THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SLEEP PATTERN AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

A Research Paper
Presented to the Faculty of
Cavite National High School
Cavite City

In Fulfilment
of the Course Requirement STEM
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics

Cataulin, Carlos Luis

Ordoñez, John Henry B.
Calderon, Ansherina Nicole H.
Santos, Michelle Jane T.

March 2020

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To the Faculty Members

CNHS – Senior High

Dear Sir/ Madam

In fulfilment of the requirements of the STEM Curriculum, our group conducted a research entitled
―The Relationship between Sleep Pattern and Academic Performance of Grade 11 Students‖
In this regard, we are humbly requesting you to sit as our panellist for our Research Defense at Room
59, Chemistry Laboratory Room at your most convenient time. Attached herewith is a copy of our
research output for your perusal. As aspiring profound student researchers, we will be needing your
expertise for us to fulfill our requirements.

Your positive response will be highly appreciated. Thank you!

Name of Panelist Date Time Signature of Panelist

1. Timothy Paul A. Guinto Feb. 19, 2020 9:40 – 10:00
Science Teacher
2. Marilyn D. Varona Feb. 19, 2020 9:40 – 10:00
Language Teacher
Sincerely yours,

_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________

Carlos Luis Cataulin John Henry B. Ordoñez Michelle Jane T. Santos Ansherina B. Calderon

Noted by:
Adellete I. Sedigo
Research Adviser

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

First, and most of all, we would like to thank Ms. Adelette I. Sedigo, for her expertise,

guidance, and patience throughout the process of making this research paper. Without your help, this

would not be possible. We also want to thank our validators, Genesis F. Dela Cruz, Marilyn D.

Varona, and Christian Gravador for their help and support and encouragement.

We would like to extend my sincere gratitude to Mrs. Jellina Joy Rosga. She made our time at

the Cavite National High School – Senior High School memorable and enjoyable. We also want to

thank all of our fellow classmates who help us in times of trouble.

Lastly, we would like to thank our friends, family, and everyone else who helped and

contribute to this research, thank you all for keeping us company.

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CATAULIN, C. L., CALDERON, A. N., ORDOÑEZ, J. H., & SANTOS, M. J. **The Relationship
between Sleep Pattern and Academic Performance of Grade 11 Students, Cavite National High
School – Senior High School, Philippines
Keywords: Sleep Pattern, Academic Performance, Chronotype

ABSTRACT

Sleep plays a vital role in good health and well-being throughout your life. According to

Kirschstein (2018) Getting enough quality sleep at the right times can help protect your mental

health, physical health, quality of life, and safety. The way you feel while you're awake depends in

part on what happens while you're sleeping. During sleep, your body is working to support healthy

brain function and maintain your physical health

The goal of the study was to determine the relationship between sleep patterns and academic

performance of Grade 11 students of Cavite National High School – Senior High School. It was

conducted to know if the sleeping pattern can greatly affect the students' performance in school.

The sleep pattern was found to be significant to academic performance based on the found result.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page i

Approval Sheet ii

Acknowledgment iii

Abstract iv

Table of Contents v

List of Tables vii

List of Figures viii

List of Appendices ix

Chapter

Introduction

Background of the Study 1

Statement of the Problem 3

Scope and Delimitation 3

Significance of the Study 4

Review of Related Literature and Studies 5

Conceptual Framework 7

Hypothesis of the Study 7

Definition of Terms 8

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Methodology

Research Design 9

Sample and Sampling Techniques 9

Instrumentation 9

Statistical Treatment of Data 10

Data Gathering Procedure 11

Results

Testing of Acceptability 13

Demographic Profile and Type of Sleeping Pattern of the Respondents 13

Discussion

Summary 17

Conclusion 17

Recommendation 18

References 19

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LIST OF TABLES

Table Title Page

1 Mean of the Respondents in Academic Performance 13

2 Crosstabulation — Sex and Sleeping Pattern 14

3 Crosstabulation — Strand and Sleeping 14

4 Crosstabulation — Age and Sleeping Pattern 16

5 Crosstabulation — Academic Performance and Sleeping Pattern 16

6 Chi-Square Correlation of Academic Performance and Type Sleeping Pattern 17

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Title Page

1 The Research Paradigm Illustrating the Researcher’s Conceptual Framework. 7

2 Distribution of Respondents According to Sleep Pattern 12

3 Distribution of Respondents According to Walking Time 12

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LIST OF APPENDICES

A. Survey Questionnaire 20

B. Survey Questionnaire Answered by the Respondents 21

C. Excuse Letter 22

D. Respondents Answering the Survey Questionnaire 23

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CHAPTER I

Introduction

Background of the Study

Sleep is a naturally recurring state of mind and body, characterized by altered consciousness. It is

one of the most important things needed by the body. Rest serves to reenergize the body’s cells, clear

squander from the brain and bolster learning and memory (Scientific American Mind, 2018).

According to Wilson (2016), individuals who can get by on four hours of rest in some cases brag

around their quality and perseverance. But later logical think about to appear that a need of rest causes

numerous critical changes within the body and increments your chance for genuine well-being

concerns such as corpulence, malady, and indeed early death. The researchers conclude that stress

about the deadlines of works, environment, and medical conditions can affect the sleep pattern of a

person.

Jordan, P. (2019) stated that there are different types of sleeping patterns, each with different

advantages and disadvantages. Monophasic sleep is essentially what most people would call a normal

sleeping pattern. A person sleeps for around 7-8 hours per night. It is the most common sleeping

pattern and the one most societies have adopted, but some people can sleep for only 5-6 hours and still

feel energized and fine. Nothing is abnormal here.

According to Sleep Habit (2019), there are four different stages of sleep and two different types of

sleep. These two types of sleep are the Non-Rapid Eye Movement or NREM and Rapid Eye

Movement or REM. NREM has three (3) stages that progressively take you from the lightest stage of

sleep to the very deepest stage of sleep. REM has just the one stage, the stage of NREM, starting from

the moment you slowly drift off to sleep. Your brain begins preparing you for the deep sleep ahead.

Your muscles relax and your breathing becomes slow and steady.
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Park, A. (2009) stated that it is no surprise that poor sleep habits may negatively impact academic

performance anyone who has been exhausted enough to doze off during class knows that is

detrimental to learning. Various of studies have linked an increase in nightly sleep to better cognition

and alertness. The new research, however, goes a step further, quantifying the impact of erratic or

inadequate sleep on grades.

According to Breus, M. (2018), some people may still feel tired after a full night of sleep. It is

because of the chronotypes, some people are active in the morning and some person is much active at

night. There are four Chronotypes (Dolphin, Lion, Bear, and Wolf), and most people fit into the

―Bear‖ category.

Breus, M.(2018) stated that dolphins are light sleepers, often diagnosed with insomnia. Bear on the

other hand, where most people fall into the bear chronotype category. Bears’ sleep-wake patterns

follow the sun, and they have no difficulty sleeping. Bears are most ready for intense tasks smack in

the middle of the morning, and they feel a dip in the mid-afternoon. Lions wake up early. These are

the go-getters, the leaders, the type-A movers, and shakers. They might not reach for a cup of coffee

until a little before lunch, and their most productive hours have already passed by that time. Because

of their action-packed mornings, they tend to fizzle out in the evening and turn in early. Lastly, the

wolf is on the nocturnal end of the spectrum. They get a later start to their day and ride the

productivity wave while the rest of the world winds down.

Due to the over-served impacts of sleep, the researcher decided to determine the relationship

between sleep patterns and academic performance of Grade 11 students in Cavite National High

School – Senior High School.

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Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the relationship between sleep patterns and academic performance of

Grade 11 students in Cavite National High School – Senior High School. Specifically, this answers the

following :

1) What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

a. sex; and,

b. age?

2) What is the connection of types of sleeping pattern to the student’s academic performance:

a. monophasic;

b. biphasic; and

c. polyphasic?

3) Is there a significance between sleep patterns and academic performance of Grade 11

students in Cavite National High School – Senior High School?

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The focus of this study is to conduct a survey to determine the relationship between sleep patterns

and academic performance of Grade 11 students. The study is limited only for Grade 11 students. The

cause of the student's quality sleep and sleep deprivation will not be discussed. The study will be

conducted in Cavite National High School- Senior High School AY 2019 – 2020, other schools and

grade level is beyond the scope of the study.

Descriptive Correlational is the research design of the study. It is primarily interested in describing

relationships among variables, without seeking to establish a causal connection. The researchers used

it to describe the relationship between sleep pattern and academic performance.

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This study used a survey questionnaire consist of 30 questions. The researchers’ procedure in choosing

the sample was stratified random selection. The data gathered was carefully statistically analyzed to

get the right data.

Significance of the Study

The purpose of this study is to distinguish the sleep pattern of the students in terms of school

works. It also aims to determine the relationship between sleep patterns and academic performance of

Grade 11 students in Cavite National High School – Senior High School. This study will benefit the

following:

Students. The study would help the students to gain knowledge and the right technique to

Teacher. Using this study the teachers will be more aware of why the students may have poor

participation in the classroom and remember the lessons quickly.

School Administrators. This study will help the organization to implement the best time of school

to boost students’ academic performance.

Parent. This study would help the parents to know what sleep pattern best for their child and guide

them accordingly.

Health Practitioners. This study could be an instrument for the health practitioners in which it

could help them to easily know the sleep pattern of people and how it affects the academic

performance.

Community. The study will give the community a chance to choose the best type of sleeping

pattern. It will help people to be more focused, sharp and good quality sleep.

Future Researchers. This study could be an instrument for the future researchers in which it could

help acquire information lacking in their study, especially about the sleeping pattern.

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Review of Related Literature and Related Studies

Sleeping Pattern

Jordan, P. (2019) stated that there are different types of sleeping patterns, each with different

advantages and disadvantages. Monophasic sleep is essentially what most people would call a normal

sleeping pattern. A person sleeps for around 7-8 hours per night. It’s the most common sleeping

pattern and the one most societies have adopted, but some people can sleep for only 5-6 hours and still

feel energized and fine. Nothing is abnormal here. Biphasic sleep is here a person sleeps twice per day.

Most commonly, it consists of a long sleep during the night with a shorter rest during the day.

Polyphasic sleep pattern consists of multiple periods of sleep per day, generally ranging from 4 to 6

periods of sleep per day. There are many different combinations of polyphasic sleep patterns, but the

most well-known are Everyman, Uberman, and Dymaxion.

According to Natural Sleep Foundation (2019), all of the biological creatures have an internal

circadian biological clock that regulates the timings of sleepiness and the state of being awake of a

person. The circadian rhythm dips and rises at different times of the day, so adults' strongest sleep

drive generally occurs between 2:00-4:00 am and in the afternoon between 1:00-3:00 pm, although

there is some variation depending on whether you are a ―morning person‖ or ―evening person.‖

Changes to this circadian rhythm occur during adolescence when most teens experience a sleep phase

delay. This shift in teens' circadian rhythm causes them to naturally feel alert later at night, making it

difficult for them to fall asleep before 11:00 pm. Since most teens have early school start times along

with other commitments, this sleep phase delay can make it difficult to get the sleep teens to need an

average of 9 1/4 hours, but at least 8 hours. This sleep deprivation can influence the circadian rhythm;

for teens, the strongest circadian ―dips‖ tend to occur between 3:00-7:00 am and 2:00-5:00 pm, but the

morning dip (3:00-7:00 am) can be even longer if teens haven’t had enough sleep, and can even last

until 9:00 or 10:00 am.

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According to Segaren (2018), most students probably know that depriving themselves of sleep is

bad, but nonetheless, they’re willing to sacrifice sleep and as a consequence, health, telling themselves

it is just for a short time and they can soon start sleeping 12-hours a day once the semester draws to a

close.

But research shows that sleep is extremely important, not just during finals week but throughout the

entire semester. College students are known for slapdash sleeping habits, but these patterns could be

detrimentally impacting your performance, and it’s time to nip them in the bud.

Academic Performance

Student performance is measured using grade point average (GPA), high school graduation rate,

annual standardized tests, and college entrance exams. A student's GPA is typically measured on a

scale of zero to four with higher GPAs representing higher grades in the classroom. Graduation rates

are collected by state and federal education officials as a baseline measurement of secondary education

performance. Each state conducts annual tests at the elementary, middle and high school levels to

determine student proficiency in subjects like English and mathematics.

Sleep Pattern

Sleep plays a crucial role in cognitive and emotional functioning, especially during the period of

adolescence when the biological sleep-wake cycle changes rapidly. Lifestyle changes during

adolescence also may be accompanied by profound alterations in the timing and duration of sleep.

These days, many adolescents do not get enough sleep and may suffer adverse effects of insufficient

sleep.

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Academic Performance

The academic performance of adolescents is important for their psychosocial development and to

prepare them for adulthood. The learning capacity and academic performance of adolescents may be

affected by sleep quality or quantity because sleep plays important role in attention and memory.

Several studies have reported an association between academic performance and sleep duration in

adolescence. However, others have found no significant association between academic performances

and sleep duration in adolescents or in medical college students. This discrepancy may be explained

by the fact that sleep duration cannot exactly represent the unmet sleep need for each individual.

Conceptual Framework

Jordan, P. (2019) stated that poor and lack of sleep will greatly affect the academic performance of

the students. Time activeness also contributes to the academic performance of the students.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Sleep Pattern
Academic Performance

Time Activeness

Figure 1. The research paradigm illustrating the researcher’s conceptual framework.

Figure 1 shows the flowchart about how the sleep pattern and time activeness of a person can

change their academic performance.

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Hypothesis of the Study

H0: There was no relationship between sleep patterns and academic performance of Grade 11

students in Cavite National High School – Senior High School.

Ha: There was a relationship between sleep patterns and academic performance of Grade 11 students

in Cavite National High School – Senior High School.

Definition of Terms

Chronotype. It is the behavioral manifestation of underlying circadian rhythms of myriad physical

processes. A person's chronotype is the propensity for the individual to sleep at a particular time

during a 24-hour period. In this study, the term chronotype was used to determine in which category

the students fit and which category has a negative effect to the student’s academic performance.

Sleep Deprivation. It is the consistent lack of sleep or reduced quality of sleep. In this study, the

term sleep deprivation was used to know if it has a negative impact to the student’s performance for

the entire school day.

Sleep Pattern. It is the number of sleep and the interval of each sleep. It has three types the

monophasic, people who sleep once a day; biphasic, people who sleep twice a day; and polyphasic,

people who sleep 3 or more times. In this paper, the term sleep pattern used to determine if it has a

negative or positive effect to the academic performance of the students.

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CHAPTER II

Methodology

This chapter is divided into five sections; it states the method and procedure used by the researchers

on conducting the said study on the chosen respondents, the place where it is performed, and the data

collected from the respondents.

Research Design

This study will use a descriptive correlational method to determine the relationship between sleep

patterns and academic performance of Grade 11 (Creswell, 2010). Descriptive correlational research is

a study in which the researcher is primarily interested in describing relationships among variables,

without seeking to establish a causal connection.

Sample and Sampling Techniques

The sampling method used in this study was proportional stratified sampling. The respondents of

the study consist of 225 people. The target respondents are the quarter of each of every section of

Grade 11 students of Cavite National High School.

The respondents were chosen using stratified selection. It was to highlight a specific subgroup

within the population which are the Grade 11 students of Cavite National High School.

The target respondents are the quarter of each of every section of Grade 11 students of Cavite

National High School.

Instrumentation

The questionnaire was divided into three parts. First was about the respondent’s sleeping pattern,

the second is about the respondent’s time activeness, and the last part is about the respondent’s

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academic performance. It was consist of 30 statements. The researchers used chi-squared to test

whether to accept or reject the null hypothesis.

There were three parts, first was about the respondent’s sleeping pattern, the second is about the

respondent’s time activeness, and the last part is about the respondent’s academic performance. It was

consist of 30 questions. The researchers used chi-squared to test whether to accept or reject the null

hypothesis.

The survey questionnaire was assessed using the following rating scale:

Verbal Description Score

Strongly Agree (SA) 4

Agree (A) 3

Disagree (DA) 2

Strongly Disagree (SD) 1

Statistical Treatment of Data

The mean score was obtained from the 225 respondents as well as the mean from the two sets of the

survey that the teacher answered:

Scale Interpretation

3.26 – 4.00 Strongly Agree (SA)

2.51 – 3.25 Agree (A)

1.76 – 2.50 Disagree (DA)

1.00 – 1.75 Strongly Disagree (SD)

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Chi-squared was used to measures how expectations compare to actual observed data. It was used to

test the relationship between sleep pattern and academic performance of the studets.

Data Gathering Procedure

The respondents answered the questionnaire during free-time where nothing can disturb the

respondents from answering the survey questionnaire. The respondents were given a limited time of 20

minutes to complete the survey questionnaires. The respondents were randomly picked where

everyone has a chance to be picked by the researchers.

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CHAPTER III
Results

This chapter is about the results gathered by the researchers conducted from the randomly chosen

respondents.

Polyphasic
21% Monophasic
32%

Biphasic
47%

Figure 2. Distribution of Respondents According to Sleep Pattern

Figure 2 shows the percentage of the respondent’s sleeping pattern. 47% of the respondents are

biphasic, 32% of the respondents are monophasic and the remaining 21% are polyphasic.

Sleep Early
Sleep Late 40%
60%

Figure 3 shows that 40% of the respondents sleep early and the remaining 60% stay up late.

Figure 3. Distribution of Respondents According to Waking Time

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Table 1. Mean of the Respondents in Academic Performance

2.93 A
I have a good mood after waking up which helps boost my studies.

2.5 A
I fall asleep within 30 minutes.

2.5 A
I don’t have problems with remembering.

3.12 A
I can focus on class when I have enough sleep.

3.43 SA
Good sleep helps me reduce stress.

2.91 A
I can’t review my lectures because of sleepiness.

2.95 A
I have a clear head after sleeping.

2.5 A
Sleepiness doesn’t interfere with my studies

3 A
I am satisfied with my sleep because I think more clearly and do better in class.

2.56 A
I am always late due to lack of sleep.

Table 1 showed the mean score of the respondents’ academic performance. Based on the result most of

the students were agree in the most of the question, except for the question number 5. which was

strongly agree. According to New Zealand Law Society, sleep can definitely reduce levels of stress.

Demographic Profile and Type of Sleeping Pattern of the Respondents

Tables 2 to 4 showed the numbers of respondents in the study when divided into different distinct

demographic profiles categories. The following tables will show the number of Monophasic, Biphasic,

and Polyphasic respondents when divided by age and, sex and track/strand.

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Table 2. Crosstabulation — Age and Sleeping Pattern

Type
Age Total
Monophasic Biphasic Polyphasic
15-16 33 42 20 95

17-18 37 59 24
120
19-20 3 4 3
10

Table 2 showed that among 225 respondents, 33 of which at the age of 15-16 are Monophasic, 42

are Biphasic, and 20 are Polyphasic. 37 respondents with the age of 17-18 are Monophasic, 59

Biphasic and Polyphasic with only 24.

Table 3. Crosstabulation — Academic Performance and Sleeping Pattern

Academic Type
Total
Performance Monophasic Biphasic Polyphasic

7 18 10 73
Strongly Agree
Agree 47 66 29 104

Disagree 19 20 9 48

Strongly 0 0 0 0
Disagree

Table 3 showed that among 225 respondents, 73 respondents have excellent academic performance

and 104 are good and no respondent has a poor academic performance. 18 respondents who sleep

twice a day got excellent in academic performance, 66 of them got good.

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Table 4. Chi-Square Correlation of Academic Performance and Type of Sleeping Pattern

Value Degree of Freedom P-Value Decision

3.931 6 0.686 Not Significant

Table 4 showed that the correlation between the two variables is statistically insignificant. Chi-

square value of 3.931 with the degree of freedom of 6 and P-Value of 0.686 translates to a not

significant correlation.

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CHAPTER IV

Discussion

This chapter includes a summary of the study, a conclusion based on the data gathered and some

recommendations to further improve the study.

Summary

The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between academic performance and

sleeping pattern Grade 11 students of Cavite National High School – Senior High School. Respondents

were given survey questionnaires to find the answer.

The summary of the findings are as follows:

1. Majority of the students of Cavite National High School – Senior High School were

Biphasic.

2. 85% of the respondents from Technical Drafting sleep once a day.

3. The respondents who sleep twice a day have better performance than the other.

Conclusion

What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

 Sex

- According to the data gathered the relationship between sleep pattern and sex are

significant

 Age

- Data showed that there was a significant relationship between sleep pattern and age

What is the connection of types of sleeping pattern to the student’s academic performance:

 Monophasic;

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- Data showed that 32% of the respondents were monophasic.

 Biphasic; and

- The majority of the students were biphasic.

 Polyphasic

- 21% of the respondents were polyphasic and the majority of it is from CSS

Recommendation

The goal of the study was to know how sleep pattern affects the academic performance of Grade 11

students at Cavite National High School – Senior High School. The sleep pattern change as time

passes factors affecting it, therefore to the future researchers who will do more research about the

relationship between sleep patterns and academic performance.

Based on one study about sleeping, having poor sleep has a negative impact on academic

performance. For those future researchers who are interested in the relationship between sleep patterns

and academic performance it is suggested to:

1. More citation about sleep pattern and academic performance.

2. Use a bigger population to increase its accuracy.

3. Use different grade level to also define the effect of their sleep pattern to their academic

performance.

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REFERENCES

Alice Park, (2009). Larks and Owls: How Sleep Habits Affect Grades Retrieved from

http://content.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1903838,00.html

Kirschtein, R. (2018). Sleep Deprivation and Deficiency. Retrieved from

https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/sleep-deprivation-and

deficiency?fbclid=IwAR2bdPfK5qT8au7uX2k7SdsWWfHFMd23DM7TOFhII0uihggID555E54 UwE

Michael Breus, (2018). 6 Reasons You Wake Up Tired After A Full Night Of Sleep Retrieved

from https://thesleepdoctor.com/2018/07/29/6-reasons-you-wake-up-tired-after-a-full- night-of-

sleep/

Natural Sleep Foundation, (ND). Teens and Sleep. Retrieved from

https://www.sleepfoundation.org/articles/teens-and-

sleep?fbclid=IwAR13stLnTG4gIF7FMUGLcJu9ba8GIlaTcpmwS4ckiZEbQZuV0vHmaunZy90

Paul Jordan, (2019) The Different Types of Sleep Patterns – Polyphasic, Biphasic &

Monophasic. Retrieved from https://sleephabits.net/sleep-patterns

Paul Jordan, (2019). The Stages of Sleep: NREM Sleep and REM Sleep Retrieved from

https://sleephabits.net/stages-of-sleep

Scientific American Mind. (2018). Sleep, Learning, and Memory Healthy Sleep. Retrieved from

http://healthysleep.med.harvard.edu/healthy/matters/benefits-of-sleep/learning-memory

Wilson. (2016). The Science of Sleep: Why You Need 7 to 8 Hours a Night. Retrieved from

https://www.healthline .com/health/science-sleep-why-you-need-7-8-hours-night

Unknown (2013). Sleep can reduce stress level. Retrieved from

https://www.lawsociety.org.nz/lawtalk/lawtalk-archives/issue-813/sleep-can-reduce-stress-levels

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 Appendix A

Survey Questionnaire

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 Appendix B

Survey Questionnaire Answered by the Respondents

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Excuse Letter

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Respondents Answering the Survey Questionnaire

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 Appendix E

Curriculum Vitae

Timothy Paul A. Guinto

Science Teacher
Cavite National High School

Educational Background
Cavite State University Main Campus 2010
Master of Arts in Education Major in Biology (3 units)

Katherine A. Taboso
English Teacher
Cavite National High School
Educational Background
Cavite State University Cavite City
Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in English
Philippine Normal University-National Center for teacher Education
Master of Arts Education with Specialization in English Language Education

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