UNIVERSITY OF CARTAGENA

PHYSICAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

PROGRAM III

PLANCK’S CONSTANT REPORT

Gómez Hillary1, Martínez Maria1, Pertuz Xavier1, Alcázar Kendell1, Trujillo Javier2.
1
Students of IV Semester of Chemical Engineering, 2Physics Laboratory Teacher III

1. ABSTRACT
Planck's constant (h) is the relationship between energy and frequency associated with
quantum or elementary particles. The purpose of this report is to obtain Planck's constant.
For this, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are used. These devices convert electrical energy into
light; therefore, when exposed to a potential greater than a given potential, they will emit
light (visible or invisible). The operation of the LED allows to obtain the Planck constant
from the wavelength and the knee voltage of each LED. You can find the knee point
voltage by gradually reducing the resistance until you notice that you can see a large
difference between the current current and the subsequent current. After obtaining the
experimental constants, calculate the percentage of error relative to the theoretical constant,
and it is observed that most of the errors are above 10%. This is due to ineffective data
collection due to instrument failure.

Keywords: Planck constant, Bend voltage, LED

2. INTRODUCTION

Planck's constant is the relationship
between energy and frequency associated
with quantum or elementary particles. It
is a physical constant that plays a central
role in the theory of quantum mechanics
and is named after its discoverer. Max
Planck, one of the founders of this theory.
Planck's constant (represented by the
letter h) relates the energy E of the photon
to the frequency v of the light wave
according to the following formula:
E=h×f
The idea is that the electromagnetic
radiation emitted by a black body can be
modeled as a series of harmonic
oscillators with quantum energy. By
relating the energy (E) of the radiated
photon with its frequency and angular
momentum, we obtain:
E = hf = h w / 2π = h / 2π w = hw.
This model is very accurate, and has since
been called Planck's law, which means
that the universe is quantum rather than
continuous. At the macro level, this does
not appear to be the case, because the
value of Planck's constant is too small, so
the effect of this "quantization" or
"discretization" of the energy value of any
system obviously changes continuously.
Planck's constant is one of the most
important numbers in the universe and
has led mechanics to replace traditional
physics. Planck's constant also appears in
Heisenberg's uncertainty statement. When
the German scientist Max Planck was Once the information was obtained, the
studying radiation emitted by a hot data was recorded in the tables and
substance called black-body radiation, he graphs.
assumed that the vibratory energy E of
solid atoms can only have a specific 4. Results and graphs
frequency f. He proposed that only when
their vibratory energy changes and the
1. GREEN LED
energy is quantified, only when they
change in multiples of hf, will vibrating VOLTAGE (V) CURRENT (mA)
atoms emit radiation. This relationship is 0.434 0
given by: 0.62 0
1.037 0
E = nhf
1.5 0
Where n is an integer and h is the Planck 0.583 0.001
constant. 1.803 0.39
1.853 1.03
3. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP 1.871 1.4
1.891 1.891
1.909 2.442
1.921 2.81
1.938 3.44
1.954 4.1
1.973 4.49

CURRENT(mA) v.s VOLTAGE (V)

5

4.5
In the following experimental setup of
4
Planck's constant, we found the inflection
point where an extreme change in current 3.5
occurred as the voltage in the circuit 3
increased. For this, we put together the
proper circuit using a 5-volt power 2.5
supply, an LED board, a 100 Ω resistor, a 2
voltmeter, and an ammeter. Once the
circuit was assembled, we started the 1.5
voltage and current at 0, then we 1
increased the voltage by 0.05 until we
0.5
found the point of inflection in the
current. This process was repeated with 0
the 6 different LEDs, taking into account 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
the wavelength of each one and thus we
find the Planck constant for each LED.
 2. WHITE LED CURRENT(mA) v.s VOLTAGE (V)
VOLTAGE (V) CURRENT (mA) 30
0.583 0
25
0.897 0

CORRIENTE (nA)
1.08 0 20
1.56 0.05 15
1.748 0.315
10
1.851 0.8
1.921 1.39 5
1.982 2.14 0
2.027 2.81 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
2.047 3.17 VOLTAJE (V)
2.07 3.62
2.1 4.21
2.123 4.74
2.154 5.5

4. INFRARED LED
VOLTAGE(V) CURRENT (mA)
CURRENT(mA) v.s VOLTAGE (V) 0.581 0
6 0.688 0
0.799 0
5
0.891 0.02
CORRIENTE (nA)

4 0.961 0.09
1.032 0.43
3 1.065 0.92
2
1 1.22
1.086 1.51
1 1.095 1.84
1.127 3.84
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
1.134 4.48
VOLTAJE (V)
1.141 5.46
1.149 6.04

CURRENT(mA) v.s VOLTAGE (V)

3. YELLOW LED
7
VOLTAGE (V) CURRENT (mA)
0.416 0 6
0.808 0
CORRIENTE (nA)

1.169 0 5
1.55 0
4
1.766 0.35
1.814 0.86 3
1.869 2.35
1.897 3.9 2
1.913 5.11 1
1.931 6.91
1.942 8.29 0
1.96 11.05 0 0.5 1 1.5
1.981 15.4 VOLTAJE (V)
2.017 27.24
 greatest current bend and that frequency
The following table shows the data is affected by the wavelength of the LED.
collected from the modification of the
resistivity of the circuit with which the 6. REFERENCES
value of the inflection voltages of each
LED was collected, with its respective • Trujillo,J.A., LABORATORY
wavelength and then, the value of GUIDE
Planck's constant, using the equation, in • Beiser, A., Mahajan, S., &
order to calculate the error with respect to Choudhury, S. R. (2003).
the theoretical value later. Concepts of modern physics. Tata
Planck's McGraw- Hill Education.
colour Wave lon Wave lon Turning %
LED constant
(LED) (nm) (m) voltage (V) error
(h)
1 verde 628 6.28E-07 1.803 6.051E-34 8.74
2 blanco 598 5.98E-07 1.748 5.586E-34 15.75
3 amarillo 636 6.36E-07 1.776 6.036E-34 8.96
4 infrarrojo 1030 1.03E-06 1.032 5.68E-34 14.33

Speed of light: 299,792,458

Real value of Planck's constant 6.63E-34
1.602E-19

Point 4: by clearing the voltage from the

Planck constant formula it can be seen
that the relationship between wavelength
and voltage is inversely proportional,
when we compare the infrared LED with
the green LED it is shown that this
relationship is fulfilled.

5. CONCLUSION
In practice we were able to determine the
planck constant, from the release of
energy from an electron when it was
disturbed out of its orbit with certain
frequencies, which was shown when light
was formed in each LED light emitting
diode. We conclude that the red, blue and
white LED light, its inflection voltage
was higher than the others, that is, for
these much more voltage was needed to
be able to generate a disturbance that
causes the emission of the LED light. A
second observation is that the Bend
voltage depends on the first point of