philosopher nature origin Destiny

Plato  viewed human bein  Plato believed  Plato argues that

gs as inherently the soul exists if we truly
rational, social souls before birth understand huma
burdened by and after n nature we can
imprisonment within death. find “individual
their physical happiness and
bodies. According t social stability.”
o him, the soul or  There is a need
mind attains for the soul to
knowledge of the purify itself from
forms, as opposed to the body, and the
the senses. soul will be
completely
 Plato also purified from the
emphasized the body only at
social aspect of death. Only in
human nature. We death will the soul
are not self- be free from the
sufficient, we need distractions and
others, and we cares of the body;
benefit from our then the soul will
social interactions, be able to fully
from other persons pursue its task of
talents, aptitudes, contemplating the
and their friendship Ideas.
which allows man to
rise above an animal
existence and to
become fully human.
 Plato is a dualist;
there is both
immaterial mind
(soul) and material
body, and it is the
soul that knows the
forms.
 The soul (mind) itself
is divided into 3
parts: reason; appet
ite (physical urges);
and will (emotion,
passion, spirit.) The
will is the source of
love, anger,
indignation,
ambition,
aggression, etc.
When these aspects
are not in harmony,
we experience
mental conflict. The
will can be on the
side of either reason
or the appetites. We
 might be pulled by
lustful appetite, or
the rational desire to
find a good partner.
 As human beings we
have instincts and
emotions but above
all the potential to
think, to control our
feelings and animal
urges. Reason gives
us the freedom to
choose how to
behave, to be selfish
or altruistic, to act on
principle or
thoughtlessly.
aristotle  According
to Aristotle, human   He also thought
beings have that we can only
a natural desire and reach our full
capacity to know and development in
understand the truth, societies.
to pursue moral
excellence, and to  for Aristotle, in
instantiate their the final analysis,
ideals in the world man is what he is
through because he
action. Aristotle esp contains an
ouses the existence element of divinity
of external objective  the destiny of
reality. Aristotle’s man
 As a biologist, lies beyond his
Aristotle recognized natural state, and
that living things is in some sense
include plants as beyond his
well as human and control.
non-human animals  for Aristotle
human beings and
human societies
flourish when
people live
peacefully, work
and prosper, learn
and develop
wisdom,
reproduce and
pass on wisdom
to the next
generation. A
fulfilled and good
person is living,
healthy,
peaceable,
prosperous,
engaged in
philosophy (the
love of wisdom) in
that they are
curious about the
world they live in
and seek
understanding of
it, and are
engaged in
passing on
understanding to
the next
generation.