11

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
Quarter 1– Module 2:
 QUANTITATIVE & QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
 RESEARCH IN AREAS OF INTEREST
 CHARACTERISTICS,STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES,
AND KINDS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
 IMPORTANCE OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
ACROSS FIELDS
Practical Research 1 Grade 11
Quarter 1– Module 2:
 QUANTITATIVE & QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
 RESEARCH IN AREAS OF INTEREST
 CHARACTERISTICS,STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES, AND KINDS OF
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
 IMPORTANCE OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH ACROSS FIELDS

First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in
any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand

names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective
copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to
use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and
authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Nemilyn L. Lumangtad

Editors: Paulino P. Tado, PhD.
Reviewers:
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Template Developer: Neil Edward D. Diaz
Management Team:

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Region XI

Office Address: ___________________________

Telefax: ___________________________

E-mail Address: ___________________________

 11
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
Quarter 1– Module 2:

 QUANTITATIVE & QUALITATIVE

RESEARCH
 RESEARCH IN AREAS OF INTEREST
 CHARACTERISTICS,STRENGTHS,WEAKNES
SES,AND KINDS OF QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
 IMPORTANCE OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
ACROSS FIELDS
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the Practical Research 1 Self-Engaging Module (SEM) on the
Quantitative and Qualitative Research, Research in Ares of Interest,
Characteristics, Strengths, Weaknesses, and Kinds of Qualitative Research, and
Importance of Qualitative Research Across Fields.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners’ progress while allowing them
to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module

For the learner:

Welcome to the Practical Research Self-Engaging Module (SEM) Module on the

Quantitative and Qualitative Research, Research in Ares of Interest,
Characteristics, Strengths, Weaknesses, and Kinds of Qualitative Research, and
Importance of Qualitative Research Across Fields.

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an
active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Let Us Learn! In this portion, objective of the new

lesson will be introduced.

This will give you an idea of the skills

Let Us Try! or competencies you are expected to
learn in the module through pre-test
for the learners.

Let Us Study This is where new lesson is

introduced.
 This comprises activities for
independent practice to solidify your
Let Us Practice understanding and skills of the topic.
You may check the answers to the
exercises using the Answer Key at the
end of the module.

This section provides an activity

Let Us Practice More which will help you transfer your new
knowledge or skill into real life
situations or concerns.

This includes questions or blank

Let Us Remember sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the
lesson.

This is a task which aims to evaluate

Let Us Assess your level of mastery in achieving the
learning competency.

In this portion, another activity will be

Let Us Enhance given to you to enrich your knowledge
or skill of the lesson learned.

Closing note of the relevance,

Let Us Reflect meaning and application of the
concepts and skills developed in the
lesson to real life experiences.
ii
 Let Us Learn!

This module introduces the students to the world of research, the

difference between qualitative and quantitative research , its area of
interest, characteristics, strengths, weaknesses and kinds of qualitative research .
More importantly, this module lays down the importance of qualitative research
across fields. These are the most basic concepts for students who are just new in
the art and science of research.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. compare and contrast qualitative from quantitative research
(CS_RS11IIIa-4);
2. recognize research based on its areas of interest (CS_RS11IIIa-5);
3. determine the strengths and weaknesses of qualitative research
(CS_RS11IIIb-1);
4. analyze the characteristics and kinds of qualitative research
(CS_RS11IIIb-1);; and
5. relate the importance of qualitative research across fields in real-life
encounter (CS_RS22IIIb-2).

Let Us Try!

Read each statement below. Write the letter of your answer on the
space provided.

_____1. A research method that is usually conducted in a natural setting

and is aimed at explaining occurrence of a phenomenon in textual
form.
A. Qualitative research C. Mixed method
B. Quantitative research D. Descriptive research
_____2. A type of research method which is intended to investigate a
phenomenon or problem and is expected to generate numerical
results.
A. Qualitative research C. Mixed method
B. Quantitative research D. Descriptive research
_____3. Which of the following describes the disciplined inquiry of qualitative
research?
A. The research is investigative.
B. The research is rigorous in terms of data collection and analysis.
C. The research emphasizes the voices of participants.
D. All of the above.
_____4. A type of qualitative research in which data related to past events
is systematically collected and evaluated to describe potential
causes, effects, or trends related to those events is known as.
A. Historical C. ethnographic
B. Action research D. Grounded theory

1
_____5. A type of qualitative research seeking to describe and analyze all or part of
the culture of a community is known as
A. Historical C. ethnographic
B. Action research D. Grounded theory

Let Us Study

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE RESEARCH COMPARED

Qualitative Research Quantitative Research

Goal Goal
Generally, quantitative research
Qualitative attempts to develop a hypothesis from
Qualitative research intends to the observed phenomenon and present
provide a rich description of numeric findings in an attempt to explain,
phenomenon or event. if not, predict occurrence of related event.

Describes, explains, and discovers Describes, predicts, and explains a

a phenomenon. phenomenon.

2
Design
Research design is determined
as the inquiry unfolds.
Method
Scientific investigation is heavily
dependent on true experiment, quasi
experiment, and quantitative non-
experimental method.
Instrument
The researcher serves as no less
than the data gathering instrument.
Research data
Data are reported in the form of
words (interviews), pictures (videos) or
objects (artifacts).
Nature of Data: words, images, idea,
units
Rigor
One weakness of qualitative data
is that they are less able to be
generalized considering perhaps the
sample though the data come out
richer.
Analysis of Data
The researcher searches for
patterns, themes, and holistic features.
Results
The investigator arrives at
particularistic findings.
Design
Choosing the most appropriate design
is crucial before the research plan is fully
implemented.
Method
In a naturalistic research
environment investigation entails intense
interaction between the researcher and
informant.
Instrument
Data- gathering instruments such as
survey questionnaire, observation
checklist, and interview guide are used to
collect data.
Research data
Generally, data are analyzed using
statistical tools and techniques. Hence the
research generates figures or numbers.
Nature of Data: variables
Rigor
In quantitative research, the
researcher satisfies the rigor of testing a
hypothesis, though he may miss contextual
data.
Analysis of Data
The researcher uses statistical
treatment.
Results
The investigator arrives at generalizable
findings.
3
 Research in Different Areas of Interest

1. Arts-Based Research is defined as the use of personal expression in

various art forms as a primary mode of inquiry. It includes studies that
may accompany or include the artistic expressions of others. It is making
and doing of art as a means of understanding life.

The examples of art-based research are “How the Arts Benefit Student
Achievement”, “The Arts and the Transfer of Learning”, “The Role of
Color in Beautification and Urban Aesthetics” and “Positive Classroom
Environment Through Classroom Design” .

2. Research in Humanities
It is designed to explore human culture as philosophy, religion,
literature, linguistics, and history. It also includes ancient and modern
languages, human geography, laws, politics and other social sciences.
Humanities are academic disciplines that study aspects of human society
and culture.

The examples of research in humanities are “Religious Education in the

Private Schools: Practices and Challenges” and “Political System and
Government in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim
Mindanao (BARMM)”.

3. Sports Research is designed to help athletes reach and sustain their

ideal body and wellness goals through proven high quality products. It is
conducted to explain the underlying mechanisms how athletes maintain
their good physical appearance and healthy lifestyle. It gives the coaches
and athletes a way to gain solid information and apply it to sports
performance. It helps the coaches form beliefs to develop programs and
coaching techniques.

The examples of sports research are “Participation of Students in

Athletics and their Academic Performance”, “The Role and
Experiences of the Sports Team Captains”, “The Impact of Sports
Activities on the Self-Efficacy of Students” and “The Untold Stories of
Sports Enthusiasts”.

4. Science Research is designed to discover laws, postulates theories

that can explain natural or social phenomena. In other words, Science
research builds scientific knowledge. Science Research is performed by
applying systematic and constructed scientific method to obtain, analyze
and interpret data. A strong and testable hypothesis is the fundamental
part of the scientific research.

4
 The examples of science research are “The Role of Sugar in Food
Preservation”, “Making Soup Out of Guava”, “Electrical Resources
Out of Fruits and Vegetables”, and “Use of Reciprocal Peer Tutoring
(RPT) in Improving the Problem Solving Skills of Students in Chemistry
and Physics.”

5. Mathematics Research is a study that looks at the myriad problems to

enhance critical and logical thinking abilities. It gives the opportunity to
master mathematics topics and it provides an understanding of
mathematics as an exact science.
Mathematics Research helps us to develop confidence and increase
enthusiasm to do more mathematical problems. It may lead to find new
formulas and it can help finding ways to simplify calculations or problems.

The examples of mathematics research are “Practical Work Approach

(PWA) and Proble Solving Skills of Students in Algebra”, “Students’
Misconceptions and Errors in Trigonometry”, “Common Errors of
Students in General Mathematics: Analysis and Remediation”, and
“Mathematics Experiences of Women and Girls: A Narrative Inquiry.

6. Agriculture Research is aimed at improving productivity and quality of

crops by their generic improvement, better plant protection, irrigation,
storage methods, farm mechanization, efficient marketing, and better
management of agricultural resources.
Agriculture plays a crucial role in the life of an economy. It is the backbone
of the economic system. It does not only provide food and raw material but
also employment opportunities.
The examples of agriculture research are “Effect of Different Rates
of Nitrogen Fertilizers on Growth and Quality of Rice and Corn”,
“Shaping the Modern Farming Through AgTech Fusion”, “Growth and
Development of Eggplant (Solanum Melongena) as Influenced by
Various Organic Fertilizers” and “Modern Farming Methods: Changing
the Face of Agriculture”.

7. Fisheries Research is conducted to increase the production of fishery

resources for the purpose of providing human food. It helps the fisheries
management authority such as Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
(BFAR) to protect different bodies of water so that sustainable supply of
aquatic resources is maintained.

The examples of research are “Vulnerability of Inland and Coastal

Ecosystem”, “Dredging: Habitat Destruction of Clams and other
Aquatic Resources” and “Why Do Fish Stocks Collapse? An Exploratory
Study”.

8. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Research is

designed to ease knowledge-gathering process and to enhance resource-
development. It is conducted to make us ready to adapt with the changing

5
 times and to understand today’s fast changing knowledge and its
peculiarities.

The examples of ICT research are “The Role of ICT within Small
and Medium Enterprises in the Municipality of Esperanza, Sultan
Kudarat”, “Implementation of DepEd Computerization Program (DCP)
in the Public High Schools in Sultan Kudarat”, “Art and Mathematics
Modelling in Computers” and “Role of Computers in Digital Forensics”.

9. Business Research is a process of acquiring detailed information of all

the areas of business and using such information in maximizing the sales
and profit of the business. It helps business firms determine which product
or service is most profitable or in demand.

The examples of business research are “Financial Literacy,

Spending Practices and Performance of Teachers“ and
“Budgeting Practices and Business Efficiency of Large
Enterprises at Sultan Kudarat.

10. Social Science Research is a study that focuses on finding

reasons for human behavior. It is conducted to gather information about
people and societies. It can change the already accepted principles through
its new research methodologies and findings.

The examples of social science research are “The Impact of

Deforestation on Wildlife”, “Emotional Intelligence and Social
Competence: Antecedents of School Administrators’ Transformational
Leadership Qualities”, “Implementation of Ecological Solid Waste
Management (RA 9003) in the Municipality of Esperanza, Sultan
Kudarat”.

CHARACTERISTICS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

6
Patton (2002) listed twelve (12) key features of a qualitative research.

Design Strategies

1. Naturalistic Inquiry. Qualitative research involves investigation of a

natural phenomenon in the real world.

2. Emergent design flexibility. Flexibility is the key feature of a qualitative

research. It allows the researcher to be adaptable with emerging designs
than getting constrained with the rigidity of the research tasks.

3. Purposeful sampling. Creating meaning of a case, phenomenon, or any

critical incident is the landmark of a naturalistic researcher. Hence, a set
of inclusion criteria is outlined in choosing the sample which is often
determined by saturation in most qualitative studies.

Data Collection and Fieldwork Analysis

4. Qualitative data. Qualitative researchers collect data which are usually

obtained from observations and interviews. Thich, textual description of
the case or phenomenon under study characterizes a qualitative study.

5. Personal experience and engagement. Understanding personal experience

and existence of a phenomenon investigated in a qualitative study is
usually done by direct observation and in- depth interviews. The
researcher`s insights in interpreting the occurrence of a phenomenon is
indeed crucial.

6. Emphatic neutrality and mindfulness. Being neutral and responsible in

handling the entire qualitative research investigation is a requirement for
an effective interpretivist.

7. Dynamic systems. Mindfulness to situations and system dynamics is one

of the main characteristics of a qualitative researcher.

Analysis Strategies

7
 8. Unique case orientation. Qualitative researches assume that each case or
phenomenon is distinct worthy to be explored and investigated to proceed
to meaning creation.

9. Inductive analysis and creative synthesis. Investigation starts with

exploring the phenomenon to see patterns, themes as well as
interrelationships and ends with confirming. Data are summarized and
presented creatively by the researcher without being locked into rigid
procedural analysis and interpretation of data.

10.Holistic perspective. Qualitative studies investigates a case or

phenomenon which is usually taken as a complex system that is more
than the sum of its parts, hence, the word holisticity.

11.Context sensitivity. The entire qualitative process is careful about

possibility of generalization across time and space. It underpins
comparative case analysis and concluding themes or patterns for possible
transferability and alteration in a different context.

STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF QUALITATIVE

RESEARCH

Strengths
Ideal for an in- depth
investigation of a phenomenon
or case
Suitable for providing rich
description of complex
phenomena or cases
Provides understanding and
thick description of a case or
phenomenon from an
individual`s personal experience
and viewpoint.
Allows the researcher to
understand and document
sequential patterns and change
from the phenomenon or case
investigated.
Allows the researcher to
formulate inductively a tentative
yet explanatory theory about a
certain phenomenon or case.
Able to describe an individual`s
own viewpoint and interpretation
of research constructs such as
Weaknesses
Does not warrant generalizability (at
the very least) as findings might be
unique to relatively few individuals
who participated in the study.
Does not warrant quantitative
predictions.
Generally entails more time to gather
data
Often requires thorough analysis of
data that is usually time-
consuming.
Usually produces results that are
influenced by the researcher`s
values such as beliefs, perceptions,
and other biases
Cannot be conducive enough

8
love, self-efficacy, humility,
among others
Collects data in a naturalistic
contexts
Enables the researcher to be
responsive or adaptive to
whatever changes that may
occur during the conduct of the
study
Allows the participants of the
study to understand and
interpret how and why a
phenomenon exists
Lends utilization and thick
description of a case as the
researcher explains and
interprets its occurrence.

KINDS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Importance of Qualitative Research Across Fields

9
 Research studies happen in any field of knowledge. May it be in education,
business, engineering and more. There are phenomena in the world which cannot
be bet explored using pure quantitative approach alone. For example, lived
experiences of disaster victims cannot be fully described by a researcher with the
use of numerical measurements alone. We need a type of inquiry that would best
translate thus giving us a deeper understanding of their unique experiences. This
is where Qualitative research will be useful, for it will lend a deeper and wider
perspective of the phenomenon from the point of views of the persons involved.

Qualitative researchers focus on the “how’s” and the “why’s” of the

phenomenon. Not everything can be quantified and so this type of inquiry is
preferred.

Let Us Practice

Give 5 similarities and 5 differences of qualitative and

quantitative research. Your answer should be in sentence form.

Let Us Practice More

10
 Determine whether the following phrases display the
strengths or weaknesses of qualitative research. Write the letter
of your answer on its appropriate column.

11
Let Us Remember

Let Us Assess
I. Identify what kind of qualitative research is expressed in
each of the following statements. Write letter of your answer on
the space provided.

_____1. In this type of qualitative research, the researcher attempts to understand

the universal nature of an experience by immersing themselves into the real world
in order to experience the phenomenon themselves.
A. Historical research C. Phenomenological
B. Case Study D. Grounded Theory
_____2. It is an exploration of a “bounded system” or a “case” or “multiple
case” over time through detailed, in-depth data collection of information.
A. Historical research C. Phenomenological
B. Case Study D. Grounded Theory
_____3. It is a method of examination of evidence in understanding the past events.
A. Historical research C. Phenomenological
B. Case Study D. Grounded Theory
_____4. The focus of this qualitative research is theory development.
A. Historical research C. Ethnography
B. Case Study D. Grounded Theory

12
_____5. It refers to the investigation of a culture through in- depth study of the
members of the society.
A. Historical research C. Ethnography
B. Case Study D. Grounded Theory

II. Choose what characteristic of qualitative research is described by

each of the following statements. Write the letter of your answer on the
space provided.

A. Dynamic system D. Naturalistic Inquiry

B. Emphatic neutrality E. Holistic Perspective
C. Unique Case Orientation F. Context Sensitivity

_____1. Qualitative research studies a person or group in his

natural setting.
_____2. A researcher tries to develop a complex picture of the problems or
issues under study.
______3. Qualitative research process changes as the research progresses.
______4. Every participant’s answer is unique, and a researcher should not
stop gathering data unless the information becomes “saturated”
already.
______5. A researcher is ideally non-judgmental and neutral when compiling
findings.

Let Us Enhance

Modified True or False: Write TRUE if the statement is correct.

Otherwise, underline the word or phrase which makes the statement
wrong and provide the correct answer on the space provided before the
number.

_________1. Arts- based Research is the use of personal expression in various art
forms as a primary mode of inquiry.
_________2. Social science research looks at the myriad problems to enhance
critical and logical thinking abilities.
_________3. Science research is designed to help athletes reach and sustain their
ideal body and wellness goals through proven high quality products that
complement their lifestyles.
_________4. Business research involves a process of acquiring detailed information
of all the areas of business and using such information in maximizing the sales and
profit of the business.
_________5. Research on Humanities focuses on finding reasons for human
behavior. It is conducted to gather information about people and societies.

13
 Let Us Reflect
Research plays vital role in the society. Cite at least two (2)
example wherein qualitative research contributes significant impact in
various field research. Write your answer in not more than five (5) sentences
in the response box below.

Answer key to Activities

Let us Study Let us Practice

14 Let us Practice
More
1. Quantitative Answers may
2. Naturalistic vary Strengths
3. Phenomenon A
 References

Amorado, Ronnie & Talili, Ismael. Qualitative Research- A Practical Approach.

Malabon City: Mutya Publishing House, Inc, 2017.

Accad Acaada . Qualitative Methods of Research. KL Lucena Realty Building:

Kampana Publishing House, Inc., 2016.

Gray, D.E. Doing Research in the Real World. Fourth Edition. 2020. Retrieved from
https://study.sagepub.com/grayresearchworld4e/student-resources/multiple-
choice-quiz
Sumido, A. G.Qualitative Research Powerpoint Presentation during the Mass Training of
Senior High School Teachers, DepEd – Region XII, Carpenter Hill, Koronadal City.
2015.
Abdullah, Samsudin N. Course Outline in Practical Research 1. 2015.

Design Informative and Engaging Graphic Organizers Online. Retrieved from

https://www.canva.com/graphs/graphic-organizers/

Retrievedfrom:https://wps.prenhall.com/chet_airasian_edresearch_7/5/1489/381267.cw
/index.html

Retrieved from: https://study.com/academy/exam/topic/qualitative-research-

methods-and-design.html

15
16