ― ―――― → 0.18 ⋅ ―――― = 0.009
fy kg
4200 ――
cm 2
⎛ fy ⎞ kg
Rudef ≔ ρdef ⋅ fy ⋅ ⎜1 - 0.59 ⋅ ρdef ⋅ ―⎟ = 33.786 ――
⎝ f`c ⎠ cm 2
Mu
Ru ＝ ――― ϕ ≔ 0.9
ϕ ⋅ b ⋅ d2
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
Mu2 explicit , ALL ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
8.434800000000001 ⋅ m ⋅ tonne
dcal ≔ ―――― ―――― → ―――――――――= 16.66 cm
ϕ ⋅ b ⋅ Rudef 33.78564 ⋅ kg
0.9 ⋅ 1 m ⋅ ――――
cm 2
dzapata ＝ Hzapata - r r ≔ 7.50 cm Verificación ⎛⎝dzapata⎞⎠ ≔ ‖‖ if dcal ≤ dzapata
‖ ‖‖ “OK, Sí Cumple”
‖
dzapata ≔ Hzapata - r = 17.5 cm ‖ else if dcal > dzapata
Verificación ⎛⎝dzapata⎞⎠ = “OK, Sí Cumple” ‖ ‖ “NO Cumple”
‖ ‖
M
 Mu2 kg
Ru ≔ ―――― = 30.6 ――
2
ϕ ⋅ b ⋅ dzapata cm 2
Mu2
k ≔ ―――― = 0.1116
ϕ ⋅ f`c ⋅ b ⋅ dp 2

1 - ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
1 - 2.36 k
q ≔ ―――――= 0.12
1.18
f`c ⎛ 2 Ru ⎞
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
ρcal ≔ 0.85 ⋅ ―⋅ ⎜1 - 1 - ――― ⎟ = 0.00805
fy ⎝ 0.85 ⋅ f`c ⎠
f`c
ρdef ≔ q ⋅ ―= 0.006
fy
ρmin ≔ 0.0020 ρmin ＝ 0.0018 ⋅ (ϕ ≤ 16 mm) ;0.0020 ⋅ (ϕ > 16 mm)
β1 ≔ 0.85 ⎛ kg ⎞
⎜ 6120 ―― ⎟
f`c cm 2 ⎟
ρb ≔ β1 ⋅ 0.85 ⋅ ―⋅ ⎜――――― = 0.0214
fy ⎜ kg ⎟
⎜ 6120 ―― + fy ⎟
⎝ cm 2 ⎠
ρmax_sism ≔ 0.5 ⋅ ρb = 0.0107
‖ ‖ ‖
ρmin ≔ ‖ if ρdef < ρmin = 0.006 ρd ≔ ‖ if ρcal < ρmin = “Usar ρ_cal” ρd ≔ ‖ if ρcal < ρb = “Usar ρ_cal”
‖ ‖ ρmin ‖ ‖ “Usar ρ_min” ‖ ‖ “Usar ρ_cal”
‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖
‖ else if ρdef > ρmin ‖ else if ρcal > ρmin ‖ else if ρcal > 0.5 ρb
‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ “Usar ρ_cal” ‖ ‖ “RECALCULAR”
‖ ‖ ρdef ‖ ‖
‖ ‖ ‖
‖
‖
ρ ≔ ρcal = 0.008
Cálculo del área de ácero:
As ≔ ρ ⋅ b ⋅ dp = 16.1 cm 2
Barrasz_Nº ≔ 16 mm Ab ≔ 2.01 cm 2 db ≔ 16 mm
As
#Barrasz ≔ ― = 8.01 #Barrasz ≔ 7 r ≔ 0 cm
Ab

Cálculo del Acero de Reparto:

Asr ≔ ρmin ⋅ b ⋅ Hzapata ρmin ＝ 0.0018 ⋅ (ϕ ≤ 16 mm) ;0.0020 ⋅ (ϕ > 16 mm)
2
Asr ≔ 0.0018 ⋅ b ⋅ Hzapata = 4.5 cm
Barrasr_Nº ≔ 14 mm Ab ≔ 1.54 cm 2 db ≔ 14 mm
Asr
#Barrasr ≔ ―― = 2.92 #Barrasr ≔ 3 r ≔ 7.5 cm
Ab