STRUCTURE

SKILL 1 (SUBJECTS AND VERBS)

Yang biasa ditemui :

 A sentence in English must have at least one subject and one verb
 Common types of problems are :
1. Subject is missing
2. Verb is missing
3. Subject and verb missing
Yang bisa menjadi :
Subjects
 Noun : car, house, etc.
 Noun phrase : a small car, etc.
 Pronoun : I, You, We, etc.
Verbs
 To be : Am, Is, Are, etc.
 Modals : will, would, etc.
 K.Kerja V1/V2/Vs/es
 Have/has + V3
EXAMPLE 1
.......was ringing continously for hours.
a. Loudly
b. In the morning
c. The phone
d. The bells
Catatan : berakhiran -ly : adverb
EXAMPLE 2
Newspapers......every morning and every evening.
a. Delivery
b. Are delivered
c. On time
 d. Regularly
EXAMPLE 3
The plane......landing at the airport in five minutes.
a. It is
b. It really is
c. Is descending
d. Will be
EXERCISE 1
1. ......My bestfriend always helpful with problems.

2. ......The bus schedule has changed since last week.

3. ......Accidentally dropped the glass on the floor.

4. ......The customer paying the clerk for the clothes.

5. ......The professor handed the syllabus to the students.

6. ......Each day praticed the piano for hours.

7. ......The basketball player tossed the ball into the hoop.

8. ......The new student in the class very talkaltive and friendly.

9. ......Walking with the children to school.

10. .....The whales headed south for the winter.

SKILL 2 (OBJECTS OF PREPOSITIONS)

 Preposition : in, on, at, bellow, etc.

 Object of preposition merupakan kata benda atau kata ganti yang
terletak setelah preposisi (objek preposisi tidak bisa menjadi subjek)
Contoh :
The prices (of the books) (in the store) is very cheap.

The trip (to the island) (on Saturday) will last for three hours.

YANG SERING MUNCUL

About Before For On Under
Across Behind From Outside Unlike
After Beside In Over Until
Against Between Inside Past Up
Along Beyond Into Since Upon
Among By Like Though Versus
Around Despite Near Thoughout With
As Down Of To Within
At During Off Toward Whithout

EXAMPLE
To Mike.....was a big surprise.
a. Really
b. The party
c. Funny
d. When
Catatan : Mike tidak dapat menjadi subjek karena didahului preposisi sehingga
kalimat tersebut belum ada subjeknya.
EXERCISE 2
1. .......The name of the baby in the crib is Jack.

2. .......By the next meeting of the class need to turn in the papers.

3. .......The directions of the exercise on page twenty unclear.

4. .......Because of the heavy rain thoughout the night, the walkways are
muddy.

5. .......During the week eat lunch in the school cafetaria.

6. .......In the morning aftter the concert was tired.

7. .......In the morning the trip to the mountains is our favourite trip.

8. .......In a box on the top shelf of the cabinet in the hallway of the house.

9. .......With her purse in her hand ran through the door

10........At 1:00 in the morning the alarm clock on the table beside the bed
rang.
EXERCISE SKILL 1 AND 2
1. Mark Twain......the years after the Civil War the “Gilded Age”
a. Called
b. Calling
c. He called
d. His calls
2. Early.......toes instead of hooves on their feet.
a. Horses
b. Had horses
c. Horses had
d. Horses having
3. ......grow close to the ground in the short Arctic summer.
a. Above tundra plants
b. Tundra plants
c. Tundra plants are found
d. For tundra plants
4. In 1867,.......Alaska from the Russians for $7.2 million.
a. Purchased the US
b. To purchase the US
c. The US purchase of
d. The US purchased
5. Between 1725 and 1750, New England witnessed an increase in the
specialization of.......
a. Occupations
b. Occupies
c. They occupied
6. The large carotid artery......to the main parts of the brains.
a. Carrying blood
b. Blood is carried
c. Carries blood
d. Blood carries
7. .........radio as the first practical system of wireless telegraphy.
a. Marconi's development
b. The development by Marconi
c. Developing Marconi
 d. Marconi developed
8. In 1975, the first successful space probe to......beginning to send
information back to Earth.
a. Venus
b. Venus the
c. Venus was
d. Venus it was
9. The two biggest resort......Arkansas are Hot Springs and Eureka Springs.
a. In
b. Towns in
c. Towns are
d. Towns are in
10.NASA's Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center.......control center for the
Mercury Gemini and Apollo space flights.
a. It was at the
b. It was the
c. Was the
SKILL 3 (PRESENT PARTICIPLE)

 Present participle : verb + ing (e.g. arriving, teaching, studying)

 It can function as :
a. A part of verb
b. An adjective
AS PART OF VERB

 If verb + ing is accompanied by to be

 Example :
a. The train is arriving at station on time

b. The students are speaking English with the teacher

AS AN ADJECTIVE

 If verb + ing isn't accompanied by to be

 Example :
a. Train arriving at station is now a hour late

b. The students speaking with the teachers are from class 10

 Example question :
The film......appearing at the local theater is my favourite.
a. Now
b. Is
c. It
d. Was
EXERCISE 3

 ........The crying baby needs to be picked up.

 .......The clothes are lying on the floor should go into the washing
machine.

 ........The waitress bringing the steaming soup to the waiting dinners.

 ........Most of the striking workers are walking the picked line.

 ........For her birthday, the child is getting a taking boy.

 ........The setting sun creating a rainbow of colors in the sky.

 ........The ship is sailling to Mexico is leaving tonight.

 ........The letters needing immediate answers are on the desk.

 ........The booring class just ending a few minutes ago.

 ........The fast moving clouds are bringing freesing rain to the area.
SKILL 4 (PAST PARTICIPLE)

 Past participle : reguler and irregular verb

 It can function as :
a. A part of verb
b. An adjective
AS A PART OF VERB

 If it appears/accompanied by have or be
 Example :
The mailman has left a letter in the mailbox.

The classes taught by Prof. Smith were interesting.

 Example question :
The bread.......baked this morning smelled delicious.
a. Has
b. Was
c. It
d. Just
EXERCISE 4

 .......The food is served in this restaurant is delicious.

 .......The plane landed on the deserted runway.

 .......The unexpected guests arrived just at dinnertime.

 .......The courses are listed in the catalogue are required course.

 .......The teacher found the lost exam

 .......The small apartment very crowded and disorganize

 .......The photographs developed yesterday showed Sam and his friends.

 ........The locked drawer contained the unworn jewels.

 ........The tree was blown over in the storm was cut into logs.

 ........The students registered in this course are listed on that sheet of

page.
EXERCISE SKILL 3 AND 4
1. The first.......appeared during the last period of the dinosaurs reign.
a. Flowers are plants
b. Plants have flowers
c. Plants flowers
d. Flowering plants
2. The earliest medicines.......from plants of various sorts
a. Obtaining
b. They obtained
c. Were obtained
d. They were obtained
3. Simple sails were made from canvas.......over a frame.
a. A strech
b. Streched
c. Was streched
d. It was streched
4. Pluto's moon, Charon, in a slighty elliptical path around the planet.
a. Moving
b. Is moving
c. It was moving
d. In its movement
5. Techniques of breath control form an essential part of any.....program to
improve the voice.
a. It trains
b. Train
c. Trains
d. Training
6. Robert E. Lee.......the Confederate army to General Grant in 1865 at the
Appomattox Courthouse.
a. Surrendered
b. He surrendered
c. Surrendering
d. Surrender
7. The piuitary gland,........the brain, releases hormones to control other
glands.
a. Found below
b. Finds itself below
 c. It is found below
d. Its foundation below
8. At around two years of age, many children regularly produce
sentences.......three or four word.
a. Are containing
b. Containing
c. Contain
d. Contains planet
9. Multinational companies........it increasingly important to employ
internationally acceptable brand names.
a. Finding
b. Are finding
c. They find
d. They are finding
10.To cornea is located under the conjuction, on.......of the eyes.
a. The part is exposed
b. Exposed the part
c. The exposed part
d. Exposes the part
SKILL 5 (COORDINATE CONNECTORS)
 Many sentences in English have more than one clause
 Clause is a group of words containing a subject and verb
 Two clauses in English sentences are connected by a coordinate
connector (and, but, or, so)
Look at the sentences below :
The sun was shining, and the sky was blue.

The sky was blue, but it was very cold.

It may rain tonight, it may be clear.

It was raining outside, so I took my umberella.

Example question :
I forgot my coat,......I got very cold.
a. Then
b. So
c. Later
d. As a result
EXERCISE 5
 The lawn needs water everyday, or it will turn brown.

 The book was not long, but it difficult to read.

 It was raining, so decided not to go camping.

 The material has been cut, and the pieces have been sewn together.

 The patient took all the medicine, he didn't feel much better.
 The bill must be paid immediately, or the electricity will turned off