LTE Planning

Prepared By: RF Team

AbdelRahman Fady & Mohamed Mohsen
LTE Planning Procedures
• Planning process is a very vital process
we should do it carefully to get good
network performance
• LTE Planning Process consists of three
main steps as below
• Preplanning
• Information Gathering
• Dimensioning
• Detailed planning
• Prediction & Simulation
• TSS
• Code Planning
• Neighbors Planning
• Parameters planning
• Acceptance
• SSV
• KPIs
Information gathering
• Dimensioning Procedures should follow information gathering job about the nature of the
subscriber and the area
• We can divide the gathered information into the following
• Design Information
• Required BLER
• Minimum RSRP
• Limited MCS
• ……. etc.
• Inventory information
• Number of GSM/UMTS sites
• Type of antennas
• MIMO existence
• TMA existence
• …. etc.
• RF features
• Scheduler type
• …… etc.
• Subscriber information
• Mixed services Traffic Model
• Users behaviors
• ….etc.
• Coverage information
• Clutter type
• ….etc.
LTE Dimensioning Concept
Dimensioning Procedures should follow Dimensioning could be divided into two main
information gathering job about the nature of steps as following
the subscriber and the area • Capacity dimensioning
• Coverage dimensioning
Both capacity and coverage dimensioning
process should be balanced

Coverage
Dimensioning • Cell radius (R)
Gathered • Inter site distance (I)
Info. • Number of sites (N)
Capacity • Main design info
Dimensioning
LTE Dimensioning Concept
Dimensioning Procedures should follow Dimensioning could be divided into two main
information gathering job about the nature of steps as following
the subscriber and the area • Capacity dimensioning
• Coverage dimensioning
Both capacity and coverage dimensioning
process should be balanced

N = Total Area / Site Area (A)

A = 1.94 * R^2 … directional antenna or

A = 2.5 * R^2 … omni antenna

D = 1.5 * R
LTE Dimensioning Concept

Coverage Get ( R )
Dimensioning

Modify

Capacity Get ( N & D )

Dimensioning
Coverage dimensioning
• Coverage Dimensioning Steps

Uplink Link budget

Get (MAPL)
Coverage Limited one
Downlink Link
Dimensioning
Budget

Subs. In Propagation
Get ( R ) , Get ( D ) and Model equation
Get ( N)
Coverage dimensioning
• Coverage Dimensioning Steps

• Uplink Coverage : considering the uplink is the limitation we will start with it.

• Bit rate requirement

• SINR requirement

a0, a1, a2 and a3 are fitted parameters and the SINR is expressed in dB.

The semi-empirical parameter a0 represents the maximum obtainable bit rate

in one resource block.
Coverage dimensioning
• Coverage Dimensioning Steps

• Uplink Coverage
• SINR requirement
DL Fitted parameters

UL Fitted parameters
Coverage dimensioning
• Coverage Dimensioning Steps

• Uplink Coverage
• Bit rate requirement

• SINR requirement

• eNodeB Receiver sensitivity

Coverage dimensioning
• Coverage Dimensioning Steps

• Uplink Coverage
• Bit rate requirement

• SINR requirement

• eNodeB Receiver sensitivity

• Noise rise calculation

Coverage dimensioning
• Coverage Dimensioning Steps

• Uplink Coverage
• Bit rate requirement

• SINR requirement

• eNodeB Receiver sensitivity

• Noise rise calculation

• UE power per RB
Coverage dimensioning
• Coverage Dimensioning Steps

• Uplink Link Budget

MAPL_Uplink = Pue,rb – eNB_senstivity – penetration loss – body loss – FFM – Noise_rise -
LNF_margine – AS_losses + Ant_gain + another Gains

Log Normal fading

Coverage dimensioning
• Coverage Dimensioning Steps

• Uplink Link Budget

MAPL_Uplink = Pue,rb – eNB_senstivity – penetration loss – body loss – FFM – Noise_rise -

LNF_margine – AS_losses + Ant_gain + another Gains

Building penetration Losses

Coverage dimensioning
• Coverage Dimensioning Steps

• Uplink Link Budget

MAPL_Uplink = Pue,rb – eNB_senstivity – penetration loss – body loss – FFM – Noise_rise -

LNF_margine – AS_losses + Ant_gain + another Gains

• Car_losses is typically 7 to 8 dB

• Fast Fading margine is typically from 0 to 2 dB

• Body Loss is typically 0 to 5 dB

• AS_losses = Feeder_Loss + Jumber_Loss + connector_losses

• Ant_Gain is typically 18 dB

• Another system gain like MIMO gain or TMA gain

Coverage dimensioning
• Coverage Dimensioning Steps

• Downlink Link Budget

MAPL_Downlink = P_RB – LTE-Ue_senstivity – penetration_loss – Car_Losses – IM - body loss –

FFM – LNF_margine – AS_losses + Ant_gain + another system Gains

• P_RB = HPA_Power / Nrb

• Nrb is the number of RB per carrier as explained before

• LTE-Ue_senstivity = Nt + Nf + 10 log (Nrb” * 180KHZ) + SINR

• Nrb” is number of RBs assigned for single subscriber @

cell edge. It should depend on the required throughput at
cell edge.
Coverage dimensioning
• Coverage Dimensioning Steps

• Downlink Link Budget

MAPL_Downlink = P_RB – LTE-Ue_senstivity – penetration_loss – Car_Losses – IM - body loss –

FFM – LNF_margine – AS_losses + Ant_gain + another system Gains

• How to get SINR_DL….?

Coverage dimensioning
• Coverage Dimensioning Steps

• Downlink Link Budget

MAPL_Downlink = P_RB – LTE-Ue_senstivity – penetration_loss – Car_Losses – IM - body loss –

FFM – LNF_margine – AS_losses + Ant_gain + another system Gains

• How to get SINR_DL….?

Coverage dimensioning
• Coverage Dimensioning Steps

• Downlink Link Budget

MAPL_Downlink = P_RB – LTE-Ue_senstivity – penetration_loss – Car_Losses – IM - body loss –

FFM – LNF_margine – AS_losses + Ant_gain + another system Gains

• Interference Margin
• Due to using RP = 1 in LTE
@ cell edge we have to
expect level of interference
this level of interference
should be varies with cell
load hence we have to
consider this level of
interference during our
calculations of MAPL
Coverage dimensioning
• Coverage Dimensioning Steps

• Downlink Link Budget

MAPL_Downlink = P_RB – LTE-Ue_senstivity – penetration_loss – Car_Losses – IM - body loss –

FFM – LNF_margine – AS_losses + Ant_gain + another system Gains

Log Normal fading

Coverage dimensioning
• Coverage Dimensioning Steps

• Downlink Link Budget

MAPL_Downlink = P_RB – LTE-Ue_senstivity – penetration_loss – Car_Losses – IM - body loss –

FFM – LNF_margine – AS_losses + Ant_gain + another system Gains

Building penetration Losses

Coverage dimensioning
• Coverage Dimensioning Steps

• Downlink Link Budget

MAPL_Downlink = P_RB – LTE-Ue_senstivity – penetration_loss – Car_Losses – IM - body loss –

FFM – LNF_margine – AS_losses + Ant_gain + another system Gains

• Car_losses is typically 7 to 8 dB

• Fast Fading margine is typically from 0 to 2 dB

• Body Loss is typically 0 to 5 dB

• AS_losses = Feeder_Loss + Jumber_Loss + connector_losses

+ TMA insertion Loss

• Ant_Gain is typically 18 dB

• Another system gain like MIMO gain or Scheduler gain

Coverage dimensioning
• Get limited MAPL then substitute in propagation model equation to get R

• Radius calculation ( R )
Capacity Dimensioning
• Target of capacity dimensioning is to get the number of cells / sites we do need to accommodate
the offered traffic.

Capacity Get ( N )
Dimensioning

N = Total Number of users / Number of users per site (Nuser)

Nuser = No# cells / site * Number of users per cell (Ncell)

Ncell = Traffic per cell / traffic per user

Capacity Dimensioning
• Target of capacity dimensioning is to get the number of cells / sites we do need to accommodate
the offered traffic.

Uplink Number of
sites
Get (N)
Capacity Limited one
Downlink Number
Dimensioning
of Sites

Back with New (N)

Balance to Get final to Coverage
( R, D & N)
Capacity Dimensioning
• Cell Capacity Calculation
• Cell Capacity calculation
• TCell = Tmax * Q
• Where
• Tmax is the maximum cell throughput
• Q is the maximum cell loading factor

• Tmax = (((Number of bits / symbol) * 144)/ 1 msec ) * Nrb * MIMO_order * (1-

CCH_ratio)

• Where
• Number of bits / symbol = Modulation order * Code rate
• Nrb is the total number of resource block per carrier
• CCH_ratio is the ratio of control channels
• MIMO_order is the degree of MIMO
Capacity Dimensioning
• Cell Capacity Calculation
• User capacity calculation

1
SessionTraffic (kbits)  bearRate  Session Time  Session Duty Ratio 
1  BLER
Bearer Rate: Required Rate for the service
Session Time: PPP Session Time
Session Duty Ration: what is the percentage of active
transmission per session
BLER: Block Error Rate

BusyHourThroughput / user (kbps)  [( BHSA * SessionTraffic )i  Penetratio nRate i ]

BHSA: Busy Hour Session Attempts

Penetration Rate: percentage of service user
Capacity Dimensioning
Traffic Modeling

PPP Session PPP Session Throughput Per

Mean Bit Rate (Kbps) BLER
Time (s) Duty Ratio Session (Kbit)

UL DL UL DL UL DL UL DL UL DL

VoIP 32 32 210 210 0.4 0.4 1% 1% 2715.15 2715.15

Video Phone 64 64 54 54 1 1 1% 1% 3490.91 3490.91

Video
128 192 1800 1800 1 1 1% 1% 232727 349091
conference

Interactive
50 64 1800 1800 0.2 0.4 1% 1% 18181.8 46545.5
Gaming

Streaming
10 300 3600 3600 0.05 0.95 1% 1% 1818.18 1036364
Media

Instant
20 20 7 7 0.2 0.2 1% 1% 28.2828 28.2828
Messaging

Web Browsing 8 256 1800 1800 0.05 0.05 1% 1% 727.273 23272.7

Email 256 256 300 300 1 1 1% 1% 77575.8 77575.8

Thank You