Name: ________________________________________Gr.

8 __________ Week 2
Date ____________

Basic Types of Research

Research involves the logical and systematic ways of obtaining data which
allowed important data to be collected and analyzed. Such has become a standard
method to almost all fields of study like science and technology, medicine, physics,
mathematics, education, sociology, ethics, politics, sports, business, psychology, etc.
Research is considered a determining tool to success of any endeavor.

Everyday, humans are encountered with new questions, critical problems and
phenomena that needs immediate answer or solution; which could eventually be used
as reference for future plans and actions.

Research scientists have to perform several researches to find causes, workable

solutions, explanation and applications about it.

There are several types of scientific research that can be categorized based on
purpose, method, and time.
Category Definition Examples
It aims to investigate studies that seeks
basic knowledge to explain to explain weird
why an event or process of weather
phenomenon happens. The phenomena; wind
Basic results of the study may patterns;
Research or may not lead to reproductive
practical use since it is cycles of animals,
concerned only to provide etc.
an insight or logical
explanation.
PURPOSE
It aims to solve practical studies on the
problems in the 21st fabrication of
century in order to find novel materials for
Applied
solutions that may improve construction,
Research
health, solve scientific medical and
problems or develop new packaging
technologies applications
Its goal is to “determine evaluating the
Evaluation
whether a social learning outcomes
Research
intervention has produced of a new teaching
 an intended result” strategy
It focuses on the product
discovery of concepts or innovations, novel
Research and ideas that leads to the techniques, latest
Development development of new medical,
products, methods or biotechnologies
improved technologies
It uses different ways to analyzes the
evaluate, investigate, and learning
analyze methods designed performances of
to diagnose certain learners before
problem or weakness in and after exposure
Action
learning situations. Its goal to new learning
Research
is create simple, practical, strategies
repeatable methods of
learning and evaluation in
improving learning
situations.

It seeks to figure out if studies on the

two or more existing number of
Correlational
variables are related and, incidence dengue
Study
if so, in what way. cases and clogged
street drains
It seeks to find surveys on college
relationships between course
Causal-
independent and dependent preferences of
METHOD Comparative
variables after an action SHS students
(*Quantitative Research
or event has already after COVID 19
Types)
occurred. Pandemic
It measures the effect or studies on the level
outcome of an of potency of
experimental treatment certain plant
Experimental or intervention; or it extracts on
Research studies the “cause and laboratory
effect” relationship cultured
between certain factors on microorganisms
situation under controlled
 conditions.
Involves careful approach Involves personal
of a researcher in attempt data gathering,
to change the behavior of assessment
the an individual or small measures and
group of individuals of series of interview
Single-
which the goal is to modify sessions to
subject
the behavior for the encourage patients
Research
better. to practice
behavioral change
such as in special
education and
counseling.
It is considered asurveys on
scientific method that biodiversity index
involves observing and of certain location,
describing behavior of population index of
subject without threatened
interaction from the species, number of
Descriptive
researcher. It can also patients admitted
Research
categorized as either in a day, number of
quantitative (numerical male and female
data) or qualitative type babies born in a
( observations) depending day, etc.
on the kind of data
presented.
*Quantitative Researches aims to quantify or reflect in precise numbers and measurements the
observations on the characteristics of the population or objects being studied; and requires statistical
analysis of data or the testing of hypothesis based on a sample of observations.
Its main objective is to Documentaries on
explore and conceptualize many fields of
human experience in interest such as
written format through in- anthropology,
METHOD Narrative depth interviews of communication
(*Qualitative
Types)
Research experiences of people and studies, cultural
analysis of written studies, economics,
documents education, history,
linguistics,
medicine, nursing,
 psychology, social
work, and sociology
as well as
ethnography,
phenomenology,
grounded theory,
narratology, action
research, and
literary analysis.
It focuses on the study of Traditional songs
the cultural similarities and poems of
and differences of a group indigenous tribes in
Ethnographic
of people in their own a specific village is
Research
environment through closely studied
participant observation and through cultural
face-to-face interviewing. immersion
*Qualitative Research focuses on verbal descriptions and explanations of human behavior and
practices in an attempt to understand how the units or members of a study population experience or
explain their own world.
Cross- Participant of different Survey on the
sectional ages studied at same time perception of the
Research word “Pandemic” on
Filipinos across
different ages
TIME Longitudinal One group of people Examining the
Research studied over a period of effects of poor
time. nutrition in early
life and its effects
on aging over a
period of time.

What’s More?
Among all of these types of researches, you will be focusing solely on
experimental research which will prepare you in making your proposed plan (science
investigatory project) throughout the fourth quarter. Below are the categories or
experimental researches for students:
 Categories of Experimental Researches for Students

Categories Characteristics Subcategories

Animal Sciences,
Biomedical and Health Sciences,
project that focuses Cellular and Molecular Biology,
LIFE
on living organisms Microbiology, Medical Sciences,
SCIENCES and life processes and Plant Sciences, Computational
Biology and Bioinformatics,
Biochemistry;
Biomedical Engineering,
Mathematics, Energy: sustainable
project that focuses
materials and design, Earth and
on the natural
PHYSICAL Environmental Sciences,
sciences that deals
SCIENCES primarily with non-
Environmental Engineering,
Engineering Mechanics,
living materials
Physics and Astronomy, and
Materials Science;
Robotics and intelligent
machines (biomechanics, cognitive
systems, control theory, machine
learning, robot kinematics);
Systems software
projects dealing with
(algorithms, cybersecurity,
the conception,
databases, human/machine
design, construction,
ROBOTICS manufacture and
interface, language and operating
systems, mobile apps, online
operation of robots
learning);
in automation
Embedded systems
(circuits, internet of things,
microcontrollers, networking and
data communications, optics,
sensors, signal processing
 Activity 5: Can you categorize these list of student
science investigatory projects?

Categorize the previous work of RSHS-VI student researches as “PSci” for

Physical Science; “LSci” for Life Science or “Robo” for Robotics. The first row is already
filled up for you.

Title of Work Category

INTELLIGENT CLAW-ARM PLASTIC BOTTLE COLLECTOR Robo
ROOT FORMATION OF MANGOSTEEN CUTTINGS EXPOSED
TO DIFFERENT ROOT HORMONES UNDER NON-MIST
PRODUCTION
LIGHT ACTIVATED SOLAR POWERED CHARGER
AUTOMOTIVE ROVER (LASPCAR)
MICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF Cassia alata BARK EXTRACT ON
Eschirichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
FLEXURAL STRENGHT OF PARTICLE BOARD MADE FROM
PINEAPPLE (Ananas comosus Merr.) LEAVES, SHREDDED
PLASTIC AND PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE RESIN
BROAD SPECTRUM MICROBIAL POTENCY OF
PHYTOCHEMICAL ISOLATES FROM Rhizophora mangle Linn.
REVERSE ELECTROMAGNETIC POWER CHARGER
Colocassia esculenta ROOT EXTRACTS AS ALTERNATIVE
CULTURE MEDIA FOR WIDE RANGE OF MICROBES
ASSESSMENT OF MICROFLORA ISOLATED FROM SHIPWORM (Teredo
navalis) GASTROINTESTINAL CONTENT
BREEDING RESPONSES OF Betta splendens TREATED WITH
Terminalia catappa, Musa acuminata x balbisiana, AND Psidium
guajava LEAF EXTRACT
OCTAGON-SHAPED CORAL PLANTER: AN INNOVATIVE
CORAL SUBSTRATE FOR STAGHORN CORALS IN TANGALAN,
AKLAN
 The Research Process

You have learned in grade 7 that the research steps or process is similar to the scientific
method.
Generally, many research processes used the scientific method. Below is a simplified
diagram showing the research process:

Ask Questions

Do Background Research

Construct Hypothesis
Think! Try Again

Test with an experiment

Analyze results and draw conclusions

Hypothesis is TRUE Hypothesis is FALSE or partially TRUE

Report Results
 Activity 6: Can you identify what specific activity
describes the given step?

Match Set A (Activity) to Set B (Steps). Write CAPITAL LETTERS only on blanks
provided.
SET A SET B

__________1. use statistics to analyze results

and writes the conclusion based on the
interpretation A. Ask questions
__________ 2. opens a link on international B. Do background research
journals and published abstracts C. Construct hypothesis
__________3. conducts testing in the D. Test with an experiment
laboratory
E. Analyze results and draw
__________4. writes and presents the
scientific paper Conclusions
__________ 5. writes hypothesis based on the F. Report Results
problem conceptualized

1. Research involves a systematic and organized method of collecting information

and analysis of data in order to explain phenomena, or to provide answer to a
question, to create solution to a problem, or to test an existing principle.

2. All fields of study involve the use of research. it is also used a tool to determine
success for all endeavors.

3. Research is always geared towards the welfare and benefit of mankind and as
well as saving and protecting the environment.

4. Scientific researches can either be categorized in terms of purpose, method and

time.

5. Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Robotics are categories of experimental

researches for students conducting science investigatory projects.

6. Research process is similar to scientific method which starts with asking question,
doing background research, constructing/formulating hypothesis, testing
hypothesis through experimentation, analyze results and draw conclusion/s, and
finally communicating/ writing a scientific report. All of these steps are important
in conducting experimental research in all field of study in Life and Physical
Sciences and as well in Robotics.