General Chemistry 1
Week 2 Day 1
Prepared by: Ma’am Kim
Reminders
❑ How many students in each section?
❑ Submit outputs on time
❑ Quiz 1 and PT1
❑ Activity 1.1 (Oct 1)
❑ Summative Test on Friday (2-4PM)
❑ GC1 Freedom Wall
- [Link]
Week 1 Objectives
❑ Recognize common isotopes and their uses
❑ Represent compounds using chemical formulas,
structural formulas and models
❑ Name compounds given their formula and write
formula given the name of the compound
Looking Back…
❑ Matter
❑ Properties of Matter
❑ Physical vs Chemical
❑ Extensive vs Intensive
❑ States of Matter
❑ Classification of Matter
Atomic
Structure
Atomic Structure
Mass Number
(A) Atomic No. = No. of Protons
12
C Element
Mass No. = Protons + Neutrons
Symbol No. of Electrons = No. of Protons
6 Note: For neutral (uncharged) atom only
Atomic Number
(Z)
Particles Composing Matter
ATOMS MOLECULES IONS
the smallest composed of two particles with
particle or more atoms charges
Ions
Neutral
Atom
loss of electron(s) gain of electron(s)
Cation Anion
(+) (-)
when the atom loses electron(s), when the atom gains electron(s),
the no. of protons > the no. of the no. of protons < the no. of
electrons electrons
So, the atom becomes positive (+) So, the atom becomes negative (-)
Complete the table
Number of
Atomic Number of Number of
Mass Number Electrons
Number Protons Neutrons
14 28
8 9
52 24
19 20
11 12
Ions
• The only difference of atoms and ions is the
number of electrons
• To get the atomic number and mass number, look
at your periodic table
• The number of protons is still equal to the atomic
number
• The mass number is still equal to the no. of
protons + no. of neutrons
• Charge = Protons - Electrons
Complete the table
Number of
Atomic Mass Number of Number of
Ions Electrons
Number Number Protons Neutrons
Na+ 11 23
P3- 31 18
20 18 20
F- 20 11
108 47 46
Isotopes
Isotopic Symbols
Mass Number (A)
12
01 Method 1
6 C Element Symbol
Atomic Number (Z)
02 Method 2 C-12
Element Mass
Symbol Number
ISOTOPES
▪ Atoms of the same element with different number
of neutrons
▪ RECALL:
▪ Mass Number = Protons + Neutrons
▪ Same number of protons
▪ Diff mass numbers
▪ Diff number of neutrons
ISOTOPES
Carbon - 12 Carbon - 14
6 protons + 6 neutrons 6 protons + 8 neutrons
Note: Protons (+), Electrons (-), Neutrons (no charge)
ISOTOPES: Build an Atom
• [Link]
pes-and-atomic-mass/latest/isotopes-and-
atomic-mass_en.html
Example
A radioisotope contains 27 protons and 33 neutrons.
Identify the element and write its isotopic symbol.
• number of protons = atomic number of the
element
• This element is COBALT
• Mass number by adding the number of protons
and neutrons, 27 + 33 = 60.
• This isotope can be written as: Cobalt-60
Example
A neutral radioisotope contains 81 electrons and 120
neutrons. How many protons does this element
contain? Identify the element and write its isotopic
symbol.
• Protons = 81
• Element: Tl-201
Atomic Mass
Atomic Mass
▪ The mass given in the periodic table is the
ATOMIC MASS
▪ It is the weighted average of the mass of all
isotopes found naturally
▪ 𝐴𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑐 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 = %𝑎𝑏𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒1 ⋅ 𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠1 +
%𝑎𝑏𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒2 ⋅ 𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 2 + …
Example
▪ Potassium has three stable isotopes that naturally occurs in
the earth’s crust namely, potassium–39 (38.9637 amu),
potassium–40 (39.9640), and potassium-41(40.9618). The
percentage abundance of each isotopes is 93.2581%,
0.0117% and 6.7302%, respectively. Solve for the average
atomic mass of potassium
▪ Atomic Mass = (0.932581 x 38.9637) + (0.000117 x 39.9640)
+ (0.067302 x 40.9618) = 39.10
Example
▪ Cu‐63 has a mass of 62.9396 amu and relative abundance of
69.50%. Cu‐65 has a mass of 64.9278 and relative
abundance of 30.50%. What is the weighted average atomic
mass?
Application of
Isotopes
Isotopes Applications
▪ Isotopes, both radioisotopes and stable, have many
applications in Science and Technology
▪ Used particularly in age dating of artifacts and rocks,
medical treatment and diagnosis, harnessing energy
sources, and in agriculture
▪ In industry, Sodium–24 can be used to trace leaks in gas or
oil pipes in ventilating system
▪ Called tracers
Stable Isotopes Applications
▪ [Link]
Radioactive Isotopes Applications
▪ [Link]
Isotopes Applications
RADIOISOTOPES APPLICATION IN MEDICINE
Cobalt – 60 Radio therapy to prevent cancer
Locate brain tumors, monitor cardiac, liver, and
Iodine – 131
thyroid activity
Study metabolism changes for patients with
Carbon - 14
diabetes, gout, and anemia
Sodium - 24 Study blood circulation
Determine damage in heart tissues and detection
Thallium - 201
of brain tumors
Isotopes Applications
RADIOISOTOPES APPLICATION IN INDUSTRIES
For uniform thickness when rolling steel and paper,
Americium – 241
determines location of oil wells
Iridium – 192 Test integrity of boilers and aircraft parts
Nuclear power plant and naval propulsion system fuel
Uranium - 235 production of fluorescent glassware and colored wall
tiles
Determine moisture content of soil- important for road
Californium - 252
construction and building industries
Sodium - 24 Oil well studies and to locate leaks in pipe lines
Compounds
Formula and
Structure
Compounds Formula and Structure
• Compound Molecular Formula
• Structural Formula
• Condensed Formula
• Ball and Stick Model
• Space filling model
Compounds Formula and Structure
• Compound Molecular Formula
• consists of the chemical symbols for the
constituent elements followed by numeric
subscripts describing the number of atoms of
each element present in the molecule
• No info about bonding
• Ex. C4H10
Compounds Formula and Structure
• Structural Formula
• two-dimensional representations of molecules
that illustrate each atom as its chemical symbol
• Lines indicate bonds to other atoms
Compounds Formula and Structure
• Condensed Formula
• Each carbon atom with atoms attached to it are
listed separately
• Ex. CH3CH2CH2CH3
Compounds Formula and Structure
• Ball and stick model
• three-dimensional models where atoms are
represented by spheres of different colors and
bonds are represented by sticks between the
spheres
Compounds Formula and Structure
• Space filling model
• Shows three-dimensional arrangement as well as
size relationships between atoms
• Bonding between atoms can sometimes be
difficult to distinguish
Build a Molecule
[Link]
molecule/latest/build-a-molecule_en.html
Common Chemical Substances
Sulfuric
Acid
H2SO4 Glucose C6H12O6
Water H 2O Ethanol C2H5OH
Sugar C12H22O11 Ammonia NH3
Laughing
Acetic Acid CH3COOH Gas
N 2O
Structural Formula
[Link]
Thank you!
Contact me:
FB: Kim Marie Anne M. Taroy
Email: [Link]@[Link]
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