(Kristin Johansson) Paint & Coating Industry Augus

August 2011
VOLUME 27, NUMBER 8
INSIDE
Expansion of Color Space
Foam-Control Solutions
Paint Coatings Industry New Water-Soluble Catalyst
Globally Serving Liquid and Powder Formulators and Manufacturers
Lab/Testing
Equipment
www.pcimag.com
Cinilex
Cinile
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Yellow SY2T
(PY110)
(PY1
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DPP
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Reded
Cinilex
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SR (PR25
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SR C (PR177)
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www.cinic.com
HEADQUARTERS EUROPE AMERICA
CINIC CHEMICALS(SHANGHAI) CO., LTD. CINIC CHEMICALS EUROPE Sarl CINIC CHEMICALS AMERICA,LLC
1730 Huilian Road, Qingpu Industrial Park 9, Croisee des Lys 651 Holiday Drive, Foster Plaza 5, Suite 300
Shanghai 201707, P.R. China 68300 Saint-Louis, France Pittsburgh, PA 15220, USA
Tel:+86 21 5240 0178 Fax:+86 21 5240 0136 Tel: +33(0)3 8989 4476 Fax:+33(0)3 8989 4493 Tel:+1 412 928 3228 Fax:+1 412 202 0839
E-mail: sales@cinic.com E-mail: sales@ciniceurope.com E-mail: sales@cinicamerica.com
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ONLINE FEATURES
CONTENTS
PAINT & COATINGS INDUSTRY, VOLUME 27, NUMBER 8
w w w. pcimag.com
Micro-Thin Clear Coating Provides Properties
Similar to Hardened Glass, Superior Coatings
New Testing Capabilities Better Serve Medical

Coatings Customers, Bayer MaterialScience LLC
August 2011 New San Diego Cruise Terminal Features Color-
Shifting Coatings, PPG Industries, Inc.
Recent Developments in Bulk Bag Fillers and

FEATURES Dischargers, Spiroflow Systems, Inc.
22 The Art and Science of Paint Deformulation, New Cool Roof Coating System Provides
CAS-MI Laboratories Increase in Life Cycle Energy Savings,
APV Engineered Coatings®
28 Change Your Approach to Establishing Sieve
Specifications, CSC Scientific Company, Inc.
DEPARTMENTS
32 New Water-Soluble Catalyst for Two-Component
Waterborne Polyurethane Coatings, Reaxis Inc. 6 Industry News
14 Names in the News
38 Foam-Control Solutions That Meet Today’s Tighter
Environmental Regulations, Emerald Performance 16 Company News
Materials Specialties Group 47 Calendar of Events
48 Products
42 Expansion of Color Space in Architectural Coatings,
Colortrend USA LLC 54 Advertiser Index
BUSINESS TOOLS
ON THE COVER:
20 Testing Showcases Photo courtesy of Perstorp.
37 Corporate Profile
46 Supplier Showcases
PCI - PAINT & COATINGS INDUSTRY (ISSN 0884-3848) is published 12 times annually, monthly, by BNP Media, 2401 W. Big Beaver Rd.,
Suite 700, Troy, MI 48084-3333. Telephone: (248) 362-3700, Fax: (248) 362-0317. No charge for subscriptions to qualified individuals.
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individuals in Canada: $149.00 USD (includes GST & postage); all other countries: $165.00 (int’l mail) payable in U.S. funds. Printed
in the U.S.A. Copyright 2011, by BNP Media. All rights reserved. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in whole
or in part without the consent of the publisher. The publisher is not responsible for product claims and representations. Periodicals
Postage Paid at Troy, MI and at additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to: PCI - PAINT & COATINGS INDUS- Audited by
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to PCI - PAINT & COATINGS INDUSTRY, P.O. Box 2145, Skokie, IL 60076. For single copies or back issues: contact Ann Kalb at (248)
244-6499 or KalbR@bnpmedia.com.
Xirallic®
How can Xirallic® pigment help us sell more coatings?
By helping sell more cars!

Xirallic® is a high chroma,
crystal effect pigment
exclusively from EMD Chemicals.
That's what's in it for you. EMD Chemicals
For more information call: 800.222.0342

www.emdchemicals.com/xirallic
I NDUSTRY NEWS
BASF Releases Automotive Color Forecast

SOUTHFIELD, MI – BASF Coatings’ inter- – and ecology are no longer perceived as appears in combination with a subtle or
national design team has released its mutually exclusive concepts. significantly reduced sparkle. This trend
global trend report. In the report, color This type of connection can be observed is also embodied by the colors mushroom,
experts from Asia, North America and among the colors in North America. The mint or broken white.
Europe provide a forecast of the automo- trend toward blues is continuing. Earth Our world is marked by rapid techno-
tive colors of the future. The forecast tones reflect the new ecological awareness. logical progress. Humans and technol-
is based on in-depth research of social The new impression of “green luxury” ogy are coming closer together. For this
developments and fashion trends. reason, colors have a very artificial effect.
Global trends are expressed by dif- On the other hand, they are also derived
ferent colors, depending on the region. from humans, as exemplified by skin-
People from various regions often have toned silver. We will be able to see colors
different color perceptions that are influ- like LED blue, brilliant turquoise, spar-
enced by culture. There is no one single kling black or bright red in the future.
global megatrend. Matte finishes especially reinforce the
The ecology movement is continuing technical impression.
around the globe. However, there is a shift Migration, diversity and cultural iden-
from ecological activism to more realistic tity are shaping the image of society. Cul-
approaches. As a result, the image of ecol- Unique colors and combinations are achieved in tural diversity is also accompanied by a
ogy is changing. Prosperity – even luxury beige and "greige", a mixture of gray and beige. new type of color. Starting with various
Making bubbles Controlling them requires Emerald’s

is child’s play. advanced FOAM BLAST® technology.
Effective foam control is necessary to help prevent unsightly defects
and processing problems in coatings, inks, adhesives, latex processing
and a wide array of other industrial end-uses. The introduction of higher
performance formulations, combined with stricter environmental
regulations mandating lower VOCs, means that foam control solutions that
once worked may no longer be up to the challenge. That’s why Emerald
continues to invest in advanced technologies to ensure our defoamers and
anti-foam products meet all of today’s processing challenges.
Our FOAM BLAST® defoamers have a proven track record for providing
reliable and long-lasting persistent foam control in numerous industrial
markets around the globe. We continue to expand our portfolio to offer
products that meet not only today’s requirements, but also those of
tomorrow. This includes low- and zero-VOC defoamers.
No one does a better job when is comes to solving even the toughest
foam control problems.
Call 1-866-688-FOAM today to learn how we effectively make foam

control look like child’s play.
Email: EFCTechnicalService@EmeraldMaterials.com
For information on these and other Emerald products
such as Hilton Davis® 0-VOC and Black Shield™ dispersions, MASIL® functional silicones,
Kalama™ K-Flex® non-phthalate plasticizers, CVC specialty epoxies and more visit:
www.emeraldmaterials.com Group
FOAM BLAST® is a registered trademark of Emerald Performance Materials, LLC. © 2010 Emerald Performance Materials, LLC
Visit ads.pcimag.com
6 AUGUST 2011 | W W W . P C I M A G . C O M
Water-based microbial control from ISP
Capture the Value of Aqueous Dispersions
The leader in microbial control additives

and the first to commercialize water-based
IPBC based biocides, ISP brings innovative,
eco-friendly solutions to the world.
Cost control World-class microbial control Excellence in responsible care

Solvent-free, highly concentrated High performing, water-based dry film and pH neutral, APE-surfactant free products for
aqueous dispersions with reduced in-can protection additives available in 20% safer handling and better compatibility with
volume requirements to 40% concentrations today’s formulations
Find out what it means to capture the value of water-based microbial control.
Visit ispcoatings.com/water
I NDUSTRY NEWS
browns with subtle effects that connect to The drive towards innovation is based A new Web site takes visitors on a virtu-
home and one’s own roots, the trend is also in two areas: the coatings technology al tour through the work and presentation
moving toward exotic and bold, brilliant and the colorants used to combine and rooms of the BASF Coatings’ Design Stu-
colors such as yellow, violet and emerald. bring out special properties. BASF Coat- dio in Münster, Germany. To start explor-
Another driving force among the trends ings’ design departments work closely ing, visit www.colordesign.basf.com.
is individualism. This is expressed in the col- with technical groups to identify products
ors that stand for something new or unique. showing the greatest promise in color. PC Forum Unlocks Intricacies of
Powder Coating Formulation
COLUMBUS, OH – The 2011 Powder Coat-
Color redefined.
Forward thinking color solutions come from CPS ings Forum was held June 7-8 in Columbus,
Color, the global leader in Low and VOC free colorant OH. Co-produced by The Powder Coating
Research Group (PCR) and PCI Magazine,
technology for more than 15 years. Our continuous
the two-day workshop and symposium pro-
investment in colorant research and development keeps
vided information for both novice chemists
our customers competitive with technical performance and those with years of experience.
requirements and up-to-date with ever-changing
legislative actions.
CPS Color specializes in colorant systems ranging from

the latest in environmentally responsible decorative
options to high strength industrial product systems.
Our color experts make converting colorant technologies
seamless and worry-free; navigating customers through
every step of the process. When combined with our
state-of-the-art dispensing equipment you are assured On the morning of day one, attend-
the best possible compatibility and overall system ees received information on formulation
basics from PCR’s Kevin Biller, as well
performance.
as speakers from Key Finishes and Key-
land Polymer Ltd. After lunch, the group
The power of integrated tinting, received a hands-on learning experience
that’s the CPS Color difference. at a live demonstration of the powder
coating manufacturing process and test-
ing procedures at PCR’s local research lab.
www.cpscolor.com
Day two consisted of a symposium led
by industry experts illuminating the latest
powder coating materials and processing
technology. Presentations included speak-
ers from Benda-Lutz Corp., Radex UV Pow-
der Coating, Innotek Powder Coatings, 3M,
The Powder Coating Institute, Americo
Chemical Products and Clariant Corp.
Independent Consultant Dr. Michael Cling-
erman also delivered a paper on day two.
During numerous networking breaks,
attendees had the opportunity to visit
with PCF’s sponsors and exhibitors,
including DeFelsko, BYK Additives &
Global supplier of integrated tinting solutions: Instruments, Cytec Industries, Keyland
Polymer Ltd. and Precision Quincy.
• CPSCOLOR™ colorants
• COROB™ tinting system equipment
Demand Grows for High-
• Software Performance Pigments
• Color marketing LEATHERHEAD UK – Worldwide high-per-
• Worldwide service and customer support formance pigment (HPP) consumption is
currently estimated at 136,600 tonnes and
CPS Color 7295 West Winds Blvd. Concord, NC 28027 USA 800.728.8408 expected to reach 175,200 tonnes by 2015,
according to a new study by IntertechPira.
Rising oil and raw materials prices,
coupled with the economic climate, are
Brenntag understands Brenntag offers a complete
Architectural Industrial change is normal for the specialty and industrial product
Markets: Coatings Coatings
Container Automotive
Coatings Industry. portfolio, technical assistance
Civil Marine & with product development,
Aerospace Engineering Maintenance As the Coatings Industry formulations and applications
has evolved through the know-how, superior logistics
years, Brenntag’s Paint and with versatile blending and
Coatings Team continues to re-packaging capabilities, and
Solvent- Water- High
Coatings Technologies: Borne Borne Solids provide our customers with last, but not least, commitment
Coatings Coatings Coatings the products and services to quality and safety.
Powder UV to stay competitive in the
Coatings Coatings marketplace. Change demands innovation
and creativity.
Whether you face different Brenntag Understands.
markets, technologies, or
substrate applications, Brenntag North America, Inc.
Surface/Substrate: Wood Brick Metal Vinyl
(610) 926-6100 Ext: 3858
Brenntag’s Paint and brenntag@brenntag.com
Coatings Team can help you brenntagnorthamerica.com
Concrete Stucco Plastic
to adapt and make change
work to your advantage. The Glocal® Chemical Distributor.
I NDUSTRY NEWS
significant challenges for the high-per- IntertechPira predicts average global erties. However, with more competition in
formance pigments market. But in spite of growth for HPPs in excess of four percent the market, and with the entrance of new
this, long-term demand for HPPs will con- for both volume and value over the next players, pricing is under severe pressure,
tinue to grow, especially in some impor- five years. Much of this growth is due which is allowing for the use of HPPs in
tant markets, such as the printing inks to the increase in demand for cleaner, new applications.
and packaging segments. brighter colors with high resistance prop- According to IntertechPira, Asia is the
largest regional market by sales value,
with total forecast sales in 2015 of $1.64
billion, followed closely by Europe, with
T ® sales of $1.58 billion. North America is the
H third-largest market, with sales expected
E to amount to just over $1 billion in 2015.
Asia will command 37.3 percent of the
Patented blending/dispersing blade design makes radical global market, Europe 36 percent and
improvement over old saw tooth designs North America 23.2 percent.
China is the biggest pigment producer
in the world with rapidly increasing out-
put in recent years. China is also the
biggest pigment exporter. Exports of pig-
ments reached 1.1 million tonnes in 2009.
China’s pigment industry is driven mainly
by its thriving downstream industries,
such as coatings, ink, plastic, rubber,
papermaking and textiles. The country’s
coatings industry, for instance, which
consumes close to half of all China-pro-
duced pigments, is experiencing output
growth of 20 percent year on year.
According to IntertechPira, the largest
POLY STAINLESS end-use sector is coatings. Sales of coat-
ings are forecast to reach 97,900 tonnes
* Most efficient and aggressive blending/dispersing blade in 2015, or 55.8 percent of the total
available. market. This is followed by the plastics
segment, which is forecast to account for
* Provides proper combination of pumping action and shear/
39,100 tonnes of HPP sales in 2015, or
dispersion essential for fast consistent results. 22.3 percent of the total.
* Built in pumping action cuts processing time. The report, The Future of High Perfor-
mance Pigments III – Market Forecasts to
* Longer life due to heavier gauge construction. 2015, provides a detailed analysis of the
* Less heat due to shorter required running time. current and future demand for high-per-
formance pigments on a global scale over
* Excellent for high or low speed and high or low viscosity. the next five years. For further informa-
* Supplied with hubs or mounting holes required to retrofit tion, contact Bill Allen at william.allen@
and upgrade present equipment. pira-international.com.
* Pumping blades without teeth are available and are excellent Register Now for Coatings Trends
for gentle blending and agitation. & Technologies
TROY, MI – Coatings Trends & Technolo-
DESIGNERS AND MANUFACTURES OF INDUSTRIAL MIXING EQUIPMENT gies provides a global, resource-rich envi-
Since 1948 ronment where attendees can engage
with industry experts to learn about
CONN AND CO., L.L.C. Stirrers Or Complete Units For:

PAINTS
ADHESIVES
INKS
CEMENTS
URETHANE FOAMS
SLURRIES
GROUTS
ETC. . . .
new products and developments that will
improve coating formulation. This 1½-day
event allows formulators to customize
www.connblade.com their educational and networking experi-
ence through concurrent technical ses-
11 SOUTH MARION STREET • WARREN, PENNA. 16365 • PHONE 814/723-7980
sions and an interactive exhibit hall. The
FAX (814) 723-8502 s r r TM
full conference agenda and a current list
of exhibitors and sponsors can be viewed
at www.coatingsconference.com.
)XGTNCUVKPI&NWG+TGGP -PQTICPKE4KIOGPVU
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FSIHTSXYWZHYNTS
GRINDING MEDIA
FOR ALL
I NDUSTRY NEWS
MILLING TZMI Releases Annual Review of TiO2 Pigment Market

APPLICATIONS VICTORIA PARK, Australia – The second edition of TiO2 Pigment
Annual Review has just been released by independent industry
Any density - any diameter - any composition experts TZMI. TZMI reports that the TiO2 industry is currently
rebounding from years of persistently low margins, and this trend
Zirconium Oxide, Glass, Steel, Steel Shot, Tungsten appears likely to continue for several years, provided a macro-
Carbide, Alumina, Silicon Carbide, Silicon Nitride, economic calamity such as the 2008 global financial crisis does
Ottawa Sand, Agate, Titanium Oxide, Flint Pebbles, not recur. TZMI expects global demand for the pigment to grow
Rare Earth ZrO/CeO, Nickel, Plastics, etc. by 4.4 percent CAGR in the period 2010 to 2013, with demand in
North America growing by 2.2 percent and 6.7 percent in Asia-
Precision Glass Balls for ball bearings, check valves, Pacific. Total global demand is expected to grow from 5.31 million
level gauges and low temperature metric tons in 2010 to 6.05 million metric tons in 2013.
critical applications are also available For more information about the report, visit http://www.tzmi.com.
Small orders welcome.
www.glenmills.com
Adhesive and Sealant Council Releases Market Report
BETHESDA, MD – The Adhesive and Sealant Council (ASC) released
its North American Market Report (NAMR) for adhesives and sealants,
a report published every three years. This report spans the 2010-
2013 time period. The NAMR covers market size and scope for both
adhesives and sealants, and includes forecasting and trends analysis.
Large stocks - Competitive Prices - Attentive service. ASC estimates the global adhesives and sealants market at $40.5
Please phone for full information and prices. billion in sales, with 3.3 percent annual growth rate through 2013.
Glen Mills Inc. ASC estimates the North American adhesives and sealants market
220 Delawanna Ave., Clifton, NJ 07014 at $11.1 billion, with 2.2 percent annual growth rate through 2013.
Tel: (973) 777-0777 Fax: (973) 777-0070 Visit www.ascouncil.org/news/reports/marketreport11.cfm
for additional information.
AUGUST
12PCI02094Aber.indd 1 2011 | W W W . P C I M A G . C O M 1/27/09 1:20:31 PM
We are thinking about the
same thing you are…
How to make your products greener and their performance pure gold.
Our customers come to us to help them stay ahead of competitive pressures by helping to re-formulate
existing products and innovate new ones – meeting “green” goals while preserving and even enhancing
performance. We call it Greenability. You’ll call it genius.
2
i
Another fine result of the Innovation Principle – . Let us help you work through the
formula for Greenability.
www.byk.com
N AMES IN THE NEWS
Scott Deakins has joined Deacom Inc. mentation and Support Manager. Carol AkzoNobel Specialty
as Software Operations Manager. Mark Martin was promoted to Human Resources Plastics, Soliant has
Colflesh has joined the company as Sup- Manager in addition to her current duties as appointed Doug Gold-
port Specialist, and Janine Zinski has Office Manager and Assistant to the Presi- stein Marketing Manager
joined Deacom as Director of Marketing. dent. Amanda Mackedanz was promoted for Film and Coatings.
Todd Shilhanek was promoted to Imple- to Vice President of Sales.
Lintech International
LLC has relocated Aly-
Goldstein
son Gusman from the
company’s Macon, GA, headquarters to a
Solutions for sales position in Dallas, TX. Lintech has also

hired Betsy Maeker, who will focus on the
coatings and building products industries.
Paints & Coatings Cognis Corp. has named Kangming Ma

Business Director of the QTA business group
based in Cincinnati.
Clariant has appointed Hans-Joachim

Independent Laboratory Müller to the Executive Committee. He will
be responsible for the Catalysis & Energy
k Analytical & Physical Testing and Functional Materials business units.
DKSH’s
k Deformulation Business Unit
Performance Materials
has appointed Atul S.
k Contaminant Identification Nagarkar as the new
Country Manager for its
k Failure Analysis India operation.
Pat O’Brien has joined

k Litigation Support Archway Sales Inc. as a Nagarkar
Technical Sales Representative for the com-
pany’s Midwest region. Julian Rodriguez
has joined the company in the Midwest
Innovation Center Region as a member of the company’s Cus-
tomer Service Team.
k Product Development Michelman has promoted Steve Rueh-
k Formulation Support
rwein to Global Business Unit Manager,
Chemical Specialties. Marty Riehemann
has been named VP/Chief Commercial Offi-
k Scale-up cer. Bob Poletti has been named VP/Chief
Marketing and Business Development Offi-
k Toll Manufacturing
cer. Rick Michelman has been appointed
VP/Chief Technology Officer.
Arkema Emulsion Systems has named

Brian Vallieu Plant Manager for the com-
pany’s plant in Alsip, IL. Don Eastepp
has been named Plant Manager at the
facility in St. Charles, LA, and Charles
Pages has been named Manager of the
Torrance, CA, plant.
Hans Wijers, Chief Executive Officer of

888.772.9000 Akzo Nobel N.V., has decided to step
www.cas-mi.com | www.innovationC AS-MI.com down in 2012. Ton Büchner has been
selected as the company’s new Chief Exec-
utive Officer.
“You may never
have to mill your
products again.”
The Ross PreMax is far more efficient than any
disperser or pre-mixer available today. Dispersing
solids such as TiO2, carbon black and phthalo blue,
it routinely reduces the number of passes needed
through a mill. In many applications the PreMax
eliminates the need for a media mill entirely!
For more detailed application information and
a closer look at the patented, high-flow
PreMax Delta generator, visit
www.mixers.com/premax
John Paterson
PreMax Inventor
Employee Owner
Contact Ross today to

arrange a no-charge
test in our laboratory.
Call 1-800-243-ROSS
Or visit mixers.com
The PreMax with a Delta generator *Patent No. 6,000,840

operates with a tip speed of 5,000 fpm
and handles viscosity up to 50,000 cP.
C O M PANY NEWS
Ross Mixing Expands Port St. Lucie Plant

PORT ST. LUCIE, FL – Ross Mixing Inc. to service and stock a multi-million-
has completed a 12,000-square-foot dollar inventory of new and recondi-
plant expansion of its facility in Port tioned mixing equipment. The same
St. Lucie, FL. This is the facility’s fifth facility is also responsible for build-
and largest renovation since opening a wide range of laboratory and
ing in 1988. The 45,000-square-foot production-scale models, including
plant is one of five U.S. manufacturing rotor/stator mixers, high-speed dis-
locations of Charles Ross & Son Co., a persers, multi-shaft mixers, planetary
producer of specialty mixing, blend- mixers and ribbon blenders.
ing, drying and dispersion equipment. Along with the plant expansion,
The company’s Trial/Rental Pro- Ross Mixing Inc. has increased its
gram relies on the Port St. Lucie plant workforce by 25 percent.
Arkema Forms New Coatings Business Unit now one of the largest producers of raw materials for coatings
CARY, NC – Arkema has combined the assets of its existing formulators in the world.
Arkema Emulsion Systems with those recently acquired from The new business offers many different product lines, including
TOTAL to form Arkema Coating Resins. With more than 20 water and solvent-based alkyds, polyester resins, powder coating
coating production facilities, six dedicated R&D labs, and mul- resins, high solid acrylic polyols, additives, and a wide range of
tiple sales and management offices, Arkema Coating Resins is waterborne emulsions, including 100-percent acrylic, styrene
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C O M PANY NEWS
acrylic, vinyl acrylic, ethylene-modified lished Malvern Instruments Canada, a new E.W. Kaufmann Co. to Distribute
polymers and many others. direct entity that will support Malvern’s Bisomer Product Line
expanding customer base in Canada. The BRISTOL, PA – E.W. Kaufmann Co. has
Malvern Establishes New move follows many years of successful coop- been named the national distributor of the
Entity in Canada eration in Canada with Spectra Research Bisomer monomer product line. A variety
MALVERN, UK – Materials characterization Co., Mississauga, Ontario. Malvern custom- of products, including the line of Biso-
company Malvern Instruments has estab- ers in Canada can now call 800/932.0101. mer monomers, are produced at a Cognis
manufacturing site in Hythe, UK. The sale
of this facility to Geo Specialty Chemicals
was announced June 2. As of July 1, 2011,
EW Kaufmann Co. became the only active
reseller of the Bisomer product line in the
United States. For additional information,
e-mail info@ewkco.com.
U.S. Zinc Signs Distribution

Agreement With Velox
HOUSTON – U.S. Zinc has signed an agree-
ment with Velox to distribute zinc oxide in
the United Kingdom, France, Italy and the
Benelux countries (Belgium, the Nether-
lands and Luxembourg). The agreement
enhances U.S. Zinc’s European presence.
Eastman to Debottleneck
Isobutyric Acid
KINGSPORT, TN – Eastman Chemical Co.
is planning a significant debottleneck-
ing in the manufacture of its isobutyric
acid at its Longview, TX, facility. The
production debottleneck, scheduled for a
December 2011 completion, will add an
additional 20 million pounds of capac-
ity to help support growing internal and
external needs for the acid.
Rhodia Increases Hydroquinone

Production Capacity/Plans
Joint Venture in Russia
PARIS – Rhodia and SIBUR have signed
a letter of intent to create a joint venture
in specialty surfactants. The alliance will
focus on creating a leader in the CIS mar-
ket. Rhodia will provide its expertise in
surfactant technologies, its knowledge of
formulations and market applications, and
its customer network, including global key
accounts with a strong presence in this
region. SIBUR, a leading petrochemical
company in Russia, will contribute its raw
materials, production and logistics capabil-
ities. The new 50:50 joint venture will site
local production in Russia at Dzerzhinsk,
near SIBUR’s petrochemicals operations. It
is expected to be operational in 2013.
Additionally, Rhodia is stepping up
its worldwide hydroquinone production
capacity by 20 percent, especially in the
Rhodia Zhenjiang unit in China, between
now and 2012.
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ŽůŽƌDĞĂƐƵƌĞŵĞŶƚ^ŽůƵƟŽŶƐ C O M PA N Y NEWS
ϰϱͬϬŽƉƟĐĂůŐĞŽŵĞƚƌǇĐŽůŽƌŵĞĂƐƵƌĞŵĞŶƚŝƐ
ƚŚĞƚƌƵĞƐƚŵĞƚŚŽĚŝŶƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐŝŶŐŚŽǁƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶĞǇĞ
ƐĞĞƐĐŽůŽƌ͘KŶůǇ,ƵŶƚĞƌ>ĂďĐĂŶŽīĞƌǇŽƵĂĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞ
ůŝŶĞͲƵƉŽĨϰϱͬϬŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚƐĨŽƌǇŽƵƌƉŽƌƚĂďůĞ͕ďĞŶĐŚ͕ AkzoNobel Forms Partnership to Secure TiO2 Supply
ĂŶĚŽŶͲůŝŶĞĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ͘ AMSTERDAM, the Netherlands – AkzoNobel has entered into a
partnership in China with Quangxi CAVA Titanium Industry Co.
Ltd. for the production and supply of titanium dioxide (TiO2). The
measure
color
the way your
collaboration includes the construction of a new TiO2 plant in
Qinzhou, China.
OMNOVA Solutions Expands Manufacturing of Pliotec
eye Coating Resins

FAIRLAWN, OH – OMNOVA Solutions has expanded manufactur-
sees it. ing capability for its Pliotec® water-based acrylic coating resins to
include three locations in the United States. The expansion is part
of the integration of ELIOKEM, acquired in December 2010, into
OMNOVA’s Performance Chemicals business unit. In addition to
existing manufacturing at the former ELIOKEM site in Akron, OH,
Pliotec resins will be produced at OMNOVA’s facilities in Chester,
SC, and Fitchburg, MA.
^ŽůƵƟŽŶƐfor PPG Opens Headquarters in Shanghai

ƚŚĞŽĂƟŶŐƐ/ŶĚƵƐƚƌǇ SHANGHAI – PPG Industries has taken another step in the Asia-
Pacific region by creating PPG Management (Shanghai) Co. Ltd.
dŚĞŵĂũŽƌŝƚǇŽĨƚŚĞĐŽĂƟŶŐƐ The new company, located in Shanghai, opened June 1 and will
ŝŶĚƵƐƚƌǇĂůƌĞĂĚǇĐŚŽŽƐĞƐ,ƵŶƚĞƌ>Ăď act as business headquarters for PPG in China. PPG operates 14
ĨŽƌŽƵƌƐƉĞĐŝĮĐƐŽůƵƟŽŶƐĂŶĚ manufacturing plants and two research and development centers
ĞƋƵŝƉŵĞŶƚďƵŝůƚƚŽǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚ throughout China.
ƚŚĞƌŝŐŽƌƐŽĨĐŽĂƟŶŐƐĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ͘
Celanese Emulsions Dedicates VAE Plant in China
ŽŶƐŝƐƚĞŶƚĂŶĚ DALLAS – The Emulsion Polymers business of Celanese Corp. for-
mally dedicated its expanded vinyl acetate/ethylene (VAE) unit in
ĞƉĞŶĚĂďůĞYƵĂůŝƚǇ Nanjing, China. The expansion, which doubles the original capac-
,ƵŶƚĞƌ>ĂďŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŚĂƐ ity of the VAE unit, came online in the second quarter.
ĂǁĞůůͲĞĂƌŶĞĚƌĞƉƵƚĂƟŽŶĨŽƌƵŶŵĂƚĐŚĞĚƋƵĂůŝƚǇ͕
ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ͕ĂŶĚƌĞůŝĂďŝůŝƚǇ͘ Brenntag to Purchase Chemical Distributor in China
SINGAPORE – Brenntag, a chemical distribution company, signed
a purchase agreement to acquire 100 percent of Zhong Yung
^ĂĨĞ͕ZĞƐƉĞĐƚĞĚ͕ĂŶĚ^ŝŶŐůĞ&ŽĐƵƐĞĚ (International) Chemical Ltd. Brenntag will hold a majority
,ƵŶƚĞƌ>ĂďƉŝŽŶĞĞƌĞĚƚŚĞďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐŽĨĐŽůŽƌƋƵĂůŝƚǇ stake of 51 percent and will acquire the remaining stake in 2016.
Entering into a joint venture for five years gives Brenntag the
ĐŽŶƚƌŽůŵĞĂƐƵƌĞŵĞŶƚƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇ͕ĂŶĚϲϬǇĞĂƌƐůĂƚĞƌ͕
opportunity to use the experience and know-how of Zhong Yung
ŝƚŝƐƐƟůůŽƵƌŽŶůǇĨŽĐƵƐ͘ƐƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚ͛ƐŵŽƐƚƚƌƵƐƚĞĚ
and its management team to establish a solid business platform
ĂŶĚƌĞƐƉĞĐƚĞĚĐŽůŽƌŵĞĂƐƵƌĞŵĞŶƚŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚ
for Brenntag in China.
ŵĂŶƵĨĂĐƚƵƌĞƌ͕,ƵŶƚĞƌ>ĂďŝƐƚŚĞďĞƐƚ͕ĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƚŚĞ
ƐĂĨĞ͕ĐŚŽŝĐĞĨŽƌǇŽƵƌĐŽůŽƌŵĞĂƐƵƌĞŵĞŶƚŶĞĞĚƐ͘
Learn More
TESTING SHOWCASES
sŝƐŝƚƵƐĂƚ Sieving for Particle Size Distribution

ǁǁǁ͘ŚƵŶƚĞƌůĂď͘ĐŽŵͬ/ŶĚƵƐƚƌǇͬWĂŝŶƚŽĂƟŶŐ Frequently particle size distribution is an
inspection criteria for pigments and other solids
ƚŽůĞĂƌŶŵŽƌĞĂďŽƵƚ,ƵŶƚĞƌ>ĂďĐŽůŽƌ additives. Visit http://www.cscscientific.com/
ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞŵĞŶƚŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ particle-size/ and see how sieving can help.
ƐŽůƵƟŽŶƐĨŽƌƚŚĞĐŽĂƟŶŐƐŝŶĚƵƐƚƌǇ͕ŽƌƐŝŵƉůǇ
Surface Tension – Tensiometer
ĐŽŶƚĂĐƚƵƐ͕ĐŽĂƟŶŐƐΛŚƵŶƚĞƌůĂď͘ĐŽŵ͕ An essential instrument to control plating baths.
ƚŽŐĞƚĂĨƌĞƐŚ͞ĞǇĞ͟ŽŶĐŽůŽƌŵĞĂƐƵƌĞŵĞŶƚ͘ Visit http://www.cscscientific.com/surface-tension
and learn about how this works.
CSC Scientific
Company, Inc.
(703) 876-4030
info@cscscientific.com
TESTING SHOWCASES
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PAINT & COATINGS INDUSTRY 21

The Art and Science of
Paint Deformulation
D eformulation, or reverse engineering
as it is sometimes called, refers to the
breakdown of a formulation into its
basic components. The idea is to be able
to take the formulation generated by
the deformulation work and reconstruct the original for-
mulation to be able to achieve all the physical properties
associated with the original formulation.
This is the dream, but in reality it is a very difficult
lost due to poor documentation; 2) The competition is
making a similar product, and you believe they have
infringed on your patent; 3) The competition is making
wild marketing claims, and you want to know if the for-
mulation supports such claims; 4) One aspect of the com-
petitor’s product appears to be better than your product,
and you want to identify the secret; 5) A competitor is
underpricing a product similar to yours, and you want
to know if it is a similar product or if they are cheapen-
task. The key to deformulation is to be able to separate out ing the product to win sales; 6) A former employee is now
components that then can be identified with the normal working for the competition, and you are suspicious that
analytical techniques available to the chemist. Quanti- their new formulation is very similar to your formula-
fication of the ingredient can also be very difficult since tion; 7) The formulator passed away and no one can read
some materials will not separate cleanly from the matrix. his notes, or there was a fire and the formulation was
Paint deformulation is especially difficult since paint destroyed; 8) Perhaps the researcher made a fantastic
may contain 15 ingredients or more. Since there are several formulation but did not document the details and cannot
main ingredients, this means that many ingredients may reproduce the formulation’s performance.
be present at really low levels, such as one percent or less.
Why would anyone want to do a paint deformulation? Levels of Deformulation
There are numerous reasons: 1) The formulation was A paint formulation consists of essentially four basic
components: resin, solvent, pigment and additives. Sev-
eral levels of details can be obtained depending upon how
much time, effort and money one wants to invest in the
project. A first-level deformulation focuses on identify-
ing and quantifying the major ingredients such as resin,
solvents and pigments. The additives are usually not
addressed at this stage. A second-level investigation then
attempts to add more details to the deformulation. These
details might include more information about the type
and quantity of additives. For example, surfactant type
and thickening agent may be identified. A third-level
investigation attempts to identify all the additives that
give this formulation its unique properties. However,
no matter how thorough the investigation is planned, it
may not be possible to find every ingredient due to sensi-
tivity and interferences in the analytical techniques, or
the order of addition in the manufacturing process.
The dried paint sample can be analyzed using Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). This technique
provides a fingerprint for every component in the dried
paint film. Essentially, everything in the formulation gives
an FTIR spectrum that is then overlaid on the spectrum
of everything in the dry paint film. However, since some
By Michele L. Bruck, M.S., Director of Analytical Services; and G. Fred Willard, Ph.D., Vice President Technology | CAS-MI Laboratories, a
Division of Evans Analytical Group , Ypsilanti, MI

ingredients, such as additives, are at very low levels, their
spectral bands may be hidden beneath the more major com-
ponents in the sample. Therefore, since only major ingre-
dients in the dry paint film are visible, FTIR can determine
the general class of polymer present and the pigment type.
The total dried paint sample can also be heated to
decomposition using instrumentation such as a ther-
mogravimetric analyzer (TGA) or ashing in a muffle
furnace. Although this decomposition step removes all
organic material, including the additives and organic
pigments, it still can be a good approximation of how
much resin is present and how much residue, such as
inorganic pigment and inorganic fillers, is present.
The resin can be isolated quantitatively from the for-
mulation by drying a sample and then performing extrac-
tions with solvents that will remove and isolate the resin.
A dried resin film can be analyzed by FTIR that will result
in a spectrum of the resin.
Another technique used to characterize the resin
is pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy
(pyro GC/MS). In this technique a sample of the resin
is heated at about 700 °C to decompose the material.
The decomposition products are then separated in a GC
and the components are identified by MS. For exam-
ple, a typical acrylic resin might be a methyl meth-
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PA I N T & C O A T I N G S I N D U S T R Y 23
The Art and Science of Paint Deformulation
acrylate with some butyl acrylate and of their percentages can be Fisher titration or GC with ther-
methacrylic acid added as co-monomers. made by making and run- mal conductivity detector (TCD),
These monomers can be identified by ning individual standards to quantify the water content.
pyro GC/MS, and a rough approxima- and using GC with a flame Pigments can be identif ied
tion of their ratios can be determined. ionization detector (FID) to using a combination of techniques.
Solvents are usually separated, identi- quantify the solvents. If water The ash residue can be studied by
fied and quantified against an internal is part of the solvent system, then other scanning electron microscopy/energy
standard by GC/MS. A better estimate methods may be required, such as Karl dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM/EDXA) to
determine elements present. These initial
data can then be verified with X-ray dif-
fraction (XRD) to identify specific pigment
or filler components. Other techniques,
such as titrations or inductively coupled
plasma (ICP), may still be required in
order to quantify pigments or fillers, espe-
cially when several are present.
Typical paint additives include a rhe-
ological modifier (thickening agent),
surfactant, dispersant, antifoam agent,
antifreeze compound and mildewcide.
Additives are much more difficult to iden-
tify and quantify since they are usually
present in such low quantities (less than
one to five percent) and frequently have an
affinity for the matrix. Solvent extraction
is one method for separating additives,
but this method can sometimes be unsuc-
cessful in separating similar materials
such as two types of surfactants. Other,
more sophisticated methods include liq-
uid chromatography/mass spectrometry
(LC/MS). This technique separates higher
molecular weight materials, such as sur-
factants, and then attempts to identify
them using their MS spectra. This method
is very powerful in identifying unknown
materials. Once the material has been
identified using LC/MS, then high-per-
formance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
can be used to quantify the material.
Conclusion
It should be obvious that several ana-
lytical techniques are required to conduct
a deformulation analysis. Running one
simple test, such as FTIR, may not give
the level of information that is required.
Deformulation is like working a picture
puzzle. If only a few pieces are in place
(i.e., a few tests), then one can get a rough
idea of the total picture. However, as
more tests are added, the picture becomes
clearer. Eventually enough pieces are in
place to satisfy the customer.
For more information about CAS-MI Laboratories, visit

www.cas-mi.com or call 888/772.9000.
This article is reprinted with express permission of

Metal Finishing magazine and Elsevier, Inc.©
24
PCI04094Qlab-panel.indd 1 AUGUST 2011 | W W W . P C I M A G . C O M 3/19/09 10:53:46 AM
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Change Your
to Establishing Sieve
T he process of sieving has been the work-
horse of determining particle size dis-
tribution. It was used over 5,000 years
ago by the Egyptians to grade grain.
Advancing technologies in laser diffrac-
tion and image analysis have introduced new techniques
to the analysis of particle size, yet sieving continues to be
the most widely used method. It has significant economic
advantages and is easy to execute. Sieving is sometimes
Problems with the Process
The process of establishing mesh suitability in a sieve
calls for the measurement of a sample of the openings,
in a prescribed manner over a delineated geography.
The number of openings, selected to reflect a reason-
able balance between inspection time and coverage,
represents less than .001% of the total sieve openings
for a given size. The acceptable variation can exceed
20% of the nominal specified sieve mesh in the lower
called the Cinderella of particle size analysis because it micron mesh sizes.
does most of the work while getting little of the credit. When a full certification is performed, a document
At times the image of sieving has been tainted by poor- is prepared that includes the details of all the measure-
quality sieves and faulty analysis. There are literally mil- ments, averages and deviations. The document states a
lions of sieves in use around the world, and this technique pass/fail result.
is still the cheapest way of measuring particle size – by a Until the recent ASTM 2009 standards were adopted,
considerable margin. there was a single pass/fail criteria. A tighter specification
Early and continuing attempts to overcome the quality had been proposed by one of the sieve manufacturers. This
problem have been the purview of standards organiza- was known as a mid-point sieve, which was certified to fall
tions like ASTM, ISO and other country-specific groups. in the middle of the published allowable deviations.
Part of the issue was because the bulk of the sieves use The new ASTM standard established three specifica-
woven wire mesh to accomplish the screening, a difficult tion levels for the mesh. The inspection results are subject
process to maintain precise openings throughout the to rigorous statistical analysis and are stated in terms of
sieve. Standards were developed to assure consistency in maximum standard deviation, while retaining the maxi-
the frame that holds the mesh, to ensure tightness of the mum variance averages and maximum individual open-
mesh when assembled and to fix the acceptable variation ing standards. This inspection process, which is referred
of the mesh openings. to as certification, screens out poor-quality mesh.
Assessment of the suitability of the mesh is delineated This certification process does provide a basis for
by the result of optical/microscope-assisted inspection. traceability and is insurance from bad-quality sieves.
The published criteria are stated in terms of average varia- However, it does not give a solid predictor of a sieve’s
tion in opening size and maximum allowable size of open- performance in real-world testing. The small sample of
ings inspected. These data are processed to determine the openings inspected and the wide acceptable variation,
sieve pass or fail status. which increases as the opening size decreases, present
a wide framework for performance differences between
any two sieves of the same nominal size.
The process of calibration, which is usually done by the
users, is all about performance. In this process the perfor-
mance of a sieve is compared either to the performance of
a master sieve or is compared to a prescribed result on a
master material. It is at this stage where the sieve perfor-
mance is established.
New Concept and Approach

As noted, there is a large gap between the nominal size of
a sieve and maximum allowable opening. For example,
in the latest ASTM standard for a 63 micron sieve, the
maximum individual opening can be 89 microns; more
than 40% larger. That is significant if the application is for
screening out over-sized contaminants or if the specifica-
tion for the retained amount on the sieve is critical.
By Arthur Gatenby, President | CSC Scientific Company, Inc., Fairfax, VA

Approach
Specifications
More helpful performance-predictive The process would start when a new of sieves of the same nominal size but
intelligence on a sieve would be the sieve is delivered. A calibration would be with different mean apertures. Variances
“effective aperture size”. The concept done before any testing was performed between test results of individual sieves
of using calibration spheres has been with the sieve. This calibration results can now be related to the mean aperture
around for some time, but was not widely in an “effective mean aperture”. The new calibrations, and acceptable aperture lim-
used because of precision limitations. sieve now has an operational perfor- its can be established. The economics of
Whitehouse Scientific and their man- mance value. Changes in this value will a change to CMSQD should not be more
aging Director Dr. Graham Rideal took show the effects of usage and provide a than current costs.
on the task of designing an approach basis for determining if the sieve should The benefits of moving to a CMSQD
to using glass microspheres to get con- be replaced. include determination of an objective
sistent, effective sieve size information. At the beginning of a program of and traceable sieve performance num-
In over three years of development, the CMSQD, all functional sieves should be ber. This number, mean aperture, for the
company designed a system to generate checked and the differences in mean aper- first time provides a basis for evaluating
microspheres to within +/- 1 micron in ture recorded. This establishes a base line the performance of a sieve in the work-
smaller sizes. for comparing the real-life performance ing test environment, a benchmark to
They also developed a calibration tech-
nique for the most popular ranges of sieve
sizes, which uses a fixed weight of sample
that contains a known distribution of
microsphere sizes. This sample is placed
on a sieve to be calibrated and shaken for
approximately one minute. By measuring
the retained weight after this process, the
percent of microspheres passing is calcu-
lated, which is used to get a mean aper-
ture size from a calibration chart.
Using this method, even a variation of
5% difference in the weight of the passed
spheres results in only a 1 micron dif-
ference in the aperture size for sieves
below 100 microns. Not only does this
technique produce an effective perfor-
mance predictor, but it results in tight
accuracy across the range of sieves from
20 microns to 3.35 millimeters.
The calibration process is easy and
quick, and can be done on-site; no need
to send it out to a laboratory. The process
provides a result with traceability to NIST
and NPL, needed for most quality-control
maintenance systems.
How it Works
To take maximum advantage of what we
call the “Calibration Method of Sieve Qual-
ity Determination – CMSQD,” it is neces-
sary to change long-standing practices
and ideas. Rather than relying on the
certification process with attendant data-
rich reports, the CMSQD requires only a
two-minute process. Visit ads.pcimag.com
Change Your Approach to Establish-
ing Sieve Specifications
compare the wear on a sieve and a ref-

erence to compare multiple sieves of the
same size, all at a cost no more than the
traditional certification charges. The
calibration process is so simple, little
training is required and the time to
compete a calibration is measured in
minutes, not hours.
Summary
Sieving has lasted as a widely used way
of particle size analysis for centuries.
In today’s version most sieves are con-
structed of wire mesh, a tough thing
to produce and even tougher to pro-
duce with consistent apertures. In the
past, these difficulties brought about
frequent occasions of bad quality and
a tarnished reputation of this Cinder-
ella workhorse. At least as far back as
1985, ASTM established standards for
wire mesh sieves, stating acceptable
variations in sieve wire openings. A
certification that a sieve met the E11
requirements served as an insurance
policy against shoddy workmanship.
Users who wanted to get a measure
of how a sieve performed (calibrated
against something), certified or not,
needed to compare it to either a sieve of
known performance (master sieve) or to
the result obtained using a master sam-
ple. These have been the most common
methods employed to get a performance
measure for sieves used for quality con-
trol measurement.
The introduction of the tight tolerance
and traceable glass microspheres has pro-
vided a new technique for the calibration
task. Not only does this method accom-
plish the comparison task but it brings a
spotlight to the expected performance by
defining the mean aperture.
The tools are in place to bring about a
pervasive change to current processes of
sieve certification and calibration. Now
in one easy, quick step the cumbersome,
time-consuming and costly process of
optical inspection, setting up and run-
ning master stacks, or preparing master
samples can be eliminated
In conclusion, the use of calibrated
glass microspheres is the logical way to
establish, measure and delineate sieve
quality and determine performance cri-
teria and measurements.
For more information, call 703/876.4030 or

e-mail agatenby@cscscientific.com.
RED COATINGS ENERGIZED BY
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are proud to support you with this outstanding experience. www.bayferrox.us
New Water-
Soluble Catalyst
for Two-Component Waterborne
Polyurethane Coatings
T wo-component waterborne polyure-

thane (2K WB PU) coating technologies
have been commercially available since
1990 and were primarily developed to
address VOC reduction requirements
that were not feasible with solvent-based technologies at
that time.1 Since the initial introduction of 2K WB PU
technologies, advancements have addressed many of the
deficiencies inherent to water-based coatings in an effort
of interest to examine whether proper choice of catalyst
could provide improvements in dry time for polyester-
based 2K WB PU coatings.
The performance of common polyurethane catalysts
such as dibutyl tin dilaurate (DBTDL) in waterborne
systems is diminished mainly due to incompatibility and
hydrolytic instability in the aqueous matrix. Enhanced
hydrolytic stability and water solubility are two important
features for an effective waterborne polyurethane cata-
to match the performance properties and application lyst. In addition to these features, a suitable waterborne
latitude of traditional solventborne two-component poly- polyurethane coating catalyst should provide the desired
urethane coatings. reactivity and property development for a wide range
However, one deficiency of 2K WB PU systems that can of formulation characteristics (chemistry, functionality,
be difficult to overcome is the drying speed, particularly additives, % solids, etc.). Ideally, an effective waterborne
under high humidity conditions. This is especially evident polyurethane catalyst should also promote consistent
when using typical polyester polyols as the OH component application and performance attributes under a variety
of the system. Acrylic polyols do not impart as severe of environmental conditions, including temperature and
dry time slowing under high humidity conditions, but relative humidity.
other properties such as flexibility, durability or chemical Reaxis has developed a new water-soluble catalyst that
resistance may be compromised. Therefore, it would be has excellent hydrolytic stability and provides enhanced
properties in 2K WB PU formulations under a variety of
environmental conditions compared to typical polyure-
FIGURE 1 | Polyisocyanate and polyol micellar structures. thane catalysts. This article will focus on shelf-life stabil-
ity, pot life, dry times, solvent resistance and the effect of
humidity on curing rates.
Reactivity and Film Formation

There are two methods that can be utilized to prepare
stable 2K WB PU coating formulations.2 The first involves
the use of hydrophilically modified polyols to provide
an emulsifying capability that allows the use of typical
hydrophobic polyisocyanates. The polyol droplets are
typically much smaller and surround the polyisocyanate
droplet, helping to disperse it. Emulsification occurs as the
polyol droplets surround the larger polyisocyanate drop-
lets to create a stabilized polyisocyanate micelle.
Polyisocyanate Polyol In addition, a typical 2K WB PU coating can be pre-
micelle micelle with catalyst pared using a hydrophilically modified polyisocyanate
mixed into a polyol dispersion. The polyisocyanate can
By Dr. Leon A. Perez, Vice President of Technology and Business Development; and Dr. Lanny D. Venham, Senior Chemist | Reaxis Inc.,
McDonald, PA

form a micellar structure without the aid of the polyol mils. The coatings were air dried for a specific time as
(Figure 1). As the formulation ages, the polyisocyanate required by the test methods used. ASTM-defined meth-
droplets and polyol droplets can begin to coalesce, and the ods for set-to-touch, dust free, dry hard, MEK double rubs
particle size will increase. This usually leads to an initial and pencil hardness were followed in determining the
viscosity decrease. Because of this decrease, the pot lives of physical properties.
these systems are not determined by measuring viscosity
increase over time, as is typical in solventborne 2K poly-
FIGURE 2 | FT-IR of NCO and water concentrations in a curing film.
urethane systems.
NCO and Water profile
Once the formulation is applied, water begins to evapo- 0.25 NCO, 2265 cm-1
rate and the particles begin to coalesce and form a film.3
Water, 3320 cm-1
The curing profiles in Figure 2 were generated by follow-
0.2
ing the relative concentrations of water and isocyanate
groups (NCO) by FT-IR. The profiles show that most of the
Absorbance
water evaporates over the first 30 minutes, and after 60 0.15
minutes almost all of the water has evaporated. At this
point, the main reaction occurring is the reaction of polyol 0.1
hydroxyl (OH) groups with polyisocyanate NCO groups.
Catalyst reactivity and selectivity is important because
0.05
the competing reaction with water is important while the
formulation is in the mixing pot, and during the first 30 to
60 minutes after film application. A catalyst that preferen- 0
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600
tially promotes the reaction of NCO groups with polyol OH
Time (min)
groups over the reaction with water is very desirable. Too
much water reaction with NCO groups results in bubbles
forming from carbon dioxide liberation. If the catalyst is FIGURE 3 | FT-IR of cured waterborne polyurethane films.
too reactive, too much crosslinking can take place before 0.6
all of the water evaporates, and pinholes can form from
carbon dioxide bubbles being trapped.
The advantage of using a catalyst can be illustrated by a
simple FT-IR experiment. Analysis of films cured with and 0.4
Absorbance
without catalyst shows the difference in curing complete-

ness. After two days, no isocyanate peak was visible in a
film cured utilizing the new Reaxis™ C333 catalyst. In a
film prepared without catalyst, the isocyanate peak (2265
cm-1) is still easily visible, as shown in Figure 3. 0.2
Experimental
Two polyester/hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) for-
mulations of different reactivity were used in this study. 0
Throughout this article these formulations will be defined 4000 3000 2000 699
as follows: Formulation 1 consisted of Bayer Bayhydrol® Wavenumber [cm-1]
2591 urethane-modified polyol and Bayhydur® 2487/1 Green line is cured film (Formulation 1) using C333
Blue line is cured film (Formulation 1) without catalyst
isocyanate. Formulation 2 consisted of U.S. Polymers’
W2K® 2002 polyester polyol and Bayhydur 302 isocyanate.
We further defined the formulations as high perfor-
FIGURE 4 | Relative rate of NCO/OH vs. NCO/water.
mance and standard performance based on the hydroxyl
-LN (NCO Absorbance) vs. Time
functionality and backbone structure of the polyols. 3.7
Thus, Formulation 1 (tetra functional urethane func-
tional polyol with OH equivalent weight of 436) was 3.5 C333 1-BuOH
Absorbance at 2270 cm-1
C333 Water
defined as high performance, whereas Formulation 2
(polyester polyol with OH equivalent weight of 252) 3.3
was defined as standard performance. The equivalent
weights at 100% solids were 436 for Bayhydrol 2591, 3.1
and 252 for W2K 2002. These formulations are shown in
Tables 1 and 2. The catalysts were used at levels of 0.2% 2.9
based on resin solids.
In preparation of the coating, part A (polyol, catalyst, 2.7
water, wetting additive) was mixed with part B (isocya-
nate) for 1 minute. Using a Binks siphon spray gun set to 2.5
50 psi at the gun, each coating was spay applied onto an 0 50 100 150 200
aluminum substrate to a dry film thickness of 1.5-2.0 Time (min)
New Water-Soluble Catalyst for Two-Component Waterborne Polyurethane Coatings
TABLE 1 | Formulation 1 – high performance. Results

Weight Volume Physical Properties
Raw Material Weight Volume Results of comparative physical properties demonstrate
Solids Solids
that the formulations with Reaxis C333 provided the
Bayhydrol® 2591 131.32 14.30 45.96 4.06
shortest dry times across the board, from set to touch to
BYK®-346 0.70 0.08 0.32 0.03
dry hard. They also yielded the same ultimate physical
BYK-345 1.23 0.14 1.23 0.14
properties as any other catalyst. The ultimate physical
Ammonia (10% in DI water) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
properties are, of course, determined by the nature of the
Catalyst (100%) 0.17 0.02 0.08 0.01 raw materials chosen. The C333 helped to achieve these
Water letdown 23.47 2.82 0.00 0.00 ultimate properties in the shortest amount of time. Cata-
Bayhydur® 2487 42.95 4.47 42.95 4.47 lysts promote the reduction of the time needed to achieve
Total 183.00 21.84 90.63 8.72 final properties but can also reduce the ultimate physical
properties if they promote undesirable side reactions.
Weight % solids 45.32 Weight/gallon 9.15 Therefore, selectivity is an important feature.
Volume % solids 39.92 NCO:OH 2.00 Table 3 illustrates that all catalysts performed simi-
P/B ratio 0.00 Mix ratio 3.89 larly in robust polyol, but dry hard time for C333 was
PVC, % 0.00 VOC, lb/gal 0.04 the best. We define the robustness of a polyol as the
propensity to provide better final film properties in the
TABLE 2 | Formulation 2 – standard performance. formulation, all other things being equal. Table 4 shows
that use of C333 resulted in faster property development
Weight Volume
Raw Material Weight Volume in the less-robust polyol system.
Solids Solids
One of the important advantages of the C333 catalyst is
US Polymers W2K® 2002 41.37 4.35 37.23 3.85
that it is soluble in both organic and aqueous phases. This
Byk-346 0.22 0.03 0.10 0.01
makes the catalyst compatible with most systems, and it
Byk-345 0.39 0.04 0.39 0.04
ensures a homogeneous distribution in the formulation.
Ammonia 10% DI water 3.27 0.40 0.00 0.00 This helps ensure uniform curing of the coating.
Catalyst (100%) 0.20 0.02 0.10 0.01
Water letdown 89.75 10.77 0.00 0.00 Shelf-Life Stability
Bayhydur 302 64.60 6.67 64.60 6.67 It is important to establish suitable shelf life stability for
Total 180.00 22.28 90.53 8.62 the A and B components of 2K WB PU systems for prac-
tical applications. Best stability is normally seen when
Weight % solids 51.26 Weight/gallon 8.96 the catalyst is added to the A side. Use of catalyst in the
Volume % solids 47.56 NCO:OH 2.00 B side (NCO) can result in the formation of side products
P/B ratio 0.00 Mix ratio 2.34 such as biurets, allophonates, isocyanurates, and ureas
PVC, % 0.00 VOC, lb/gal 0.14 under certain conditions. Also, use of catalyst on the
A side avoids the catalysis of the water/NCO reaction
TABLE 3 | Formulation 1: Physical properties @77 °F/50% RH. should the mixture absorb water on standing.
Tables 5 and 6 demonstrate that dry times and pen-
System Set-Toa Dust Freeb Dry Hardc MEK DRd Pencile
cil hardness were basically unchanged for formulations
No cat 140 220 320 Pass 3H
using C333 after two weeks of aging in the polyol matrix
C333 75 140 185 Pass 3H
(A side) at 60 °C. Further testing is required to verify the
DBTDL 85 130 200 Pass 2H
stability in the polyol matrix, but these initial results are
Sn Octoate 95 150 230 Pass 2H very encouraging.
Bi Octoate 90 170 220 Pass 2H Some catalysts are designed to be used in the polyiso-
Zn Complex 95 145 190 Pass 3H cyanate matrix (B side); however, this is not common
Zr Complex 110 150 220 Pass 3H practice. As mentioned previously, this can lead to many
a Set-to: Time in minutes set to touch with cotton ball non-sticking. problems if traces of moisture get into the polyisocyante
b Dust free: Time in minutes that cotton ball hairs do not adhere to the coating. component. We did not observe any differences in per-
c Dry hard: Time in minutes that coating achieves cure with no stickiness.
formance of aged vs. non-aged B side formulations except
d MEK DR: pass = 50 MEK double rubs without breaking through the film.
e Pencil: Run after 7 days curing at room temperature.
that the C333 system best retained pencil hardness. As
long as the B side is kept free of moisture, C333 shows the
TABLE 4 | Formulation 2: Physical properties @77 °F/50% RH. best versatility for use in either side.
System Set-To Dust Free Dry Hard MEK DR Pencil Pot Life
No cat 250 330 460 Pass H In waterborne coatings, pot life is typically not measured
C333 75 135 190 Pass H by viscosity increase, since a decrease in viscosity on
DBTDL 95 160 200 Pass B aging is normally encountered. The typical measurement
Sn Octoate 110 140 225 Pass H of pot life for waterborne coatings involves determination
Bi Octoate 155 210 280 Pass H/F of physical properties after a specified aging time.
Zn Complex 130 160 230 Pass H Even though C333 promoted the achievement of
Zr Complex 135 195 270 Pass H ultimate properties, it still allowed a reasonable work-

ing time (at least 2 hours) after mixing the A and TABLE 5 | Accelerated shelf life not aged (catalyst in A side).
B sides. The drying times were reduced due to some
System Set-To Dust Free Dry Hard MEK DR Pencil
reaction in the pot, but the ultimate properties were
C333 75 140 185 Pass 3H
unchanged. However, as illustrated in Tables 8 and
10, the difference in pencil hardness of the C333-based
TABLE 6 | Accelerated shelf life at 60 °C for 2 weeks (catalyst in A side).
system compared to the other catalysts was more pro-
nounced after aging. System Set-To Dust Free Dry Hard MEK DR Pencil
C333 80 140 185 Pass 2H
Coating Properties at Variable Humidity
The C333 catalyst provides robust curing under a wide TABLE 7 | Formulation 1: Initial physical properties @77 °F/50% RH.
range of humidity conditions. High humidity very
often leads to slow drying of waterborne coatings. System Set-To Dust Free Dry Hard MEK DR Pencil
The drying times and ultimate physical properties of No catalyst 140 220 320 Pass 3H
coatings were relatively unchanged when C333 was C333 75 140 185 Pass 3H
utilized. This is advantageous to an end user because DBTDL 85 130 200 Pass 2H
it allows coating application to be done under a wider Sn Octoate 95 150 230 Pass 2H
variety of conditions. For example, consistent applica- Bi Octoate 90 170 220 Pass 2H
tion can be achieved at high humidity and/or heat in Zn Complex 95 145 190 Pass 3H
exterior environments where temperature and humid- Zr Complex 110 150 220 Pass 3H
ity are not controllable.
TABLE 8 | Formulation 1: Aged 2-hour physical properties @77 °F/50% RH.
Selectivity of Isocyanate/Water Reaction versus Isocyanate/
Hydroxyl Reaction System Set-To Dust Free Dry Hard MEK DR Pencil
The relative selectivity of C333 for promoting the reac- No cat 90 190 275 Pass 3H
tion of isocyanate with hydroxyl groups versus water C333 45 85 145 Pass 3H
was investigated by FT-IR. A polyisocyanate and co- DBTDL 55 120 190 Pass 2H
reactant were mixed in dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether Sn Octoate 65 140 210 Pass 2H
at 0.8 molar concentrations. The catalysts were used at Bi Octoate 65 145 185 Pass H
a 200 ppm metal concentration based on reactant solids. Zn Complex 70 135 175 Pass 3H
The peak heights of the NCO absorbance were plotted as Zr Complex 75 120 185 Pass 2H
the negative natural log (-Ln) versus time in minutes.
The slopes of the plots were then compared to determine TABLE 9 | Formulation 2: Initial physical properties @77 °F/50% RH.
the relative rates. Figure 4 shows that the reaction of
1-butanol with a primary aliphatic NCO group is 6.7 System Set-To Dust Free Dry Hard MEK DR Pencil
times faster than the reaction of water with the NCO No cat 250 330 460 Pass H
group. This is very advantageous for the formulation of C333 75 135 190 Pass H
2K waterborne urethane coatings, as it helps to prevent DBTDL 95 160 200 Pass B
foaming, which could lead to poor film appearance. Sn Octoate 110 140 225 Pass H
Seneker and Potter reported a selectivity of about 2 for Bi Octoate 155 210 280 Pass H/F
DBTDL.4 Figure 5 shows that the reaction of water with Zn Complex 130 160 230 Pass H
NCO catalyzed by DBTDL is 1.45 times faster that the Zr Complex 135 195 270 Pass H
reaction catalyzed by C333.
Summary and Conclusions FIGURE 5 | Relative rate for catalysis of NCO/water reaction.
Reaxis C333 is a water-soluble, hydrolytically stable cata- -LN (NCO Absorbance) vs. Time
lyst that provides fast dry times and very good physical 2.85
properties for 2K WB PU formulations under a variety 2.83
of temperature and humidity conditions. Many 2K WB C333 Water
-Ln (Absorbance) at 2270 cm-1
PU systems suffer from slower dry times and diminished 2.81 DBTDL Water
physical properties at higher humidity, so use of C333 2.79
offers wider application latitude. 2.77
C333 is unique in that it is soluble in both aqueous 2.75
and organic media, thus providing very wide formula-
tion latitude and allowing for uniform distribution in 2.73
the liquid coating, leading to uniform cure response 2.71
throughout the film. 2.69
The robustness of C333 is demonstrated by the fact 2.67
that the physical properties and drying times of 2K WB
2.65
PU formulations containing this catalyst are maintained 0 50 100 150 200
after aging. Also, the pot life and shelf stability of these
formulations are excellent. Time (min)
New Water-Soluble Catalyst for Two-Component Waterborne Polyurethane Coatings
TABLE 10 | Formulation 2: Aged 2-hour physical properties (@77 °F/50% RH). Further experimentation is required to better define and
understand the advantages for use of C333 in 2K WB PU sys-
System Set-To Dust Free Dry Hard MEK DR Pencil
tems and related coatings technologies. This initial study has
No cat 235 300 420 Pass H
provided promising data that merits further investigation. 䡲
C333 55 124 150 Pass 2H
DBTDL 60 130 185 Pass HB
For more information, contact Reaxis Inc. at 800/426.7273 or visit www.
Sn Octoate 85 125 190 Pass H reaxis.com.
Bi Octoate 110 180 240 Pass F
Zn Complex 140 165 185 Pass H This paper was presented at the Polyurethanes 2010 Technical Confer-
Zr Complex 100 145 260 Pass H/F ence, sponsored by the Center for the Polyurethanes Industry of the
American Chemistry Council, in partnership with UTECH North America,
TABLE 11 | Formulation 1: Physical properties at variable humidity. in Houston, Texas.
Cure Conditions Set-To Dust Free Dry Hard MEK DR Pencil Hardness
References
50% RH, 77 °F 75 140 185 Pass 3H 1 Gaal, R. and Jackson, M. A. A Cost-Effective, Water-Reduc-
75% RH, 77 °F 85 150 200 Pass 3H ible Polyester Polyol for Two-Component Waterborne Ure-
90% RH, 77 °F 90 145 210 Pass 3H thane Coatings, Paint and Coatings Industry January, 2004.
2 Williams, J. High Solids Polyurethane Coatings: Past, Pres-
ent, and Future, presented at the Waterborne, Higher Solids,
The superior selectivity of C333 (compared to
and Powder Coatings Symposium, February 24-26, 1993.
DBTDL) in promoting the reaction of isocyanate with 3 Jacobs, P. B. and Yu, P. C. Two-Component Waterborne Poly-
hydroxyl groups versus water was confirmed by FT-IR. urethane Coatings, presented at the Waterborne, Higher Sol-
This is a very important advantage over typical cata- ids, and Powder Coatings Symposium, February 26-28, 1992.
lysts for the formulation of 2K WB PU coatings, as it 4 Seneker, S. D. and Potter, T. A., Solvent and Catalyst Effects
contributes to prevention of foaming, which helps to in the Reaction of Aliphatic Isocyanates with Alcohols and
optimize film appearance. Water, J. Coatings Tech., 63(713):19.
N
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EMD Chemicals PROFILE
Effect Pigments ADVERTORIAL
EMD Chemicals Inc. represents the North American subsidiary Iriodin® pearl luster effect pigments produce a unique
of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, for specialty chemicals. iridescent effect through the use of natural mineral mica
With a newly completed corporate office in Philadelphia, PA, a platelets. Depending on the size of the pigment particles, the
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ufacturing sites in Germany, Japan and China, EMD Chemicals Pyrisma® pigments were designed according to the ‘Merck
is well positioned as a global supplier to the coatings industry. Color Space Concept’, a new concept in which eight pig-
EMD Chemicals has created a broad palette of effect pigments with unusually high color saturation can be mixed
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Coatings formulation, preparation and application.
Major Markets Global Infrastructure

• Automotive OEM and Refinish Merck KGaA has 209 operating companies in 61 countries
• General Industrial (powder and coil coating) with approximately 40,000 employees and manufactures
• Architectural and Construction more than 50,000 different products in 26 countries.
• Plastic Coating
• Appliance and Packaging Environmental Responsibility
• Teletronics Merck KGaA aims to reduce total direct and indirect
• Architectural Panels greenhouse gas emissions, based on 2006 levels, by 20%
by the year 2020.
Major Products EMD Chemicals’ new corporate office in Philadelphia, PA,
Xirallic® pigments represent our high chroma crystal effects. (completed July 2011) received LEED Gold certification for
Using a new crystallization process, aluminum oxide plate- energy and environmental conservation in its design and
lets are produced with a perfectly planar surface and tight construction according to the US Green Building Council.
particle size distribution, resulting in a shimmering and very
pure interference color that is increased by direct sunlight.
Colorstream® pigments were developed through the cre-
EMD Chemicals
ation of highly transparent silicon dioxide platelets that when
coated, produce not just one attractive interference color but One International Plaza, Suite 300
a continuous change from one color to the next, depending Philadelphia PA 19113
on the angle of observation. Phone: 1-888-367-3275
www.emdchemicals.com
Foam-Control
Solutions
That Meet Today’s Tighter
Environmental Regulations
F oam
o
oaam control
cont
co nttro
n roll has
has al
ha alwa
always
lwaays b
been
een
ee n a ch
cchallenge
chal
halle
the coatings industry. Unlike many other
allle
industries that only need to control foam

during the manufacturing process, coatings
must be designed to perform over a poten-
leng
leng
nge in
tially long product shelf life so that the end user can open a
can of paint and apply it without bubbles that can contrib-
ute to defects in performance and detract from the overall
appearance. The need for short- and long-term efficacy is
in ar
a rti
ticl
icl
cle is
article is d esig
es ig n
igne
designedneeed
d to
t make
mak
a ke
ke that
thatt process
th prro
oceess
ss easier
eas
asier
methodical, and to review some of the newer chemistries
on the market, as well as their capabilities.
Foam Control
Before you can choose the right defoamer, it is important
to understand how foam is formed. In the coatings indus-
try, foam is the result of the presence of surfactants and
stabilizers that are necessary to uniformly disperse and
ier and
ie an
a nd mo
m re
re
more
a challenge, as defoamers are often formulated to prevent enhance the compatibility of pigments and fillers, coupled
production or application foam, but not both. In recent with the processes encountered during manufacturing
years, this challenge has been magnified as coatings and applications. Foam is most frequently created as a
formulations evolve in response to stricter environmental result of mechanical action, which introduces air into the
standards that limit the level of VOCs. product. Actions such as mixing, for example, put energy
As the industry continues to move toward low- or zero- into the liquid and generate foam. When a painter shakes
VOC coatings, there is an increased tendency to form and opens a can of paint and stirs it, air is introduced.
micro foam, a more stable foam that is more difficult to During application, when the roller or brush hits the wall
eliminate. In addition, shorter open times in these for- (which has porosity), the wet coating allows for pockets of
mulations require defoamers to be more fast-acting. Raw air, and bubbles become visible.
material suppliers and coatings manufacturers need to Once a bubble is formed, it rises to the surface. As it
stay one step ahead of the regulations and market trends rises, surfactants attach to the surface of the bubble, form-
in order to design products that are acceptable and pro- ing a liquid lamella. The lamella has the structure of two
vide effective solutions ready to match changing market surfaces – one being the internal surface of the bubble and
needs. What worked yesterday may the other being the external bubble
not necessarily work as effectively FIGURE 1 | The hydrophilic and hydrophobic por- surface. This causes the surfactants
with today’s newer formulations. tions of a defoamer are critical to its performance. to orient themselves to the lowest
The good and bad news for coat- thermodynamically stable state,
ings manufacturers is that, today, Air Hydrophobic Particle at which point the hydrophilic end
there are more choices in defoam- of the surfactant extends into the
ers, including synthetic-based, liquid lamella, and the hydropho-
organically modified silicones and bic end resides at the surface of the
enhanced mineral oil-based prod- media (Figure 1). The interaction
ucts, to mention just a few. This of the charges associated with the
means there is a better probability hydrophilic heads results in a repul-
of finding a defoamer that meets sive force that aids in stabilizing the
a specific need and application. bubbles. Surfactants also help sta-
Unfortunately, it also means addi- bilize the foam and entrained air
tional evaluation and testing may by reducing surface tension and
be required to confirm compatibil- increasing lamella viscosity. The
ity with a chosen defoamer. This result is a highly stable foam.
By Thomas Penny, Technical Sales Manager | Emerald Performance Materials Specialties Group, Charlotte, NC

The foam-control agent can work as an TABLE 1 | Common ingredients in foam-control products.
anti-foam to inhibit the formation of the
lamella or as a defoamer, which disrupts Liquid Base Media Hydrophobic Components and Activating Agents Emulsifiers
the lamella once it has formed. In a coat- Polydimethylsiloxane
Mineral oil Polyethylene Fatty esters
ing, these actions must be completed and (PDMS)
the surface allowed to re-level prior to Organically modified
Vegetable oil Polyesters Synthetic esters
drying to avoid defects. The three primary silicones
components of the foam-control product Synthetics
Waxes Hydrophobic silica Acrylates
drive these actions. Table 1 lists some of (polyol, esters)
the common ingredients used as primary Polydimethylsiloxane
Fatty amides Fatty esters Sulfonates
components. The various combinations of (silicone)
these diverse chemicals present an almost Water Metal stearates Sulfonated fatty acids Phosphate esters
infinite number of options for manufac-
turers today. This large number of options, groups, and pH and other variables, all of and shape for the nature of the foam.
while potentially confusing for the formu- which impact solubility and compatibility The size, shape and thickness (viscosity)
lator, is necessary given the number and of potential additive choices. of the foam, and the media, impact the
nature of components in today’s coatings. As a result, no single defoamer is foam stability, as well as the gravity and
Looking more closely at the three main appropriate for all applications. When capillary forces of the interstitial space
components of the average defoamer, the determining which defoamer will work between the lamella walls. This will dic-
primary function of the liquid vehicle is best, it is critical to identify one with a liq- tate the mechanism necessary to break
to aid in the introduction of the active uid phase that has a degree of incompati- the bubbles. In fact, the capillary forces
hydrophobe into the liquid media. The bility with the coatings media into which are greatest in microfoam where the
emulsifier/spreading agent, as the name it will be dosed, as well as a rapid spread- diameter of the interstitial spaces is the
implies, facilitates hydrophobe spreading ing coefficient. And, since the hydro- smallest, presenting a greater challenge
and can adsorb at the air/water interface phobic particle works on a semi-specific An additional challenge for coatings
of a bubble and, hence, displace some contact angle, it must be the correct size today is that low-VOC formulations have
of the bubble-stabilizing surfactants that
aided or caused foam formation. The
hydrophobic particles integrate into the
outer bubble wall to create areas of local-
ized de-wetting. This mechanism helps to
form gaps and rupture bubble walls, thus
aiding, to some extent, the prevention of
foam reforming.
Every ingredient found within an indi-
vidual defoamer has a function, whether
it is to assist in spreading, drainage for
thinning or lamella rupture processes,
preservative properties, product stability,
quick bubble break, or let-down stability,
to name a few.
Defoamer Choice – Meeting

Today’s Challenges
Foam in modern coatings is often more
stable and harder to control than in prior
coatings systems. Higher-VOC coalesc-
ing aids often, unknowingly, were mild
defoamers themselves. Their use, how-
ever, is being phased out, and newer
replacements that meet the lower-VOC
requirements, unfortunately, do so at a
price – with more foam being generated in
a more stable form.
Coatings formulations can utilize hun-
dreds of choices of resins, pigments, fill-
ers, dispersants and many other functional
ingredients. Their characteristics can differ
greatly with respect to surface charges,
hydrophobicty/hydrophilicity (HLB), the
presence of aromatic, linear and/or polar
Foam-Control Solutions That Meet Today’s Tighter Environmental Regulations
TABLE 2 | Relative comparison of defoamer costs, dosages required for effective foam control and overall impact on cost in
acrylic paint (<50 g/L).
Relative Prices:
Defoamer Dosage in Three Foam-Control Systems,
Standardized to Mineral Oil
Lb/100 Gal Paint
Type = 1.0 X
Defoamer System B: Defoamer System C:
Defoamer System A:
Low High Mineral Oil/PDMS Organically Mod.
Mineral Oil/Silica
Blend Silicone
Mineral oil/silica 1.0 1.3 8 4
PDMS 4.0 6.5 1
Organically modified silicone 3.5 5.5 2
Relative standardized
9.2 9.9 9.0
cost/100 gal - average
shorter open times because they dry quicker – as fast example, industrial and wood coatings manufacturers
as 30 to 60 seconds instead of the five minutes it took are being asked to create more clear coatings. These
for higher VOC formulations to dry. This means the coatings present the challenge of selecting a defoamer
defoamer must meet an extremely rapid bubble break that not only eliminates foam but also maintains the
time. The increase in popularity of spray coatings clarity of the system. Often, effective defoamers can
decreases the open time even more. cause a haze in clear coatings due to their inherent
The products and preferences being demanded by incompatibility with the system.
the end users are also changing, in turn impacting the In the paint category, there is greater demand for high-
defoamer choice for the coatings manufacturer. For gloss (shiny) finishes, which are more prone to generate
microfoam. Accent walls with high pigment concentra-
tions have also become trendy. As more colorants are
FIGURE 2a | Value in use – relative cost and performance of defoamer systems in added, the amount of foam also increases. Such design
acrylic paint (<50 g/L VOC).
trends can greatly impact how the products are being
Dosage, Relative Cost/100 Gal
350 14 used, as well as the amount of foam they generate.

300 12 Semigloss paints tend to create the greatest foam-
Bubble Break Time
250 10 control challenge. Older defoamers on the market inher-

200 8 ently knock down gloss, creating an unacceptable flat
150 6
look. Newer chemistries are often required to control foam
100 4
without removing the gloss.
Although there actually may be a number of defoamers
50 2
that can produce moderately effective results in a formula-
0 0
tion, choosing the optimum one requires answers to a few
System A: System B: System C:
basic questions:
Enhanced PDMS/Enhanced New Organically
Mineral Oil/Silica Mineral Oil/Silica Modified Silicone • Is the defoamer compatible with the system and prod-
uct? In other words, does it have any adverse effect on
Initial Bubble Break Time Aged Bubble Break Time the appearance or quality of the finished product? Are
Dosage, lb/100 gal) Cost Impact on Paint there specific constraints, i.e., gloss, clarity, ease of
incorporation that must be met?
• How efficient is the defoamer? That is, how much of the
FIGURE 2b | Value in use – relative cost and performance of defoamer systems in defoamer is needed to control foam (low dose or high
acrylic paint (<50 g/L VOC). dose)?
• Is the product being used for an interior or exterior
Dosage, Relative Cost/100 Gal
14.0 70 application? If it is exterior, there might be different wet-

12.0 60 ting agents or anti-fungal additives.
10.0 50 • Is the product designated for food contact? What FDA
8.0 40 regulations must be met?
Gloss
6.0 30 • Is the product being used in an application that requires

4.0 20 no- or low-VOC content? If so, not only does the chosen
2.0 10 defoamer need to meet the low-VOC requirements, but it
0.0 0 must also be able to overcome the challenges of working
Defoamer Defoamer Defoamer with other low-VOC additives. In general terms, the lower
System A: Mineral System B: Mineral System C: Organically the VOC content the greater the foam-control challenge.
Oil/Silica Oil/PDMS Blend Mod. Silicone • What is the application – spraying, brushing, dip coat-
ing, etc? The shear rate applied in each application dif-
Relative Defoamer Cost Impact on Paint Defoamer Dosage, Lb/100 Gal fers and greatly influences the defoamer selection.
Gloss, 60º • What is the nature of the foam-control issue? Is it

during production or during applica- Emerald’s FOAM BLAST ® 331, which later date. Further, there is often a direct
tion? If it’s happening in production, it is a low/zero-VOC mineral oil product, relationship between increasing defoamer
requires quick foam control. If the end and FOAM BLAST 4201, which consists usage and decreasing gloss. This can be
user is complaining, a defoamer with of active products emulsified in pure seen clearly in Figure 2b, which shows
improved aging ability might need to be water without glycols, are examples of the highest gloss retention for System C.
considered. newer chemistries that compete well in This example demonstrates that the high-
• Is temperature an issue? Thermally the niche category of environmentally est cost-per-pound defoamer can actually
cured coatings require additives with friendlier foam-control solutions. be the most economical to use while also
higher flash points. Modified silicone defoamers are grow- delivering other important benefits.
• How much does it cost? The upfront ing in popularity, especially in the coat-
price-per-pound is only one piece of ings industry. This is driven by their low Conclusion
data and not the most important one. usage rates, high activity and relative As this article has demonstrated, choosing
What matters most is the actual usage compatibility. In the past, many of these the right defoamer requires in-depth tech-
cost (also known as the value in use). If defoamers were considered cost-prohibi- nical knowledge and consideration of the
you switch to a newer-generation prod- tive based on a price-per-pound perspec- value in use of the product. So the decision
uct, you may likely reduce the usage tive. On a usage cost basis, however, this to use a specific defoamer should be based
level and overall cost, even if the pur- is not necessarily the case, as the overall not only on the product’s capabilities,
chase price is higher. impact on the cost of a gallon of paint is but also on the seller’s ability to provide
relatively small, as shown in Table 2. technical support, resources and advice.
Newer Foam-Control Solutions The dramatic increase in the cost of Beyond the obvious product questions
At the same time that EPA restrictions base oils used in the manufacture of many already addressed, it is also important to
are getting tighter, there is also growing popular lower-cost defoamers has signifi- ask a few questions of your supplier.
demand for “greener” products, technolo- cantly changed the view of foam-control • Does the company have an in-house lab?
gies and solutions. Manufacturers of coat- costs. Take, for instance, the results seen • Is there capability for the supplier to
ings are looking to create more environ- in Figure 2 of three different foam-control screen and test products?
mentally friendly labels which, in turn, systems on a 100% acrylic <50 g/L VOC • Can the supplier provide technical ser-
create the need to change the ingredients architectural coating. The higher cost per vice such as ladder studies to aid in
in today’s newer defoamers. When feasi- pound for the defoamer alone (System defoamer selection and determine the
ble, more renewable resources are replac- C) surprisingly had a slightly lower cost minimum level that can be used to still
ing older ingredients. A prime example is impact, on average, on a gallon of paint achieve optimal results?
the replacement of petroleum-based oils than the other two systems due to its high With the right defoamer and the right
with soy bean-based materials. efficiency. System C required much lower supplier, you should be able to save money,
Without official definitions of what levels to provide highly effective foam con- meet current EPA regulations, minimize
constitutes “green,” it is not always trol as shown in Figure 2a. It exhibited customer complaints and achieve greater
easy to objectively determine how one a more rapid initial foam knock down aesthetics in your end product.
defoamer compares to another in the and better “aged” foam inhibition, which
area of sustainability. Products such as is beneficial when the paint is used at a For more information, visit www.emeraldmaterials.com.
Green. Flexible. Fast. Strong.

OxylinkTM
Use the additive solution for:
The additive for
better waterborne Stronger waterborne coatings
coatings
Faster drying
Better blocking resistance
Higher humidity resistance
Buhler Inc. (NT)
Increased productivity
Oxylink@buhlergroup.com
USA / Canada: 512 - 466 8005
Europe / Asia: +49 (0) 681 - 394 6550
www.buhlergroup.com
EXPANSION OF
COLOR SPACE
in Architectural Coatings
P oint-of-sale
i f l (POS) paint i tinting
i i has
h been
b
prevalent in the North American market for
the last 50 years. The first POS system intro-
duced by a Colortrend USA LLC predeces-
sor company had a line-up of 12 colorants.
These standard 12 colorants laid the cornerstone for the
machine tinting and color system concept used globally. It is
not uncommon for other color systems to have 9 or even 10
colorants, and in Europe, there are some systems containing
coverage off color
l space. In I addition
ddi i to pigment
i
that lead to color space expansion, some of the newer
pigments also provide better exterior durability and
more opacity. As an added benefit, these new colo-
rant choices are now being offered in zero-VOC and
alkylphenol-ethoxylate (APE)-free systems to address
environmental concerns.
Colortrend USA LLC has developed Colortrend® 808
and 808HP (High Performance) zero-VOC colorants,
h i
choices
as many as 16 colorants. Even though there is a wide variety offering more than two dozen colorants to choose from.
in the number of colorants used, the ultimate color space or Table 1 provides a list of the colorants available, along
gamut is determined by the chroma (or brightness) of the with their respective canister codes, color index num-
organic colorants in the lineup. This color space incorporates bers and product descriptions.
colorants such as organic yellow, medium yellow, organic To show the dramatic effect on the color gamut expan-
red, magenta, phthalo blue and phthalo green, with the sion that these new colorants have, a selection of high-
lightness/darkness determined by the black and white. performance colorants and the traditional standard 12
Due to new technology, colorant development has colorants were compared. For this comparison, the calcu-
benefited from wider pigment choices leading to greater lated absorption {K} and scattering {S} values were used
to predict the theoretical total color gamut available. In
FIGURE 1a | CIELAB a*b* plot of color gamut produced by traditional colorants. this color visualization, colors are evenly spaced apart at a
designated interval to represent the color gamut achieved.
FIGURE 1b | CIELAB a*b* plot of color gamut produced by HP colorants.
In Figures 1a and 1b, CIELAB a*b* plots, without regard to
the lightness value, L*, are shown.
a. b. As shown in Figures 1a and 1b there is a large expan-
sion in the yellow-red and blue-red quadrants, with a
small broadening in the blue-green and yellow-green
quadrants. The overall high colorant strength of the sys-
tem is a much-needed benefit, providing increased opacity
especially for neutral base colors. Overall, brighter, more
vivid and deeper colors are achievable.
Colortrend Modules
With such a variety of colorants, custom combina-
tions or “modules” have been prepared that can utilize
10, 12, even 16 canisters, based on customer require-
FIGURE 2 | Standard module. ments. Modules can be grouped into categories such as
“Standard,” “Performance” and “Performance Plus.”
Standard Module
In the Standard Colortrend 808 module the colorants are
coloristically equivalent to the 12 Colortrend 888 (glycol-
FIGURE 3 | Performance module. containing) system colorants, making the transition from
conventional to the environmentally friendly colorants
very simple. In Figure 2, the colorants in this module are
represented by their respective canister code.
By Teresa Kummer, Manager, Color Services, Colorants Americas | Colortrend USA LLC, Piscataway, NJ

Performance Module 7a-c were derived from empirical data using measure-
In the Colortrend Performance module the traditional ments of the single colorants prepared in each of the
organic yellow {AXX}, organic red {R} and medium yellow three bases presented. Drawdown panel measurements
{T} are replaced with HP organic yellow {AGF}, HP organic were taken using D65 illuminant, 10° observer, CIE
red {REE} and HP organic orange {ORE}, featuring a com- L*a*b color space, sphere geometry instrument, and
bination of standard, high-performance and high-strength
colorants. Benefits include increased opacity, durability, TABLE 1 | Colortrend 808 zero-VOC colorants.
fade resistance and expansion of color space. Figure 3
Product Code CI Product Description
shows the colorants contained within this module.
Standard Colorants
Performance Plus Module 808-0018 KX PW 6 Titanium White
In the Colortrend Performance Plus module the traditional 808-0422 V PR 122 Magenta
organic yellow {AXX}, organic red {R} and medium yel- 808-0836 R PR 188 Organic Red
low {T} are replaced with HP organic yellow {AGF}, HP 808-1045 F PR 101 Red Iron Oxide
organic red {REE} and HP organic orange {ORE}. A violet 808-1572 I Blend Brown Oxide
{JXE} is added, and to keep this module to 12 colorants, 808-1810 C PY 42 Yellow Iron Oxide
the brown oxide {I} is removed. In addition, high-strength 808-2009 L PBr 7 Raw Umber
colorants are also used to provide higher opacity when 808-2040 T Blend Medium Yellow
needed. Benefits include increased opacity, durability, fade 808-2551 AXX Blend Organic Yellow
resistance and expansion of color space. Figure 4 shows 808-5511 D PG 7 Phthalo Green
the colorants contained within this module.
808-7214 E PB 15:2 Phthalo Blue
An example of improved hiding power is a ‘fire-engine
808-9907 B PBk 7 Lamp Black
red’ color that typically requires as many as four coats of
High-Strength/Performance Organic Colorants
paint. With Colortrend 808 high-performance colorants,
it can be obtained with one to two coats. The HP organic 808-0424 QME PR 122 Magenta
yellow {AGF} and HP organic orange {ORE} improve the 808-0755 REE PR 254 Organic Red
fade resistance needed for exterior applications. 808-0763 HXE PR 112 Organic Red
The color gamut of the Performance Plus module is the 808-0972 ORE PO 73 Organic Orange
selection of colorants represented in Figure 1b and is com- 808-2556 AGF PY 97 Organic Yellow
pared to the Standard module represented in Figure 1a. 808-2554 SXE PY 74 Organic Yellow
808-5555 DXE PG 7 Phthalo Green
Façade Module 808-7055 EXE PB 15:3 Phthalo Blue
Traditionally, inorganic colorants {KX, I, F, C and L} have 808-8894 JXE PV 23 Violet
been used for applications requiring very durable pig- 808-9957 BXE PBk 7 Lamp Black
ments, limiting color space. With the inorganic colorant
High-Performance Inorganic Colorants
additions of bismuth vanadate yellow {BVE}, chrome
808-0910 IOE PY 216 Inorganic Orange
oxide green {CGE} and cobalt blue {CBE}, to the Façade
module, the color space is expanded. Figure 5 contains the 808-2860 BVE PY 184 Bismuth Vanadate Yellow
colorant lineup for this module. 808-2900 IGE PG 50 Cobalt Green
808-5560 CGE PG 17 Chrome Oxide Green
Façade Plus Module 808-7060 UBE PB 29 Ultramarine Blue
By incorporating the cobalt green {IGE}, inorganic 808-7460 CBE PB 28 Cobalt Blue
orange {IOE} and ultramarine blue {UBE} colorants 808-9960 BOE PBk 11 Black Oxide
along with the other inorganic colorants mentioned in
the Façade module, the color space is expanded even
further. The entire colorant lineup for this module is FIGURE 4 | Performance Plus module.
shown in Figure 6.
Façade colorants are suitable for silicate and silicone
paints. For applications that require excellent durabil-
ity, the Façade modules offer a wide range of hues that
increase the color gamut tremendously.
FIGURE 5 | Façade module.
Equal Volume Comparison
To demonstrate the wider color gamut now available,
equal volume comparisons in three levels of TiO2-
containing bases are shown in Figures 7a, b and c.
The colorant modules used for the comparison are the FIGURE 6 | Façade Plus module.
Standard and Performance Plus. The colors that can be
achieved in a tinted paint are determined by: base used,
colorant loading and the colorant itself.
The a*b* two-dimensional color plots shown in Figures
Expansion of Color Space in Architectural Coatings
FIGURE 7a | Color gamut a*b* plot for equal vol- FIGURE 7b | Color gamut a*b* plot for equal vol- FIGURE 7c | Color gamut a*b* plot for equal vol-
ume colorant loading in pastel base. ume colorant loading in tint base. ume colorant loading in deep base.
100 100 100
Pastel Base + b* + b* + b*
80 Tint Base 80 Deep Base 80
2.3 Lb/Gal TiO2 2.0 Lb/Gal TiO2 0.7 Lb/Gal TiO2
60 60 60
40 40 40
20 20 20
- a* + a* - a* + a* - a* + a*
0 0 0
-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
-20 -20 -20
-40 -40 -40
High -60 High -60 High -60
Performance Performance Performance
Traditional -80 - b* Traditional -80 Traditional -80
- b* - b*
-100 -100 -100
specular component included. Please note in this CIELAB a*b* these colors. A small portion of the color space is reduced with-
two-dimensional color plot, the lightness is disregarded. These out having the medium yellow {T} in the lineup; however, color
plots are used to demonstrate color gamut potential at maxi- space is expanded significantly with the addition of the organic
mum colorant loading for each base. orange {ORE}. The higher-strength red {REE}, blue {EXE},
In the TiO2-containing bases, higher-strength colorants allow green {DXE} and magenta {QME} colorants may allow colors to
for an expanded number of colors achievable within a specific be formulated by using a higher opacity base since much lower
base. In Figures 7a-c, the HP yellow {AGF} and HP orange quantities of colorants are required to achieve the same color.
{ORE} replaced the standard yellow {AXX} and medium yel- This results in an overall higher opacity for some of the colors
low {T} colorants, respectively, improving the fade resistance of leading to greater customer satisfaction, as fewer coats are
Cytec Coating Resins delivers

innovative products beyond
our customers’ imagination.
We are the pioneers in the
development and production
of high performance coating
solutions. Our line of coating
resins and additives allow
our customers to create
sustainable change for the
industries they serve.
Pioneering Contact us today:

US Toll Free: 800-652-6013
Sustainable Change Tel: 973-357-3193

Email: custinfo@cytec.com
www.cytec.com
© 2011 Cytec Industries Inc.

All Rights Reserved.
INNOVATION = VALUE
COATINGS:
Go ‘green’ with innovative
binder and additive technologies.
ADHESIVES & SEALANTS:
Conserve energy in production
and product use.
ELASTOMERS:
Formulate with alternative
raw materials, and do it
competitively.
YOUR CUSTOMERS DEMAND ENVIRONMENTALLY-FRIENDLY

PRODUCTS. LET UNIVAR SHOW YOU HOW YOU CAN GO GREEN.
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of sustainable ingredients — we can provide you with an innovative approach to your
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latest materials and technologies, and help you bring environmentally-friendly products
to market. Innovation, sustainability, expertise — it all adds up to value.
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Expansion of Color Space in Architectural Coatings
FIGURE 8a | CIELAB L*a*b* color plot showing a color system made using
Vivid Expressions Collection
The use of colorants is best represented by color systems that con-
traditional colorants.
sumers can visually appreciate. Colortrend® Vivid Expressions™
FIGURE 8b | CIELAB L*a*b* color plot showing an updated color system is a new color collection that offers 480 of the brightest, cleanest
adding Colortrend Vivid Expressions colors to the existing palette.
colors in the architectural coatings industry. Vivid Expressions
provides the flexibility to expand an existing system or be used
a. b. as a stand-alone POS system. Customers can take advantage of
using Colortrend zero-VOC 808 HP colorants to update, expand
and customize their color palette offering.
Figure 8a is a three-dimensional CIE L*a*b* color plot visual-
ization of a typical color system created from the traditional 12
colorants. Figure 8b shows the traditional colors (green) plotted
with Colortrend Vivid Expressions colors (blue) that were created
using the high-performance colorants. The added vibrant colors,
especially the selection of bright reds and the greater depth of
violets, broaden the color space attained.
needed. The color gamut comparisons provide good snapshots of Summary

extended color space attainable in each base. Flexibility in color choice and performance is essential for satisfying
In the neutral base, deeper, stronger and more vibrant colors changing market demands and addressing regional trends. As seen
can be achieved while increasing opacity, since the amount of in the color plots presented in this article, the Colortrend 808HP colo-
total pigment contained within the colorants is substantially rants expand color space potential while also improving the overall
higher. While the high strength of the colorants contributes to performance characteristics of the color in the finished coating.
the opacity, the expanded gamut results from the new pigments With the Vivid Expressions collection, customers can update,
used in the colorants – orange, violet, greener blue, a cleaner expand or customize their existing color palette, offering the
magenta and a brighter red. cleanest, brightest and best hiding colors in the industry today.
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C ALENDAR
Meetings, Shows and Educational Programs
SEPT. 6-7 5-7 Las Vegas

Anti-Corrosive Coatings III CEPE Annual Conference and General www.pnwsct.org/symposium-wcs
Berlin Assembly
www.european-coatings.com Dublin, Ireland 24-26
www.european-coatings.com/cepe Future of Pigments
7-9 Berlin
Spray Finishing Technology Workshop 6-8 www.pigmentmarkets.com
Toledo, OH Turkcoat Eurasia 2011
www.owens.edu/workforce_cs Istanbul, Turkey NOV. 1-3
www.turkcoat.com/?dil=en Chem Show
13-14
Coatings Trends & Technologies New York City
10-14
Oak Brook, IL www.chemshow.com
Introduction to Paint Formulation
www.coatingsconference.com Rolla, MO
9-11
14-15 http://coatings.mst.edu/index.html
Spray Finishing Technology Workshop
Asia Pacific Coatings Show Toledo, OH
16-18
Singapore www.owens.edu/workforce_cs
ASC Fall Convention
www.coatings-group.com
Indianapolis
www.ascouncil.org 21-23
19-23
ABRAFATI
Basic Composition of Coatings
18-20 São Paulo, Brazil
Rolla, MO
RadTech Europe www.abrafati2011.com.br/index_engl.html
http://coatings.mst.edu/basic1.html
Basel, Switzerland
OCT. 4-6 www.radtech-europe.com 23-25
2011 North American Industrial Coating Show ChinaCoat 2011
Cincinnati 23-26 Shanghai, China
www.thenaicoatingshow.com Western Coatings Symposium www.chinacoat.net
From liquid to powder,

we’ve got you covered!
Join us for a show focused entirely on
providing industrial coatings resources!
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P RODUCTS
Viscometer Additive
ELCOMETER: The Elcometer 2250 Krebs viscom- CABOT CORP.: Enova™ aerogel is a high-performance thermal
eter measures the viscosity of paints, varnishes, additive designed specifically for insulation coatings. It can be
adhesives, pastes and liquid inks. With a fixed added during formulation or on site and does not adversely affect
spindle speed of 200 rpm, accurate to ±1 percent, the viscosity of the coating. Its low thermal conductivity is superior
it offers users both a fully automatic or manual to traditional insulation such as polyurethane foam and additives.
Krebs viscosity test, displaying the viscosity on Visit www.cabotaerogel.com.
screen in a choice of Krebs units, grams or centi-
poise. Visit www.elcometer.com. Environmental Control System
JEOL: The JEOL Hydro Radiant Panel system is custom designed
Polyols and fitted to each room. Consisting of wall-mounted water-circulat-
STEPAN: STEPANPOL® PC 130-01 and STEPANPOL PC 160-01 ing panels, acoustic-absorbing materials, a water chiller, plumbing,
were designed for formulators trying to overcome the rigorous an optional air exchange system and a wall-mounted remote con-
demands of concrete coatings. When formulating concrete prim- troller, it insulates the instrument lab from temperature fluctuations.
ers, these products improve moisture barrier and reduce blister- Average temperature in the lab is maintained within 0.2 ºC (0.36 ºF)
ing, leading to superior adhesion. Visit www.stepan.com. per hour when optimized. Visit www.jeolusa.com.
Mixers Resin
CHARLES ROSS & SON CO.: Double Planetary Mixers feature CYTEC: When used as a co-resin, ADDITOL® LED 01 transforms
helical blades that prevent the climbing experienced with tradi- UV-curable formulations into lower-energy, UV LED-curable for-
tional rectangular stirrers. High-viscosity blades feature a precisely mulations. Traditional UV-curable coatings and inks cannot be
angled helical contour that generates a unique vertical mixing instantaneously and completely cured with currently available UV
action. The sweeping curve firmly pushes the batch material LEDs. ADDITOL LED 01 is designed to improve the surface cure,
forward and downward, keeping it within the mixing zone at all leading to faster line speeds and allowing for a bigger distance
times. E-mail sales@mixers.com. between curing unit and substrates. Visit www.cytec.com/UV.
IntertechPira’s Future of Pigments will provide a global platform

for the industrial pigment and cosmetic colorant industries. With
in-depth discussions of market trends, new pigment formulations
and technology, and end-user perspectives, the Future of Pigments
will provide attendees with a complete primer of the most
relevant and up-to-date information in the pigments industry.
This conference will be held concurrently with Color Cosmetics
Summit, allowing attendees to pay just one conference fee to
attend sessions from either event! The co-located conferences also
include a combined exhibit hall and numerous opportunities to
network with your colleagues.
You won’t want to miss this valuable opportunity
to hear top-level presentations, including:
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- An Amazing Development for a Bright Future
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October 24–26, 2011 7dZcWdo"cWdoceh[
Maritim Hotel, Berlin, Germany www.pigmentmarkets.com

Be sure to bookmark and visit www.pigmentmarkets.com Register by our Early Bird deadline of Tuesday, Sept. 6,
frequently for speaker and agenda updates! and save €150 off the full conference price!
SEPTEMBER 13-14, 2011
CTT 2010
SOLD OUT OAK BROOK, IL
WEEKS IN ADVANCE.
DON’T MISS YOUR
OPPORTUNITY
TO ATTEND
IN 2011!
KEYNOTE PRESENTATION
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DR. RICHARD D. JENKINS
GLOBAL GROUP PRESIDENT, Arkema CoaƟng Resins is a global business unit of Arkema, and manufactures
and markets an extensive line of resins and addiƟves for use in architectural and
ARKEMA COATING RESINS
industrial coaƟngs, powder coaƟngs, traĸc paints, coaƟngs for texƟles, leather and
non-wovens, pressure-sensiƟve adhesives, and construcƟon products.
Dr. Jenkins, previously the president of Arkema Emulsion Systems, has over 24 years
of industry experience covering a range of technology, markeƟng, and business leadership
posiƟons both in North America and abroad.
An acƟve leader in the coaƟngs industry, Dr. Jenkins serves on the Board of Directors of the
American CoaƟngs AssociaƟon, and is a member of the Tau Beta Pi and the Omega Chi Epsilon
engineering socieƟes. He has been awarded 29 patents and published over 70 scienƟĮc papers.
He received UCC’s Corporate Fellows Technology Award in 1994 and UCC’s Chairman’s Award for
Technology Leadership in 1995.
MORE THAN THIRTY PAPERS TO BE PRESENTED ALONG TWO DIFFERENT TRACKS

VIEW THE FULL AGENDA AT WWW.COATINGSCONFERENCE.COM
PRESENTING COMPANIES
Access Technologies, LLC The Dow Chemical Company Matheson
Advanced Composite Materials, LLC Dow CoaƟng Materials MomenƟve and Brueggemann
Anton Paar USA Eastman Chemical Company MomenƟve Specialty Chemicals
Arkema Emulsion Systems Emerald Performance Materials Nanophase Technologies CorporaƟon
Atlas Material TesƟng Technology LLC Encapsys OMG Americas
BASF CorporaƟon (a division of Appleton Papers Inc.) Q-Lab CorporaƟon
Bayer MaterialScience Evonik Industries Radex UV Powder CoaƟng
BYK Henkel CorporaƟon Rhodia, Inc.
Clariant CorporaƟon Hielscher USA, Inc. Southern Clay Products
CPS Color Keyland Polymer Ltd.
CURRENT PREMIUM EXHIBITORS
STANDARD EXHIBITORS
ACT Test Panels LLC • Anton Paar USA • Archway Sales, Inc. • EMI Mills, Hall Technologies • HALOX
Nanophase Technologies • Novolyte Performance Products • OM Group, PhibroChem • TABER Industries
during the
The Technology Forum for the

Coatings Industry. May 8 – 10, 2012
www.american-coatings-show.com
Indianapolis, IN, May 7 – 9, 2012
Call for Papers

Inspiring Innovation
The American Coatings Association (ACA), in partnership with Vinc- the ACC Program Committee and the ACA’s Roon Award Committee.
entz Network (VN) is calling for papers to be presented at the Ame- Authors who have been accepted for Roon Award consideration will
rican Coatings Conference 2012. This major technology forum for be notified separately, and will likely need to complete and submit
the coatings industry, which will take place May 7 – 9, 2012 in In- their final papers to the Roon Award Committee before February 24,
dianapolis, IN, is held in conjunction with the American Coatings 2012 to be considered.
Show, May 8 – 10. As the American Coatings Association’s most
valued event, it will again provide a world-class, high-level technical
and scientific forum, rallying leading industry experts from coatings
manufacturers, their suppliers, universities, and government part- Important Deadlines
ners across the nation and beyond. f Submission of title and abstract
September 30, 2011
Innovative companies as well as academic/governmental research
institutes are kindly invited to submit abstracts detailing high-level f Notification of acceptance to speakers
technical contributions to this event, presenting their latest research November 18, 2011
results that highlight advancements important to coatings as well
as to printing inks, adhesives and sealants. f Submission of full technical paper for the
conference proceedings
Important note: The conference organizers will select proposed February 24, 2012
presentations for the AC Conference based on the following cri-
teria: scientific significance, novelty and potential value-added to
the industry. Please note, that this selection is based solely on the
content of the abstract submitted. Prospective authors are strongly Where to submit?
encouraged to make clear in their abstract the research’s unique We kindly ask you to submit your title and abstract online at
contribution aligned with these criteria. Student papers are wel- www.american-coatings-show.com/callforpapers
come. A limited number of the accepted student papers will be offe-
red financial support from industry sponsors.
American Coatings Award

The most outstanding coatings paper will be honored with the Ame-
rican Coatings Award selected and sponsored by the American Coa-
tings Association and Vincentz Network. This prestigious award is
endowed with $ 2,500 and an attractive sculpture.
The Roon Award

The Roon Award is a cash prize funded through an endowment ma-
naged by the Coatings Industry Education Foundation (CIEF). Authors
wishing to have their eventual paper considered for the ACA Roon
Award should mark the appropriate designation on the form. As in
the past, Roon Award designated abstracts will be evaluated by both
Topics for technical papers f Architectural coatings (interior and exterior)
f Wood coatings
High-level technical papers are solicited on: f Coatings in plastic
f Protective coatings (marine and corrosion protection)
f Innovations in raw materials for coatings, printing inks, adhe- f Functional coatings
sives and sealants f Specialty coatings
y Polymers and resins f Coatings production technology
y Pigments and dyes f Measurement and testing
y Fillers f Printing inks
y Additives f Adhesives & sealants
y Solvents
f Technical/scientific studies on the interaction between these Invitation to Speakers and

materials and their impact on properties Requirements for Technical papers
f Fundamental studies on chemical and physical mechanisms Authors of new work describing research results and developments
and effects in coatings formulation, film formation curing or which are of relevance to the topics described above are kindly invi-
aging ted to submit a short, significant and conclusive abstract to the con-
ference organizers, outlining the technical/scientific/innovative/
f Laboratory testing and analysis methods and equipment novel content of the paper to be presented. Papers will be selected
on the basis of novelty, scientific and technical value, and practi-
f New developments in processing and production techniques cal relevance. Please note that, in order to comply with the expec-
and equipment, i.e. tations of the conference audience, abstracts, presentations and
y Mixing and dispersion equipment papers for the conference proceedings must be non-commercial in
y Raw materials handling style and focused exclusively on the technical/scientific content. To
y Filtrations & filling illustrate this policy, the use of trade names must be avoided whe-
y Automation and process control rever possible.
y Color management
y Packaging Important note: Papers will not be accepted if they have been previ-
y Curing ously presented or published elsewhere.
y Coating
f Success in 2012 and beyond

General Information for Speakers
y Legislation, regulation and standardization issues inclu- All submissions will be treated with the strictest confidence, and will
ding, but not limited to: only be announced if selected in the final program. The oral presen-
x National and international technology-forcing require- tation time will be 20–25 minutes in length followed by 5–10 minu-
ments tes for discussion. Speakers from the industry will be offered a full
x Sustainability, including developments in renewables conference participation including all materials for a special reduced
x Green chemistry rate. There will be no charge to speakers from academia. Co-authors
x Clean technology attending the conference must pay the full conference fees.
x Other product stewardship advancements
y Foreign trade and operations
y Acting global in a flat world
Submission Deadline
Please submit your technical abstract by September 30, 2011.
f Increasing value from R&D Abstracts must be submitted online at
y Open innovation
y Service engineering www.american-coatings-show.com/callforpapers.
y NineSigma
y Global R&D networks
y Speed to market
y Improving return on R&D investment
Questions? Please contact:
Application Areas
Vincentz Network · Matthias Janz
Focused parallel technical sessions will be held during the confe- Plathnerstr. 4 c · 30175 Hanover, Germany
rence, covering the following broad application areas: For US calls: +1 (202) 684-6630
f Automotive coatings (OEM and refinish) T: +49 511 9910-273 · F:+ 49 511 9910-279
f Industrial coatings matthias.janz@vincentz.net
C LASSIFIEDS
CUSTOM MANUFACTURING EQUIPMENT POSITIONS AVAILABLE
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The Shepherd Color Company, a growing
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Adhesive & Sealant Convention . . .53 Evonik Degussa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 56
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CINIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Q-Lab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 EDITORIAL STAFF
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Editor Kristin Johansson
Coatings Trends & Technologies . . .49 Tel: 248/641.0592 • Fax: 248/502.2094
www.coatingsconference.com www.mixers.com
E-mail: kristin@pcimag.com
Conn and Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Sartomer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
www.connblade.com www.sartomer.com
Technical Editor Darlene R. Brezinski, Ph.D.
E-mail: darpaint@aol.com
CPS Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 SensaDyne Instrument Div. . . . . . . .21
www.cpscolor.com www.sensadyne.com
Associate Editor Karen Parker
Tel: 248/229.2681
Cytec Industries Inc.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 Taber Industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
www.cytec.com E-mail: parkerpcimag@gmail.com
www.taberindustries.com
Datacolor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Art Director Clare L. Johnson
Tec 5 USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
www.datacolor.com www.tec5usa.com
DeFelsko Corp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 OPERATIONS STAFF
www.defelsko.com
TRICOR Systems Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
www.imagingspectrophotometer.com Single Copy Sales Ann Kalb
Elcometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 E-mail: kalbr@bnpmedia.com
www.elcometer.com Univar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
www.univarcorp.com Reprint Manager Jill L. DeVries
EMD Chemicals Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 248/244.1726
www.emdchemicals.com/xirallic Vicinity Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . .46
www.vicinitymanufacturing.com E-mail: devriesj@bnpmedia.com
EMI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
www.EMImills.com Wacker Chemical Corporation . . . .25
Emerald Performance www.wacker.com/knows-solutions
For subscription information or service,
Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, 23 X-Rite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 please contact Customer Service at:
www.emeraldmaterials.com www.xrite.com Tel: 847/763.9534 or Fax: 847/763.9538 or
e-mail PCI@halldata.com
MICRO POWDERS
There are very few places in today's
home where Micro Powders wax
WAX ADDITIVES. additives aren’t at work enhancing

performance. From window frames to
FOR SUPERIOR appliances to floors and furniture,

our unique waxes make coatings
SOLUTIONS ALL function better.

They’re used in wood coatings to aid
OVER THE HOUSE. sanding, prevent marring and provide a

smooth feel. They increase scratch
resistance in the coatings for refrigerators,
stoves and washing machines that
are used every day. They also provide
textured surfaces on phones, televisions,
computers, CD and DVD players.
Micro Powders waxes help decks bead
water. On window shutters and
frames, they contribute to mar
resistance and dirt release. They
enable front doors to resist
impact, and add
texture to walkways and
poolsides for excellent
traction. Even two and
three-piece food and
beverage cans benefit
from our additives for easy
interior release and
exterior scratch resistance.
For better solutions all
over the house,
just check us out at
www.micropowders.com
or contact our worldwide
network of agents and
distributors today.
MICRO POWDERS, INC.

Certified to ISO 9001:2000
580 White Plains Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591 TEL: 914-793-4058 FAX: 914-472-7098 WEB: www.micropowders.com
Fan-tastic!
COLORTREND® 808 No-VOC
High Performance Colorants
Introducing COLORTREND® 808HP No-VOC colorants and Vivid Expressions™,

the newest color collection offering 460 of the brightest, cleanest colors in the coatings
industry. Vivid Expressions™ provides the flexibility to expand an existing COLORTREND®
system or be used as a stand alone point-of-sale color system.
For more information,
Now you will experience broader color space for brighter colors, plus high performance please contact your local
solutions for better durability, superior fade resistance and improved opacity. By utilizing Account Manager.
this latest No-VOC colorant technology you will also meet growing market demands and
Colortrend USA LLC
exceed environmental regulations.
2 Turner Place
As the largest independent colorant manufacturer and a global leader in specialty P. O. Box 677
chemicals, Evonik continues to deliver eco-friendly, innovative, color system solutions. Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
Just one more step to making our world safer, brighter, better – inside and out!
phone +1 732 981 5343
colored by colortrend www.evonik.com/colortrend

(Kristin Johansson) Paint & Coating Industry Augus

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August 2011

VOLUME 27, NUMBER 8

Paint Coatings Industry New Water-Soluble Catalyst

Globally Serving Liquid and Powder Formulators and Manufacturers

New Testing Capabilities Better Serve Medical

Recent Developments in Bulk Bag Fillers and

How can Xirallic® pigment help us sell more coatings?

By helping sell more cars!

For more information call: 800.222.0342

BASF Releases Automotive Color Forecast

Making bubbles Controlling them requires Emerald’s

Call 1-866-688-FOAM today to learn how we effectively make foam

The leader in microbial control additives

Cost control World-class microbial control Excellence in responsible care

CPS Color specializes in colorant systems ranging from

CONN AND CO., L.L.C. Stirrers Or Complete Units For:

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MILLING TZMI Releases Annual Review of TiO2 Pigment Market

Solutions for sales position in Dallas, TX. Lintech has also

Paints & Coatings Cognis Corp. has named Kangming Ma

Clariant has appointed Hans-Joachim

k Failure Analysis India operation.

Pat O’Brien has joined

Arkema Emulsion Systems has named

Hans Wijers, Chief Executive Officer of

Contact Ross today to

The PreMax with a Delta generator *Patent No. 6,000,840

Ross Mixing Expands Port St. Lucie Plant

US and Canada 800.521.0635 | www.elcometer.com

Mason Color Works, Inc. A History of Pigment Technology Excellence

Soon thereafter, the Swimming Pool and Spa colorant industry

Our fully outfitted Powder Coating Laboratory and skilled

U.S. Zinc Signs Distribution

Rhodia Increases Hydroquinone

OMNOVA Solutions Expands Manufacturing of Pliotec

eye Coating Resins

^ŽůƵƟŽŶƐfor PPG Opens Headquarters in Shanghai

sŝƐŝƚƵƐĂƚ Sieving for Particle Size Distribution

FMP Coating Thickness Instruments tec5USA, Inc.

PAINT & COATINGS INDUSTRY 21

22 AUGUST 2011 | W W W . P C I M A G . C O M

Don’t settle for yesterday’s solutions. Call 330-916-6700 or visit

® Registered trademarks of Emerald Performance Materials, LLC

For more information about CAS-MI Laboratories, visit

This article is reprinted with express permission of

YOU KNOW US.

To learn more about our customized solutions, visit us at www.wacker.com/knows-solutions

By combining the coating resins businesses of Arkema Emulsion

Visit www.arkemacoatingresins.com to see how we can help.

©2011 Arkema Inc. arkemacoatingresins.com

New Concept and Approach

By Arthur Gatenby, President | CSC Scientific Company, Inc., Fairfax, VA

28 AUGUST 2011 | W W W . P C I M A G . C O M

compare the wear on a sieve and a ref-

For more information, call 703/876.4030 or

T wo-component waterborne polyure-

Reactivity and Film Formation

32 AUGUST 2011 | W W W . P C I M A G . C O M

without catalyst shows the difference in curing complete-

TABLE 1 | Formulation 1 – high performance. Results

34 AUGUST 2011 | W W W . P C I M A G . C O M

Major Markets Global Infrastructure

industries that only need to control foam

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