Fixing “Weird Issues” under Windows 8 or Windows 10 Using the System File

Checker (SFC) and Deployment Imaging Servicing and Management (DISM)

Note: Both SFC and DISM must be run with administrator privileges in order to do their work. They
can be run either from PowerShell or from Command Prompt, but whichever you use it must be
invoked with the “Run as Administrator” option.

1. To open a PowerShell session using the “Run as Administrator” option (note: PowerShell is a
bit slower about opening up and being ready to go than Command Prompt is, but it’s easier
to invoke):
a. Hit the Windows Key + X, followed by A
b. You will then get a prompt from User Account Control asking whether you wish to
allow this program to make changes to your computer, and you will answer with,
“Yes.”
c. The PowerShell window with administrator privilege will open with the window
frame label, Administrator: Windows PowerShell
2. To open a Command Prompt window using the "Run as Administrator" option:
a. Hit the Windows Key then immediately start typing “Command Prompt.” Usually just
the “Command” part is enough. You will then almost certainly have the Command
Prompt desktop app returned as the first item in the search results.
b. Gain focus on it and bring up the context menu either via right click or hitting the
menu/applications key (if your machine has one) or SHIFT + F10 if it does not.
c. Select “Run as administrator” from the context menu that appears. You will then get
a prompt from User Account Control asking whether you wish to allow this program
to make changes to your computer, and you will answer with, “Yes.”
d. The Command Prompt window with administrator privilege will open with the
window frame label, Administrator: Command Prompt

If you are having "weird problems" with any Windows system, the first thing you should do is to run
the System File Checker (SFC). In the elevated Command Prompt or PowerShell window, enter this
command:

SFC /scannow
When it's finished look at its output to see if it found any corrupt files and whether it was able to fix
them.

If SFC reports that it was unable to fix something on Windows 8 and Windows 10 systems it's also
worth running the following command:

DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth

DISM should be able to fix errors that SFC may not be able to fix. You can run it even if SFC comes
back clean if you wish, as that will not hurt anything and it might find something SFC does not. If you
want to be really thorough, after running DISM, and presuming it reports that all has been fixed,
shutdown and restart your machine and run SFC one final time. The SFC result should be clean.
Typically, you will be done at this point. If the DISM fails to run or correct your issue, proceed below.
 If the above DISM does not fix your problem, or reports an error such that it cannot
run, do the following. Do NOT take the following steps unless you have issues with
the DISM command above

Download the media creation tool from the Microsoft Windows 10 Download Page
 
Use the option to create media for installing on another computer, and choose the ISO
option so that you will have the ISO file at the end. You will choose where it is to be saved
and you can assign the name yourself to make it easier to remember
 
In File Explorer, navigate to the folder containing the ISO file. Select the ISO, bring up the
context menu using right click or SHIFT + F10, and choose Mount from the context menu.

In the File Explorer that comes up for the mounted ISO, find the sources folder, then open it.

Locate the file named install.esd, select it, then hit CTRL + C to copy it to the system
clipboard. Navigate to the root of the C: drive, create a new folder called MediaInstallESD,
open it and then hit CTRL + V to paste it there from the clipboard.
 
Next, you will need to find the correct windows version from the install.esd by looking at the
Names associated with the Index Numbers. In a Command Prompt or Power Shell opened
elevated with admin privileges, enter the following commands, hitting the Enter key after
typing each (it may be easier to copy each and paste it in to the session):
CD c:\mediainstallESD
  DISM /Get-WimInfo /WimFile:install.esd
 
In the output of the DISM command, search for the Index number that matches the Name of
the edition running on the machine you’re working on. The most common are:
1 Home
6 Pro
4 Education

Next, you will convert the install.esd file into a WIM file, install.wim, copying the DISM
command below, changing the value noted by ? to the index number that corresponds to
the version of Windows 10 on the system you’re working on, then hitting Enter. This is the
ONLY ONE, of all the commands presented, that requires you to change something:
 
DISM /export-image /SourceImageFile:C:\MediaInstallESD\install.esd
/SourceIndex:? /DestinationImageFile:install.wim /Compress:max /CheckIntegrity
 
Next you are going to switch back to the root of the C: drive by using the command:
CD c:\
 
Next, you will run a series of 3 DISM commands, hitting the Enter key after each, and waiting
for each to complete before starting the next. These can take a while to run, so be patient. I
suggest copying each and pasting it into your Comand Prompt or Power Shell session:

DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /StartComponentCleanup

 
DISM /Online  /Cleanup-Image /AnalyzeComponentStore
 
DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth
/Source:WIM:C:\MediaInstallESD\install.wim:1 /LimitAccess
 
DISM shows a progress indicator and should complete with a success message.