EJEMPLO

Determinar el momento ultimo y cortante ultimo:

La distancia en metros es de 15 m, es decir, luz de calculo "Lc", siendo la longitud total de la viga 15.6 m

Barandado Tipo P-3, dimensiones

en metros Materiales:

kg kg
A1 ≔ 180 cm 2 f`c ≔ 220 ―― fy ≔ 5000 ――
A2 ≔ 1770 cm 2 cm 2 cm 2

kg kg
γHoAo ≔ 2500 ――3
γHoSo ≔ 2400 ――
Atotal ≔ 2130 cm 2 m m3
Dimensiones de la seccion resistente:

h ≔ 170 cm Altura total

hf ≔ 20 cm Altura de losa
bw ≔ 40 cm Alma de viga
hv ≔ h − hf = 150 cm Altura de viga
Dimensiones del puente:

L ≔ 15.6 m c ≔ 0.3 m Lc ≔ L − 2 ⋅ c = 15 m
S≔2 m a ≔ 0.65 m Nv ≔ 4

Ancho, Separacion y numero de postes:

⎛ 15.6 ⎞
ap ≔ 0.2 m Sp ≔ 2 m Np ≔ 2 ⋅ ⎜―― ⎟ = 15.6
⎝ 2 ⎠
Recubrimiento mecanico y peralte:
recmec ≔ 15 cm d ≔ h − recmec = 1.55 m

ANALISIS ESTRUCTURAL
a.1) Carga muerta estructural "DC"
Pasamanos ≔ 4 ⋅ 0.15 m ⋅ 0.12 m ⋅ L ⋅ γHoAo = 2.808 tonne

Auxiliar: Univ. Torrez Duran Paola Andrea Diseño de Puentes CIV-312

 Postes ≔ 16 ⋅ 0.1770 m 2 ⋅ ap ⋅ γHoAo = 1.416 tonne

Acera ≔ 2 ⋅ 0.48 m ⋅ 0.15 m ⋅ L ⋅ γHoAo = 5.616 tonne

Bordillo ≔ 2 ⋅ 0.17 m ⋅ 0.47 m ⋅ L ⋅ γHoAo = 6.232 tonne

Tablero ≔ 7.3 m ⋅ 0.2 m ⋅ L ⋅ γHoAo = 56.94 tonne

Vigas ≔ 4 ⋅ 0.4 m ⋅ 1.5 m ⋅ L ⋅ γHoAo = 93.6 tonne

Peso total
Ptotal ≔ Pasamanos + Postes + Acera + Bordillo + Tablero + Vigas = 166.612 tonne

Carga por cada viga:

Ptotal tonne
qDC1 ≔ ――― = 2.777 ―――
Lc ⋅ Nv m

Lc qDC1 ⋅ Lc x2
x ≔ ― = 7.5 m MDC1 ≔ ―――⋅ x − qDC1 ⋅ ― = 78.099 tonne ⋅ m
2 2 2
x ≔ d = 1.55 m
qDC1 ⋅ Lc x2
MDC1 ≔ ―――⋅ x − qDC1 ⋅ ― = 28.945 tonne ⋅ m
2 2
x ≔ d = 1.55 m
qDC1 ⋅ Lc
VDC1 ≔ ―――− qDC1 ⋅ x = 16.522 tonne
2

a.2) Carga muerta estructural debido al diafragma

-Efecto de diafragma: Se prevee la ejecucion de 3 diafragmas
base: eD ≔ 0.2 m
Altura: hD ≔ 1.3 m
Num. Diafragmas: ND ≔ 3

Auxiliar: Univ. Torrez Duran Paola Andrea Diseño de Puentes CIV-312

 PDi ≔ (S − bw) ⋅ hD ⋅ eD ⋅ γHoAo = 1.04 tonne

Lc PDi
x ≔ ― = 7.5 m MDC2 ≔ ―― ⋅ x = 3.9 tonne ⋅ m
2 2
x ≔ d = 1.55 m PDi
MDC2 ≔ ―― ⋅ x = 0.806 tonne ⋅ m
2
x ≔ d = 1.55 m
PDi
VDC2 ≔ ―― = 0.52 tonne
2
Efectos por carga Muerta Esttructural "DC"

MDC ≔ MDC1 + MDC2

Lc qDC1 ⋅ Lc x2 PDi
x ≔ ― = 7.5 m MDC ≔ ―――⋅ x − qDC1 ⋅ ― + ―― ⋅ x = 81.999 tonne ⋅ m
2 2 2 2
x ≔ d = 1.55 m
qDC1 ⋅ Lc x2 PDi
MDC ≔ ―――⋅ x − qDC1 ⋅ ― + ―― ⋅ x = 29.751 tonne ⋅ m
2 2 2
VDC ≔ VDC1 + VDC2

x ≔ d = 1.55 m qDC1 ⋅ Lc PDi

VDC1 ≔ ―――− qDC1 ⋅ x + ―― = 17.042 tonne
2 2
b)Carga Muerta no estructural "DW"
Carpeta de Rodadura
hCR ≔ 2 cm w ≔ 7.3 m
PCR ≔ hCR ⋅ w ⋅ L ⋅ γHoSo = 5.466 tonne

Auxiliar: Univ. Torrez Duran Paola Andrea Diseño de Puentes CIV-312

 PCR tonne
qDW ≔ ――― = 0.091 ―――
Lc ⋅ Nv m

Lc qDW ⋅ Lc x2
x ≔ ― = 7.5 m MDW ≔ ―――⋅ x − qDW ⋅ ― = 2.562 tonne ⋅ m
2 2 2
x ≔ d = 1.55 m qDW ⋅ Lc x2
MDW ≔ ―――⋅ x − qDW ⋅ ― = 0.95 tonne ⋅ m
2 2
x ≔ d = 1.55 m qDW ⋅ Lc
VDW ≔ ―――− qDW ⋅ x = 0.542 tonne
2
c) Efecto de la carga viva
Aplicacion de los factores de distribucion de carga
Distribucion de las sobre cargas por Carril para Momento en Vigas Interiores

Para la aplicacion de estoos factores debe cumplir con las siguientes condiciones

S ≔ 2000 mm 1100 mm < S < 4900 mm ok

hf ≔ 200 mm 110 mm < hf < 300 mm ok

Lc = ⎛⎝1.5 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ mm 6000 mm < Lc < 73000 mm ok

Nv = 4 Nv ≥ 4 ok
Eviga
η ≔ ――― η≔1
Etablero
3

Auxiliar: Univ. Torrez Duran Paola Andrea Diseño de Puentes CIV-312

 3
bw ⋅ ((h − hf))
Iz ≔ ――――― = 112500000000 mm 4 Inercia de la Viga
12
Ac ≔ bw ⋅ (h − hf) = 600000 mm 2 Area de laviga

Distancia del centro de gravedad del tablero al centro de gravedad de la viga:

hf ((h − hf))
eg ≔ ―+ ――― = 850 mm
2 2
Rigidez Longitudinal:

Kg ≔ η ⋅ ⎛⎝Iz + Ac ⋅ (eg) 2 ⎞⎠ = ⎛⎝5.46 ⋅ 10 11⎞⎠ mm 4 4 ⋅ 10 9 mm 4 < Kg < 3 ⋅ 10 12 ok

Por tanto los factores de distribucion de momentos para la viga interior sera:

⎛ S ⎞ 0.4 ⎛ S ⎞ 0.3 ⎛ Kg ⎞ 0.1

gmi1 ≔ 0.06 + ⎜―――― ⎟ ⋅ ⎜―⎟ ⋅ ⎜――― 3 ⎟
= 0.528 Un carril cargado:
⎝ 4300 mm ⎠ ⎝ Lc ⎠ ⎝ Lc ⋅ hf ⎠

⎛ S ⎞ 0.6 ⎛ S ⎞ 0.2 ⎛ Kg ⎞ 0.1

gmi2 ≔ 0.075 + ⎜―――― ⎟ ⋅ ⎜―⎟ ⋅ ⎜――― 3 ⎟
= 0.697 Dos o mas carriles cargados
⎝ 2900 mm ⎠ ⎝ Lc ⎠ ⎝ Lc ⋅ hf ⎠
El mas solicitante:
gmi ≔ gmi2 = 0.697

Distribucion de las sobrecargas por Carril para corte en viga interior

Un carril cargado:
S
gvi1 ≔ 0.36 + ―――― = 0.623
7600 mm
dos carriles cargados:
S ⎛ S ⎞2
gvi2 ≔ 0.2 + ―――― − ⎜―――― ⎟ = 0.721
3600 mm ⎝ 10700 mm ⎠
El mas solicitante:
gvi ≔ gvi2 = 0.721

Auxiliar: Univ. Torrez Duran Paola Andrea Diseño de Puentes CIV-312

 Vehiculo de diseño

Momento ultimo solicitante en el centro de la viga:

P1 ≔ 14.51 tonne

P2 ≔ 14.51 tonne

P3 ≔ 3.63 tonne

Lc
x ≔ ― = 7.5 m
2
⎛ x ⎞
y1 ≔ x ⋅ ⎜1 − ―⎟ = 3.75 m
⎝ Lc ⎠
Distancia entre apoyo y primera carga puntual
⎛⎝x ⋅ Lc − x 2 ⎞⎠ ⋅ ((Lc − x − 4.3 m))
y2 ≔ ―――――――――― = 1.6 m
Lc ⋅ ((Lc − x))

⎛⎝x ⋅ Lc − x 2 ⎞⎠ ⋅ ((x − 4.3 m))

y3 ≔ ――――――――= 1.6 m
Lc ⋅ x
Momento flector debido al tren:

MTREN ≔ gmi ⋅ ⎛⎝P1 ⋅ y1 + P2 ⋅ y2 + P3 ⋅ y3⎞⎠ = 58.176 tonne ⋅ m

Momento debido a la carga de carril:

tonne
qcc ≔ 0.95 ―――
m

⎛ qcc ⋅ Lc x2 ⎞
MCARRIL ≔ gmi ⋅ ⎜――― ⋅ x − qcc ⋅ ―⎟ = 18.63 tonne ⋅ m
⎝ 2 2 ⎠

Auxiliar: Univ. Torrez Duran Paola Andrea Diseño de Puentes CIV-312

 Entonces:
MLL ≔ MTREN + MCARRIL = 76.806 tonne ⋅ m

Momento debido al incremento por efecto dinamico:

MIM ≔ 0.33 ⋅ MTREN = 19.198 tonne ⋅ m

qDC1 ⋅ Lc x2 PDi
MDC ≔ ―――⋅ x − qDC1 ⋅ ― + ―― ⋅ x = 81.999 tonne ⋅ m
2 2 2

qDW ⋅ Lc x2
MDW ≔ ―――⋅ x − qDW ⋅ ― = 2.562 tonne ⋅ m
2 2
Momento ultimo resistente:

Mus ≔ 1.25 ⋅ MDC + 1.5 ⋅ MDW + 1.75 ⋅ ⎛⎝MLL + MIM⎞⎠

Mus = 274.351 tonne ⋅ m

Momento ultimo solicitante a una distancia "d"

x ≔ d = 1.55 m
⎛ x ⎞
y1 ≔ x ⋅ ⎜1 − ―⎟ = 1.39 m
⎝ Lc ⎠
El diagrama de momentos es simetrico en Lc/2 (c/cambio de sentido de circulacion del vehiculo)

y1 ⋅ ((Lc − x − 8.6 m)) y1 ⋅ ((Lc − x − 4.3 m))

y2 ≔ ――――――― = 0.501 m y3 ≔ ――――――― = 0.946 m
((Lc − x)) ((Lc − x))

Momento flector debido al tren:

MTREN ≔ gmi ⋅ ⎛⎝P1 ⋅ y1 + P2 ⋅ y2 + P3 ⋅ y3⎞⎠ = 21.525 tonne ⋅ m

Momento debido a la carga de carril:

tonne
qcc ≔ 0.95 ―――
m
⎛ qcc ⋅ Lc x2 ⎞
M ⎜ ⎟ 6.905 tonne

Auxiliar: Univ. Torrez Duran Paola Andrea Diseño de Puentes CIV-312

 ⎛ qcc ⋅ Lc x2 ⎞
MCARRIL ≔ gmi ⋅ ⎜――― ⋅ x − qcc ⋅ ―⎟ = 6.905 tonne ⋅ m
⎝ 2 2 ⎠
Entonces:
MLL ≔ MTREN + MCARRIL = 28.429 tonne ⋅ m

Momento debido al incremento por efecto dinamico:

MIM ≔ 0.33 ⋅ MTREN = 7.103 tonne ⋅ m

qDC1 ⋅ Lc x2 PDi
MDC ≔ ―――⋅ x − qDC1 ⋅ ― + ―― ⋅ x = 29.751 tonne ⋅ m
2 2 2

qDW ⋅ Lc x2
MDW ≔ ―――⋅ x − qDW ⋅ ― = 0.95 tonne ⋅ m
2 2

Momento ultimo solicitante:

Mus ≔ 1.25 ⋅ MDC + 1.5 ⋅ MDW + 1.75 ⋅ ⎛⎝MLL + MIM⎞⎠

Mus = 100.795 tonne ⋅ m

Cortante solicitante

x
y1 ≔ 1 − ― = 0.897
Lc
y1 ⋅ ((Lc − x − 4.3 m))
y2 ≔ ――――――― = 0.61
Lc − x
y1 ⋅ ((Lc − x − 4.3 m − 4.3 m))
y3 ≔ ―――――――――= 0.323
Lc − x
Corte flector debido al tren:

VTREN ≔ gvi ⋅ ⎛⎝P1 ⋅ y1 + P2 ⋅ y2 + P3 ⋅ y3⎞⎠ = 16.6 tonne

Corte debido a la carga de carril:

1
VCARRIL ≔ gvi ⋅ qcc ⋅ ―⋅ (Lc − x) ⋅ y1 = 4.128 tonne
2

Auxiliar: Univ. Torrez Duran Paola Andrea Diseño de Puentes CIV-312

 1
VLL ≔ VTREN + VCARRIL = 20.728 ―⋅ tonne ⋅ m
m
Corte por efecto dinamico:

1
VIM ≔ 0.33 ⋅ VTREN = 5.478 ―⋅ tonne ⋅ m
m
qDC1 ⋅ Lc 1 1
VDC ≔ ―――+ ―PDi − qDC1 ⋅ x = 17.042 ―⋅ tonne ⋅ m
2 2 m

qDW ⋅ Lc 1
VDW ≔ ―――− qDW ⋅ x = 0.542 ―⋅ tonne ⋅ m
2 m
Corte ultimo solicitante a una distancia "d":

Vus ≔ 1.25 ⋅ VDC + 1.5 ⋅ VDW + 1.75 ⋅ ⎛⎝VLL + VIM⎞⎠

1
Vus = 67.976 ―⋅ tonne ⋅ m
m

Auxiliar: Univ. Torrez Duran Paola Andrea Diseño de Puentes CIV-312