AGRICULTURE

Group 4

"If you eat today, thank a farmer!

DEFINITION
Agriculture

Agriculture is the science, art, or

practice of cultivating the soil,
producing crops, and raising
livestock and in varying degrees the
preparation and marketing of the
resulting products.
How this came to be:

Agriculture has no single, simple origin. The first agriculture appears to

have developed at the closing of the last Pleistocene glacial period, or Ice
Age (about 11,700 years ago)
Agricultural communities developed when humans began to domesticate
plants and animals. By establishing domesticity, families and larger groups
were able to build communities and transition from a nomadic hunter-
gatherer lifestyle dependent on foraging and hunting for survival.
 Timeline In History:
10,000 BCE
Beginnings of agriculture in the Middle East.

9,000 BCE
Cultivation of wild cereals in the Fertile Crescent.

7,700 BCE
First domesticated wheat in the Fertile
Crescent.
 7,000 BCE
Domestication of goats.
Plant cultivation in North America.

6,700 - 6,500 BCE

Domestication of sheep.
Domestication of pigs.
Cultivation of peas in the
Eastern Mediterranean.

6,000 BCE
First irrigation.
 6,000 BCE - 2,900 BCE
Neolithic Age settlements in Greece,
beginning of agriculture.

5,000 BCE
Irrigation and agriculture begin in
earnest in Mesopotamia.
Organised farming begins in Egypt.

Villages arise in China around the Yellow River.

Terraced farming begins and rice is cultivated.

Cultivation of peas in Europe.

 4,500 BCE
Invention of the plow.

4,000 BCE
Use of wool for textiles.

3,500 BCE
Farming has spread across
Europe.

2,700 BCE
Corn is first cultivated in
Mesoamerica.
The Ifugao Rice Terraces are the priceless contribution of Philippine ancestors
to humanity. Built 2000 years ago and passed on from generation to
generation, the Ifugao Rice Terraces represent an enduring illustration of an
ancient civilization that surpassed various challenges and setbacks posed by
modernization.
 Traces of modern Philippine agriculture became most visible to the Outside
World at the height of the Spanish regime when industries were encouraged
and developed and supplied the major needs of the colonizer Spain and other
European consumers for tobacco, sugar and abaca.
Where did Agriculture begin?

Egyptians were
believed to be the first
people to discover
Agriculture between
10,000 BC and 4000
BC.
Fertile Crescent, Middle East
It is believed that the earliest
farmers lived in the Fertile
Crescent, a region in the
Middle East. Scientist
assumed that farmers have
been started by one group
of the ancestral humans.
To provide affordable food
to thousands who need it
Beal and Harlow Farms believes everyone needs
access to a local farm that can offer quality crops
at affordable prices.

Crop Rotation
Is defined as growing a
different crop on a given
land area every
growing/planting cycle and
season. Crops are rotated
for different reasons, but
one reason is to break
disease and pest cycles. In
some areas of the world
conventional agriculture
means crops are rotated
for a given land area either
seasonally or yearly.
Practices Popularized
Cover Crops Natural Pest Soil Enrichment
Predators
Is a plant that is used Soil Enrichment is a
primarily to slow Parasites, pathogens, fertilizer catalyst that
erosion, improve soil and predator manage makes fertilizer more
health, enhance water pest controls. It is efficient by conditioning
especially important for the soil to allow more
availability, smother
nutrients into the grass
weeds, help control reducing the numbers
and improve grass health.
pests and diseases, of insects and mites by
These are methods used
increase biodiversity these living organism,
to improve the quality of
and bring a host of other collectively called "
soil. There are two
benefits to your farm. natural enemies", which
majorly used types are
is also called Biological
the organic and inorganic
Control. method.

Tractor
It allows them to plant earlier
and to the correct density, it
helps them manage weeds and
harvest on time.It is used for
plowing ,tilling, disking,
harrowing ,planting and etc.
TOOLS USED
Agricultural
Harvester
Commonly used to harvest
grain crops.Specific heights
must be maintained based on
the crop being harvested,
feeding and level control into
the harvester itself and
precision measurements while
the agricultural harvester
operates.
Seeder and
Fertilizer
They are equipment
developed to place the seeds
directly and to distribute
fertilizers and fertilizers. As
the name implies, this
agricultural equipment serves
to add fertilizer to the land. Its
main parts are the hopper or
tank. The fertilizer, the drop
tube, and the distributor are
loaded.
 Shovel
The shovel is one of the most
ancient equipments of
farmers. The general usage of
this equipment is to dig the
soil. It is very versatile and can
get us out of a hurry at any
time, without using the heavy
machines..
Rake
Rakes are ordinarily utilized
in farming, agriculture,
cultivating and arranging. The
main function of this toothed
bar is to loosen and level the
ground.
Machete
It is used for mowing the
grass, cutting or pruning the
plants, or working his way
through the brush.
Sprinker
It is a technique for applying
water which is like natural
rainfall. Water is passing
through a system of channels
usually by pumping. The
water splashed into the air
through sprinklers with the
goal that it separates into little
water drops that fall to the
ground.
How is an
Agricultural society
different from a
Horticultural society?
A horticultural society has limited
knowledge of cultivating plants,
animals, and their surroundings,
while the people of the agrarian
society have learned and developed
better planting, harvesting, and land
cultivation methods due to the
invention of advanced equipment.
2 main sources of
food in agricultural
society:

1. Cultivation and
harvesting of crops
2. From animals
 Is it still present or done today? In what places?
As one of the major parts of the society, Agriculture plays an
integral function of feeding its people and supplying food for the
entire world. With this, it is still present today.

It is present in almost all countries around the world especially

when cultivating of soil is possible. Leading countries are: China,
India, United States, and Brazil.
CHINA AS THE LEADING COUNTRY IN AGRICULTURE

Source: Food and Agriculture Organization

 SOUTHEAST ASIA
Southeast Asian countries are known for large productions of
rice. Other commodities such as coffee and cocoa as well as
fruits and vegetables are also present. .

PHILIPPINES
Agriculture is also widely present in the Philippines, and this
serves as means of living for the country's 5 million farmers.
The Philippines' major agricultural products include rice,
coconuts, corn, sugarcane, bananas, pineapples, and
mangoes.
How was Agriculture innovated?
The development of agricultural changed the way humans
lived. They switched from nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyles to
permanent settlements and farming.

Farmers cultivated small plots of land by hand, using axes to

clear away trees and digging sticks to break up and till the soil.

One of the most important of these developments was an

improved horse-drawn seed drill.Along with new machines,
there were several important advances in farming methods.
 REFERENCES:
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/agriculture
https://www.sare.org/resources/cover-crops/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/crop-rotation
https://farmingmethod.com/modern-farm-tools/
https://medium.com/@preksha_5275/importance-of-rake-as-gardening-tool-d6d18123b437
https://www.worldhistory.org/Fertile_Crescent/
https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/722/
https://www.worldhistory.org/timeline/Agriculture/
https://www.britannica.com/topic/agriculture/How-agriculture-and-domestication-began
https://www.crestcapital.com/tax/history_of_agriculture
http://huntgatherfarm.leadr.msu.edu/europe-and-the-middle-east/
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/fertile-crescent/
http://www.fao.org/country-showcase/item-detail/en/c/1287824/
https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/07/15/485722228/where-did-agriculture-begin-oh-boy-its-complicated
https://blog.agrivi.com/post/the-development-of-agriculture
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/article/development-agriculture/
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YOU FOR
LISTENING!