STE

8
Research II
Quarter 1 - Module 1:
Introduction to Research

CO_Q1_Science8_Module1

i
Research - Grade 8
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Introduction to Research
First Edition, 2021

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in
any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalty.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand

names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective
copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use
these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors
do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education-Region 10

Regional Director: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III
Schools Division Superintendent: Jean G. Veloso

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Elona Jane R. Buscagan

Editor: Alexis Marie C. Fernandez
Reviewer: Dr. Rhea F. Confesor, Content Expert
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Management Team
Chairperson: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III
Regional Director
Co-Chairpersons: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr., CESO V
Asst. Regional Director
Mala Epra B. Magnaong
CES, CLMD
Members: Dr. Marie Emerald A. Cabigas
Regional EPS, LRMDS
Dr. Nick Pañares
Regional EPS, Science
Jimbo Russell C. Agbayani
Division EPS, Science

Printed in the Philippines by the Department of Education

Region X – Northern Mindanao
Office Address: Zone 1Masterson Avenue, Upper Balulang, Cagayan de Oro City
Telephone No./Telefax: (088) 881-3137
Email Address: region10@deped.gov.ph

ii
 8
Research II
Quarter 1 - Module 1:
Introduction to Research

iii
Introductory Message

For the Learner:

Welcome to Research 8 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on the Nature of
Research and Invention versus Innovation.
This module was crafted to provide you with fun and meaningful learning opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace.
This module will let you know the meaning, characteristics, and importance of
research; and differentiate invention from innovation. You are provided with an activity
every after each lesson. These tasks are very important for you to acquire the necessary
knowledge and skills.

In this module, you are guided with a set of learning icons that makes it easier for you
to follow and understand the nature of Research; and differentiate invention from
innovation.

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to check

what you already know about the lesson to take. If
you get all the answers correct (100%), you may
decide to skip this module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the

current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to

you in various ways such as a story, a song, a
poem, a problem opener, an activity, or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills

What’s More This comprises activities for independent practice

to solidify your understanding and skills of the
topic. You may check the answers to the exercises
using the Answer Key at the end of the module.

iv
 What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank
sentences/paragraphs to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity that will help you
transfer your new knowledge or skill into real-life
situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task that aims to evaluate your level of

mastery in achieving the learning competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given to you

to enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson
learned. This also tends to the retention of learned
concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

Feel free to consult your teacher if you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks
in this module. You are not alone throughout this journey. We hope that this experience of
yours will gain you a deep understanding of the relevant competencies. Have fun and
always remember that you can do it.

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to Research 8 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on the Nature of
Research and Invention versus Innovation.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed, crafted, and reviewed by

educators in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource engages the learners in guided and independent learning
activities at their own pace. As a facilitator, you are expected to orient and guide the
learners on how to use this module. Furthermore, you are also expected to encourage
and assist the learners as they do the tasks provided in the module to keep track of the
learner’s progress.

v
 What I Need to Know

This module was carefully created and written. It is here to aid you in mastering the
nature of research and differentiating invention from innovation.

After going through this module, you are expected to explain the meaning,
characteristics, and importance of research; and differentiate the characteristics between
invention and innovation (SSP_RS8-NRS-Ia-1).

Specifically, you are also expected to:

1. identify the characteristics and importance of research;

2. describe the characteristics of an invention and innovation; and
3. differentiate invention from innovation.

1
 What I Know

Directions: Read each question carefully and choose the best answer from the given choices
A to D. Write your answers in your Research 8 activity notebook.

1. Which of the following refers to an idea for a product or process that has never been
made before?
A. creation C. invention
B. innovation D. phenomenon

2. Marketing, technical, and strategic skills are required in ______.

A. creation C. invention
B. innovation D. phenomenon

3. Which is NOT the importance of research?

A. builds new knowledge C. satisfies human curiosity
B. hinders human knowledge advancements D. solves a problem

4. What characteristic of research is based on valid procedures and principles?

A. cyclical C. methodical
B. logical D. replicable

5. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of research?

A. critical C. illogical
B. cyclical D. replicable

6. What characteristic of research is being referred to when the researcher uses firsthand
experiences and observations?
A. cyclical C. illogical
B. empirical D. replicable

7. Scientific investigation is done systematically. What characteristic of research is being

referred to in the statement?
A. cyclical C. logical
B. empirical D. replicable

2
8. Which of the following refers to an exclusive right granted for an invention?
A. certificate of invention C. invention form
B. invention disclosure D. patent

9. When does invention happen?

A. An existing product needs to be improved C. Improving an idea
B. Creating a new product D. All of the above

10. Which of the following is an original concept?

A. creation C. invention
B. innovation D. phenomenon

11. When does innovation happen?

A. An existing product needs to be improved C. Creating a new product
B. A new idea comes in D. All of the above

12. Why is research important?

A. It builds new problem C. It doesn’t contribute any importance
B. It complicates a problem D. It reduces the burden of work

13. What characteristic of research is based on direct experience or observation by the

researcher?
A. cyclical C. logical
B. empirical D. replicable

14. Which of the following is NOT a role of research?

A. to expand knowledge and discoveries C. to lead to breakthroughs
B. to increase understanding of a phenomenon D. to share valuable information

15. What characteristic of research is observed when it can be repeated to enable the
researcher to arrive at valid and conclusive results?
A. cyclical C. logical
B. empirical D. replicable

3
Lesson

1 Nature of Research

What’s In

In Grade 7, you discussed some of the research categories. Let’s check how
far have you learned through this activity.

Activity 1. Identify Me!

Directions: Identify the following research title if it belongs to life science or physical
science. Write your answers in your Research 8 activity notebook.
1. Isolation, Characterization, And Screening of Endophytic Bacteria For
Biocontrol Potential Against Brown Eye Spot In Coffee
2. Utilization of Basey peat as Rhizobium inoculant carrier
3. Powder dye from coconut lumber sawdust
4. Bioactive Component, Antioxidant Activity, and Antidiabetic Properties of
Muntingia calabura Linn, An In Vitro Study
5. Hibla: An Alternative Sound Absorption Material

What’s New

Activity 2. Identify Me!

Directions: Using the phonetically spelled words below, identify the keywords that
you may encounter in this lesson. Pronounce the group of words
correctly and identify the keyword. Combine the words you answered
to lead you to our first lesson. Write your answers in your Research 8
activity notebook.
1. nae-tour ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
2. of ____ ____
3. ri-such ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
__________________ __________________ _________________

4
 What is It

What is research? What are its characteristics? How important is it? Research
has been defined by authors in different ways but with the same thoughts and concepts.
According to Calmorin and Calmorin (2007), research is a scientific
investigation of phenomena, which includes collection, presentation, analysis, and
interpretation of facts that link man’s speculations with reality.
Meanwhile, Sanches (2002) defines research as a continuous discovery and
exploration of the unknown, an investigation of new facts leading to the discovery of
new ideas, new methods, or improvement.
For Parel (1966), research is a systematic study or investigation of something
to questions posed by the researcher while Sevilla (1990) defines research as
searching for a theory, testing for a theory, and for solving a problem.
On the other hand, Kerlinger (1986) defines research as a systematic,
controlled, empirical and critical investigation of hypothetical propositions about the
presumed relation among the natural phenomena.

Table 1. Characteristics of Research

Empirical Research is based on firsthand

experiences and observations of the
researcher.
Logical Scientific investigation is done
systematically.
Cyclical Research starts with a problem and
ends with a problem.
Analytical The research uses proven systematic
procedures.
Replicable The research design can be replicated
for the validation of results.
Critical Research exhibits careful and precise
judgments.
Methodical Research is based on valid procedures
and principles

5
Importance of Research

Leann Zarah (2021) stated that the main purpose of research is to inform action,
prove a theory, and contribute to developing knowledge in a field of study.
Mary-Louise Kearney, Director of the UNESCO Forum on Higher Education,
Research and Knowledge, has stated that; “Knowledge generated by research is the
basis of sustainable development, which requires that knowledge be placed at the
service of development, be converted into applications, and be shared to ensure
widespread benefits.”
Meanwhile, Crawford (1995) stated that research is a verified approach of
thinking and employing legalized instruments and steps to obtain a more adequate
solution to a problem that is otherwise impossible to address under ordinary means.
In most cases, research helps society to answer the what and how questions. It
must be a proper investigation and should reach a valid conclusion that would facilitate
the finding of answers to the questions. Cuevas (2010) presented the other importance
of research. These are as follows:
a. Research corrects perceptions as well as expands them.
b. Research gathers information on subjects or phenomena we lack or have little
knowledge about.
c. Research develops and evaluates concepts, practices, and theories.
d. Research also develops and evaluates methods that test concepts, practices,
and theories.
e. Research obtains knowledge for practical purposes like solving problems
f. Research provides hard facts which serve as bases for planning, decision-
making, project implementation, and evaluation.
g. Research encourages and satisfies curiosity. It opens to a new idea.
h. Research helps in the advancement of technology.
i. Research leads to making human work easy and faster.

What’s More

Activity 3. Word Search Puzzle

Directions. Identify what characteristic of research is being referred to in the statements
given below. Look and encircle these words in the puzzle below in all directions including
backward and diagonally. Write your answers in your Research 8 activity notebook.

6
__________ 1. Research is based on direct experience and observation of the researcher.
__________ 2. Research exhibits careful and precise judgements.
__________ 3. The research design can be replicated for validation of results.
__________ 4. Scientific investigation is done in an orderly manner.
__________ 5. Research utilizes proven analytical procedures
__________ 6. Research starts with a problem and ends with a problem.

L C I C L I C A L A R R A
A Y I K I T E N I G I E N
C C E M P I R I C A L S A
I L L A N N E L I O O E L
T E B N H W R I G L V A I
Y L A A C E R I P M E R T
L A C B C Y C L I C A L I
A C P A P A P A L I C A C
N A E S L A C I T I R C A
A L R E P L I C A B L E L

What I Have Learned

Activity 4. Explain!
Directions: Write your learning about the following. Write your answers in your Research
8 activity notebook.

1. What is research?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

2. For you as a student, how important research is? Explain.

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

7
 What I Can Do

Activity 5. Hashtag Ko To!

Directions: Make a hashtag (#) describing the importance of research in your daily lives.
Explain the hashtag you made in 3 sentences only. Write your answers in your
Research 8 activity notebook.
Rubric for scoring:
Category Outstanding Satisfactory Needs
(5) (3) Improvement
(1)
Word Choice Uses interesting Uses descriptive Simple words are
words words used with minimal
vocabulary
Organization Relevant ideas are Few relevant ideas Ideas are not
presented and are presented and presented and
organized organized organized
Spelling and All spelling and Some errors in All spelling and
punctuation punctuation are spelling and punctuation used
correct punctuation are are incorrect
observed

Lesson
Invention vs. Innovation
2
What’s In

Before you explore the characteristics of invention and innovation, let us first
check what you have learned about the nature of research.

8
 Activity 1. Change Me!
Directions. Write T if the following statements about the importance of research are
correct and if not, change according to the suggestion about the statements. Write
your answers in your Research 8 activity notebook.
_______________1. It doesn’t improve the quality of life.
_______________2. It satisfies the human curiosity.
_______________3. It hinders the human knowledge.
_______________4. It contributes toward the betterment of the society.
_______________5. It improves instruction and student achievements.
_______________6. It solves a problem.
_______________7. It reduces the burden of work.
_______________8. It contributes to the advancement of technology.
_______________9. It builds new knowledge.
_______________10. It complicates an issue.

What’s New

Activity 2. Compare!

Directions. Compare the two machines below and answer the questions that follow.
Write your answers in your Research 8 activity notebook.

Source: Source: https://www.quora.com/Do-lots-of-Filipino-

https://www.scribd.com/document/445025812/Lipu families-have-a-karaoke-machine-at-home
nan

Questions:
1. What are the names of the machines presented above?
2. Compare the two karaoke machines.
3. What changes have you observed?

9
 4.

What is It

Invention and innovation are somewhat similar but have distinct concepts. Apfeldof
(2018) defined invention as the creation of something new. These are the results of a person
or an inventor following their curiosity, responding to their needs, or working in their area of
expertise. To prove that the invention is new to society and original, the inventor gets a patent
for his/her work following certain criteria. It must be new, inventive, and is possible to create
and to use. A patent ensures that the object they created is their idea and no one else can
take it.
Though a lot of inventions are created, not all of them are economically applicable and
meet today’s society-specific needs. Thus, here comes innovation. Innovation refers to
improvements made to something already established (Apfeldorf, 2018). It comes from
‘innovatus’ which means ‘to renew’. It is the result of the creative process done by innovators,
creating an existing idea or invention into an outcome that has a great change and value for
people. Moreover, innovation doesn’t have to be new like an invention, but it needs to be new
in its context.
In 1975, a Filipino scientist, Roberto del Rosario invented and patented Karaoke Sing
Along System machine. Due to the invention and development of laserdisc, innovations of the
Karaoke Sing Along System machine were done which leads to the introduction of the video
karaoke machine in the market.

Table 2. Differences of Invention and Innovation

Basis of Comparison Invention Innovation

Meaning Creating a new idea or
something which has never
been made before
Concept Original
Happens when A new idea of a scientist An existing product needs to
comes
Skills required Scientific skills
Number of products Single
Improving an idea or
something to give value to
meet society’s need
Practical application of a
new idea
be improved
Marketing and strategic
skills
Combination of two or more

10
 What’s More

Activity 3. Differentiate Me!

Directions: Differentiate invention from innovation by writing its similarities and
differences in the Venn diagram below. Write your answers in your Research 8 activity
notebook.

INVENTION INNOVATION

What I Have Learned

Activity 4. Complete Me!

Directions: Write a paragraph on the things you have learned from lesson 2 by
completing the phrase in the cloud chart below. Write your answers in your Research 8
activity notebook.

I have learned that invention and innovation…

11
 What I Can Do

Activity 5. Now or Long Ago?

Directions: Interview older adults and record what things they used in the past that are
different now like appliances, clothing, machines, etc. Choose only 1 thing to focus on
during the interview. Write your answers in your Research 8 activity notebook.

Guide Questions for the Interview:

1. What invention in the past which you think has a great change now?
___________________________________________________________________
2. Describe the changes or innovations on that thing or object?
___________________________________________________________________
3. Do you still have with you the old and the new ones? (Take a photo of it if possible)
___________________________________________________________________
4. Do you think, these changes have a great impact on your life? In what sense?
__________________________________________________________________

Take a picture and paste it here.

Long Ago Now

12
 Assessment

Directions: Read each question carefully and choose the best answer from the given choices
A to D. Write your answers in your Research 8 activity notebook.

1. Who defined research as searching for a theory, testing for a theory, and for solving a
problem?
A. Calmorin C. Sanches
B. Parel D. Sevilla

2. Who defined research as an investigation of new facts leading to the discovery of new
ideas, new methods, or improvement?
A. Calmorin C. Sanches
B. Parel D. Sevilla

3. Which is NOT the importance of research?

A. leads to greater problem C. satisfies human curiosity
B. makes work easier and fasterD. solves a problem

4. What did Roberto del Rosario invent and patent?

A. cassette C. Laserdisc
B. Karaoke Sing Along System D. Video karaoke

5. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of research?

6. critical C. illogical
7. cyclical D. replicable

6. What characteristic of research is being referred to when the researcher uses personal
experiences and observations?
a. cyclical C. illogical
b. empirical D. replicable

13
7. Scientific investigation is done systematically. What characteristic of research is being
referred to in the statement?
a. cyclical C. logical
b. empirical D. replicable

8. What characteristic of research is based on valid procedures and principles?

a. cyclical C. methodical
b. logical D. replicable

9. What characteristic of research is observed when it can be repeated to enable the

researcher to arrive at valid and conclusive results?
a. analytical C. logical
b. cyclical D. replicable

10. Which of the following is a creation of a new concept?

a. creation C. invention
b. innovation D. phenomenon

11. Following the establishment of a dominant design in the product life cycle, what would
you expect to happen?
a. Emphasis on product innovation rather than process innovation.
b. Emphasis on process innovation rather than product innovation.
c. Competition to increase as new firms enter the industry.
d. Competition decrease as more firms exit than enter the industry.

12. Why is research important?

a. It builds new problem C. It doesn’t contribute any importance
b. It complicates a problem D. It reduces the burden of work

13. Which of the following refers to a process of modifying an existing product or system
to improve it?
a. creation C. invention
b. innovation D. phenomenon

14. What characteristic of research is observed when it utilizes proven procedures in

gathering data?

14
 a. analytical C. empirical
b. cyclical D. replicable

15. What characteristic of research is observed when it starts with a problem and ends
with a problem?
a. cyclical C. methodical
b. logical D. replicable

Additional Activities

Activity 5. Innovate and Create!

Directions: Collect one material at home with which you can make innovations. Use the
innovations worksheet below in planning your improvements. Then, make a model of it using
the available materials at home and answer the following questions.

INNOVATIONS WORKSHEET

Draw what your object looks like now.

15
Draw what your object will look like after you make innovations

Questions:

1. What was your chosen object?

_____________________________________________________________________
2. What did you change?
_____________________________________________________________________
3. Why did you change it?
_____________________________________________________________________
4. Why is it important to invent and innovate?
_____________________________________________________________________

Criteria in scoring your innovated model:

Category Outstanding Satisfactory Needs
(15) (10) Improvement
(5)
Relevance of the Relevant to A bit relevant to Not relevant to
product people’s need people’s need people’s need
Creativity and The product is The product is nice The product needs
Overall unique, neat, but not unique. It is to be neatly
Appearance

16
 colorful, and somewhat neat but improved and lacks
attractive not attractive color
Choice of All the materials Few of the Most of the
materials are well suited and materials are not materials are not
appropriate suited and suited and
appropriate appropriate
Economy All the materials Few of the Materials use are
used are very materials used are not economical
economical economical

17
 18
What I Know
1. C 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. C 11. A 12. D
13. B 14. D 15. D
Lesson 1 Nature of Research
What’s In
1. Life Science 2. Life Science 3. Physical Science 4. Life Science 5.
Physical Science
What’s New
1. nature 2. of 3. research
What’s More
1. empirical 3. replicable 5. analytical
2. critical 4. logical 6. cyclical
Lesson 2 Invention vs Innovation
What’s In
1. does 3. advances 5. T 7. T 9. T
2. T 4. T 6. T 8. T 10. explains
What’s New
1. Karaoke Sing Along System and Video Karaoke
2. Varied answer 3. varied answer
Assessment
1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. C 9. D 10. C
11. B 12. D 13. D 14. A 15. A
Answer Key
References
2021. Scribd.Com. https://www.scribd.com/doc/181326697/1-NATURE-AND-
CHARACTERISTICS-OF-RESEARCH-ppt.

Apfeldorf, Michael. "Invention vs. Innovation." The Science Teacher 85, no. 1 (2018): 60-60.
Bartolata, Jocelyn. 2021. "The Nature Of Research". Slideshare.Net.
https://www.slideshare.net/jobartolata7/the-nature-of-research-ppt.

Cuevas, Dianna. 2021. "Importance Of Research". Slideshare.Net.

https://www.slideshare.net/dannah07/importance-of-research.

"10 Reasons Why Research Is Important - The Important Site". 2021. The Important Site.
https://theimportantsite.com/10-reasons-why-research-is-important/.

"Do Lots of Filipino Families Have a Karaoke Machine at Home?" Quora - A Place to Share
Knowledge and Better Understand the World. https://www.quora.com/Do-lots-of-Filipino-
families-have-a-karaoke-machine-at-home.

"Invention And Innovation: An Introduction". 2021. Openlearn.

https://www.open.edu/openlearn/science-maths-technology/design-innovation/invention-and-
innovation-introduction/content-section-11.5.7.

"Invention Vs Innovation - THE WAVES". 2021. THE WAVES. https://www.the-

waves.org/2020/09/20/invention-vs-innovation/.

"Invention or Innovation?" Science Learning Hub.

https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/1695-invention-or-innovation.

"Inventions And Inventors (2) - Mr. Shoemaker's STEM Site". 2021. Sites.Google.Com.
https://sites.google.com/site/korbinsportfolio/lessons/invention-and-innovation.

"Layers of the Earth Model Rubric for Grading." Studylib.net. Last modified February 5, 2016.
https://studylib.net/doc/7003359/layers-of-the-earth-model-rubric-for-grading.

Leann Zarah. 2021. “7 Reasons Why Research Is Important,”

https://owlcation.com/academia/Why-Research-is-Important-Within-and-Beyond-the-
Academe

"Module #1 – Nature of Inquiry and Research - Quiz." Quizizz — The World’s Most Engaging
Learning Platform. https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/5c0255cd877fbc001a4460b0/module-1-
nature-of-inquiry-and-research.

"Now Or Long Ago? Technology & Inventions Printable (1St-2Nd Grade)".

2021. Teachervision. https://www.teachervision.com/inventions/now-or-long-ago.

Oxford University Press. "Oxford University Press | Online Resource Centre | Multiple Choice
Questions." Oxford University Presspage.
https://global.oup.com/uk/orc/busecon/business/frynas_mellahi3e/student/mc.

Robbins, Randolph. 2017. "Inventions and Innovations." SILO of Research Documents.

https://silo.tips/download/inventions-and-innovations.

19
"Rubrics for 3D Atomic Model Project." Share and Discover Knowledge on SlideShare.
https://www.slideshare.net/marvinnbustamante1/rubrics-for-3d-atomic-model-project.

"The Characteristics Of Innovation". 2021. Fullestop Blogs.

https://www.fullestop.com/blog/characteristics-innovation/.

20
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education Region X – Northern Mindanao

Office Address: Zone 1Masterson Avenue, Upper Balulang,
Cagayan de Oro City
Telephone No./Telefax: (088) 881-3137
Email Address: region10@deped.gov.ph

21