1"of 2

ChE lol SECOND LONG EfiM

February 70,2074

General Instructrbns,'
7. Only your calculator. writing instruments. ruler. and answer sheets are allowed on your table.
2. Answer each part on sheets of the specified color. Write allanswers (in blue or black in|rj on the front side of vour
answe,r sheets only. Answers written on the back page will not be checked. Box your final answers.
3. Your name. student number. and section (lecture and lab) must be written on the upoer ri$,ht portion of each sheeL
Also, copy the encircled code written on the uooer ri€ht portion of the front sheet onto every answer sheet that you
have.
4. Each problem is worth 7OO ooints.
5. Start each solution with a diagram for the process. State a// assurnptions and bases.
6. This exam is good for 3 hours onlv.

PROBLEM 1(P|NK)
One stratery to reduce carbon dioxide emission from industrial processes to the atmosphere is to capture it for the
production of algae, some species of which can be used as feeds for fish in aquaculture ponds and some as feedstock for
fuel production. The process is shown as follows:

106 COz(g) + tO + HPO+2{aq) + 122 HzO(/) + 18 H+(aq)-+

l,,tOa1aq)
CrooHzoeOs.oNroPr(s) + 138 Oz($ (1)

a. How much algal biomass (kg), ClooHzosOuoNroPr, can be produced per kg of C02 carbon?
b. For a coal-fired power plant that produces t000 ms/d (at 25"C, 1 atm) of combustion gases containing 30 mol percent
COz, how much dry algal biomass can be produced (kgd)?
c. For (b), how much oxygen (kmo/d) can be produced?

MW: C =t2.O1,,0= 16.00, N = 14.01, H = 1.01, P=30.97

PROBLEM 2 (YELTOW)
Methanol is synthesized from carbon monoxide and hydrogen in a catalytic reastor. The fresh feed (1OO moi6T-ei hour) to
the process contains 32.O mole o/o CO, 64.00/o Hz, and 4.07o Nz. This stream is mixed with a recycle stream in a ratio 5 mole
recycle per 1 mole fresh feed to produce the feed to reactor, which contains 13.0 mole % Nz. A low singlepass conversion is
attained in the reactor. The reactor effluent goes to a condenser from which two streams emerge: a liquid product stream
containing essentially all the methanol formed in the rector, and a gas stream containing all the CO, Hz, and N2 leavingthe
reactor. The gas stream is split into two fractions: one is removed from the process as a purge stream, and the other is the
recycle stream that combines with the fresh feed to the reactor.
a. (2O polnb) Draw the correct block flow diagram for the process described above. Label completely. State assumptions
and basis.
b: (60 points) For the given flow rate of fresh feed, calculate the following:
i. the rate of production of methanol (mo/h),
ii. the molar flow rate of the purge gas (mo/h),
iii. the composition of the purge gas,
iv. the overall conversion, and
v. the singlepass conversion.
c. (2O pa'ints.) Explain the reason/s for including the following streams in the process design:
i. recycle stream, and
ii. purge stream.

PROBLEM 3 (GREEN)
Wastewaters from food processing industries usually contain relatively high amounts of organic matter such as sugar,
proteins, fats, carboxylic acids and alcohols among others. The wastewater must be treated to reduce the level of orgJnic
matter to standard values prior to disposal in rivers or other bodies of water. Otherwise, the organic matter will cause
depletion of the dissolved oxygen in the receiving body of water and, thus, destroy important aquatic ecosystem. The level of
the organic matter in wastewater is altogether indicated as the chemical oxygen demand (CoD) or total organic carbon (TOC)
and not as levels of specific compounds.

The first step in designing the sSrstem is to layout the fate of the organic matter in the system such as shown in the figure at.
the back. For a wastewater containing relatively high levels of TOC and organic-N (such as protein-N), the system consist of
three main steps: anaerobic digestion (T1), aerobic treatment (T2) and a second anaerobic process (T3). ln T1, most of the
TOC in the wastewater (W) is removed via conversion to gaseous C-compounds (G1 such as methane and carbon dioxide)
and some as microbial biomass (S1). The rest remains in the effluent (E1). Paft of E1 goes to process T2 while part of it (B)
bypasses process T2 and joins the effluent of T2 (E2). This strate$/ ensures that there will be enough TOC brought to
reactor T3 as required by this process. The resulting stream E2B is further treated in an aerobic process (T3). ln T1, organic-
 2of 2

N is converted to ammonia-N. ln process T2, with the action of air (A), ammonia-N is converted to nitrate-N and the TOC to
COz (present in G2) and biomass (sludge S2). Nitrate-N is converted to Nz in T3.

A
I
rG1
I
t Contains 75% of
I
tTOCinW
I

E1, 99 m3/d
T1
s2
700 m3
15o/o otTOC Lm3
Anoerobic
s1
Reoctor inW
1m3/d 70 m2 cross
sectionol oreo 200 mg TOC/L
B (bypass)
Contains tOo/o of
TOC in W E28,98 m3/d
mg TOC/L

Raw wastewater R (rerycle) G3

100 m3/d
10,000 mg TOC/L
s3
E3 Lm3/d
Final effluent
97 m3/d
. 100 me TOC/L
-
In the ttAr[e above, the thick solid lines (S1, 52 and 53) represent sludge containing biomass suspended in aqueous slurry.
The thin broEjrlines are gaseous streams{G1, G2 GQ,and the thin solid lines r_epresent watef streams (W,-l-!,8, B, El, E2,
E2B\.

Part of the effluent from T1 is recycled back to T1 to have a minimum upflow velocity of 2 m/h and to dilute the TOC level in
the influent (N)to the range of 3,OO0 - 4,@O mgTOC/L

a. What should be the minimum recycle flow rate (R) in m3ld?

b. Calculate the bypass flow rate (B, melQ.

(Note: 7he storbhiomefry of dtemial raac.tiom b not needed in ansnrlefiE,iten s a and b above.)

PROBLEM 4 (BLUE)
A power company operates one of its boilers on natural gas and another on oil. The analyses of the fuels show 96% CHc,2o/o
CzHz, and 2o/oCOz for the natural gas and CnHr.s, for the oil. The flue gases from both groups enter the same stack, and an
Orsat analysis of this combined flue gas shows 10.0% COz, 0.63% CO, and 4.55% Oz. What percentage of the total carbon
burned comes from the oil?

(Hrnt Use algebraic method.)

&ilofr,Bar*t,*'*r. e !u& ttirn ty:rh"8r ta.

,ftrrth. arolr8.."
Th{$uf rc}d t$e ... thc prof rtrrd
o(qn fqr !{Fpo:!. tttc wrtl fofi "Sbrt by doinS,what's nec€ssary,
tlor *s* ttrr Eo*'l nsft. ro loo& llkc tlla fic*, fsnf silc,
txen? then do !ryhatt possible; and
tonBk c*rn'frtutt and proemptr
suddenly, you are doing,the
\ I hrhry?

t
lcst vrtr.-.

'
) \tlcll
?&---
tl
Sdcf€...
impossible.'

nh
Sarnt Francis ofAssisi

fiH m k-
4:R
/ri fiffi
}trH JI k'
'lmposslble is a word to be found
only in the didionary of fools.'
Napoleon Bonaparte