TP Terminological Practicum For IT Students

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
INTERNATIONAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY JSC
DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGES
V. Yermakova
B. Jolamanova
M. Vasquez
TERMINOLOGICAL PRACTICUM
FOR IT STUDENTS
Approved
by Academic-Methodological Council
of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Almaty
2017
УДК
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Reviewers:
Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor, Rector of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of
International Relations and World Languages Kunanbayeva S.S.
Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor of Kazakh British Technical University Zagidullin R.Z.
Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor of IITU Issayev M.K.
Candidate of Economical Sciences, Professor of IITU Berdylulova G.M.
Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor of IITU Zhanabayeva S.B.
Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor of IITU Niyazgulova A.A.
Approved by Academic-Methodological Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors:
V.A. Yermakova, Candidate of Philological Sciences, Assistant Professor
B.D. Jolamanova, Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor
M. Vasquez, Senior Lecturer, Master of Special Education
Terminological practicum for IT students/V.A. Yermakova, B.D. Jolamanova, M. Vasquez –

Almaty: IITU, 2017.
ISBN
The manual “Terminological Practicum for IT students” is meant to complement English for ICT
textbooks for the students of Pre-Intermediate - Upper Intermediate levels majoring in ICT.
It consists of two parts, each containing several thematically organized modules. Each module
comprises a 40-terms glossary, a set of language and speech activities, aimed at memorizing and
free use of the ICT terms, and a vocabulary test to check the knowledge. Well-structured and
independently organized modules make lesson planning easy and flexible.
The manual is supplemented with the keys for exercises and tests. Alphabetical index provides
quick search of terms.
УДК
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ISBN
©IITU, 2017
2
МИНИСТЕРСТВР ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАКИ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАЗАХСТАН
МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ
КАФЕДРА ЯЗЫКОВ
В.А. ЕРМАКОВА
Б.Д. ДЖОЛАМАНОВА
М. ВАСКЕС
ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ
ПРАКТИКУМ ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ
ИКТ СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТЕЙ
Одобрено
Республиканским учебно-методическим советом
3
Almaty
2017
УДК
ББК
Рецензенты:
Доктор педагогических наук, профессор, ректор КАЗУМОиМЯ Кунанбаева С.С.
Доктор филологических наук, профессор КБТУ Загидуллин Р.З.
Доктор филологических наук, профессор МУИТ Исаев М.К.
Кандидат технических наук, профессор МУИТ Айтмагамбетов А.З.
PhD, сениор-лектор МУИТ Хамитов А.Н.
MSc in International Business, ассистент профессор МУИТ Каржаубаева С.Э.
Одобрено Республиканским учебно-методическим советом
Авторы:
Ермакова В.А., кандидат филологических наук, ассистент-профессор
Джоламанова Б.Д., кандидат филологических наук, ассоциированный профессор
М. Васкес, магистр педагогики, сениор-лектор
Terminological practicum for IT students/В.А. Ермакова, Б.Д. Джоламанова,

M. Васкес. – Алматы: МУИТ, 2017.
ISBN
Данное пособие предназначено для студентов технических ВУЗов и колледжей, а
также ИКТ факультетов изучающих обязательную дисциплину «Профессиональный
английский язык». Тематически пособие охватывает широкий спектр информационно-
технических специальностей, таких как: Информационные системы, Вычислительная
техника и программное обеспечение, Математическое и компьютерное моделирование,
Радиотехника, электроника и телекоммуникации, Системы информационной безопасности и
Информатика.
Пособие нацелено на введение, расширение и закрепление терминологического
словаря обучающихся, развитие навыков использования английского языка как средства
профессионального общения и является существенным дополнением к основным учебникам
курса, поскольку содержит базовые, широко распространенные термины.
Пособие построено по тематическому принципу и состоит из двух блоков: общего
(содержащего общие ИКТ термины, необходимые каждому обучающемуся в работе с ПК и в
Интернете) и специального (предназначенного для отдельных технических специальностей,
перечисленных выше). Модуль является независимой единицей, что делает удобным и
гибким планирование программы обучения.
Каждый модуль состоит из глоссария, содержащего 40 наиболее частотных и
значимых терминов по указанным специальностям, и снабжен: серией из 15 упражнений
(7 языковых и 8 речевых) на закрепление и выведение в речь отобранных терминов,
контрольным тестом на проверку качества усвоения терминов, состоящим из 20 заданий
4
множественного выбора и ключами к тесту и упражнениям закрытого типа. Алфавитный
индексальный глоссарий обеспечивает легкий поиск терминов.
5
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GENERAL PART p.
Module 1. People in IT 5
Module 2. Devices and gadgets
Module 3. Texting
Module 4. Hardware
Module 5. Software
Module 6. Cyberspace
Module 7. Cyber crime
Module 8. Cyber security
Module 8. Trends in IT
SPECIFIC PART
Module 10. Data storage

Module 11. Networks
Module 12. Programming
Module 13. Radioelectronics
Module 14. Telecommunication
Module 15. Computer modeling
Module 16. Mathematics
KEYS
INDEX
6
GENERAL PART
Module 1. PEOPLE IN IT
№ Term Definition Usage

1 Administrator an individual who is work as/perform the functions
(n) responsible for the of/ take on the responsibilities
running of and day- of/earn one’s living as an ~;
to-day operation of a occupy/get promoted to/give
project, program, up/take up the position of an ~;
business, database/system ~;
organization, etc. administration (n), administer
(v), administrative (adj);
administratively;
syn. manager
2 Analyst (n) a person engaged in work as/perform the functions
detailed examination of/take on the responsibilities
of the computer of/earn one’s living as an ~;
systems and occupy/get promoted to/give
procedures and up/take up the position of an ~;
designing information security/support ~;
information system analysis (n), analyze (v),
solutions to help analytical (adj), analytically
them operate more (adv)
efficiently and
effectively
3 Architect (n) the one who designs work as/perform the functions
and builds computer of /take on the responsibilities
systems of/earn one’s living as an ~;
occupy/get promoted to/give
up/take up the position of an ~;
architecture (n): personal
computer /modern
computer/client-server/64-bit
computer ~; architectural (adj):
~ design
4 Back (adj) the side or part of the ~-end programmer/developer;
work that is not ~ -office employee;
normally seen by the ant. front-end; front-office
customer
7
5 Blogger an individual or a a popular/famous/notorious ~;
small group regularly blog (v); blog (n): make a post
updating its weblog on/keep/block a ~; blogging (n)
(blog for short) run
in an informal or
conversational style
6 Botmaster (n) an individual who act as/perform the functions
maintains a bot and of/take on the responsibilities of
is responsible for a~
keeping it online,
fixing errors,
ensuring compliance
with the rules of the
channel or server it's
logged into
7 Cryptographer the one engaged in work as/ take on the
(n) protecting sensitive responsibilities of/earn one’s
data and making it living as a ~; occupy/give up
unreadable for /take up the position of a ~;
anyone not meant to decrypt (v), encrypt (v),
see the data cryptography (n), cryptographic
(adj)
8 Consumer (n) a person who uses ~
goods and services demand/culture/spending/goods
/protection/products/durables/el
ectronics/market/boom;
protect/benefit the ~; consume
(v), consumerism (n) syn. end-
user
9 Customer (n) a person who buys ~ service/support; customize
goods or services (v), customized (adj),
from a shop or a customization (n)
business syn. client, clientele
10 Designer (n) the one who is a graphic ~; design (n): make ~
responsible for decisions, computer-
creating solutions aided/creative/ standard ~;
that have a high designed (adj): a specially ~
visual impact feature
11 Developer (n) the one who creates a program/application/web/back-
computer program end/front-end ~; develop (v),
and brings it into development (n),
existence developmental (adj)
12 Engineer (n) a person who computer software/hardware ~;
designs, builds, or engineering (n):
8
maintains engines, software/hardware/power ~
machines, or
structures
13 Expert (n) a person who is very security ~ ; an ~ in sth; expert
knowledgeable about (adj): be ~ at sth; ~ evaluation
or skillful in a of sth;
particular area expertise (n): technical ~; a
field of ~;
syn. proficiency
14 Follower (n) on social media sites, have ~s; become sb’s ~;
someone who follow (v), following (adj)
subscribes to and
receives sb’s updates
15 Geek (n) a knowledgeable and alpha/ugly~; geek (v), geekish
obsessive enthusiast; (adj);
an individual who syn. addict
frequently uses the Cf. a nerd
computer in his or
her free time rather
than participates in
any other activities
16 Freelancer (n) a self-employed earn one’s living as a ~;
person hired to work freelance (n): a ~ programmer,
for different try one’s hand in ~
companies on
particular
assignments
17 Lamer (n) (slang) a stupid, feel like/be a ~; a bunch of ~s
inept, or dull person,
who does not
understand what he
or she is doing
18 Layman (n) a person without a ~ in sth; an
professional or interested/intelligent ~;
specialized syn. amateur; ant. professional
knowledge in a
particular subject
19 Lurker (n) a person who reads be/act as a ~; lurk (v): ~ in a
the postings in an chatroom/on listservs
Internet forum
without actively
contributing to it
20 Manager (n) a person responsible a network/product/program ~;
for controlling or (mis)manage (v),
9
administering sth (mis)management (n),
managerial (adj)
21 Master (n) a person who has Web/bot~ ; gamemaster
complete control of (gamester) (); ~ of the situation;
sth ant. slave
22 Moderator (n) a person who act as/perform the functions
governs, drives, of/take on the responsibilities of
mediates an Internet a ~;
forum or an online (im)moderate (adj); moderation
discussion (n); (im)moderately (adv)
23 Nerd (n) an individual who is a computer ~;
obsessed with nerdy (adj), nerdish (adj),
science, math, or nerdishness (n)
technology, syn. geek, devotee
commonly
possessing little or
no social skills
24 Netizen (n) a user of the Internet, privacy-conscious ~s; the new
especially a habitual generation of ~s; netizenry (n);
or keen one netizenship (n);
Cf. citizen
25 Newbie (n) an inexperienced netizen ~s; a ~ on the computer;
newcomer to a a ~ to Linux
particular activity syn. novice
26 Programmer (n) the ones who write applications/systems/Java/exper
codes to create ienced ~; program (v), program
software programs (n), (re)programmable (adj);
by turning the (re)programming (n)
program designs
made by software
developers and
engineers into
instructions that a
computer can follow
27 Provider (n) a company that a leading/major ~; provide (v):
(ISP) provides ~ sb with sth; ~ for sth;
Internet access to provision (n); provided that…
users or subscribers (conj);
of its service syn. supplier
28 Operator (n) the person machine/equipment ~;
responsible for the operation (n): be (put) in ~;
secure and efficient operate
work of computer (v): ~ upon sb; operational
hardware systems (adj): ~ expenses; be fully ~
10
29 Repairer (n) the one who restores work as/use the services of a ~;
sth damaged or repair (n): be in a state of ~;
faulty to a normal need ~; ~ damage; be beyond
working condition ~;
syn. fix (up), mend
30 Savvy (adj) shrewd and a computer-~ person; a ~
knowledgeable about player;
sth syn. intelligent, canny
31 Scientist (n) one inventing and computer/information research
designing new ~; science (n); scientific (adj): ~
approaches to the study/knowledge/community;
computing scientifically (adv);
technology and syn. researcher, theorist
finding innovative
uses for the existing
technology
32 Specialist (n) a person highly computer support/network
skilled in a specific support/multimedia/security ~;
and restricted field specialize (v): ~ in sth,
specialty (n), special (adj),
specially (adv)
33 Subscriber (n) the one who has ~ to a magazine/service; a new
arranged for access ~; subscribe (v): ~ to sth online;
to an electronic subscription (n;
mailing list or an ant. unsubscribe
online service
34 Surfer (n) the one who moves Internet ~;
from site to site on surfing (n), surf (v)
the Internet
35 Technician (n) a person employed to a
look after technical software/laboratory/CISCO/skil
equipment, an expert led ~; technique (n), technology
in the practical (n), technical (adj);
application of Cf. techie
science
36 Telecommuter the one working for a telecommute (v);
(n) company from home, telecommuting (n): allow
making use of the for/promote ~
Internet, email, and
the telephone
37 Troubleshooter the one analyzing helpdesk ~;
(n) and solving serious troubleshooting (v): have a
problems for a proven track record in ~;
company or other preventive maintenance and ~
11
organization, or
tracing and
correcting faults in
an electronic system
38 User (n) a person who applies end/power/default ~;
or operates sth, a ~
client, customer, manual/account/base/ID/profile
consumer /policy; useful (adj), usable
(adj), usability (n), user-
friendly (adj): ~-
interface/device/gadget; user-
friendliness (n)
39 Vendor (n) a person or company a street ~;
that provides a vend (v), vending (adj): ~
service or a product machine,
and offers it for sale, vendible (adj);
especially in the syn. seller
street
40 Wizard (n) a person who is very a computer/financial ~;
skilled in a particular syn. genius, master, expert
field or activity
1. Computer and information technology occupations. US Bureau of Labour

Statistics. [Online]. Available: http://www.bls.gov/ooh/computer-and-information-
technology/home.htm [Accessed: 13 Sept. 2015]
2. Browse job profiles. Graduate prospects. [Online]. Available:
http://www.prospects.ac.uk/types_of_jobs_information_technology.htm [Accessed:
21 Sept. 2015]
3. Computer dictionary. Computer Hope. [Online]. Available:
http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/jd.htm [Accessed: 26 Sept. 2015]
4. Oxford dictionaries. Oxford University press. [Online]. Available:
http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english [Accessed: 26 Sept. 2015]
ACTIVITIES
Activity 1. Give synonyms:
1. geek
2. administrator
3. layman
4. end-user
5. client
6. wizard
12
7. provider
Activity 2. Give antonyms:
1. backend
2. encrypt
3. layman
4. newbie
5. master
6. vendor
7. client
Activity 3. Word family. Fill in the missing words of the same root where possible:
Noun Verb Adjective Adverb

operate
special
program
developmentally
consume
analyst
Activity 4. Complete the tables with words that form strong partnerships with the
target vocabulary units:
Verb Target vocabulary unit
administrator
Adj/N Target vocabulary unit
user
13
programmer
manager
Activity 5. Match the given terms with their definitions:
1. cryptographer A. an individual who is responsible for the running of and

the day-to-day operation of a project, program, a business,
organization
2. moderator B. the one who decides upon the look and functioning of
program and is responsible for creating solutions that have
a high visual impact
3. administrator C. the one engaged in protecting sensitive data and making
it unreadable for anyone not meant to see the data
4. telecommuter D. a person who drives or mediates an Internet forum or
online discussion
5. designer E. the one working for a company from home, making use
of the Internet, email, and the telephone
6. vendor F. the one tracing and correcting faults in an electronic
system or analyzing and solving serious problems for a
company or other organization
7. troubleshooter G. a person or company that provides a service or a product
and offers it for sale, especially in the street
Activity 6. Insert prepositions:
1. He is a newbie __ the computer.

2. Who will take __ the manager responsibilities?
3. He is an expert __ programming.
4. You can’t fix the scanner. It is __ repair.
5. Have you subscribed __ this magazine?
6. He has a proven track-record __ troubleshooting.
7. I took __ the position of an administrator.
Activity 7. State the type of logical relations between the following words:
Concepts Type of logical relations

14
1. expert - newbie A. general and specific
2. digital technologies – telecommuting B. cause and effect
3. developer – designer C. contrast
4. architect – designer D. method and purpose
5. Internet forum – moderator E. part and whole
6. bug – debugging
F. equivalence
7. wizard – lamer
Activity 8. Decode John Pfeiffer’s saying about computers and people and
comment on it:
http://puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/cryptogramSetupForm.asp
Activity 9. Explain the difference between the following concepts using the Venn
diagram below:
1. front end - back end

programmer
2. consumer-customer
3. nerd – geek
4. lurker – follower
5. lamer – newbie
6. freelancer – full-time
employee
7. netizen – citizen
15
Activity 10. Divide the above listed IT professions into 2 groups of “white-collar”
and “blue-collar” jobs.
Activity 11. Relate the following professions to the respective stages of

programming and arrange them chronologically:
Troubleshooter
Operator
Designer
Analyst
Cryptographer
Developer
Activity 12. Name 5 back-end jobs directly related to programming. Give their brief
description.
Activity 13. Name 5 front-end office jobs directly related to programming. Give
their brief description.
Activity 14. Identify 5 computer problems and say who you would ask for help (e.g.
if you need a non-existent application, if your computer is out of order, if you want
to buy a computer, etc.)
Activity 15. Describe your personal experience of working as a…or the computer-
related job, which you would like to do.
TEST
1 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “master - slave”:
16
a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) contrast d) part and whole
2 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “geek – alpha geek”:
3 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “subscriber -
follower”: a) equivalence b) cause and effect c) contrast d) part and whole
4 Mark the odd word: a) fix b) mend c) repair d) restore
5 Which of these is a person who governs or mediates an Internet forum or
online discussion: a) gamester b) botmaster c) moderator d) administrator
6 Which of these maintains an autonomous program on a network:
a) gamester b) botmaster c) moderator d) administrator
7 Which of these is a computer-savvy person:
a) layman b) lamer c) wizard d) newbie
8 Which of these has the most theoretical field of expertise:
a) expert b) specialist c) analyst d) scientist
9 You can subscribe ___ the listserv for £3 per annum and receive advance
notice of all events. a) for b) in c) to d) on
10 He is an expert __ project development. a) for b) in c) at d) on
11 Some people just lurk ___ listservs without participating.
a) for b) in c) at d) on
12 A developer is the one who
a) creates a computer program and brings it into existence
b) is responsible for creating solutions that have a high visual impact
c) who writes codes to create software programs
d) designs, builds, or maintains engines, machines, or structures
13 A programmer is the one who
a) creates a computer program and brings it into existence
b) is responsible for creating solutions that have a high visual impact
c) who writes codes to create software programs
d) designs, builds, or maintains engines, machines, or structures
14 Mark the odd word: a) provider b) customer c) client d) consumer
15 A person who uses goods and services is called a(n)___ .
a) consumer b) customer c) client d) vendor
16 A person or company that offers a service or a product for sale, especially in
the street is called a(n)___. a) consumer b) customer c) client d) vendor
17 A repairer is a person
a) employed to look after technical equipment, an expert in the practical
application of a science
b) responsible for the secure and efficient work of computer hardware
systems
c) who restores sth damaged or faulty to a normal working condition
d) tracing and correcting faults in an electronic system or analyzing and
solving serious problems for a company or other organization
18 An operator is a person ___ .
a) employed to look after technical equipment, an expert in the practical
17
application of a science
b) responsible for the secure and efficient work of computer hardware
systems
c) who restores sth damaged or faulty to a normal working condition
d) tracing and correcting faults in an electronic system or analyzing and
solving serious problems for a company or other organization
19 The difference between a nerd and a geek concerns mostly ___ .
a) stylistic coloring b) field of operation c) gender d) attitude to occupation
20 “Процесс поиска неисправностей, диагностики и устранения
неполадок” is best translated as: a) repairing b) mending c) troubleshooting
d) fixing
18
Module 2. TEXTING

1 Align (v) line up type and other ~ left/right/center; ~ sth with
graphic elements using sth; left ~ a paragraph;
a horizontal or vertical alignment (n), aligned (adj);
line as the reference syn. justify
point ant. non-alignment
2 Bold (adj) confident and printed in ~ type; bolding
courageous; using (n): preserve ~; debold (v),
dark, heavy strokes in unbold (v);
typing, especially for syn. conspicuous, distinct
emphasis
3 Bullet (n) a heavy dot itemizing insert/use a ~ point/symbol;
particular sections of bulleted (adj): a ~ list
text or introducing Cf. a numbered list
each item in a list, for
emphasis
4 Case (n) the parameter upper/lower ~; change ~;
indicating the letter ~-sensitive (adj);
size to distinguish Cf: caps, caps lock
capital letters as
opposed to small
letters
5 Clipboard (n) a software facility used send/copy from (to) the ~;
for short-term data the Windows ~; a ~
storage and/or data copy/toolbar/ operation
transfer between
documents or
applications, via copy
and paste operations
6 Close (v) move so as to cover an ~a
opening; make a file folder/program/application/
inaccessible after use, file; (dis)closure (n), disclose
so that it is securely (v);
stored until required ant. open
again
7 Compile (v) collect information in ~ (a)
order to produce a list, data/database/list/report/
a report, etc. book/program/statistics/profi
le/
CV/portfolio;
compiler (n), compilation
19
(n);
syn. assemble, put together
8 Copy (v) reproduce data (stored ~ a file/text/diagram; copy
in one location) in (n): a(n)
another location soft/hard/free/enclosed/
certified/master/backup ~; a
photocopy (n);
syn. duplicate
ant. original
9 Correct (v) free from error; put ~ a(n) mistake/error/fault;
sth (an error or fault) correction (n): ~ fluid;
right; bring sth in (in)correct (adj),
accordance with fact (in)correctly (adv), corrector
or truth (n), corrective (adj): a ~
step/action/instruction;
correctional (adj):
institution/staff/supervisor
syn. remedial
10 Delete (v) remove data from a ~ a word/file/folder/phrase/
computer memory memory; a ~ key; deletion
(n), (un)deletable (adj);
syn. erase
ant. undelete
11 Edit (v) revise or correct some ~ a text/file/webpage/article/
written material to paper; editor (n), (un)edited
make it publishable (adj): ~ content/text; edition
(n), (un)editable (adj);
editorial (n, adj): ~ board;
syn. correct, proofread
12 Enter (v) write or key ~
(information) in a book, transactions/data/information
computer, etc. into the
computer/register/logbook;
the ~ key; entry (n): data ~,
make/post an ~; entrance (n)
13 File (n) a folder or a box for save a ~ to a disc;
holding loose papers delete/open/
together and in order; select/share/upload/zip/down
collection of related load a ~; a fact~; ~
data stored in a extension; rank-and-file;
computer memory or file (v): ~ a(n)
on a storage device document/application/compl
under a single aint; filing (adj): a ~ system;
identifying name syn. document
20
14 Folder (n) a file which consists save sth in/add sth
solely of a set of other to/open/delete/ create a ~; a
related files or junk mail/new ~; (un)fold
documents (v), (un)folded (adj);
syn. directory
15 Font (n) a complete set of choose/use/select a ~; a
characters having a variety of ~s; the required ~;
specific look, size and syn. typeface
style
16 Format (n) a definite structure for ~ (a) disc/data/text;
the processing, storage, apply/copy/paste/delete a ~;
or display of data the
binary/file/HTML/JPEG/A4
~; the ~ requirements;
(re)format (v), (re)formatted
(adj)
17 Forward (v) send on to a further ~ a letter/document/message
destination to sb; a ~ slash; forwarded
(adj): ~ to/from address;
forwarding (adj): a ~
address;
syn. redirect
18 Highlight (v) make sth visually ~ an issue; highlight (n): ~ of
prominent, draw special the season/year; highlighter
attention to sth by (n); highlighted (adj): ~ in
changing color green
19 Image (n) a visible impression blurred/focused ~; ~-
obtained by a camera, processing
telescope, microscope, techniques/algorithms;
or other device, or imagine (v), imagery,
displayed on a imagination (n),
computer or video (un)imaginable (adj)
screen
20 Import (v) transfer (data) into a ~ data/a file from (to) a disc;
file or document ant. export
21 Indent (v) start (a line of text) or ~ the first line; indentation
position (a block of (n), indented (adj): ~ two
text) further from the spaces from…
margin than the main ant. unindented
part of the text
22 Insert (v) include a symbol, ~a
image, word, text in a word/letter/graphic/sound/
piece of writing text; insertion (n);
syn. incorporate
21
23 Italic(s) (n) the sloping (inclined) ~ type/typeface;
kind of typeface used remove/preserve /be given
especially for emphasis in/restore ~s; (de)italicize
or distinction (v);
syn. Cursive
24 Layout (n) the way in which a text a(n)
or pictures are set out physical/randomized/visual/
or arranged on a page interactive data/basic/
or in a work (un)cluttered/(un)inviting ~;
do the ~
25 Margin (n) the blank border on write/scribble sth in the ~; a
each side of the print on wide/narrow ~; win by a
a page wide/narrow ~; within the ~
of error; marginal (adj);
marginally (adv);
marginalize (v)
26 Move (v) change the place, ~ sth to …; remove (v),
position of sth move (n): a career ~;
unmovable (adj); movement
(n), immovable (adj);
syn. shift
27 Option (n) a thing that is or may be choose/change/select an ~;
chosen default/print ~; opt (v): ~ for
sth; optional (adj), optionally
(adv)
syn. alternative, choice
28 Paste (v) insert a piece of text or ~ a word/paragraph/symbol
other data copied from into (from) a
elsewhere (the contents document/file/section;
of the clipboard) at the copy/cut-~ operations;
cursor point syn. glue
29 Pending (v) remaining undecided or a ~
unsettled, waiting report/file/action/proceedings/
decision or settlement; patent;
while in the process of, syn. awaiting decision,
during incomplete
30 Proofread (v) read written or printed need/do ~ing; ~ for accuracy
material for marking
and correcting any
errors
31 Save (v) keep safe or rescue sb ~ time/money/a file/a text/a
or sth from harm or folder; ~ on to a server/disc/the
danger; keep data by hard drive/memory stick
moving a copy to a
22
storage location
32 Select (v) use a mouse or ~ a word/text/passage/file/opti
keystrokes to mark sth on; deselect (v), selection (n),
on a computer screen selective (adj), selectively
for a particular (adv);
operation syn. choose
33 Space (n) a blank between double/single/back/blank ~; ~
printed, typed, or bar; leave ~ for sth; spacing
written words, (n)
characters, numbers,
etc.
34 Spreadsheet (n) an electronic document fill in/leave sth blank
in which data is in/create/ enter sth in(to)/print
arranged in the rows out/copy/paste/use/delete a ~;
and columns of a grid spreadsheeting (n)
and can be manipulated
and used in calculations
35 Stroke (n) an act of hitting or at a ~; a ~ of luck, a key~;
striking sb or sth strike (v), striking
(a key) or moving one’s
hand across a surface
with gentle pressure
36 Textese (n) the language of use/master ~; ~
abbreviations and slang symbols/abbreviations
commonly used in
digital text messaging
37 Underscore (v) (on a computer or the ~ character/symbol;
typewriter keyboard) a syn. underline
short horizontal line on
the baseline ( _ )
38 Template (n) a preset format for a download/upload/copy/look
document or file, used for a ~;
so that it does not have syn. model, blueprint, sample
to be recreated each
time it is used
39 Type (v) write letters and ~ a text/word; retype (v);
symbols on a typewriter typeface (n); typo (n); typist
or computer to input a (n)
text by pressing the Cf. word-processing
keys
40 View (v) look at or inspect; to come into/obstruct/hold the ~;
have a particular a sober/different ~; from sb’s
attitude or opinion point of ~; with a ~ to sth; on
~; viewer (n), viewable (adj),
23
viewpoint (n)
1. Oxford Dictionaries, Oxford University Press. [Online]. Available:

http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english [Accessed: 20 Oct. 2015]
2. Flax collocations. University of Waikato. [Online]. Available:
http://flax.nzdl.org/greenstone3/flax?
c=590readings&a=g&rt=r&sa=FlaxCollocationRetrieve&s=FlaxCollocationBrow
se&s1.query=image [Accessed: 20 Oct. 2015]
3. Texting slang, Your dictionary. [Online]. Available:
http://grammar.yourdictionary.com/slang/texting-slang.html [Accessed: 21 Oct.
2015]
ACTIVITIES
1. justify
2. alternative
3. cursive
4. conspicuous
5. delete
6. folder
7. paste
1. bold
2. select
3. movable
4. italicize
5. movable
6. correct
7. upper case

align
deletion
immovably
option
strike
24
marginal
un/imaginable
in/correctly
Activity 4. Make up phrases by matching the words in the left column with those in
the right:
1. correct A. left/right/center
2. enter B. database/a list/a report/a book/a program/a profile/a CV/a
portfolio
3. align C. a(n) mistake/error/fault
4. paste D. transactions/data/information into the computer
5. compile E. a word/paragraph/symbol into a document/file/section
6. pending F. a word/text/passage/file/option
7. select G. (a/n) report/file/action/proceedings/patent
1. clipboard A. a heavy dot itemizing particular sections of text or

introducing each item in a list
2. pending B. a software facility used for short-term data storage and/or
data transfer
3. template C. a definite structure for the processing, storage, or display
of data
4. margin D. remaining undecided or unsettled, waiting decision or
settlement
5. bullet E. a preset format for a document or file, used so that the
format does not have to be recreated each time it is used
6. forward F. the blank border on each side of the print on a page
7. format G. send on to a further destination
1. My notes are highlighted __ green.

2. I have saved the file __ a disc/___ a server.
3. Their party won the elections __ a wide margin.
4. The newly independent countries opted ___ the market economy.
5. You should proofread the translation ___ accuracy.
6. We met them halfway with a view ___ continued cooperation.
7. The truly market mechanisms are not yet ___ place.
Activity 7. State the type of logical relations between the following concepts:
25
1. write – scribble A. general and specific
2. template – model B. cause and effect
3. error – typo C. contrast
4. page – margin D. method and purpose
5. copy – original E. part and whole
6. folder – file
F. equivalence
7. bold type - emphasis
Activity 8. Decode Sherry Turkle’s saying about texting and comment on it:
diagram below:
proofread – edit
entry – entrance
type - typeface – font
strike – stroke
file-folder
layout – format – template
italic-italics
26
Activity 10. Explain the meaning and use of the prefixes “de-“, “im”, “un-“, “in-“,
“re-“ and give not less than 3 examples of each.
Activity 11. Say what the following is used for:
1. template
2. font
3. clipboard
4. folder
5. bullet
6. underscore
7. image
Activity 12. Name 3-5 things/operations you can do for the given purpose; say how
you can do them:
1. To emphasize a word in a text
2. To eliminate mistakes in a text
3. To digitize a text
4. To make your text look better
Activity 13. Name the texting operations most problematic for you/rarely use by
you. Explain why. Think of some new texting operations that may be introduced
and explain why we need them.
Activity 14. Semantic mapping: draw a flow chart reflecting the process of texting.
27
Activity 15. Write an essay on how word-processing has changed our life.
TEST
1 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “emphasis – bold

type”: a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and
purpose d) part and whole
2 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “write-scribble”:
a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and purpose
d) part and whole
3 Which of these is the most specific:
a) error b) mistake c) typo d) blunder
4 A preset format for a document or file, used so that the format does not
have to be recreated each time it is used is known as ___ .
a) model b) template d) format d) module
5 Many buyers tend to opt ___ a more practical design.
a) on b) for c) at d) out
6 A software facility used for short-term data storage and/or data transfer
between documents or applications, via copy and paste operations is
called a/n ___.
a) clipboard b) clip c) board d) clip board
7 Please save the file ___ a disc. a) on b) in c) to d) from
8 A particular design of type in printing is known as ___.
a) type b) typeface c) face d) typo
9 The language of abbreviations and slang commonly used in digital text
messaging is called ____.
a) officialese b) textese c) journalese d) Vietnamese
10 Mark the odd word: a) correct b) edit c) proofread d) read
11 All of these are used for emphasis EXCEPT FOR:
a) align b) bold c) italics d) highlight
12 All of these are text formatting operations EXCEPT FOR: a) indenting
b) proofreading c) aligning d) listing
13 Mark the odd word: a) cursive b) italics c) bold d) highlight
14 When a large number of copies of the same document or form are
required, they can be duplicated or photocopied from a ___ copy.
a) backup b) master c) duplicate d) photo
15 Small typefaces make the text ___ and difficult to read.
a) blurred b) focused c) indented d) distinct
16 Before submitting your paper, ___ and correct it if necessary.
a) read b) reread c) proofread d) check
17 ____ “Esc” to make the message line disappear.
a) Entry b) Enter c) Entrance d) Entree
18 The computer is also programmed automatically to store the actual date
of data ___, without displaying this information.
28
a) entry b) enter c) entrance d) entree
19 The Conservatives won the elections in October ___ a very narrow
margin. a) with b) by c) on d) in
20 Caps Lock will only type letters in the ___ case.
a) lower b) upper c) higher d) low
29
Module 3. DEVICES AND GADGETS
1 Assist (v) help sb typically by ~ sb at/in/with sth; assistant
doing a share of the (n), assistance (n); assistive
work, providing money (adj): ~ technology;
or information syn. help, aid, give sb a hand
ant. hinder sth, prevent sb
from doing sth
2 Barcode (n) a set of printed lines on a the ~ reader/system/generator/
product’s label that tells a program/ verifier;
computer information read/type/identify/print/
about it, such as its price encode/scale the ~;
barcode (v): ~ (a/n)
product/item/goods
3 Braille (n) a system of printing and (the) ~
writing for the blind, in equipment/display/embosser/
which characters are system/writer/label/font/alpha
formed by patterns of bet/converter;
raised dots which are felt use/read/touch/create/
with the fingertips learn ~; written/labeled in ~;
brailled (v)
4 BYOD (abbr) the practice of allowing implement/introduce/follow ~;
Bring Your employees or students to the ~ policy/practice
Own Device bring their own
computing devices to
work, college, university
etc. for work/study
purposes
5 Camera (n) a device for recording ~
visual images in the form compartment/user/lens/rig/fil
of photographs, films, or m/ shot/track; a(n)
video signals optical/compact/ the CCTV ~;
(re)furbish/upgrade/recharge a
~; cameraman (n)
6 Charge (v) store electrical energy (in ~ a battery/gadget/device;
a battery or battery- keep the battery ~d; ~ sb with
operated device); sth; be in ~ of sth; impose/levy
formally accuse sb of sth, a ~ on sb; lay/bring a ~ against
especially of an offence sb; pay/increase/reduce the
under law; entrust sb ~s; free of ~; re/chargeable
with a duty or (adj): ~ battery; charger (n);
responsibility; demand syn. control, accusation, fee
(an amount) as a price for
a service rendered or
30
goods supplied
7 Connect (v) join together so as to ~ to a
provide access and device/wire/network/router/
communication printer/computer/gadget;
connection (n):
have/break/sever/establish/fin
d/make/see a ~;
(dis)connected, (adj);
(dis)connectedly (adv);
connective (adj); connectivity
(n)
syn. link
ant. disconnect, disconnection
8 Device (n) a mechanism or a piece ~ contention/driver/node; a(n)
of equipment designed to input/output/MIDI/warning/
serve a purpose or reading/locking/surveillance/
perform a function household/recording ~;
purchase/(dis)connect/upgrade
a ~;
syn. gizmo, gadget
9 Digital (adj) stored as numbers or ~ age/audio/camera/certificate/
electronic signals (about computer/divide/film/signatur
information) e/
detox; digit (n), digitize (v),
digitalize (v), digitizer (n),
digitally (adv);
syn. numeric
ant. analogue
10 Display (n) putting sth in a prominent plasma/panel/processor/case/s
place for it to be readily creen/unit/terminal ~;
seen; the visual a(n) eye-catching/clear/wide
representation of the ~; put on/go on ~;
output of an electronic displayer (n), display (v);
device syn. show
ant. conceal, hide
11 E- (prf) electronic, indicating the ~
involvement of the book/zine/pub/commerce/libra
Internet ry;
purchase/subscribe to a(n) ~
book/zine/publication
12 Fax (facsimile an output device capable send/get/receive sth by ~ ;
machine) (n) of fast and convenient ~ modem/software/card/mode/
transmission of call;
photocopied information fax (v): ~ a(n)
31
through a telephone line document/file/agreement
/memo
13 Flash memory a type of non-volatile a ~ card;
(n) memory which does not compact ~;
need a constant source of read/(re)format the ~
electricity for it to retain
the stored data
14 Gadget (n) a specialized mechanical use/invent/create/buy a ~; a ~
or electronic device, freak
usually small in size a(n) musical/electrical/modern
~; suffer from a ~ fatigue;
syn. gizmo, device
15 Gamepad (n) a handheld device used to a ~ button/cord; a USB ~;
control a computer game (dis)connect/play/operate/keep
or a video game a~
16 Google Glass a computer that is worn a ~ application/frame/pad/rim/
(n) like eyeglasses, which earpiece/lens/nose pad/end
has a tiny display within piece;
the field of vision, protect/upgrade/polish/wear a
responds to voice ~
commands and eye
movements, and has a
touchpad at the side
17 Input (n) information that is put ~ devices/data;
into a computer have/need/get/receive/provide/
process an ~; input (v);
ant. output
18 Headset (n) a device that holds an a high performance/cordless/
earphone and a wireless/radio/Bluetooth ~;
microphone in place on a wear/upgrade/replace/take
person's head off/put on the ~
19 Lens (n) a clear curved piece of magnetic/telescopic/cap/
glass or plastic that is colored/tinted/contact/optical/s
used in eyeglasses, pectacle/ camera ~;
cameras, telescopes, etc., reduce/change/wear/replace/ta
to make things look ke off the ~;lensed (adj);
clearer, smaller, or bigger Cf. glass
20 Monitor (n) a person who observes a color/CCTV/video/computer/s
process or activity to creen/high resolution ~; on
check that it is carried out a/the ~;
fairly or correctly, protect/replace the ~;
especially in an official monitor (v): ~ the
capacity; an output performance/progress//proced
device that displays text ure/ quality/situation;
32
and graphics monitored (adj); monitoring
(n), monitorial (adj);
syn. screen, control
21 MP3 (n) a means of compressing a ~ file/player/format/ringtone/
sound sequence to enable music; convert/download/trans
its digital storage and fer an ~ file
transmission
22 Netbook (n) a small, very light and ~ computer; high/low-end ~;
inexpensive laptop upgrade/replace/repair a ~
computer with limited
memory used primarily
for accessing the Internet
23 Output (n) the amount of sth an ~ data/file/form/screen/devi
produced by a person, ce; increase/decrease/provide
machine, or industry; some ~; a drop/fall/growth/rise
produced, delivered, or in ~;
supplied data steady/low/aggregate/gross/
overall/total ~; output (v);
ant. input
24 Optical (adj) relating to sight, ~ media/disk/zoom/scanner/st
especially in relation to orage/fiber/memory/cable/
the action of light drive/array/ lens; optics (n),
optically (adv), optician (n)
25 Pixel (n) one of the individual dots a ~
that make up a graphical bit/graphic/count/information/
image data/resolution/value; binary
~;
pack/modify ~s; pixilation (n),
pixilate (v), pixelated (adj): a
~ image
26 Plotter (n) an automated drawing a ~ font/display; a
tool that produces finely drum/flatbed/
scaled drawings by pen/chart/laser/electrostatic/
moving a pen and/or flat bed/color ~;
paper in response to upgrade/use/configure a ~
computer commands
27 Projector (n) a device used for overhead/film/slide/video ~;
displaying an image on a switch off (on)/operate a ~
screen, as from a
transparent slide or film
28 PTOYED (slang) an airline, cinema implement/break/follow the ~
(abbr) or theater announcement rule
Please Turn to make the passengers or
Off Your viewers turn off their
33
Electronic electronic devices and
Devices gadgets
29 Resolution (n) a firm decision to do or pass/vote on/adopt a ~;
not to do sth; a formal high/screen/spatial/color ~;
decision; the action modify/adjust/configure ~; a
of solving a successful/peaceful ~ of a
problem; density of problem; resolve (v): ~ a
pixels, measured by the problem; (un)resolved) (adj);
number of dots per inch (ir)resolute (adj): be ~ in one’s
determination to do sth;
(ir)resolutely (adv)
30 Retina display a device that works a ~ screen;
(n) without a screen by provide/include/adjust the ~
drawing pixels directly
on the user’s retina with a
focused beam of light
31 Sensor (n) a device that enables ~ data fusion/unit/device;
digital machines to infrared/analog/image/
monitor the physical electromagnetic ~; sense (v);
quantity of the analog sensory (adj); sensorily (adv);
world, such as syn. detector
temperature, humidity, or
pressure, to provide data
used in robotics,
environmental climate
control, and other
applications
32 Second-hand having had a previous a ~ device/gadget/accessory/b
(adj) owner; not new ook/clothing/goods/car/
computer/ knowledge;
syn. pre-owned
33 Smart (adj) having or showing quick ~ watch/phone/board/house/
wit and intelligence; (of a TV/ application/interface;
device) programmed so smartness (n), smartly (adv);
as to be capable of some syn. clever, intelligent
independent action ant. dumb, stupid, imbecile
34 Speakers (n) the part of a radio, CD high-quality/durable ~;
player, etc. which the upgrade/
sound comes out of (dis)connect/configure the ~
35 Swap (v) (coll.) give sth to sb in ~ gadgets/accessories/
exchange for sth else identity/deal/ideas;
syn. trade, exchange
36 Tablet (n) a small, flat computer ~ case/accessories/computer/P
that is controlled by C/ pen/phone;
34
touching the screen or by digitizer/graphic ~;
using a special pen upgrade/configure/furbish a ~;
Cf: I-pod, I-pad
37 Touch (v) come into or be in ~ pad/screen; multi ~; touch
physical contact with; (n): a ~ on/of sb’s
manipulate sth by hand/shoulder; manipulate sth
pressure and movement at the ~of the key;
of fingers on a screen (un)touchable (adj), touchy
(adj);
syn. stroke
38 Upgrade (v) improve a computer or ~ (a)
another machine by using computer/gadget/skills/policy/
the most recent system/package/standard/secur
developments so as to ity/ phone; upgrade (n):
make it more powerful or software/
effective price/network ~;
syn. improve
ant. downgrade
Cf. update, refurbish
39 Wearable a computer or other (a) ~ computer/device/clothes/
(adj) electronic device that is shades/gadget; wear (v),
small or light enough to (un)wearability (n);
be worn or carried on ant. unwearable
one’s body Cf. portable
40 Webcam (n) a device used for video a ~ leans/image/software; a
input wireless ~;
install/upgrade/replace a ~;
webcamming (n)
1. Technology dictionary, Technopedia. Available:

http://www.techopedia.com/definition [Accessed: 20 Oct. 2015]
2. Computer glossary, Techtarget dictionary and encyclopedia. [Online]. Available:
http://bnc.bl.uk/saraWeb.php?qy=best+practices&mysubmit=Go [Accessed: 24 Oct.
2015]
3. Online tech dictionary for IT professionals, IT Business Edge. [Online]. Available:
http://www.webopedia.com/ [Accessed: 22 Oct. 2015]
ACTIVITIES

1. upgrade
2. sensor
35
3. display
3. monitor
4. connect
5. swap
6. gadget
7. smart
1. conceal
2. wearable
3. input
4. clever
5. downgrade
6. assist
7. upgrade

optician, optics
digitized
wear
(dis)connectedly
monitor
assistance/ant
(un)resolved
(ir)resolute
Target vocabulary unit Noun
digital

second-hand
36
tablet
speakers
1. upgrade A. a device that holds an earphone and a microphone in

place on a person's head
2. headset B. one of the individual dots that make up a graphical
image
3. tablet C. improve computer or other machine by using the
most recent developments to make it more powerful or
effective
4. resolution D. stored as numbers or electronic signals
5. digital E. a small, flat computer that is controlled by touching
the screen or by using a special pen
6. pixel F. owned or used by someone else before you
7. second- G. density of pixels, measured by the number of dots
hand per inch

1. Today, our lives are filled ___ all manner of gadgets, gizmos and convenience
goods.
2. The company has no plans to move ___ the growing market of digital applications.
3. A new service enables you to purchase/reserve your tickets ___ Facsimile.
4. In the United States, there is a discernable preference ___ products with the
technological appeal of a ‘gadget’.
5. He was charged ___ murder.
6. Who is __ charge ___ the department?
7. I have not subscribed ___ this magazine.
37
1. input – output A. general and specific
2. MP3 – compression B. cause and effect
3. label - barcode C. contrast
4. gadget overuse – gadget fatigue D. equivalence
5. smart - intelligent E. part and whole
6. computer – netbook F. method and purpose
7. alphabet – the Braille system
Activity 8. Decode Steve Jobs’ saying about computer device and comment on it:
http://puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/code/BuildCryptogram.asp
diagram below:
1. compact disk– blue ray

2. device – gadget
3. library – archive
4. restore – recover
5. overwrite – format
6. netbook – laptop
7. resolution – pixel
38
Activity 10. Say what the following is used for. Give examples:
1. barcode
2. Braille
3. facsimile
machine
4. flash memory
5. headset
6. MP3
7. Webcam
Activity 11. Say when and why the following is done:
1. digitization
2. faxing
3. flash memory
4. charging
5. swapping
6. optimization
7. upgrading
Activity 12. Say what can be… and how:
1. archived
2. backed up
3. compressed
39
4. formatted
5. recovered
6. retrieved
7. upgraded
Activity 13. Write a short report about the latest gadget, device or appliance.
Activity 14. Create a survey of students’ favorite devices/gadgets. Make a graph

illustrating the results.
Activity 15. Discuss: Today young people are very eager to get the latest models of
different gadgets. What do you think their reasons are? What are the
dis/advantages of getting ahead with the most up-to-date technology?
TEST
What is the logical relationship between the concepts “gadget –
1 smartphone”: a) cause and effect b) general and specific c) method and
One of the individual dots that make up a graphical image is known as (a)
2
___. a) resolution b) retina display c) brightness d) pixel
A device used for displaying an image on a screen, as from a transparent
3 slide or film is known as a ___. a) hologram b) projector c) webcam d)
monitor
All of these mean “a mechanism or a piece of equipment designed to
4 perform a number of functions” EXCEPT FOR: a) charger b) gizmo c)
device d) gadget
All of these are output devices EXCEPT FOR:
5
a) speaker b) headset c) microphone d) Braille embosser
All of these gadgets have rear cameras EXCEPT FOR:
6
a) MP3, b) smartphone c) I-pad d) tablet
All of these collocate with the adjective “digital” EXCEPT FOR:
7
a) divide b) time c) age d) certificate
All of these collocate with the adjective “optical” EXCEPT FOR:
8
a) cable b) media c) disk d) pixel
What is the logical relationship between the concepts “show – conceal”:
9 a) cause and effect b) general and specific c) contrast d) method and
purpose
What is the logical relationship between the concepts “webcam – input”:
10 a) cause and effect b) general and specific c) contrast d) method and
purpose
Cartographic data consist of ___ maps, that is, maps converted to
11 numerical form.
a) digital b) digit c) digitized d) digitally
40
Once again, many thanks for your ____ in this matter.
12
a) assistant b) assistance c) assistive d) assist
All of these are wearable devices EXCEPT FOR: a) camera b) Google
13
glasses c) digital helmet d) Braille embosser
A person who is obsessed with his electronic gadgets is called a gadget
14 ____.
a) freak b) monitor c) gizmo d) fatigue
The part of a radio, CD player, etc. which the sound comes out of is
15
known as a ___. a) speaker b) headset c) lens d) video card
Hackers can manipulate bank accounts ___ a keystroke.
16
a) with b) at c) in d) by
The bank imposed a penalty ___ the manager for data diddling.
17
a) on b) for c) to d) with
18 Mark the odd word: a) upgrade b) improve c) optimize d) promote
To get regular updates one has to subscribe ___ this publication.
19
a) to b) for c) – d) in
My visually impaired junior assistant helped the group get started on the
20
____ alphabet. a) Braille b) Brailled c) Brailling d) Brailles
41
Module 4. HARDWARE

1 Battery (n) a hardware ~ case/life/level/capacity/pack;
component that portable/external ~ pack; be
supplies power to a powered by/run on/use/put/work
device, enabling it to on ~;
work without a power syn. power unit, power supply
cord
2 Board (n) a piece of fiberglass memory/mother/system/circuit ~;
or other material replace/dust/upgrade the ~;
upon which an array boardable (adj), board-like (adj),
of computer chips is board (v)
mounted
3 Break (v) disconnect or ~ the circuit/silence/a habit/a
interrupt; stop record; break (n): ~ time/point;
working, through make/have/give/take a ~;
wear or damage, breakage (n), (un/non)breakable
make or become (adj), breakably (adv);
inoperative: Cf. downtime, uptime
4 Card (n) a piece of thick, stiff ~ cage/reader; binary/SD/
paper or thin punched/graphic/sound/video ~;
pasteboard, used for install/upgrade/pay by/put sth
writing or printing on/use a ~; carder (n)
on; a circuit board
that can be inserted in
a computer to add
extra facilities or
memory
5 Chip (n) a small piece of ~ set/density/card/socket;
silicon or other semi- memory ~;
conductive material install/upgrade/replace a ~;
on which circuits can chipper (n), chipping (n),
be placed chipped (adj), (un)chippable
(adj)
6 Bluetooth (n) a standard for a short- ~ connection/speaker/
range wireless headphones/ headsets/adapter;
interconnection of transfer/connect/send via ~
mobile phones,
computers and other
electronic devices
7 Convert (v) change into sth of a ~(a/n) number/audio/format/grap
different form or hics/video/data/document/input;
42
property converter (n) ~
cable/box/software, AD ~;
convertible (adj): ~
data/file/image/audio/video;
syn. transform, change
8 Computer (n) an electronic device ~ animation/architecture/fraud/
designed for graphics/games; run/use/switch
performing on/off/log onto/off/boot up/start
operations on data at up/shut down/reboot/restart a ~;
a high speed super/mini/mainframe/micro-
~computerized (adj):
~ system/information/facility/
tool/ database/journal/record
9 CPU (abbr) the part of a the ~ cooler/fan/slot/technology/
Central processing computer in which system; upgrade/(un)install the ~
unit operations are
controlled and
executed
10 Configuration (n) an arrangement of ~ standard/panel/processor/chip;
parts or elements in a (re/mis)configure (v): ~ a
particular form, system/hardware/software;
figure, or configurational (adj),
combination; the configurative (adj),
particular choice and configurationally (adv)
interconnection of
hardware items that
make up a particular
computer system
11 Component (n) a part or element of a architecture/basic/important/maj
larger whole, or/essential/principal/engine/
especially a part of a electronic/ key/software/system
machine or vehicle, ~; subcomponent (n),
software or hardware componential (adj);
syn. element, part, piece, bit,
constituent, ingredient
12 Crash (n) (of a machine, a market/public/financial ~;
business, etc.) a major/serious/system ~; cause a
sudden drop in value ~;
or failure; the sudden crasher (n);
and complete failure syn. break down
of a disk drive
13 Cycle (n) a single set of ~ stealing/time/path; machine ~;
hardware operations, go through/complete/repeat a ~;
especially that by (re)cycle (v), cyclic (adj),
43
which memory is recycling (n)
accessed and an item
is transferred to or
from it, to the point at
which the memory
may be accessed
again
14 Decoder (n) a device capable of ~
converting audio or chip/circuit/box/apparatus/board;
video signals into a audio/video/satellite/binary ~;
different form, for decode (v): ~ a message/signal/
example from digital command/ language/symbol/text
to analogue ant. encode(r)
15 Downtime (n) the period of time minimize/schedule/eliminate/red
when sth is not in uce ~;
operation, especially syn. dead time
as a result of a ant. uptime
malfunction
16 Drive (n) an electromechanical CD-ROM/disk/DVD/SSD/HDD/
device that reads floppy/hard/zip/optical/magnetic/
from and writes to hybrid ~; driver (n): CD-
disks ROM/software/printer ~;
(non)drivable (adj), drive (v);
driving (adj): a ~ force
17 Expand (v) become or make ~ from/to; expandability
larger or more (n),expandable (adj), expansion
extensive (n): ~ slot;
syn. extend, enlarge
ant. shrink
18 Fault (n) a defect in a detection/diagnosis/tree analysis
hardware device or ~; have/diagnose/overlook/disco
component ver/find/identify/locate a ~;
faulty (adj): ~
wire/picture/perception/content/b
rake/ program/device
syn. defect, flaw, imperfection
19 Joystick (n) a manual control or ~ port/button; analog ~;
cursor device, as one (dis)connect/upgrade/replace a ~
attached to a
computer or a video
game
20 Key (n) a manually activated ~board/pad/stroke;
mechanism on a alt/arrow/backspace/control/
keyboard used for delete/escape/function/return/
44
entering a character shift ~; hit/hold
or command into a down/press/touch a(the) ~; keyed
computer system; a (v), keying (v)
field in a record
which is used to
identify that record
uniquely
21 Laser (n) a device that emits ~ head/pen/surgery/storage
light through a devices/technology/lens/disk/pri
process of optical nter/beam/ treatment/gun/light;
amplification based a powerful ~; use a ~; burn a disc
on the stimulated with a ~
emission of
electromagnetic
radiation
22 Maintain (v) cause or enable (a ~ (a) process/stability/balance/
condition or standard; be difficult/easy to ~;
situation) to continue; maintenance (n): preventative/
correct or prevent regular/need/proper ~;~
faults in hardware costs/services; maintainable (adj)
syn. keep (in a working order)
23 Memory (n) the faculty by which have ~ for sth;
the mind stores and (non)volatile/poor/bad/
remembers excellent/visual/dynamic/static/
information; the part cache/computer/short-term/long-
of a computer in term/random-access ~; be stored
which data or in ~; evoke/revive/bring
program instructions back/impair/ enhance the ~ of
can be stored for sth; commit to/recite from ~;
retrieval come with 512Mb ~; if my ~
serves me right; memorable
(adj), memorial (n); immemorial
(adj): from time ~; memorize (v);
syn. recall, retention
Cf. RAM, ROM
24 Modem (n) a piece of equipment connect via (a/the) ~; an
modulator and that is used to send external/internal/dial-up ~;
demodulator information from a use/provide a ~
computer through a
telephone line, cable
or other link
25 Monitor (n) a device used for color/CCTV/computer ~; display
observing, checking, sth on a/the ~;
or keeping a monitor (v): ~ a
45
continuous record of process/compliance with sth;
sth; a screen which monitoring (n)
displays an image
generated by a
computer
26 Mouse (n) a cursor control click/double click/move/use
device consisting of a a(the) ~; ~
hand-held control button/click/cursor/pointer/pad
box used as a locator
27 Operate (v) function in a proper ~ a computer/procedure/system/
or a particular way device; be able to ~; operation
(n): computer/logic/machine ~ ;
~ table/ register/code;
operational (adj), operationally
(adv), operator (n);
syn. run
28 Periphery (n) the outer limits or peripheral (adj): ~
edge of an area or device/processor/
object vision/system/feature/card/detail/
expansion; peripherality (n);
peripheralize (v); peripherally
(adv);
syn. outer edge, margin
ant. center
29 Platform (n) a raised level surface microcomputer/mobile
on which people or computing ~;
things can stand; a mount sth/appear/stand on a ~;
group of computers platformer (n);
that are compatible syn. stage
with each other and
can run the same
software
30 Port (n) a connection in a serial/parallel/USB/FireWire/
computer to which an thunderbolt/Ethernet power ~;
outside (peripheral) portable (adj): a ~
device can be television/device/computer/
attached cassette/player
31 Printer (n) an output device for a(the) ~
printing text or cable/port/ribbon/driver/icon;
images, especially photo/laser/inkjet/impact/multifu
the one linked to a nction ~; control/drive/connect
computer a(the) ~;
(re)print (v): ~ a document/photo
/certificate/publication; printout
46
(n)
32 Process (n) an instance of a the update/boot/accelerate/launch
program being a ~; process (v): ~
executed in a information/code/
multitasking data/oil; processor (n):
operating system, data/audio/
typically running in graphics/word/multicore ~;
an environment that processable (adj);
protects it from other syn. procedure
processes
33 Remove (v) move sth from where ~ a(n) scratch/virus/program/
it is; lift, push, application/disc;
transfer, or carry removable (adj): a ~ disk;
away, or from one removability (n);
place to another syn. displace
34 Repair (v) restore sth to a good ~ (a)
condition after hardware/damage/gadget/device;
damage be in need
of/need/require/undergo ~;
repairer (n); non/repairable (adj);
irreparable (adj): ~ damage/loss;
syn. fix;
ant. damage
35 Repeat (v) do sth again or more ~ a(n) command/syntax/entry;
than once repetition (n), repetitive (adj),
repeater (n), repeatable (adj),
repeatability (n);
Cf. redo
36 Rotate (v) move or cause to allow sth to ~; ~ in a(n)
move in a circle anti-/clockwise direction;
round an axis or a rotation (n), rotative (adj): ~
center engine/motion; rotating (adj),
rotary (adj),
rotatory (adj)
37 Scan (v) look quickly but not ~ a(n) picture/document/pattern/
very thoroughly page/ error; ~ sth into a
through (a document computer; have/give sb/take a ~;
or other text) in order scannable (adj), scanner (n):
to identify relevant film/fingerprint ~
information; convert
into digital form for
storage or processing
on a computer
38 Sector (n) an area or portion ~ configuration; divide sth into
47
that is distinct from ~s;
others; a subdivision major/public/private/informal/
of a track on a formal/administration/rural/
magnetic disk urban ~; sectoral (adj)
syn. area, locality
39 Server (n) a computer that ~ program/software/page;
provides services to computer/file/web/client/disk ~;
another computer manage/control/protect/maintain/
keep (on)/provide a ~
40 Unit (n) a device that has a a control/execution/functional/
specified function, logic/ processing ~;
especially one break sth down into/divide sth
forming part of a into ~s; (un)install/(dis)assemble
complex mechanism; a~
a single
manufactured item
1. Oxford Reference. Oxford University Press. [Online]. Available:

http://www.oxfordreference.com. [Accessed: 16 Sept. 2015]
2. Oxford Dictionaries. Language matters. Oxford Unversity Press. [Online].
Available: http://www.oxforddictionaries.com. [Accessed: 20 Sept. 2015.
3. Computer dictionary. Computer Hope. [Online]. Available:
http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/jd.htm [Accessed: 20 Sept. 2015]
ACTIVITIES
1. break
down
2. remove
3. decoder
4. repair
5. convert
6. defect
7. battery
1. configure
2. damage
3. periphery
48
4. master
5. encode
6. uptime
7. shrink

irreparably
operate
repetition
breakably
processable
configure
expandable
a joystick
a laser
operate a

Process
49
1. expand A. a circuit board that can be inserted in a computer to

give extra facilities or memory
2. repair B. become or make larger or more extensive
3. card C. a computer that provides services to another
computer
4. server D. restore sth to a good condition after damage
5. fault E. a defect in a hardware device or component
6. sector F. the controlling unit in a pair of linked machines
7. master G. an area or portion that is distinct from others
1. Insert the disk ___ drive A.

2. The information was held ___ computer for regular operations.
3. You can send it to me ___ Bluetooth.
4. This computer may run __ battery for 12 hours
5. The printers are compatible ___ HP LaserJet printers, using the same HP Printer
Command Language.
6. The decoder converts the sequence of beeps back ___ a code that identifies the
caller.
7. A scanner or digitizer can be imported ___ DesignaKnit and converted into stitch
patterns.

1. maintain – destroy A. general and specific
2. printer – output B. cause and effect
3. CPU – motherboard C. contrast
4. computer - minicomputer D. method and purpose
5. gadget - joystick E. part and whole
6. operate – run
F. equivalence
7. overuse – crash
Activity 8. Decode Ken Olsen’s saying about the hardware system and comment on
it:
50
diagram below:
1. CPU – motherboard
2. card – flash drive
3. Bluetooth – WiFi
4. convert – configure
5. fault – crash
6. gamepad – joystick
7. modem – router
51
1. converted
2. expanded
3. processed
4. repaired
5. scanned
6. repeated
7. maintained
1. card
2. chip
3. Bluetooth
4. CPU
5. joystick
6. modem
7. port
1. breakdown
2. conversion
3. downtime
4. cycle
5. maintenance
6. operation
7. configuration
Activity 13. Speak on the latest trends in the hardware system development.
Activity 14. Brainstorm the current issues of e-waste nowadays. What makes it
hazardous? What are the possible solutions?
Activity 15. Write a paragraph commenting on the statement in Activity 8 above.
TEST
What is the logical relationship between the concepts “fix - damage”:

1 a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and purpose
d) contrast
2 What is the logical relationship between “output device” and “printer”:
52
a) general – specific b) method – purpose c) part – whole
d) equivalence
What is the logical relationship between “CPU” and “mother board”:
3 a) general – specific b) method – purpose c) part – whole
d) equivalence
The information was held ___ computer for regular operations.
4
a) into b) in c) on d) to
A piece of fiberglass or other material upon which an array of computer
5 chips is mounted is known as a ___. a) mother card b) transistor c) card
d) board
All of these are input devices EXCEPT FOR:
6
a) webcam b) keyboard c) printer d) mouse
All of these are output devices EXCEPT FOR:
7
a) monitor b) projector c) speaker d) webcam
8 Mark the odd word: a) break-up b) break off c) breakdown d) break in
All of these collocate with the word “process” EXCEPT FOR:
9
a) information b) password c) data d) output
The period of time when sth is not in operation, especially as a result of
10
a malfunction is called ___time. a) up b) on c) down d) over
Volatile memory, contrary to ____-volatile memory requires power to
11
maintain the stored information. a) non-b) un c) im d) in
All of these are synonymous to the word “maintain” EXCEPT FOR:
12
a) keep b) regain c) sustain d) preserve
All of these can follow the noun “printer” EXCEPT FOR:
13
a) cable b) port c) ribbon d) board
The decoder at the other end converts the sequence of beeps back ___ a
14
code which identifies the caller. a) to b) in c) on d) into
The manufacturing ___ is relatively simple.
15
a) procedures b) proceeding c) process d) proceedings
Mark the odd word:
16
a) rotary b) rotative c) rotatory d) rotation
The broken machine needs ____.
17
a) despair b) compare c) repair d) impair
That accident involved a truck with ____ brakes.
18
a) fault b) faultless c) faulty d) faultness
The company claims to have reduced machine ___.
19
a) downtime b) time c) uptime d) time out
The part of a computer in which operations are controlled and executed
20
is known as (a) ___. a) Bluetooth b) Wi-Fi c) CPU d) server
53
Module 5. SOFTWARE

1 Add (v) join or put sth in(to) ~ a(n)
sth else so as to function/program/text/image;
increase the size, ~ on program/weight;
number, or amount addition (n): in ~ to; additive (n);
added (adj); additional (adj);
syn. augment
ant. subtract, deduct
2 Application (n) a formal request to an documentation/graphics/presenta
authority; a set of one tion /spreadsheet and
or more programs statistical/data management/file
designed to carry out management/ information and
operations for a reference software/education and
specific purpose training/entertainment
which are unable to /accounting and finance/business
run on their own and ̴;
depend on the system ~ of force; develop/set
software to execute up/uninstall /update an ~; apply
(v): ~ for a job/post/position;
applied (adj): ~
science/mathematics;
(non)applicable (adj);
applicational (adj)
3 BIOS (abbr) the program code and ~ setup;
Basic data stored in the embedded/flash ~;
Input/Output permanent memory display the ~ information
System and used for booting
process
4 Boot (v) kick sth hard in a ~ a(n)
specified direction; accelerator/application/band/com
turn on a computer puter/code/disc/drive/menu/secto
and get into the r/virus; booting (n): the ~
operating system drive/environment /procedure/
process/sequence/stage;
bootable (adj): a ~
CD/drive/diskette; reboot (v);
syn. reset, (re)start
5 Catalogue (n) an itemized list of a ~ code/of samples/name; enter
titles, course in/make a ~ of; catalogue (v): ~
offerings, or articles business/buyers/by authors;
for exhibition or sale, cataloguing (n): ~ problem;
54
including descriptive catalogued (adj), cataloguer (n);
information or syn. archive, directory
illustrations; a
publication
containing such a list
6 Cluster (n) a group of similar cluster (adj): ~
things or people address/administrator/
positioned or administration/allocation/acceler
occurring closely ation/bomb; form/organize ~(s);
together; a group of clustered (adj): ~
connected computers; access/database/index;
the smallest managed syn. array, bunch
section of a hard
drive that holds a file
7 Compatible (adj) able to exist or occur backward/downward~;
together without ~ application/browser/circuit/
problems or conflict; blood;
matching the syn. adaptable, appropriate,
previous versions of consistent; (in)compatibility (n);
software, operating ant. incompatible
systems or
hardware devices
8 Context (n) the circumstances consider/examine/look at/see/
that form a setting for understand/view sth in the ~ of;
an event, statement, general/larger/overall/wider/
or idea, in terms of educational/regional/historical/cu
which it can be fully ltural ~; define/describe the ~;
understood contextual (adj): ~
analysis/approach;
context (adj): ~
switch/menu/area/
analysis/activation;
syn. background, setting
ant. foreground
9 Desktop (adj) (of office appliances, ~ publishing/computer/apparatus
such as photocopiers /computer/access/application/
and printers) which analysis/environment/accessories
can be fitted on top of /configuration;
a desk ant. portable/wearable
(computer)
10 Design (v) decide upon the look ~ a book/building/curriculum;
and functioning of (a redesign (v); design (n): ~
building, garment, or approval/arrangement/automatio
other object), by n; designer (n): ~ fashion/clothes
55
making its detailed /label/aids;
drawing syn. architecture, layout
11 Driver (n) a person who drives a a(n) device/hardware/software/
vehicle; a program upgrade /test ~;
that controls the (un)install/update a ~;
operation of a device drive (v): ~ a car/vehicle/at sth; ~
such as a printer or a innovation; driverless (adj);
scanner driving (adj, n): the
main/principal ~ force of/behind
sth; ~ license, reckless ~
12 Embed (v) fix (an object) firmly ~ a(n) channel/file/chip/structure/
and deeply in a function/system/operation/
surrounding mass; technology/software in(to) sth;
incorporate sth (a embedding (n), embeddable
text, a code, a (adj), embedded (adj): ~ OS;
picture) within the syn. enclose, insert, incorporate
body of a file or
document
13 Emulate (v) match or surpass (a ~ a sound/action/design/environ
person or ment/ one’s father/sb’s
achievement), hairstyle/sb’s success;
typically by emulation (n), emulator (n),
imitation; reproduce emulative (adj);
the function or action syn. imitate, copy, follow sb’s
of a different suit
computer, software
system, etc.
14 Encapsulate (v) enclose sth in or as if ~ a layer/information/program/
in a capsule; provide code; encapsulation (n),
an interface for a encapsulated (adj)
piece of software or
hardware to allow or
simplify access for
the user
15 Function (n) an activity that is built-in/system/value/virtual/
natural to or the annual/social ~;
purpose of sb/sth; a fulfill/perform/attend a ~;
basic task of a ~ procedure/editor/reference/
computer, especially template; function (v): ~ as a
one that corresponds robot/ normally;
to a single instruction (non/dis)functional (adj),
from the user functionally (adv), functionality
(n);
syn. feature, activity, operation
56
16 Icon (n) sb or sth regarded as pop/rock/fashion ~; ~
a representative bar/control/ editor/-based/-
symbol or as worthy driven;
of veneration; a program/document ~;
symbol or graphic create/change an ~; iconic (adj):
representation on a ~ structure/path/interface /model;
screen of a program, syn. picture, symbol
option, or window
17 Implement (v) put a decision, plan, ~ a(n) scenario/action/plan/
agreement, etc. into agreement; implementation (n):
effect program ~; ~
chart/file/defect/error/ pattern;
implement (n): garden ~ (s);
implementer(or) (n);
implementable (adj);
implementability (n);
syn. achieve, carry out
18 Install (v) place or fix ~ (a) software/driver/process;
equipment or installer (n); installing (n);
machinery in position installed (adj): ~
ready for use; copy equipment/capacity/base;
all of the necessary installation (n): ~
files to run a software aids/company/costs/
program on a directions/instruction/manual/pro
computer cess/program/tool/wizard;
installability (n); installable
(adj): ~ device/driver/ RAM;
syn. put in place, set
ant. uninstall
19 Interface (n) a point where two system/program/graphical/object
systems, subjects, /user/functional ~; ~
organizations, etc. adapter/agent/area/
meet and interact; a card/channel/connection/
device or program element/design/functionality/kit/
enabling a user to protocol; interface (v): ~ with
communicate with a another system or person,
computer interfaced (adj); interfacial (adj):
~ connection/failure/
joint/resistance/tension;
interfacing (n): ~
capability/circuit/protocol/
software;
syn. interact with, connect with;
57
Cf. GUI (Graphical User
Interface)
WIMP (Windows, Icons, Menus,
Pointer)
20 Iteration (n) repetition of a ~
process or utterance; cycle/algorithm/function/factor/
repetition of a index/loop/mode; iterate (v): ~
function or process in a(n) operation/function/ process;
a computer program; iterative (adj): ~
a new version of a algorithm/analysis/approach/
piece of computer code/ calculation/circuit/formula/
hardware or software function/ filter/method/network/
procedure/ technique; reiterate
(v);
iterating (adj); iterated (adj):
~ code/form/graph/operator;
syn. repetition
21 Kernel (n) the central or most ~ debugger/call/function/mode/d
important part of sth; river; ~ of
the most basic level security/action/integral;
or core of an program/real-
operating system, time/separable/expanded
responsible for /security ~; address/define a ~;
resource allocation, syn. center, core
file management, and ant. periphery
security
22 Launch (v) set (a newly built ship ~ a campaign/program/vessel/
or boat) afloat for the warship/rocket/spaceship;
first time with an launch (n): a ~
official ceremony; angle/power/team/ window;
send (a missile, launcher (n): a waveguide ~;
satellite, or launching (n): a ~
spacecraft) on its pad/basin/fiber/rail/ site/tower;
course; start or set in launchpad (n); launchway (n): ~
motion (an activity or operation;
program) syn. start, commence
ant. end, finish
23 License (n) an agreement that obtain/revoke a ~;
allows sb or sth to grant a ~ to sb;
use a service or ~
perform an action as agreement/fee/key/contract/holde
long as they agree to r; ~ -free; shrink-wrap/group/
the terms provided corporate ~; licensed (adj): ~
therein software/product/ dealer/party;
58
licensee (n); licenser (or) (n);
licensing (adj): ~
procedure/scheme, service;
syn. certificate, warrant, permit
24 Menu (n) the food available or icon-driven/quick access/drop-
to be served in a down/context/pull-down/pop-
restaurant or at a up/application/feature/cascading
meal; a list from ~; ~ box/button/access/choice/
which to choose; a entry/key/-driven/-
list of commands or guided/type/bar;
facilities displayed on click on/choose from/change the
screen ~
25 OS (abbr) the software that ~ failure/design/kernel/managem
Operating System supports a computer's ent; server/user/home
basic functions, such edition/virtual/
as scheduling tasks, multiuser/multitasking/
executing multiprocessing/mobile ~;
applications, and (un)install/update/change/reconfi
controlling gure/be compatible with an ~
peripherals
26 Package (n) an object or group of ~ advertising/contract/deal/file/
objects wrapped in holiday/module/offer/paper/tour;
paper or packed in a ~ of subcontract works;
box; software that is build/create a ~; packaged (adj):
bunched together to ~ software/system/ unit;
make a complete set packager (n); packaging (n):
~ density/film/machine/process/
robot;
syn. kit, parcel, container
27 Pointer (n) a long, thin piece of ~ device/instrument/operation/
metal on a scale or token/tool/-driven/-linked;
dial which moves to screen/control/base/vertical/
indicate a figure or address ~; point (n):
position; a movable boiling/freezing/hot ~; bring
indicator on a up/raise/concede/yield/cover/disc
computer screen uss/ emphasize/stress/underscore
identifying the point a ~; speak to the ~; at a ~; on this
that will be affected ~; point (v): ~ out
by input from the problems/errors;
user pointless (adj): ~ argument;
syn. cursor, arrow, issue
28 Recover (v) return to a normal ~ command/function/from an
state of health, mind, error; recovery (n): system ~, ~
or strength; stabilize bug/control/
59
or take a computer or data/factor/node/period/process/r
electronic device ate/ work/time; recoverer (n):
back to a point when program ~;
it was stable; restore recovered (adj): ~
a deleted file file/heat/oil/signal;
recovering (n): ~
time/probability;
(ir)recoverable (adj):
~ error/failure/ reserves;
(ir)recoverability (n);
syn. reclaim, regain, restore
29 Release (v) allow or enable to ~ a film/disc/book/button/
escape from prisoner;
confinement; set free; release (n): ~ date/key/node, ~ of
make (a film, pressure/information/fluid;
recording, or other released (adj): ~
product) available to capacity/state/version; releaser
the public (n);
syn. (set) free, let go, issue
30 Script (n) handwriting as ~ file/language/font;
distinct from print; an command/machine/writer ~;
automated series of (re)write/create/compose/delete/e
instructions carried dit a ~; scripting (n): ~ engine/
out in a specific programming language;
order; a small non- inscription (n), inscribe (v)
compiled program
written for a scripting
language or the
command interpreter
31 Software (n) the programs and trial/open
other operating source/bundled/commercial/
information used by a edutainment/public domain/
computer encryption/licensed ~;
(un)install/configure/release/mai
ntain/design/debug/distribute/im
plement/ manage/control/test ~;
~ bug/cache/
command/component/configurati
on
/debugging/design/distribution/
engineering/failure/implementati
on/ life-cycle/management/
piracy/publisher/ utility; ~-based
controller/design;
60
syn. program
ant. hardware
32 Specification (n) an act of identifying ~ change/deficiency/error/limit/
sth precisely or of requirements/review/statement/w
stating a precise riter; ~ of
requirement; contract/cargo/tolerances;
description of an specify (v): ~ the(a)
invention needs/conditions/
accompanying an offer/diagnosis/extension;
application for a specificity (n): ~ of
patent test/construction; specified (adj):
~ behavior/criteria/constraints/
conditions/load/number/quality/
temperature/time;
syn. stipulation, parameter,
condition
33 System (n) a complex whole; a ~ requirements/engineer/
set of things working interface/analyst/area/approach/a
together as parts of a rchitecture/board/bus/code/conso
mechanism or an le/control/crash/debugging/desig
interconnecting n/disc/element/failure/library/me
network; a group of mory/menu/registry;
related programs or (re)set/start/boot/
hardware units or (un)install/update/
both, especially when change/(re)configure/access a ~;
dedicated to a single application/ computer/back-
application up/binary/ control/ error-
correcting/detecting/
information ~;
syn. scheme, structure
ant. chaos, disorder
34 Task (n) a piece of work to be active/current ~; perform/set/
done or undertaken; fulfill/complete/carry out/
an activity or a piece cancel/abandon/undertake/
of work which CPU assign/entrust sb with a ~;
has to perform, ~-based approach/allocation/
usually as part of a activation/assignment/group/list/
larger project plan/queue; ~ scheduler/priority/
queue/register/table/bar;
syn. assignment, undertaking
Cf. multitasking
35 Update (v) make sth more ~ a status/software/file;
modern or up-to-date; update (n): news/automatic/
download a software manual/timely ~, ~ rate/time;
61
file that contains updated (adj): ~
refreshed information program/antivirus/file
and various fixes /database/information/version/sa
mple; updater (n): table ~;
updating (n):
batch/file/memo/screen ~;
syn. modernize, renovate
ant. outdated, out-of-date
36 Utility (n) the state of being public/debugging/disk
useful, profitable, or compression/ maintenance/setup
beneficial; system ~; ~ allocation/
software designed to area/core/computing/device/
help analyze, equipment/function/kernel;
configure, optimize (un)install/update/change a ~;
or maintain a public ~ies; utilize (v): ~
computer fully/partially; utilizable (adj): ~
waste; utilization (n): ~
coefficient/
factor/level/parameter/property/r
ate; utilized (adj); utilizer (n);
syn. service
Cf. recycle
37 Version (n) a particular form of demo/beta/active/trial/profession
sth differing in al/ crippled/licensed ~; ~ control/
certain respects from management/tracking;
an earlier form or release/copy a ~; versioning (n);
other forms of the syn. form, variant
same type of thing; a
particular release of a
piece of computer
software
38 Widget (n) an application, or a ~ library/set;
component of an un(install)/update/change
interface that enables /reconfigure a ~;
a user to perform a syn. gizmo, apparatus, appliance,
function or access a device
service; an
additional feature or
extension to
a software program,
OS GUI, or a web
page, which enables
additional features
39 -ware (n) manufactured articles share/demo/ad/group/spy/cripple
62
of a specified type; /crap/
type of software mal/free/stone/table/kitchen/
metal ~;
syn. commodity
40 Window (n) an opening in the ~
wall or roof of a control/frame/menu/space/width;
building or vehicle, to ~-based OS; ~ of vulnerability;
admit light or air; a acceptance/contact/display/help/
framed area on a hidden/graphics/pop-
display screen for up/welcome/
viewing information active/alert/application ~;
overlapping ~s; bring up a ~;
extend beyond the edge of the ~;
windowed (adj): ~
address/registers; windowing (n):
~ environment/software/system;
windowless (adj): ~ photo-
multiplication
1. New Oxford American Dictionary, 3rd Edition © 2010 by Oxford University

Press Inc.
2. Oxford Dictionary of English, 3rd Edition © Oxford University Press 2010
3. Англо-русский словарь по вычислительной технике и программированию: 8-
е изд., исп. и доп. - ABBYY. - Масловский Е.К., 2008
4. Англо-русский толковый словарь по вычислительной технике, Интернету и
программированию (8 изд., исп. и доп.). - Э. М. Пройдаков, Л. А. Теплицкий,
2011.
5. Англо-русский словарь по телекоммуникациям. - «РУССО». - Александров
А.В. – 2011.
ACTIVITIES
1. boot
2. catalogue
3. design
4. embed
5. emulate
6. function
7. icon
8. implement
63
1. add
2. context
3. install
4. kernel
5. launch
6. recover
7. release
8. system

application
installable
iteratively
pointer
update
implemented
cluster
desktop
64
Adjective Target vocabulary unit
interface
software
utility
specification
version

65
1. shareware A. adjunct software that displays advertising while the program it
is attached to is running
2. software B. software designed to facilitate collective working by a number
of different users
3. freeware C. software that self-installs on computers and tracks the user's
Internet use, mainly for marketing purposes
4. adware D. software that is available free of charge and often distributed
informally for evaluation, after which a fee may be requested for
continued use
5. groupware E. software specifically designed to disrupt or damage a computer
system
6. spyware F. the programs and other operating information used by a
computer
7. malware G. software that is available without any payment
Activity 6. Insert prepositions
1. To work correctly, application software should be compatible ___ the

operating system.
2. The main driving force ____the technological progress is people’s laziness.
3. The Microsoft Company granted a licensed software ____ the programmer
who found a bug in the newly released Windows software.
4. In every Microsoft Office application software there is a function to embed an
image ___ the document.
5. Click ______the drop-down menu to see all the options.
6. The Word spellchecker will easily point _____errors in the document.
7. Speak ___ the point, because we are pressed for time.

1. context – foreground A. general and specific
2. icon - interface B. contrast
3. application – graphics software C. equivalence
4. core - periphery D. part and whole
5. update – security E. method and purpose
6. incompatibility - failure F. cause and effect
7. Interface – GUI
Activity 8. Decode Bill Gates’ saying about software and comment on it:
66
diagram below:
GNU - closed source software

application software - utility
BIOS – OS
shareware - freeware
input – output
emulate – imitate - simulate
boot – reboot
Activity 10. Give examples of the following software types. Add other types of -ware
that you know:
1. shareware
67
2. software
3. freeware
4. adware
5. groupware
6. spyware
7. malware
Activity 11. Describe a typical program interface, its components and

characteristics.
Activity 12. Name some reasons why software should be updated. Illustrate these
reasons with examples from your own experience.
Activity 13. Arrange the software layers below in a descending order from top to
bottom; comment on the functionality of each software layer:
Operating system
Application software
BIOS
Drivers
Kernel
Utility
Activity 14. Say what types of application software given below you have installed
in your computer or smart phone:
1. documentation software
2. graphics software
3. presentation software
4. file management software
5. education and training software
6. entertainment software
7. accounting and finance software
Activity 15. Write a paragraph on software compatibility by covering such aspects

as: definition, importance, types and examples.
TEST
1 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “–core - periphery”:

d) contrast
2 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “application
software – graphics software”:
68
d) part and whole
3 Software that is bunched together to make a complete set is known as
(a/n) ___. a) groupware b) package d) adware d) utility
4 Software designed to facilitate collective working by a number of
different users is known as (a/n) ___. a) groupware b) spyware d) adware
d) shareware
5 Software that is available free of charge and often distributed informally
for evaluation, after which a fee may be requested for continued use is
known as___. a) malware b) spyware d) adware d) shareware
6 An activity or piece of work which CPU has to perform is known as ___.
a) thread b) task c) script d) function
7 ___ is the most basic level or core of an operating system, responsible for
resource allocation, file management, and security.
a) kernel b) utility c) periphery d) accessory
8 All of these are types of utilities EXCEPT FOR:
a) presentation b) maintenance c) disc compression d) setup
9 MS Word, Excel, Power Point are examples of ___.
a) applications software b) widgets c) utilities d) OS
10 All of these are interface components EXCEPT FOR:
a) window b) menu c) driver d) icon
11 Mark the odd word: a) design b) architect c) format d) layout
12 Mark the odd word: a) design b) construct c) layout d) architect
13 The queries can be framed using an ______ version of the existing
Database Assistance tool. a) updated b) update c) updater d) updating
14 All of these collocate with the adjective “desktop” EXCEPT FOR:
a) publishing b) computer c) application d) cluster
15 The text extended ____ the edge of the window.
a) from b) beyond c) behind d) after
16 All of these are types of application software EXCEPT FOR:
a) graphics software b) presentation software c) spreadsheet software
d) desktop software
17 Spyware and adware differ mostly by their ___.
a) size b) programming language c) purpose d) price
18 For further details please contact the Institute for ___Language Studies.
a) Applicable b) Applicative c) Applied d) Applicational
19 This is the standard way of ___ data in your program.
a) installing b) embedding c) introducing d) inserting
20 Everyone should be able to design a standard Web page in minutes using
the point and click type tools for___ text, graphics and sound.
a) installing b) introducing c) encapsulating d) inserting
69
Module 6. CYBERSPACE

1 Account (n) a record or statement ~ name/password/access/
of financial balance/restriction/manager/pol
expenditure; the means icy/number/ status/ID;
by which a user can administrative/computer/
access a computer disabled/user/group/guest/local
system; an Internet- ~; account (v): ~ for sth, take
based entity owned by into ~, on ~ of; on this ~;
or assigned to a accountability (n): password ~,
specific user, but accountable (n): ~ to sb; (adv);
stored in an accounting (n): ~
organization period/control/data
system/device/
machine/management/software
2 Anonymity (n) the state of being processor ~; anonym (n);
purposely unknown, anonymous (adj): ~
concealing one’s variable/letter/writer/server/
identity surfing/user;
Cf. pseudonym, alias
3 Avatar (n) visual manifestation of an ~ of selflessness,
a person or idea; a account/colorful ~;
movable icon choose/change an ~;
representing a person syn. incarnation, embodiment
in cyberspace or
virtual reality graphics
4 Block (v) put an obstacle in the ~ a(n) file/software/account/site
way; keep a /mobile phone/network/anonym
troublesome user out ous user/abusing
of one’s mentions and message/signal; block (n): ~
send them an explicit algebra/method/code; ~ of
signal that one wants code/flats/shares; building/
to have nothing to do control/data/memory/message/q
with them ueue storage ~; blockage (n):
manual/mechanical ~, the ~
factor; blocked (adj),
blocker (n),
blockout (n);
70
syn. barrier, obstacle,
impediment, hindrance;
hinder, ban
ant. permit, give access, allow
5 Blog (n) a site maintained by create/maintain/add content to/
web + log an individual or a contribute to a ~, a ~
business with regular client/host/-hosting;
entries of commentary, corporate/company/ news/
descriptions of events, business ~; blogger (n):
or other material such popular/notorious ~;
as graphics or video (micro)blogging (n): the art of
~;
syn. online journal
Cf. splog (n)=(spam+blog)
6 Bookmark (n) a strip of leather, card, create/delete/share/follow a ~, a
etc., used to mark one's ~ list; bookmarker (n);
place in a book; a bookmarking (n):
record of the address clever/frequent/individual ~;
of a file, Internet page, syn. clip, holder, marker
or other data enabling
quick access by a user
7 Browse (v) survey goods for sale ~ around the store/through the
in a leisurely and newspaper; ~ the web/web
casual way; read or pages; browse (adj): a ~
survey (data files) via list/mode; browser (n):
a network web/popular/heavy ~, ~
interface; browsing (n):
web/easy/computer ~;
browsable (adj);
syn. surf
8 Cast (v) throw something ~ a(n) smile/net/anchor; ~
forcefully; cause (light back/aside/down/away; ~
or shadow) to appear doubts/lots; casting (n): life ~;
on a surface; arrange cast (n):
and present in a web/broad/pod/multi/vod ~;
specified form or style syn. emit, put on air
9 Clickbait (n) enticing readers to ~ headlines/titles/news;
click through to the clickbaiting (n): engage in ~
full story with a
misleading or
sensationalist headline,
usually with the goal
of generating page
views and advertising
71
revenue
10 CTR (abbr) a common method of increase/decrease/raise/lower/b
Clickthrough rate reporting on the oost the ~; high/low ~
number of people who
have viewed a
message or a piece of
content and clicked on
an ad or a link
11 Cookie (n) a sweet biscuit; a small ~ data/file/information/sheet/
identifier file placed verification; ~-enabled browser;
on a user’s computer delete/steal/spy/create
by a Web site, which (automatically)/enable/disable/
logs information about allow/switch on (off) ~s
the user and their
previous/current visits
12 Content(s) (n) sng.: a state of low fat ~; online ~ providers;
satisfaction; pl.: the be ~ with sth; ~ oneself with
material dealt with in a sth; time of ~; contentless (adj);
speech, literary work, contented (adj): feel ~;~ -based
etc. as distinct from its coding/information retrieval; ~
form or style; -driven document; ~
information made analysis/decoder
available by a website /management/filtering/provider
or another electronic ; ~s of a book; table of ~ s; the
medium ~s page/list/directory/
dictionary; ~s of a file/data
stream/message; block/
provide/create/show/restrict the
~s
ant. form
13 Community (n) a group of people the international/European/virtu
living together in one al/research/information/online/u
place, especially one ser/AI ~; ~
practicing common service/center/college/facilities
ownership; a web /health service/worker;
society uniting people syn. society, group
with the same
interests, social values
and or other particular
characteristics
14 Creep (v) move slowly and ~ up to sth/forward/back/
carefully in order to \slowly; creeping (adj); creeper
avoid being heard or (n): anonymous/irritating/fanati
noticed; spend an c/addicted ~
72
extended period of syn. lurk
time looking through Cf. follow
someone’s profiles,
photos, and videos on
social media
15 Crowdfunding the act of soliciting vast/urgent/quick/skillful ~ ;
(n) donations or try/succeed in/raise money
investments from through/ resort to ~
online users who
collectively raise
money to support a
cause or underwrite a
project
16 Cyber (adj) relating to or ~ age/space/warfare/
characteristic of the crime/life/criminal/offence/theft
culture of computers, / cash/culture/mail/café/sport/
information terrorism/citizen/phobia/
technology, and virtual security/slacker/speak/squatting
reality /stalking;
cybernated (adj): ~ humanity;
cybernation (n): of the world;
cybernaut (n); cybernetic (adj):
~ approach/control/machine/mo
del/ system; cybernetics (n);
cyborg (n);
syn. virtual
17 E- (prf) indicating the use of ~-mail/book/journal/commerce/
electronic data transfer banking/learning/cash/zine/
in cyberspace, crime/literacy/business/culture/
especially through the government/library/payment/pu
Internet blishing/voting
18 Emoticon (n) a representation of a a(n) strange/(in)appropriate/
Emotion + icon facial expression such (ir)relevant/funny/angry/vertica
as a smile or a frown, l/ horizontal/sticker ~;
formed by various send/attach/add/choose an ~;
combinations of syn. smiley
keyboard characters
and used in electronic
communications to
convey the writer's
feelings or intended
tone
19 FAQ (acr) a text file containing a publish/consult/ignore/look
Frequently asked list of questions and through/find the answer in ~;
73
questions answers relating to a Cf. FAQL (frequently asked
particular subject, esp. question list)
the one giving basic
information for users
of an Internet
newsgroup
20 Feed (v) frequently updated latest/abusing/parallel ~;
content subscription to web/news/events/line/power ~;
which allows to read (un)subscribe to a ~
the latest posts or
watch the newest
videos on a computer
or any portable device
21 Forum (n) a meeting or medium a(n) discussion/international ~;
where ideas and views join/provide a ~ for sb/sth; post
on a particular issue sth on a ~; World
can be exchanged; an Telecommunication ~;
online discussion site Independent Software
Developers ~; pl. fora
syn. conference, newsgroup
22 Geotagging (n) the process of adding automatic/precise/user’s ~; use/
location-based resort to/refer to/be guided by ~
metadata to media
such as photos, video
or online maps
23 Link (n) a relationship between perma/hyper/data/cable/fiber-
two things or optic/implicit
situations; a reference /logical/transmission/
in an electronic transport ~; follow/click
document that lets a on/build/ manage/control a ~; a
user display or activate ~ access/address/control/error/fi
another document or le; linked (adj): a ~
program; list/document/ communication;
a reference to data that link-up (n): a live satellite ~;
the reader can directly linkable (adj):a ~ cycle;
follow by clicking linkability (n): ~ of
devices/equipment; linkage (n):
external/internal ~;
syn. tie, connection,
(cross-) reference,
Cf. liason
24 Log (v) enter (an incident or ~ in to/out of a server; log (n): a
fact) in the log of a ~ command/entry/file/journal/
ship or aircraft or in message/server; logger (n):
74
another systematic site/internet ~; logged (adj): ~
record; go through the data/drive; logger (n): data/
procedures to begin (or multichannel/system ~, ~
conclude) using a machine; logging (n):
computer system error/executive/failure/ machine
time ~, ~ printer/unit;
login (n): user
/remote/automatic ~; ~
name/password/directory/
procedure/prompt/command
file; disable a ~;
syn. log on/off
25 Mail (n) letters and parcels sent e-/postal/snail/incoming/daily/d
by post; electronic irect ~; ~
mail box/edition/filter/program/
system/server/list/bot/man;
send/order by ~;
check/receive/redirect/delete/so
rt out the ~; mailable (adj);
mailing (adj): ~ list/list
manager/processor/program;
syn. listserver (listserv)
26 Meme (n) an element of a culture interesting/video/colorful/funny
or system of behavior /absurd ~; spread/track/send/
that may be passed post a ~; memetic (adj): ~
from one individual to algorithm/code/spread
another by imitation;
an image with a text,
video or link
describing a thought,
idea, joke, or concept
to be shared online
27 Media (n) media (pl.): the main (pl.) civic/social/mass/local/
means of mass broadcasting/multi/interactive/
communication network/communication ~, ~
(television, radio, and art/event/
newspapers) regarded library/studies/processor/-
collectively; specific;
medium (sng.): a ~ access/control/adapter/compu
means by which sth is ter/ frequency; ~-capacity/-run/-
communicated or sized; (sing.) information-
expressed; a particular carrying/input/output/
storage container for interactive/magnetic/recording/
computer files, such as storage/transfer (non)volatile ~;
75
magnetic tape or a disc the ~ of instruction
syn. means
28 Monitor (v) observe and check the ~ activity/function/signal;
progress or quality of monitor (n): black and
sth over a period of white/color/CRT/ refreshed/
time; observe some enhanced RGB/system/ flat-
activities and measure screen/LCD/LED/thin-
them against film/VGA/TV ~; ~
benchmark policies amplifier/display/
and rules mode/signal/switch; monitored
(adj); monitoring (n): call/low-
battery/performance/security
threat/heat/pulse/remote access
~, ~ of production/
performance/tool breakage; ~
equipment/technology/
window;
syn. control, check, audit
29 Navigate (v) guide (a vessel or a vessel/around the Web/a car
vehicle) over a through the traffic; be ~ed by
specified route, the stars; ~ skillfully; ~;
especially with navigable (adj): ~
difficulty, by using path/waterway; navigating
instruments or maps; (adj): ~ officer; navigation (n):
move around a electronic ~, ~ aids/air
website, the Internet, radar/area/button/canal/
etc. computer/control/electronics/
facilities/instrument/kit/support/
satellite; navigational (adj):
database/guidance/parameter/
query; navigator (n):
television/driver’s/GSM ~
30 Password (n) a secret word or a generate/change/supply/enter a
phrase that must be ~; multi (single)-user/one-time
used to gain admission ~, ~
to a place; a string of ageing/authentication/changing/
characters that allows identification/logout/security/
sb access to a verification; ~-protected;
computer system Cf. identification, login
31 Post (v) send by post; display ~ a message/status; ~ on the
(a notice) in a public wall/Internet/site; ~ in sb’s
place; make blog; post (n): place a ~, a ~
(information) available bag/boy/card/
on the Internet; send (a box/exchange/office; postal
76
message) to an Internet (adj): ~
bulletin board or address/code/service/transactio
newsgroup n; send/receive by ~;
provocative/clever/funny ~;
syn. mail, correspondence,
public message
Cf. poste restante
32 Site (n) an area of ground on do sth on ~; ~ visits; a landfill
which a town, ~; appear/post on the ~;
building, or monument close/block/ban/develop/design/
is constructed; (short control/address/administer/com
for website) an Internet promise a ~; ~
location that admin/control/database/
maintains one or more development/license/name/
web pages safety/server/testing; a
spyware ~;
syn. place, location, spot
33 Spam (n) irrelevant or send/receive/delete/block/report
inappropriate / avoid ~; ~
messages sent on the filter/bot/buster/victim;
Internet to a large spammer (n):
number of newsgroups annoying/irritating/ advertising
or users for advertising ~; spamming (n): ~ of
purposes mailboxes/accounts; spamster
(n);
syn. junk mail
34 Status (n) relative social or ~ of the person/bill, ~ bar/error/
professional position; control/monitoring/indicator/me
the current condition a ssage/report; update/post/
device or a user is in delete/change/announce/
maintain/preserve/restore the ~;
availability/(in)active/current ~;
statutory (adj): ~
order/instrument;
syn. state, position
Cf. status quo
35 Stream (n) a long, narrow strip of TV/radio/video/information/
material used as a communication/file/input/outpu
decoration or symbol; t/ manager/mode/flow ~; ~ of
a continuous flow of data; instruction/media ~;
data or instructions, stream (v); streamed (adj): ~
typically one having a content/students; streamer (n): a
constant or predictable plastic/party/multi-coloured ~ ;
rate decorate/adorn with ~s; digital
77
recording ~; streaming (adj):
TV/video ~, audio ~;
syn. poster, slogan, flood
36 Trace (v) follow or mark the ~ a(n)
course or position of signal/person/activity/actions; ~
sth; find or discover sth back; trace (n):
sth by investigation electrical/path/program/return/
reverse/signal ~; ~ analysis/
filter/interval/leakage/method/
scheduling; traceable (adj):
barely ~; traceability (n); traced
(adj): ~ profile; traceless (adj):
~ matrix/operator; tracer (n): ~
activity;
syn. track
37 Thread (n) a long, thin strand of execution/discussion/main/singl
fibers used in sewing e ~, ~ group/ID/
or weaving; a topic or package/time/detector(ion)/
subtopic within an failure/formation; start/close/
electronic discussion continue/limit a ~;
group or forum; a thread (v): ~ a needle;
programming structure threaded (adj): ~ file;
or process linking a threading (n): multi ~, ~
number of separate facility/tool
elements concurrently
executed in
multithreading
38 Virtual (adj) not physically existing ~ world/reality/function/address
as such but made by / business/call/network/channel/
software to appear to community/computer/\
do so; an online connection/database/device/dire
computer-simulated ctory/disk/library/meeting/mem
space ory/server/storage;
virtualization (n): ~ engine/
implementation/management/
platform/software/technique/
technology; virtualize (v);
virtually (adv): ~ impossible;
virtuality (n);
syn. cyber
ant. real, actual
39 Web (n) a widely used ~ conferencing/casting/publishi
World Wide Web information system on ng/ browsing/programming; ~
the Internet enabling page/address/application/
78
the user to search for browser/designer/document/hos
information by moving t/
from one document to interface/infrastructure/server/s
another pace/cast; ~-based
administration/ email/solution;
syn. the Internet, global
network
Cf. webinar, web-master,
webcam, webisode, webzine
40 Wiki (n) (from the Hawaiian ~pedia/books; media ~; ~leaks
“wiki wiki” which Cf. encyclopedia
means “super fast”) a
website or database
developed
collaboratively by a
community of users,
allowing any user to
add and edit content
1. Oxford Dictionary of English, 3rd Edition. - Oxford University Press Inc., 2010
2. Англо-русский словарь по вычислительной технике и программированию. -
8-е изд., исп. и доп. – ABBYY. - Масловский Е.К., 2008.
программированию - 8-е изд., исп. и доп. – Э. М. Пройдаков, Л. А. Теплицкий,
2011.
4. Англо-русский словарь по телекоммуникациям. - «РУССО». - Александров
А.В., 2004.
ACTIVITIES
1. block
2. community
3. emoticon
4. forum
5. link
6. monitor
7. WWW
1. virtual
79
2. block
3. log in
4. snail mail
5. implicit
6. external
7. anonymous

accountably
link
mail
monitored
navigable
stream
trace
cyber
a blog

contents
80
Adjective/Noun Target vocabulary unit
feed
cookies
e-
Target vocabulary unit Adjective/Noun
password
1. anonymity A. a small identifier file placed on a user’s computer by a Web

site, which logs information about the user and their
previous/current visits for the use of the site next time the user
81
makes contact
2. avatar
B. a location connected to the Internet that maintains one or more
web pages
3. clickbait C. the state of being purposely unknown, concealing one’s identity
4. CTR D. a text file containing a list of questions and answers relating to
a particular subject
5. cookie E. a movable icon representing a person in cyberspace or virtual
reality graphics
6. FAQ F. a common metric for reporting on the number of people who
viewed a message or piece of content and clicked on the ad or link
7. meme G. an image with text, video or link describing a thought, idea,
joke, or concept to be shared online
8. site H. web content with a misleading or sensationalist headline that
entices readers to click through to the full story, usually with the
goal of generating page views and advertising revenue
1. Take ______ account the compatibility of the new software.

2. Students account ____ the vast majority of customers.
3. A dedicated blogger contributes _____ his blog every day.
4. He was browsing _____ the morning newspaper to find her announcement.
5. The girl was found as she left a reference _____ geotagging
6. He called the system administrator, as it was impossible to log ______ the
server.
7. Goods ordered _____ postal mail are likely to be damaged or broken.

1. a cookie – spying A. general and specific
2. trace –track B. cause and effect
3. mail – postal mail C. contrast
4. virtual – real D. equivalence
5. a post – a site E. part and whole
6. cookie - tracking F. method and purpose
7. www – site
82
Activity 8. Decode Noam Chomsky’s saying about the Internet and comment on it:
diagram below:
emoticon – meme
blog – site
Wikipedia - encyclopedia
log- blog
www – the Internet – cyberspace
avatar – icon
83
1. bookmark
2. FAQ
3. e-mail
4. password
5. status
6. thread
7. account
Activity 11. Outline the major advantages and/or disadvantages of:
Concept Advantages Disadvantages

1. cookie
2. geotagging
3. navigator
4. spam
5. avatar
6. crowdfunding
7. Wikipedia
Activity 12. Name at least 3 reasons why people should/shouldn’t have an

anonymous avatar.
Activity 13. Say which accounts you have got on the Internet. What is the purpose
of each account? How often do you use it?
84
Activity 14. Add to Wikipedia a page describing national clothes, a national
musical instrument or the national cuisine (min. 500 words). Report on your
contribution, demonstrate the results.
Activity 15. Do a mini research and prepare a short report about famous
blogs/bloggers.
TEST
1 Mark the odd word: a) block b) permit c) give access d) allow

2 Alexandria is _________ by a network of railway and telegraph lines to the
other towns of Egypt. a) linked b) linking c) linkage d) links
3 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “virtual – real”:
d) contrast
4 All of these are synonymous to the word “link” EXCEPT FOR:
a) tie b) connection c) cross-reference d) thread
5 E-mail and spam differ mostly by their ___.
a) size b) time of delivery c) purpose d) medium of delivery
6 A location connected to the Internet that maintains one or more web pages
is known as a ___. a) blog b) cookie c) site d) link
7 What is the logical relationship between “a blog” and “an online journal”:
a) general – specific b) method – purpose c) part – whole d) equivalence
8 What is the logical relationship between “mail” and “postal mail”:
9 A blog and a forum differ mostly by their:
a) purpose b) number of authors c) location d) topic
10 Everybody can contribute ___ Wikipedia.
a) with b) in c) to d) for
11 A movable icon representing a person in cyberspace is known as a (n) ___.
a) avatar b) meme c) emoticon d) smiley
12 Computers account ____ 5% of the country's commercial electricity
consumption.
a) with b) in c) for d) on
13 Mark the odd word:
a) account b) accountability c) accountant d) accountable
14 _________ TV is gaining more and more popularity.
a) stream b) streaming c) streamer d) streamed
15 Which of the following concepts denotes physical connection:
a) www b) landline c) the Internet d) cyberspace
16 Maintaining a site with regular entries of commentary, descriptions of
events, or other material is called ____. a) browsing b) blogging c) chatting
d) feeding
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17 The programmer successfully ____ some of software bugs.
a) traceless b) traced c) tracing d) trace
18 All of these deal with “data rate” EXCEPT FOR:
a) bandwidth b) clickbaiting c) throughput d) data transfer capacity
19 All of these collocate with the noun “crowdfunding” EXCEPT FOR:
a) succeed in b) allocate c) raise money through d) try
20 All of these collocate with the noun “password” EXCEPT FOR:
a) ageing b) stalking c) generation d) authentication
86
Module 7. CYBER CRIME

1 Bootlegger (n) a person engaged in bootlegging (n); bootlegged
illegal copying of (adj);
software; an illegally syn. pirate, piracy
copied software
2 Breach (n) an act of breaking or a ~ of law/contract/policy/code
failing to observe a of conduct; do sth in ~ of sth;
law, agreement, or syn. violation, infringement
code of conduct;
disclosure of sensitive
information to an
unauthorized outsider
3 Combat (v) fight against sth; ~ piracy/computer crime;
oppose sth vigorously syn. fight sth, struggle with sth
4 Commit (v) do; perform; dedicate ~ a(n) crime/murder/error/
oneself to sth suicide; ~ oneself to sth; ~ sth
to memory/ prison; committed
(adj): ~
to a cause/principles/idea/doing
sth; a ~ employee/worker;
commitment (n):
show/demonstrate/make no ~;
5 Comply (v) meet specified ~ with the
standards; act in rules/regulations/law/
accordance with a standards; (non-)compliance
wish or command (n); (non-)compliant (adj);
syn. conform to/with, abide by
6 Copyright (n) the exclusive right secure/protect/ infringe on/
given by law to an violate the ~; ~ law/holder;
author to print, copyrighted (adj),
publish, and sell copies copyrighter (n);
of his/her original copywriting (n)
work ant. copyleft
7 Crack (v) break or cause to break ~ a joke/code/message; a tough
sth open or apart; find nut to ~, ~ down on criminals;
a solution to sth; crack (n): a ~ dealer/seller;
decipher or interpret crack (n): a tiny/narrow ~,
sth; break a security cracking (n), cracker (n): a
system illegally black-hat ~;
syn. break, decipher, hack
87
8 Crime (n) illegal activity commit/prevent/report/fight (a)
punishable by law ~; punish sb for a ~; ~
rate/incidence; a victim of ~;
petty/serious/violent/ organized
~; criminal (adj), criminally
(adv), criminality (n),
incriminate (v),
incrimination (n);
syn. felony, wrongdoing
9 Cyberbullying (n) repeatedly harming or be subject to~; fall/become a
harassing other people victim of ~;
online in a deliberate syn. cyberstalking, trolling
manner
10 Cybercide (n) the deletion of an be prone to/commit ~; an act
individual's entire of ~;
online presences (the Cf. suicide, genocide, ecocide
removal of all social
media profiles, shared
photos, blog posts,
directory entries and
so on)
11 Cyberslacking (n) using company indulge in/engage in/combat ~;
computer for personal cyberslacker (n);
purposes during syn. cyberloafer, cyberloafing
working hours
(playing games,
shopping online or
using social
networking sites)
12 Cybersquatting purchasing a domain engage in/be (get) involved in
(n) name that contains a /combat/eliminate ~
well-known trademark
or commercial name to
sell it to the rightful
owner for profit
13 Data diddling (n) modifying data for fun engage in/be (get) caught ~;
and profit, e.g. data diddler (n)
modifying grades,
changing credit
ratings, fixing salaries,
or circumventing
book-keeping and
audit regulations
14 Disseminate (n) scatter or spread ~
88
widely, promulgate information/viruses/knowledge/
extensively; broadcast; ideas/news; dissemination (n);
disperse syn. spread, propagate,
promulgate
15 Filter (v) remove undesirable ~ a list of customers/incoming
data by sifting e-mail/traffic;
syn. sift away
16 Flooding (n) an overflow of a large engage
amount of water in/suspect/combat/protect
beyond its normal against ~; flood (v), flooded
limits; providing more (adj), flooding (n);
input than the entity Cf. mailbombing, packet
can process properly monkey
17 Fraud (n) manipulation of data a ~ scheme;
for criminal purposes, control/commit/suspect/
e.g. changing banking combat/ protect against ~; in
records to illegally case of ~; fraudulence (n),
transfer money to an fraudulent (adj), fraudulently
account (adv), fraudster (n)
syn. cheating, swindling
18 Hacker (n) someone who secretly speed/teleport/ethical ~;
uses or changes the hack (v), back-hack (v);
information in other syn. cracker
people's computer
systems
19 Identity theft (n) creating a false commit an ~; protect from ~;
identity using sb else’s accuse sb of ~
identifying
information to make
new credit cards or
take loans
20 Intruder (n) the one who puts network/computer/impudent ~;
oneself deliberately attack/alert an ~; intrude (v),
into a place or (un)intrusive (adj), intrusion
situation where one is (n);
unwelcome or syn. invader, trespasser
uninvited
21 Jacking (n) taking sth in a manner click/hi/page-~;
forbidden by law, engage in/be (get) involved
rules, or custom in/suspect/combat/protect
against ~; create a click-~ site;
jack in (v); jacker (n):
hi/click/page-~;
syn. stealing
89
Cf. identity theft
22 Keylogging (n) installing a program suspect/engage
on a victim's machine in/combat/protect against/suffer
that records every from ~; keylogger (n)
keystroke made by a
user for stealing login
and password details
23 Mousetrapping forcing an Internet engage
(n) user to stay on a in/suspect/combat/protect
particular website by against ~
triggering a mouse trap
24 Packet monkey sb who intentionally Cf. flooding
(n) floods a network
server or router with
data packets in order to
make it unreachable by
others
25 Phracking (n) a combination of engage
phreaking with in/suspect/combat/protect
computer hacking against ~; phracker (n)
26 Phreaking (n) hacking telephone engage in/suspect of
systems, usually for /combat/protect against ~;
the purpose of making freaker (n)
free phone calls
27 Piggybacking (n) gaining unauthorized engage in/be (get) involved
access to a computer in/be caught ~; a piggyback
system via another
user's legitimate
connection
28 Piracy (n) the act of illegally computer/software ~; act of ~;
copying software, engage
music, or movies that in/suspect/combat/commit/
are copyright- protect against ~; anti-piracy
protected (n): ~ law/measures; pirate (n),
pirated (adj);
syn. bootlegging
29 Pharming (n) misdirecting traffic
from one website to a engage in/be (get) involved in/
website controlled by a suspect/combat/commit/protect
criminal hacker by against ~; pharmer (n)
altering the domain
name system or
configuration files on a
victim’s computer
90
30 Phishing (n) sending e-mails or engage in/be involved in/be
creating web pages caught ~; phisher (n)
that are designed to
collect confidential
information for
penetration, financial
fraud or identity theft
31 Repudiation (n) rejection of ~ of a law/contract/policy/idea/
a proposal or idea; principle; (n); repudiate (v);
refusal to fulfill or syn. reject, renounce
discharge an ant. non-repudiation
agreement,
obligation, or debt
32 Salami theft stealing tiny amounts engage in/be (get) involved
/slicing (n) of money from each in/be (get) caught (in) ~
transaction
33 Scavenging (n) looking through engage in/be (get) involved
discarded listings, in/be (get) caught ~;
tapes, or other syn. dumpster diving
information storage
media for useful
information such as
access codes,
passwords, or sensitive
data
34 Spoofing (n) deceiving a system IP ~; engage in/be (get)
into thinking you are involved in/be (get) caught ~;
someone you really are spoofer (n)
not to bypass security
measures
35 Steal (v) take sb’s property ~ sth from sb; stolen (adj),
without permission or stealth (n), stealthy (adj),
legal right and without
stealthily (adv);
intending to return itsyn. theft (n)
Cf. thief
36 Trojan Horse (n) an innocent-looking download/detect/neutralize a ~;
program that has Cf. Easter egg, time bomb,
undocumented harmful zombie
functions
37 Trolling (n) an anti-social act of go ~; engage
causing an in/prevent/tackle/stop (an act
interpersonal of)/suffer from/reduce the risk
conflict and of ~; troll (v);
controversy syn. cyberbullying
91
online, purposely
sowing
hatred, bigotry, racism,
etc.
38 Virus (n) a computer program download/detect/neutralize/spre
designed to replicate ad/disseminate a ~;
and spread itself from Cf. bot, zombie
one machine to
another by human
action
39 Wiretapping (n) the interception of engage in/detect/be (get)
electronic caught/protect against/from ~
communications in
order to access
information
40 Worm (n) a program which install/download/detect/neutrali
spreads through a ze/ spread/disseminate a ~
computer system or
network by replicating
itself without human
action(like a virus) but
without integrating
itself into its
executable code
1. Kabay M. E., Glossary of computer crime terms. [Online]. Available:

http://www.mekabay.com/overviews/glossary.pdf [Accessed: 13 Oct. 2015]
2. Ward M., Hi-tech crime: A glossary. BBC news. [Online]. Available:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk/5400052.stm [Accessed: Oct. 14, 2015]
3. The Dictionary. Netlingo. [Online]. Available: http://www.netlingo.com
[Accessed: 15 Oct. 2015]
ACTIVITIES
1. bootlegger
2. combat
3. committed to sth
4. breach
5. stealth
6. cyberslacking
7. filter
92
1. compliant
2. repudiation
3. violation
4.conformity
5. copyright
6. piracy
7. black-hat cracker

commit
intruder
criminal
steal
fraudulently
flood
(non-) compliant
fraud
a worm/virus
93
commit a(n)
spoofing
comply with a
1. stealing, jacking A. modifying data for fun and profit

2. keylogging B. using company resources for personal reasons
during working hours
3. mousetrapping C. taking sth in a manner forbidden by law, rules, or
custom
4. phreaking D. forcing an Internet user to stay on a particular
website
5. data diddling E. hacking telephone systems, usually for the purpose
of making free phone calls
6. pharming F. recording every keystroke that a user makes for
stealing login and password details
7.cyberslacking G. misdirecting traffic from one Website to a Website
controlled by a criminal hacker
8. spoofing H. deceiving a system into thinking you are someone
you really are not
1. Because such publications do not conform ___ any standardized rules, this
information is not computer readable.
94
2. It must be terrible to be subject ___ cyberbullying.
3. We never thought him to be prone ___ suicide.
4. She went to the shop where she was diddled ___ ___ £15 when buying a pair of
flip-flops.
5. He regarded it as an infringement ___ his privacy.
6. I would not imagine him acting ___breach of law.
7. The companies would have to comply ___ the new safety standards and
procedures.

1. bootlegging – piracy A. general and specific
2. phracking – cracking B. cause and effect
3. spoofing – identity theft C. contrast
4. stealing – salami slicing D. method and purpose
5. worm – virus E. part and whole
6. cyberslacking – loss of productivity F. equivalence
7. firewall – malware protection
Activity 8. Decode a Jewish proverb about crime and comment on it:
diagram below:
stealing vs jacking
phracking vs phreaking
hijacking - page-jacking - click-jacking
keylogging – mouse-trapping
malware – grayware
95
fraud – theft
hacker – cracker
Activity 10. Name at least 2 kinds of crime that involve:

1. violation of social norms
2. telephone calls
3. copyright violations
4. misdirecting or impeding traffic
5. stealing confidential data
6. identity theft
Activity 11. Arrange the computer crimes in the ascending order of the difficulty of
committing them.
Activity 12. What kind of crime you might be a victim to if:

1. Your telephone/Internet bills have risen significantly.
2. Your account information has changed.
3. You receive threats and insults on the net.
4. The money in your bank account has disappeared.
5. You receive a lot of unwanted e-mails.
6. Your copyright is violated.
7. You can’t leave an Internet page.
Activity 13. Describe an instance of your suffering from an Internet crime.
Activity 14. What could you do not to fall prey to Internet criminals (name at least
3 measures).
96
Activity 15. Do a mini-research and add to the above list more recent types of
computer crime.
TEST
1 Mark the odd word: a) oppose b) combat c) fight d) struggle
2 All of these may be committed EXCEPT FOR:
a) crime b) a mistake c) a murder d) suicide
3 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “breach - compliance
”: a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and purpose
d) contrast
4 A hacker and a cracker differ mostly in the ___ of their activity.
a) method b) purpose c) nature d) location
5 Which of these is synonymous to the word “cyberbullying”:
a) cyberslacking b) cyberstalking c) cybersquatting d) cyberloafing
6 Modifying data for fun and profit is known as ___.
a) phishing b) spoofing c) data diddling d) phreaking
7 One can filter any of these EXCEPT FOR:
a) fraud b) a list of customers c) incoming e-mail d) traffic
8 What is the logical relationship between “malware” and “a virus”:
9 Names of all crimes that consist in taking sth in a manner forbidden by law,
rules, or custom contain the root ___. a) cide b) jack c) tap d) cyber
10 Choose the correct preposition: Anyone subject ___ cybercrime should be
protected by law. a) of b) in c) to d) with
11 The words “trolling”, “cyberbullying”, “cyberstalking” relate to:
a) ill-treatment of people online
b) loss of confidential information
c) stealing sb’s property
d) deceiving people
12 The concepts of “keylogging”, “mousetrapping”, “pharming” relate to all of
these EXCEPT FOR:
a) manipulation of people
c) blackmailing
d) deceiving people
13 The words “hijacking”, “pagejacking”, “clickjacking” relate to:
a) loss of confidential information
b) illegal takeover
c) stealing sb’s property
d) deceiving people
14 The words “piracy”, “bootlegging”, “copyright” relate to:
a) ill-treatment of people online
97
c) stealing sb’s intellectual property
d) deceiving people
15 All of these are synonymous to the word “disseminate ” EXCEPT FOR:
a) promote b) spread c) propagate d) promulgate
16 Purchasing a domain name that contains a well-known trademark or
commercial name to sell it to the rightful owner for a big profit is known as
___.
a) cyberslacking b) cybersquatting c) cybercide d) cyberbullying
17 He is a convicted credit-card ___.
a) fraudster b) fraud c) fraudulent d) fraudulence
18 All of these collocate with the noun “worm” EXCEPT FOR:
a) install b) commit c) download d) detect
19 The difference between “copyright” and “copyleft” concerns mostly
the authors’ ___ (their) work. a) income from b) manner of c) method of
d) interest in
20 A blackhat and a whitehat differ mostly in the ___.
a) color b) size c) shape d) purpose
98
Module 8. CYBER SECURITY

1 Attack (n) an attempt to gain a(n) violent/aggressive/active/
unauthorized access passive/ inside/outside/spoofing
to system services, ~; come under ~; be open to/
resources, or launch an ~;
information, or to syn. penetration, intrusion
compromise system
integrity
2 Authenticate prove or show sth to ~ a document/identity;
(v) be true, genuine, or authentication (n): certificate-
valid; confirm the based/biometric ~;
correctness of the authenticity (n);
claimed identity syn. verify, validate, confirm
Cf. authorize
3 Authorize (v) grant a right or a ~ sb to do sth; be ~ed to do sth;
permission to a authorization (n):
system entity to obtain/sign/present ~; authorized
access a system (adj): an ~ payment/dealer;
resource authority (n): have/exercise ~
over sth/sb; delegate ~ to sb;
syn. entitle
Cf. authenticate
4 Back door (adj) a feature or a defect leave/activate a ~ to a computer;
of a computer system open a ~ to hackers;
that allows secret syn. trap door
unauthorized access
to data
5 Certificate (n) an official document issue/renew/revoke/
recognizing sb as grant/get/obtain a ~; ~
possessing certain renewal/revocation; certify (v);
qualifications or certified (adj): a ~ CISCO
meeting certain programmer/accountant/
standards instructor; certification (n): ~
authority/procedure
syn. accredit, qualify
6 Cipher (n) sth written in a code; ~ text/mode/key; write sth in ~;
a cryptographic (de)cipher (v), (de)ciphered
algorithm (adj): a ~ message
syn. code, encrypt
7 Classified (adj) sth or sb arranged in a ~ document/information/
99
categories according advertisement; be ~ according to
to shared qualities or into some categories;
characteristics; sth classify (v): ~ sb/sth into …
categorized as according to…; classification
officially secret, (n): ~ level/type/category;
access to which syn. categorize
requires authorization ant. declassified, unclassified
8 Code (n) a system of symbols write/crack a ~; ~
used to represent string/generator/
information in the inspection/length/point;
form other than the source/malicious/machine/ASCII
original one ~;
decode (v), encode (v);
syn. cipher, cryptogram
9 Compromise reach an agreement ~ a system/data/security/one’s
(v) or settlement of a principles; ~ on sth; compromise
dispute by each side (n): reach a ~; (un)compromised
making concessions; (adj);
cause to become syn. undermine, weaken,
vulnerable or concession
function less
effectively
10 Confidential information to be ~ information/service/details/
(adj) disclosed only to performance check; keep sth ~;
those authorized to on a ~ basis; divulge ~
view it information; confidentiality (n):
~ agreement, breach of ~, total ~,
under the terms of ~,
guarantee/request ~;
confidentially (adv);
syn. private, personal, secret,
sensitive, classified
ant. open, public
11 Corruption (n) dishonest or expose/root out ~; allegation of
fraudulent conduct by ~; prevent accidental data ~; lead
those in power, to/cause data ~; rotten with ~;
typically involving corrupt/ed (adj);
bribery; degradation ant. integrity
of a computer Cf. bribery
database or program
by alteration or the
introduction of errors
12 Dedicated (adj) devoted to a task or be ~ to a career/cause/team;
purpose; exclusively a ~ channel/security mode/link/
100
allocated to or terminal/web page/graphics/card/
intended for a employee/LAN /line; dedicate
particular purpose; a (v): ~ oneself to sth/sb; ~ sth to
mode of IS operation, sb; dedication (n);
wherein all users are syn: committed, exclusive,
authorized to access allocated
all data handled by
the system
13 Deny (v) refuse to give sth ~ access/the existence of
requested or desired sth/evidence/a law/a privilege/a
to sb; refuse to admit claim; ~ sb the right to sth; ~
the truth or existence oneself the pleasure of sth/doing
of sth sth; ~ that…; denial (n): ~ of
service/access;
(un)deniable (adj);
syn: reject, decline
14 Encrypt (v) convert (information ~ information/data/a password/a
or data) into a code, message; cryptography (n),
especially to prevent (un)encrypted (adj);encryption
unauthorized access (n): ~ standards/code;
syn. code, cypher
ant. decrypt, decode
15 Expire (v) (of a document, license/contract/term/authorizati
authorization, or on ~s on/ at …; expiry (n): ~
agreement) reach the date; upon/before/after ~; best
end of the validity before ~;
period expiration (n), expired (adj)
16 Expose (v) make sth visible by ~ sb to
uncovering it; release danger/risk/treatment/injury; ~
sensitive data to an the nature/flaw/defect of sth;
unauthorized entity exposed (adj): ~ to culture/best
(as a result of theft, practices; ~ and vulnerable;
wiretapping, etc.), exposure (n):
cause someone to be deliberate/unintentional ~;
vulnerable or at risk syn. endanger, imperil,
jeopardize sb/sth;
familiarize/acquaint sb with sth
17 Detect (v) discover or identify ~ (a/n)
the presence or intrusion/virus/attempt/cancer
existence of sth /crime/changes/trend;
detector (n): fire ~; detective (n);
syn. become aware/conscious of,
perceive
18 Digital (adj) relating to, using, or ~
101
storing data or certificate/signal/age/map/assista
information in the nt/
form of signals TV/generation/technology/revolu
expressed as series oftion/
the digits 0 and 1 recording/cassette/copier/image;
digitize (v); digit (n);
syn. computerized
ant. analogue
19 Disrupt (v) interrupt or prevent ~ the
the correct operation workflow/operations/activities/
of system services a(n)
and functions application/mechanism/process/
system/production/plans;
disruption (n), disruptive (adj);
syn. discontinue, interfere
20 Fail (v) be unsuccessful in ~ to qualify/to meet the
achieving one’s goal; standards/to do sth; ~ in one’s
cease to work attempt to do sth /an exam; a ~-
properly; break down safe mode; a ~ grade; ~;
failure (n): ~ control; control ~;
be doomed to ~;
syn. breakdown, malfunction, go
wrong;
ant. succeed
21 Filter (n) a piece of software ~ out/through sth;
that processes data ~ a system/a message/traffic/
before passing it to information/calls; filter (n):
another application, water/oil/software/removable ~;
for example by install a ~; ~ capability
reformatting syn. sift, purify
characters or
removing unwanted
types of material
22 Firewall (n) either a hardware install/construct/bypass a ~;
program or a feature monitor computers and networks
intended to filter through a ~; invest in a software
incoming and ~; up-to-date/outdated/personal
outbound traffic ~; voice ~;
syn: security, gateway
23 Identity (n) the characteristics ~ card;
determining who or personal/mistaken/group/corpora
what a person or te/ racial/social/ethnic/national ~;
thing is identify (v): ~ sb (oneself) with
sth/sb; identifier (n);
102
identification (n);
syn. selfhood
24 Integrity (n) the quality of being a man of ~; data/database ~
honest and having check; check sth for ~;
strong moral structural/moral/territorial ~;
principles; the state ensure/preserve ~; integral (adj),
of being undivided; (dis)integrated (adj);
internal consistency syn. soundness, wholeness,
or lack of corruption solidity
in electronic data
25 Intrude (v) enter with a ~ on sb’s privacy/into sb’s
disruptive or adverse private life;
effect; intruder (n), intrusion (n): defend
gain access to sth against ~;
sensitive data without syn. encroach, infringe on,
authorization by invade, disrupt
circumventing a Cf: trespassing, penetration,
system's security reverse engineering
protection
26 Log in/on (v) gain access to a ~ to one’s
session to use system computer/account/network;
resources usually by login (n): type the ~; a ~
providing a user command file;
name and password log (n): keep a ~ of sth; a
to an access control logbook (n);
system ant. log off/out
27 Password (n) a secret word or type/enter/change/require/supply
phrase used to gain / know/forget the ~; ~ protection;
admission to a place; be protected by a ~; a(n)
a string of characters (in)valid ~
that allows access to
a computer, interface,
or system
28 Penetrate (v) go into or through sth ~ the market/into a system/sb’s
especially with force words;
or effort; gain penetration(n): high/deep ~; ~
unauthorized access level; (im)penetrable (adj): ~
to sensitive data by barrier/network;
circumventing a syn. infiltrate, invade
system's protections
29 Privacy (n) the state of being free loss/guarantee of ~;
from public attention; invade/protect ~;
the right of a person ~ concerns/issues/policy/setting;
to determine the for ~ reasons/considerations/
103
degree to which s/he protection;
will share private (adj): a ~ network
information about syn: confidentiality
him/herself with ant. publicity, public
others
30 Proprietary sth owned by an ~
(adj) individual or a information/brand/rights/interest
company, which s/ name /OS/database/software/
needs to be licensed system/features; proprietorship
from the owner (n);
before it can be used ant. open, public/generic (brand)
31 Rely (v) depend on sb/sth ~ on/upon sb/sth;
with full trust or (un)reliable (adj), (un)reliability
confidence (n);
syn. be confident of; depend on,
trust
32 Risk (n) exposure to danger, ~-averse/aversion; the ~ factor;
the possibility that pose a ~; run/take the ~ of; a
something unpleasant security ~; a ~ to safety; ~taker;
or unwelcome will risky (adj), riskiness (n);
happen syn. insecurity,
33 Safety (n) the condition of cyber/public ~ ;
being protected from assure/jeopardize sb’s ~; ~
or unlikely to cause barriers/precautions;
danger, risk, or injury safe (adj): stay ~ on the Internet,
be ~ for sb/from sth; safely
(adv);
syn. security
ant. insecurity
34 Scan (v) look quickly but not ~ for/through/into the computer;
very thoroughly ~ data/information/library/the
through sth; contents/pages/headings; scan
convert a document (n): a quick ~ of sth;
or picture into digital scanner (n):
form; check manually optical/ultrasound/color/ desktop
or automatically for ~; buy/test/run the ~
viruses and malware
35 Secret (n) not known or seen or guard/keep/divulge a ~; a(n)
not meant to be open/state/commercial/military
known or seen by ~; meet in ~; secretive (adj): be ~
others about sth
syn. cryptic, confidential,
classified
36 Secure (adj) protected against ~ connection/transaction; ~
104
attack or other against/from sth;
criminal activity security (n) : ~ policy/update/
environment/mechanism/service/
protocol/level; social/data ~;
ensure/ compromise/undermine
~;
ant. insecure, insecurity
37 Sensitive (adj) quick to detect or ~ to criticism/other people’s
respond to slight feelings/about sth; ~
changes, signals, or information/issue/test/equipment
influences; kept /area;
secret or with sense (n), (in)sensitivity (n);
restrictions on ant. insensitive
disclosure to avoid
endangering security
38 Threat (n) a person or thing pose/constitute/cause/carry
likely to cause out/fulfill/face a ~;
damage or danger, a security/major/hidden ~; a ~ to
potential for violation
public safety; under the ~ of sth;
of security or threaten (v), threatening (adj);
inflicting harm syn. jeopardy, menace
39 Valid (adj) legally or officially ~ contract/license/password/visa;
acceptable or (in)validity (n), (in)validate (v),
binding; in legal (in)validation (n);
force syn. effective
ant. invalid, ineffective
40 Vulnerability a flaw or weakness in degree of ~; exploit/identify/fix a
(n) a system that could ~ on a system; in/vulnerable
be exploited to (adj): ~ group/position/to
violate the system's criticism; emotionally/feel ~;
security policy ant. immune, immunity
1. R. Shirey, Internet security glossary, GTE/BBN Technologies, May 2000.

[Online]. Available: https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2828.txt [Accessed: 15 Oct.
2015]
2. British National Corpus. [Online] Available. [Accessed: 15 Oct. 2015]
3. Oxford dictionaries. Oxford University Press. [Online]. Available:
http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/cipher?q=cypher
[Accessed: 16 Oct. 2015]
4. A glossary of common cybersecurity terminology, NICCS. [Online].
Available: http://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary [Accessed: 15 Oct. 2015]
ACTIVITIES
105
1. authenticate
2. authorize
3. compromise
4. deny
5. endanger
6. disrupt
7. intrude
1. encrypt
2. code
3. admit
4. vulnerable
5. confidential
6. succeed
7. cipher
8. proprietary

confide
undeniably
validity
safe
detect
digital
penetration
a certificate
106
a firewall
confidential
code
dedicated
deny
107
1. back door A. disclose confidential information
2. divulge B. a feature or defect of a computer system that allows
secret unauthorized access to data
3. deny C. sth categorized as officially secret, access to which
requires authorization
4. classified D. internal consistency or lack of corruption in electronic
data
5. integrity E. refuse to admit the truth or existence of sth
6. threat F. owned by an individual or a company, which needs to be
licensed from the owner before it can be used
7. proprietary G. a person or thing likely to cause damage or danger
1. I have never come ___ such an aggressive attack before.

2. Medicines should not be used ___ expiry.
3. Travelling abroad one gets exposed ___ various cultures.
4. These efforts are doomed ___ failure.
5. The disc has not been checked ___ integrity.
6. I would hate to intrude ___ his privacy.
7. She didn’t post the information ___ privacy reasons.
8. You can surely rely ___ me.
9. Could you scan the document ___ the computer?
Concepts Logical relationship

1. authorize-authenticate A. general and specific
2. firewall – security B. cause and effect
3. deny – admit C. contrast
4. scan – digitize D. method and purpose
5. character – password E. part and whole
6. filter - firewall
F. equivalence
7. integrity – corruption
Activity 8. Decode Bruce Schneier’s saying about computer security and comment
on it:
108
diagram below:
1. disclosing – divulging information

2. certificate – license
3. confidential – classified information
4. password – login – pin code
5. data integrity – academic integrity
6. safety – security
Activity 10. Say what/who can be… and how:
1. secured
109
2. corrupted
3. certified
4. dedicated
5. in/validated
Activity 11. Say what the following is used/done for:
1. authentication
2. authorization
3. encryption
4. back door
5. invalidation
6. coding
7. fail-safe
mode
Activity 12. Analyze the reliability of a) passwords; b) firewalls c) licenses.
Activity 13. Do a mini-research and enumerate the computer security measures a)

on the part of the user b) on the part of a programmer. Evaluate their reliability.
Activity 14. Describe your personal computer vulnerabilities.
Activity 15. Write a story of mistaken identity.
TEST
1 All of these are synonymous to the word “authenticate” EXCEPT FOR:

a) verify b) authorize c) validate d) confirm
2 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “firewall – security”:
d) part and whole
3 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “deny – admit”:
a) general and specific b) contrast c) method and purpose d) part and
whole
4 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “filter – firewall”:
a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) equivalence d) part and
whole
5 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “character –
password”:
a) general and specific b) contrast c) method and purpose d) part and
whole
6 Which of these is a correct antonym to the adjective “penetrable”:
110
a) unpenetrable b) inpenetrable c) impenetrable d) non-penetrable
7 All of these mean “cause to become vulnerable or function less
effectively” EXCEPT FOR: a) compromise b) secure c) penetrate
d) expose
8 Mark the odd word: a) compromise b) corrupt c) disrupt d) detect
9 Official recognition of sb as possessing certain qualifications or meeting
certain standards is referred to as ___.
a) authentication b) certification c) authorization d) verification
10 Mark the odd word: a) cipher b) code c) encrypt d) decrypt
11 Which of these is antonymous to “confidential”:
a) sensitive b) public c) classified d) proprietary
12 All of these collocate with the adjective “dedicated” EXCEPT FOR:
a) network b) channel c) link d) line
13 Choose the correct preposition: While studying abroad one gets exposed
___ the risks of cross-cultural misunderstanding. a) for b) to c) at d) by
14 Hackers try to ___ firewalls. a) install b) construct c) bypass d) set up
15 All of these are synonymous to the verb “expose” EXCEPT FOR:
a) endanger b) imperil c) peril d) jeopardize
16 The project is doomed ___ failure. a) for b) to c) – d) from
17 One can deny all of these EXCEPT FOR:
a) sb’s right to sth b) access b) a service c) some evidence d) an invitation
18 When scanning images ___ the computer, you digitize them
a) on b) in c) into d) to
19 Information categorized as officially secret, access to which requires
authorization, is referred to as ___. a) confidential b) classified c) sensitive
d) encrypted
20 Try not to intrude ___ people’s privacy in social networks.
a) — b) on c) at d) into
111
Module 9. TRENDS IN IT

1 Accelerate increase in rate, amount, ~ (a)
(v) or extent; begin to move process/development/tempo/
more quickly changes/reforms/growth;
accelerated (adj), acceleration
(n); accelerometer (n);
syn. quicken
ant. decelerate
2 Ad hoc (adj) created or done for a an ~ network/test/analysis/
particular purpose as approach/body/committee;
necessary resolve sth ~; do sth on an ~
basis; adhocracy (n)
3 Agile (adj) able to move or think ~ methods/methodology/
quickly and easily; project management/software
characterized by development
flexibility and agility (n); aglet (agile applet);
pragmatism, adjusting syn. adaptive, flexible
development to ant. waterfall
customer needs and
goals
4 Amplify (v) increase the volume, ~ (a/n)
amplitude of sth like a signal/music/effect/process/
sound, an electrical discussion; amplifier (n);
signal; make sth more amplification (n);
intense syn. enhance, augment;
ant. reduce, weaken
5 AI (abbr) a branch of computer theoretical(practical)
Artificial science that aims to aspects/area of ~; ~
Intelligence program computers for language/research/
reasoning, problem technology/program;
solving, learning, specialize in/study/develop ~;
planning, manipulating (un)intelligent (adj),
objects (un)intelligently (adv),
intelligentsia (n)
6 Asynchrono not existing or occurring ~ communication/media/compu
us (adj) at the same time; (of ting; ~ with sth;
computing processes) synchronize with (v),
that can start or stop asynchrony,
independently of other a/synchronously (adv);
processes, which ant. synchronous
maximizes computing
112
resources by utilizing
idle times
7 Beta test (n) the second (pre-release) launch/undergo/subject
phase of software to/stand/pass a ~; be on the ~;
testing in which a beta-testing (n);
sampling of the Cf. beta version
intended audience tries
the product out and
reports bugs back to the
developers
8 Best commercial or ensure/get exposed to/identify/
practices (n) professional proceduresuse/share/promulgate/adopt/gain
and standards that are an insight
globally accepted or into/implement/follow/ transfer
prescribed as being ~; industry/current ~;
correct or most effective
the latest and ~ of the profession;
the ~ of the 1990
Cf. Big Data, Machine Learning,
IoT, e-gov, e-commerce
9 Biometric using biometric traits ~ authentication/
(adj) (fingerprints, eye retina, verification/techniques/method/se
etc.) to verify users’ curity device; biometrical (adj):
claimed identities when approach/genetics/characteristics;
accessing devices, biometrics (n), biometrician (n);
networks, networked or bioinformatics (n)
Web applications syn. biometry
10 Breakthroug a sudden, dramatic, and a major/technological/conceptual
h (n) important discovery or / exciting/important/dramatic ~;
development achieve/make a ~; a ~ in sth
11 Bricks and business that existed ~ stores/practices;
clicks (n) pre-Internet which now syn. physical VS virtual
also uses the e- Cf. bricks and mortar
commerce selling
technology via the
Internet
12 Channel the practice of creating promote/enhance/contribute to
integration consistent messaging ~; (dis)integrated (adj);
(n) and utility across ant. disintegration
different
complementing
customer channels such
as radio, TV, printed
media, Internet, direct
mailing, call center
113
operations, making sure
that customers have the
same experience,
regardless of the
channel they use
13 Cloud (n) a public or semi-public ~ computing/storage/technology;
space for delivering private/public/hybrid ~
hosted data storage, computing services
encapsulation, Cf. in-house (storage)
translation and
transportation services
over the Internet
14 Cluster (n) a group of similar things a ~ of houses/stars /fruit, data
or people positioned or ~; cluster (v): ~ around (v),
occurring closely clustered (adj), clustering (n):
together; a group of use/apply application ~, ~ of
loosely coupled DB; software ~; clusterize (v),
computers that work clusterization;
together closely syn. bunch, knot
15 Cobot (n) a robot that has been create/design/operate a ~;
designed to work in cobotic (adj): a ~ device
collaboration with a
human, as a co-worker
would
16 Cutting-edge related to technological ~ technology/equipment;
(adj) devices, techniques or cutting edge (n): the ~ of
achievements that science/technology, etc.;
employ the most current become/gain a
and high-level IT sharper/lose/form/give
developments sb/lack/represent/be at/stay at the
~;
syn. state-of-the-art, leading edge
17 Innovate (v) make changes in sth failure/desire to ~; keep ~ing;
established, especially ~ competitively; innovation
by introducing new (n):
methods, ideas, or promote/support/introduce ~s;
products biotech/latest/breakthrough
~s; innovator (n), innovatory
(adj)
18 Knowledge facts, information, and ~ management/economy; ~
(n) skills base
acquired through (n), ~based
experience engineering/economy/
or education; the approach; knowledgeable (adj),
114
intellectual knowledgeability
assets of an enterprise, (n),acknowledge
system (v), acknowledgement (n)
19 Life hacker any trick, shortcut, skill, create/invent/design/be a ~;
(n) or novelty method that life-hacking (adj): a ~ device/
increases productivity method
and efficiency, solves
an everyday problem in
an inspired, ingenious
manner
20 Modify (v) make partial or minor ~ a program,/structure/design;
changes to sth modification (n), modified
(adj), modifier (n);
syn. change, adjust, adapt
21 Multi- (prf) related to more than ~-purpose/functional/media/
one, many mode/user; multiply (v),
multiple (adj), multiplicity (n),
multitasking (n)
22 Nano (n) denoting a factor of ~
10−9 (one billionth part technology/material/fiber/scale/
of sth), sth sub- particle/tube/second/bot
microscopical
23 Neural a computational model theoretical (practical)
network based on the structure aspects/area of ~; ~
and functions of research/technology/ program;
biological neural specialize in/study/develop ~;
networks artificial ~
24 Next- related to the future, ~ operational support system/
generation being in store solutions/computer
(adj)
25 Open source the original source code ~ software/protocol/project/
(n) in software engineering product/ initiative
which is made freely
available to the public
and may be
redistributed and
modified
26 Outsourcing using external sources IT/partial/total ~; use/resort to
(n) to provide service and ~; outsource (v): ~ services/
support operations facilities;
ant. insourcing
27 3-D printing an additive develop/introduce ~; the cost/
(n) manufacturing process opportunity/introduction of ~;
that builds layers to 3-D printer (n)
115
create a three-
dimensional solid object
from a digital model
28 4-D printing an additive develop/practice/introduce ~;
(n) manufacturing that the cost/opportunity/introduction
prints objects capable of of ~; 4-D printer (n)
transformation and, in
some cases, of self-
assembly
29 -proof (adj) never-failing, protected water/fool/bullet/sound/
from earthquake~;
Cf. water-resistant
30 Quantum a would-be develop/practice/introduce ~;
programmin programming, in which the cost/opportunity/introduction
g (n) calculations are based of ~;
on the behavior of ant. binary computer
particles at the sub- programming
atomic level, capable of
executing far more
millions of instructions
per second (MIPS) than
before because the data
units can exist in more
than one state at a time
31 Real-time a level of computer ~ decisions/technology/system/
(adj) responsiveness that a solutions/software/signal
user senses as processing
sufficiently immediate, ant. virtual time
occurring in actual time
32 R&D (abbr) (related to) researching ~ department/organization/
Research and and developing new budget allocation
Development products or technologies
33 Recognition software ability to voice/speech/face/gesture/optic
(n) digitize real-life visualal character ~;
information recognize (v), (ir)recognizable
(adj)
34 Remote (adj) distant; in computing: ~ from sth; ~ control/access/
about a device which terminal/ location/area/
can only be accessed via administration tool/alarm
a network sensor;
remoteness (n), remotely (adv)
syn. distant
ant. nearby, local
35 Robot (n) a machine capable of build/construct/design/create/
116
carrying out a complex control a ~;
series of actions interactive/industrial ~; ~
automatically, control;
especially one robotic (adj): ~ industry/
programmable by a movement/mechanism/
computer precision/system; robotics (n):
law of ~; ~ technology;
robotize (v)
Cf. cobot
36 Smart (adj) having or showing a look ~; a ~ device/phone/home/
quick-witted city/Aleck; smartly (adv),
intelligence; any type of smartness (n);
equipment, instrument, syn. intelligent
or machine that is ant. dumb
programmed to be
capable of some
independent action
37 Social media a catch-all term for a use/support/develop/invent ~;
(n, pl.) variety of Internet medium (n, sing): ~ of
applications that allow exchange/instruction; provide a
users to create content ~ for sth; mediate (v),
and interact with each intermediate (adj),
other by sharing and intermediary (n)
commenting on links, syn. civic media
photos, videos and Cf. SMM (social media
posting public updates, marketing)
etc.
38 Tele- (prf) far off; to or at a ~vision/phone/transportation/
distance kinesis/commuting/communicati
on/ marketing
syn. remote, distant
39 Tolerant (of a plant, animal, or failure/fault~; ~ of pollution/high
(adj) machine) able to endure temperature; fault~ data
specified conditions or protection/technology;
treatment toleration (n), (in)tolerance (n),
(in)tolerantly (adv);
ant. intolerant
40 Viral (adj, n) (of an image, video, a ~ advertising
piece of information, campaign/marketing; go ~; viral
etc.) circulated rapidly (n): the rise of ~s;
and widely from one virally (adv)
Internet user to another
117
1. Technology dictionary, Technopedia. Available:
http://www.techopedia.com/definition [Accessed: 20 Oct. 2015]
2. Computer glossary, Techtarget dictionary and encyclopedia. [Online]. Available:
http://bnc.bl.uk/saraWeb.php?qy=best+practices&mysubmit=Go [Accessed: 24 Oct.
2015]
3. Online tech dictionary for IT professionals, IT Business Edge. [Online]. Available:
http://www.webopedia.com/ [Accessed: 22 Oct. 2015]
ACTIVITIES
Activity 1. Give synonyms and/or antonyms:
1. quantum programming
2. agile
3. accelerate
4. synchronous
5. integrated
6. real time
7. remote
8. tolerant

multiple
modify
recognition
in/tolerantly
amplify
intelligent
robot
Noun Target vocabulary unit
-proof
118
nano-
remote
tele-
1. waterfall A. a business management and corporate culture model

based on the ability to adapt quickly to changing conditions
2. insourcing B. the underlying set of facts, assumptions, and rules which
a computer system has available to solve a problem
3. adhocracy C. characterized by sequential stages and a fixed plan of
work
4. knowledge D. separating the IS department from the enterprise, usually
base as a business unit measured by its own profit and loss
5. tolerant E. circulated rapidly and widely from one Internet user to
another
6. viral F. able to endure specified conditions or treatment
7 7. agile G. characterized by flexibility and pragmatism, adjusting
development to customer needs and goals
119
Activity 5. Fill in the blanks with the words “-tolerant”, “-proof”, “multi-“,
“tele-“”-free”
1. It will be a wrist-watch shaped device that permits instantaneous ___ portation to

the zones where the keys are hidden.
2. ___ sensory devices are now trending.
3. I'm going to seal off the back of the car with a sheet of sound- ___ glass.
4. This set of computer equipment has a water- ___ box for a printer.
5. The device is not at all fault-___
6. They are very well designed and totally bug-___.
7. He had never favored ___ pathy as a means of communication.
8. The receiver is quite fool-___ and generally consists of a few basic components.
1. These teacher-student interactions are asynchronous, ____ each other.

2. The invention of fiber-optic communication was a major breakthrough ___ the
field of computing.
3. We should make the world more tolerant ___people with physical and intellectual
disabilities 4. While studying in the US one gets exposed ___ the best practices in the
computer industry.
5. The 750 series SSDs were ___ the cutting edge of storage technologies
6. Cost-conscious companies resort ___ outsourcing as a way to reduce overhead
expenses.
7. 3D printers can create a three-dimensional solid object ___ a digital model

1. cobot – robot a. general and specific
2. cutting-edge – state-of-the-art b. cause and effect
3. water-proof - water-resistant c. contrast
4. smart – dumb d. method and purpose
5. remote access – telecommuting e. part and whole
6. breakthroughs – smarter devices
f. equivalence
7. agile – flexible
Activity 8. Decode Bill Gates’ saying about innovations and comment on it:
120
diagram below:
quantum programming- binary programming

bricks and clicks
outsourcing – insourcing
commuting – telecommuting
3D printing – 4D printing
cutting edge – bleeding edge
R & D (research and development)
121
1. life-hacking
2. nanotechnology
3. cloud computing
4. beta testing
5. biometrics
6. a fool-proof device
7. open source
Activity 11. Give examples of the devices which may be called:
1. multi-purpose
2. multi-mode
3. multi-user
4. multi-functional
5. multi-media
6. fault-tolerant
7. ad hoc
Activity 12. Outline the major advantages of:
1. channel integration
2. biometric identification
3. cloud storage
4. cobotic devices
5. asynchronous computing
122
6. beta testing
7. optical character
recognition
Activity 13. Do a mini-research and briefly characterize:

1. Knowledge economy
2. Quantum programming
3. Real-time technology
4. Bricks and clicks practices
Activity 14. Semantic mapping: Draw a diagram reflecting major breakthroughs

and latest innovation trends in ICT development.
Activity 15. Analyze your computer experience and identify the areas in which it
lags behind the best practices in the industry.
TEST
1 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “bricks - clicks”:

2 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “robot - cobot”:
d) part and whole
3 Which of these are equivalents?
a) biometrics – fingerprint b) biometrics – eye retina c) biometrics –
biometry d) biometrics - face pattern
4 Which of these relates to a method of project management that is
characterized by sequential stages and a fixed plan of work:
a) waterfall b) flexible c) agile d) ad hoc
5 The practice of using an organization’s own personnel or other resources to
accomplish a task is referred to as ___ .
a) outsourcing b) insourcing c) sourcing d) open sourcing
6 The use of an original source code in software engineering which is made
freely available and may be redistributed and modified is referred to ___.
a) outsourcing b) insourcing c) sourcing d) open sourcing
7 Additive manufacturing that prints objects capable of transformation and,
in some cases, of self-assembly is known as ___ D printing.
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
8 This program is very well designed and totally ___proof.
a) water b) bug c) fool d) bullet
9 This car has ___ proof windows. a) water b) bug c) fool d) bullet
10 The supposed ability to move objects at a distance by mental power or
other non-physical means is known as tele___ .
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a) kinesis b) commuting c) communication d) marketing
11 Promotion of goods or services by means of telephone calls, typically
unsolicited, to potential customers is known as tele-___ .
a) kinesis b) commuting c) communication d) marketing
a) cutting-edge b) state-of-the-art c) adhocracy d) leading edge
13 The property that enables a system to continue operating properly in the
event of the breakdown of some of its components is called failure__.
a) tolerant b) tolerance c) toleration d) tolerantly
14 Any trick, shortcut, skill, or novelty method that increases productivity and
efficiency, solves an everyday problem in an inspired, ingenious manner is
called (a/n) ___.
a) breakthrough b) life hacker c) innovation d) best practice
15 The video went ___ and was seen by millions.
a) virus b) viral c) virtual d) virtuous
16 Mark the odd word: a) enhance b) augment c) amplify d) modify
17 A strategy of using software to control multiple servers to provide fault-
tolerant systems, quicker responses and more capable data management for
large networks is known as application ___.
a) clustering b) integration c) outsourcing d) amplification
18 The second (pre-release) phase of software testing in which a sampling of
the intended audience tries the product out and reports bugs back to the
developers is called ____ test. a) alpha b) beta c) gamma d) delta
19 The nouns “control”, “access”, “terminal”, “location”, “area” collocate with
the word ____. a) demote b) remote c) promote d) commote
20 Voice ___ is computer analysis of the human voice, especially for the
purposes of interpreting words and phrases or identifying an individual
voice. a) identification b) acknowledgement c) recognition d) perception
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SPECIFIC PART
Module 10. PROGRAMMING

1 Algorithm (n) a process or set of ~ analysis/approach/design/theory/
rules to be followed validation/-based/-specific;
in calculations or create/follow/build/fulfill an ~;
other problem- algorithmic (adj): a(n) ~
solving operations, access/error/diagram/method/patter
especially by a n/ technique/language;
computer algorithmization (n);
syn. method, pattern
2 Applet (n) a very small a Java ~;
application, ~ version/display area/viewer/virus;
especially a utility download/set up/(un)install an ~
program performing
one or more simple
functions
3 Array (n) an impressive an ~
display or a range of access/analysis/bound/chip/data/
a particular type of component/element/segment;
thing; a data build an ~; a sorted/structured ~;
structure that arrayed (adj): ~ data;
contains a group of syn. bunch, bundle, cluster
elements of the
same data type, such
as an integer or a
string
4 Assemble (v) cause sb or sth to ~ editing/mode; assembling (n):
gather together for a automatic/manual/line/machine/rob
common purpose; ot ~; assembled (adj): an ~
convert or translate battery/diagram/product/
programs written in presentation; assembler (n): the
the assembly code ~ program/operator/language;
to the machine code assembly (n): the ~
code/data/defect/error
/line/technique/unit;
syn. collect, gather
ant. dissemble
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5 Binary (adj) relating to, a ~ code/system/array/cell/
composed of, or compatibility/
involving two digit/file/frequency/interval/mode/p
things; a system of hase/ scale/signal/stream/switch;
numerical notation ~-coded/valued;
that has 2 rather ant. decimal
than 10 digits as a
base
6 Bug (n) an unexpected fix/identify/correct/track ~s;
problem with ~ identification/hole/tracking/fix/re
hardware or port/-free; debug (v): ~ a program;
software (de)bugging (n); buggy (adj): ~
software;
syn. error, flaw, defect
7 Code (n) a system of words, (a/the) ~
letters, figures, or area/chain/compression/error/
symbols used to key/line/limitation/optimization/str
represent others, ucture;
especially for the ~-sensitive/sharing; coded (adj):
purposes of secrecy; ~ address/file/disc/image/signal/wo
a text written in a rd/ information; source/ASCII/
particular pseudo ~;generate/program a ~;
programming encode (v): ~ a file/message;
language coding (n): ~ aids/cycle/ pattern;
codify (v);
decode (v): ~ text/information;
syn. cypher, encrypt
ant. decypher, decrypt
8 Command (n) an authoritative at someone’s ~; a word of ~;
order; an instruction (dis)obey a ~; a ~ bar/button/
or a signal causing a delay/file/handler/
computer to perform interface/key/line/
one of its basic menu/mode/script/
functions sequence/switch/
system/unit; -driven; issue/run a ~;
command (v): ~ a large vocabulary;
commander (n): military/army ~;
syn. direction, order, instruction
9 Compile (v) collect information ~ a table/diagram/code;
in order to produce a (de)compiler (n):
list or a book; ~ bug/error/language/
convert a program option/program/writer; compiling
into a machine-code (n): batch/incremental ~;
or lower-level form compilation (n): ~
126
in which the algorithm/process/time/unit;
program can be syn. assemble, gather, compose
executed ant. decompile, decompose
10 Compose (v) write or create a ~ a letter/text/graph/table;
work of art, composed (adj): ~
especially music or component/distribution; composite
poetry; prepare a (n): ~
text, code for analysis/error/structure/test/variable
printing ; composition (n): ~ of
algorithms/functions /groups;
compositional (adj): ~ core/
design/product/formula
/programming;
composable (adj): ~
semantics/sequence; composability
(n); syn. create
11 Compress (v) flatten by pressure; ~ a(n)
alter the form of file/document/image/video/code;
(data) so as to compressed (adj): ~ air/audio/data/
reduce the amount disc/gas/volume; compression (n):
of storage necessary ~ area/buffer/coding/facility/force/
ratio/utility; compressor (n):
~ engineering/plant/system/unit;
compressible (adj); compressibility
(n): ~ factor;
syn. squeeze, shrink;
ant. decompress
12 Compute (v) reckon or calculate ~ a number/figure/value/formula;
(a figure, value or computer(n): ~ access/addiction/
amount) using aids/algorithm/analyst/automation/
mathematical engineering/equipment/network/sec
formulas or methods urity/
skills/software/system/utility/vendo
r; ~-aided design/-assisted
management/-based learning/-
controlled robot/-generated
hologram/-human interface/-
integrated system/-managed
instruction/-mediated
communication/-oriented system;
computability (n);
computable (adj); computation (n);
computational (adj):
~ linguistics/power; computerize
127
(v):
~ the country; computerized (adj):
analysis/catalogue/file/image/
manufacturing/office/system/testing
/tools; computing (n): ~
skills/ability/center; parallel ~;
computerization (n): ~ of
schools/universities;
syn. calculate, figure out
Cf. computerate = computer-
literate, computerphile,
computerphobia
13 Condition (n) the state of sth with in good/bad/poor/certain ~; do sth
regard to its (up)on ~ that;
appearance, quality, impose/set/stipulate/accept/
or working order; a fulfill/meet/satisfy a ~; ~ of
situation that must (in)dependence/ (in)stability;
exist before sth else living/working/weather/
is possible or (un)favorable/difficult/international
permitted ~s; conditional (adj): ~
behavior/equation/ reflex/access;
conditionally (adv); conditioned
(adj): ~ air/gas/process/reflex;
conditioner (n): air ~;
syn. status, stipulation, prerequisite
14 Configure (v) arrange or put ~ a computer/network/server;
together in a configuration (n): hardware/basic/
particular way; desktop/(2)3-
arrange or order (a dimensional/error/port/ problem-
computer system or solving/software ~;
an element of it) so configurable (adj):
as to fit it for a ~ code/hardware/
designated task memory/processor; configurability
(n): network ~; configured (adj):
fully/software ~;
syn. construct, set up
ant. misconfigure
15 Default (n) failure to fulfill an by/on ~; the ~
obligation, option/address/button/
especially to repay a color/context/interface/mode/
loan or appear in a parameter/user/statement/value;
law court; defaulting (adj): ~ subscriber
a preselected option
adopted by a
128
computer program
or another
mechanism when no
alternative is
specified by the user
or programmer
16 Error (n) the state or ~prone/check/code/correction/detec
condition of being tion/
wrong in conduct or handling/tolerance/checking/control
judgement; a /-free;
mistake check/code/correct/detect/handle/
diagnose/indicate an ~; err (v);
errorless (adj): ~ code/transmission;
erroneous (adj);
syn. mistake, fault, flaw
17 Execute (v) put a plan, order, or ~ a
course of action into cycle/packet/program/statement;
effect; carry out a executing (adj): ~ phase; execution
sentence of death; (n): ~
carry out an address/error/failure/path/plan/sequ
instruction or a ence/
program speed/time/unit; executive (adj): ~
branch/agreement/committee/counc
il/
language/message/officer/program/
secretary/session/staff;
syn. accomplish, implement,
perform, fulfill
18 Generate (v) create; produce (a ~ (a/n) heat/address/error/function/
set or sequence of sequence/variable; generated (adj):
items) by separably/inductively/freely/finitely
performing ~; generator (n): gas/steam/code ~,
specified ~ capacity; generation (n): ~ gap, ~
mathematical or of sth;
logical operations generic (adj): ~ term/activity/class/
on an initial set components/property/software/syst
em;
syn. bring about, cause to appear
19 Integrate (v) combine (one thing) ~ sth with/into sth; ~ between A
with another to form and B/by part/by a substitution;
a whole; find the integration (n):
integral of economic/racial/close ~; ~ density/
domain/level/platform/problem/tool
s; integrator (n): system ~; integrity
129
(n): data/system /network ~;
integral (n): (in)definite ~; integral
(adj): ~ part/value; integrated (adj):
~ analysis/approach/circuit/data/
database/device/environment/
equation/process/software;
integrating (adj): ~
coefficient/mechanism; integrative
(adj): ~ process;
syn. combine, consolidate,
ant. disintegrate
Cf. IDE (integrated development
environment)_
20 Instruction (n) a direction or order; give/follow/break ~s; ~
a code in a program address/area/manual/window;
which defines and basic/clear/complete/conditional/eff
carries out an ective/entry/(in)direct/input/output
operation ~;
(un)instruct (v): ~ users;
instructional (adj): ~
advice/computing/software;
instructive (adj), instructively
(adv), instructiveness (n), instructor
(n): programming ~, ~ in physics;
syn. direction, guidance
21 Language (n) a method of human speak/understand/enrich/learn/mast
communication, er/use/compile from… into a ~;
either spoken or high-level/
written; a system of low-level/machine/absolute/AI/
symbols and rules algorithmic/assembler/command/
for writing programs foreign/functional/hardware/input/o
or algorithms utput/
mark-up/script/
source/symbolic/target;
~ barrier/compatibility/converter/
manual/model/selection/specificatio
n/
syntax/-specific machine
22 Loop (n) a shape produced by a continuous ~; in the ~; the ~
a curve that bends access/chain/circuit/link/network/
round and crosses operation/system/technology/-free;
itself; a programmed looped (adj): ~ cycle/circuit/ link;
sequence of looping (adj): ~ statement;
instructions that is syn. circle, curve
130
repeated until or Cf. loophole, loopline
while a particular
condition is satisfied
23 Manual (n) a book giving a computer/program/reference/
instructions or teacher’s ~; manual (adj): ~
information; work/labor/adjustment
instructions for backup/control/input/output/mode/
using power/programming/scanner/switch
a computer device o /tool/
r program; tracking/training/transmission/tunin
g/
update; manually (adv): ~
controlled/adjustable/operated/set;
syn. reference book, handbook,
guidebook;
ant. automated
24 Maintain (v) ~ a computer/program/equipment;
cause or enable a maintenance (n): ~
condition or services/aids/area/center/costs/hand
situation to book/manual; ~ of
continue; correct peace/stability/equipment;
faults, improve maintainable (adj): ~
performance or equipment/item; maintainability
other attributes, or (n): ~ analysis/control/
adapt the product to specifications/standard;
a changed maintainer (n): software ~;
environment syn. control, keep, manage, support
25 Operate (v) (of a person) control ~ (a) machine; operation (n): in ~,
the functioning of a conduct/launch ~; operational (adj):
machine, process, or ~ costs/mode/safety/error/database/
system; (of a efficiency/risk; operator (n):
machine, process, or computer/radar/radio ~; operated
system) function in (adj):
a specified manner automatically/manually/remotely~;
operating (adj): ~ system/capacity/
conditions/manual/mode/parameter/
policy/potential/speed/station/time
26 Patch (n) a piece of cloth or modem/bug ~, ~ array/cable/line/
other material used memory; patch (v): ~ clothes;
to mend or patched (adj): ~ connection/
strengthen a torn or program; patcher (n); patchhole (n);
weak point; a small patching (n): ~ tool/repair/material;
piece of code Cf. dispatch
inserted into a
131
program to improve
its functioning or to
correct a fault
27 Process (v) take a series of ~ automatically/manually; ~
actions or steps to operations/ code/instructions;
achieve a particular process (n):
end; perform a ~ automation/control/cycle/design/
series of mechanical flowchart/installation/inspection/pla
or chemical nning/state/unit; ~-bound/-driven/-
operations on sth in centered/-flexible/-independent/-
order to change or specific; launch/cancel a ~;
preserve it processed (adj): ~ data/bit/speech;
processing (n): automatic
data/parallel ~,
~ accuracy/algorithm/flaw/method/
rate/
system/technology/tool;
syn. action, course, procedure
28 Procedure (n) an established or (non)standard/established/built-in/
official way of embedded ~, ~ flowchart/standard,
doing sth; a set of launch/cancel a ~; procedural (adj);
instructions for procedurally (adj);
performing an syn. process
operation within a Cf. proceeding(s)
program
29 Program (v) arrange according to ~ in a language; ~ software/a
a plan or schedule; computer/
provide (a computer a network; (re)program (v);
or other machine) program (n): ~
with coded application/background/executable
instructions for the ~; ~ design/file/architecture/directo
automatic ry/error/
performance of a code/documentation/failure/interfac
particular task e/ specification/testing/unit/writer;
~ -compatible/controlled/(in)depen
dent/-editing; design/launch/set
up/(un)install/ issue/release a ~;
programming (n): software ~, ~
aids/algorithm/cycle/error/
flowchart/language/method/pattern;
programmed (adj): ~
channel/instruction/ learning/path;
programmer
(n): (un)skillful/(in)experienced ~;
132
~ manual/ rating/productivity/
slang; programmable (adj): ~
action/software/
switch/system/terminal
30 Prototype (n) the first or develop/build/use/compare a ~;
preliminary version conceptual/evolutionary/hardware/p
of a device or aper/laboratory/pilot/procedure/pro
vehicle from which duction/ virtual ~; ~
other forms are declaration/device/language/
developed system; prototyping (adj): ~
aids/kit/modelling/ system;
prototypal (adj); prototypic(al)
(adj): ~ behavior;
syn. original, model, archetype
31 Recursion (n) application of a iterative/mutual/self-/tail ~, the ~
repetitive procedure code/ formula/method/scheme,
avoid/program/ double/minimize ~;
recursive (adj): the ~
function/procedure/call/algorithm/
equation/function/sequence/system;
recursively (adv); recursiveness (n):
relative ~;
syn. reversion, reiteration
32 Redundancy the state of being no ~ allocation/arrangement/assessme
(n) longer needed or nt/bit/criterion/device/level/mechan
useful; the inclusion ism/rate/reduction/testing; ~ of
of extra components information/ optimization;
functioning in case redundant (adj):
of failure in other ~ code/channel/equipment/system;
components syn., excessive, superfluous
33 Reverse (v) move backwards; go ~ roles/addresses; reverse (n):
in or turn towards complete ~, in ~; reverse (adj): ~
the direction calculation/channel/
opposite to that circuit/flow/motion/ rotation;
previously stated reversed (adj): ~
chain/arrow/compression/vector;
reverser (n): polarity ~; reversibility
(n): ~ coat/process; reversion (n):
power ~, ~ facility/management;
reversal (n): ~ failure/process/time;
(ir)reversible (adj), (ir)reversibly;
syn. overturn
34 Script (n) handwriting as write/compose/create a ~, the ~
distinct from print; file/engine/language;
133
an automated series syn. writing
of instructions Cf. scriptwriter
carried out in a
specific order
35 Test (n) a short written or remote/proficiency ~; ~ center/
spoken examination completion/condition/drive/
of a person's evaluation/
proficiency or mode/sample/validation;
knowledge; a perform/run/automate/complete/gen
procedure intended erate/ monitor a ~; test (v): ~
to establish the hardware/ software/a program;
quality, testing (n):
performance, or routine/battery/compatibility ~, ~
reliability of sth, for reliability; testability (n):
especially before its check/design/ factor/requirement;
widespread use testable (adj): easily ~;
syn. check, inspection, examination
36 Thread (n) a long, thin strand of execution/multitasking/parent/mail/
fiber used in sewing main ~; ~ group/ID; package ~;
or weaving; a group thread (v): ~ a process; threaded
of thematically (adj): a ~ file/list/socket; threader
linked messages (n); threading (n): automatic ~,
posted on an ~ block/tool;
Internet forum; a syn. cord, string, fiber
programming
structure or process
formed by linking a
number of separate
elements
37 Tool (n) a device or a design/smart ~, a ~
implement, adapter/adjustment/
especially one held bar/box/holder/kit; animation ~;
in the hand, used to use/apply a ~;
perform a particular syn. instrument, apparatus, device
function
38 Troubleshoot analyze and solve ~ errors/flaws/conflicts;
(n) serious problems for troubleshooter (n); troubleshooting
a company or other (n): ~ aid/code/costs/
organization; trace guide/flowchart/process/program/se
and correct faults in rvice/tips/unit;
a mechanical or syn. debugging, diagnostics,
electronic system correction
39 Value (n) the importance, absolute/actual/average/default/inp
worth, or usefulness ut/hexadecimal/initial/null/output/
134
of sth; the numerical return/variable ~,
amount denoted by ~ function/list/parameter;
an algebraic term; a (in)valuable (adj); ant. valueless;
magnitude, quantity, evaluation (n):
or number insurance/performance/full-scale ~,
~ approach/parameter;
evaluator (n);
syn. amount, significance
Cf. value-added tax
40 Variable (n) sth not consistent or set/calculate/register/(re)name a ~;
having a fixed a floating point/binary/class/
pattern; liable to (in)dependent/
change; an element, integer/key/loop/reference ~;
feature, or factor variable (adj); variably (adv);
that is liable to vary variability (n): ~ of choice, ~
or change chart/error/index/interval/ratio;
ant. invariable
1. New Oxford American Dictionary, 3rd Edition. – Oxford University Press Inc. –
2010.
2. Oxford Dictionary of English, 3rd Edition. – Oxford University Press. – 2010.
3. Англо-русский словарь по вычислительной технике и программированию. –
8-е изд., исп. и доп. Mасловский Е.К. – 2008.
программированию (6-е изд., исп. и доп.). – Э.М. Пройдаков, Л. А. Теплицкий –
2011.
ACTIVITIES
1. maintain
2. bug
3. tool
4. command
5. condition
6. execute
7. manual
1. binary
2. compile
135
3. variable
4. assemble
5. code
6. compress
7 integrate

composed
compute
error
generatively
instructional
reversely
testability
Activity 4. Complete the tables with words that form strong partnerships with
the target vocabulary units:
applet
array
thread
136
a script
procedure
default
Target vocabulary unit Adjective
process-
1. loop A. a very small application, especially a utility program

performing one or a few simple functions
2. troubleshoot
B. a book giving instructions or information; instructions for
using a computer device or program
3. value C. the numerical amount denoted by an algebraic term
4. algorithm D. a programmed sequence of instructions that is repeated until
137
or while a particular condition is satisfied
5. applet E. trace and correct faults in a mechanical or electronic system
6. manual F. a group of linked messages posted on an Internet forum that
share a common subject or theme
7. thread G. a list of instructions, procedures, or formulas used to solve a
problem
Activity 6. Place the following words in the columns according to the prefix used
to form a negative counterpart:
dependent, crypt, instruct, patch, configure, bug, skillful, experienced, code,

install, construct, stability, integrate, efficiency, compress, compatibility, compile
in- de- un- mis- dis-

1. troubleshooting - debugging A. general and specific
2. process – thread B. cause and effect
3. error-bug C. contrast
4. code – ASCII D. equivalence
5. command - computation E. part and whole
6. prototype – duplicate F. method and purpose
7.variable – invariable
Activity 8. Decode John Romero’s saying about programming and comment on it:
138
diagram below:
1. binary system – decimal system

2. program – applet
3. value – variable
4. calculate – compute
5. assemble – configure
6. compose – compile
7. loop – recursion
Activity 10. Say what the following is used for. Give examples:
1. applet
2. command
3. compiler
4. manual
5. prototype
6. script
7. toolbar
Activity 11. Name at least 7 popular tools (buttons) situated on almost every
application software toolbar.
Activity 12. Describe the functions of utilities patched into a PC operating system.
Activity 13. Give examples of popular compression utilities, comment on their

purposes and mechanisms (text, video and audio compression utilities).
139
Activity 14. Do a mini-research and briefly characterize the following
programming languages in terms of their popularity, complexity and applicability.
1. C++
2. Java
3. HTML
4. Visual Basic
5. Python
6. Ruby
Activity 15. Write a paragraph about the applets you have got in your PC and
smart phone right now. Briefly describe some of their functions.
TEST
1 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “troubleshooting -

debugging”: a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and
2 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “prototype -
duplicate”:
a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and purpose d) contrast
3 All of these are synonymous to the word “bug” EXCEPT FOR:
a) failure b) error c) flow d) flaw
4 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “error - bug”:
a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) equivalence d) part and whole
5 A very small application, especially a utility program performing one or a
few simple functions is known as (a/n) ___. a) applet b) utility d) adware d)
tool
6 A list of instructions, procedures, or formulas used to solve a problem is
known as a(n) ___. a) scheme b) schedule d) plan d) algorithm
7 Choose the correct prefix for the word ‘compatibility’:
a) dis- b) un- c) de- d) in-
8 The report was published in the conference ___.
a) process b) procedure c) proceedings d) proceeding
9 ______ is a device used to perform a particular function.
a) Algorithm b) Tool c) Procedure d) Command
10 A ______ is a series of actions or operations viewed as discrete steps.
a) process b) procedure c) proceeding d) proceedings
11 All of these are synonyms EXCEPT FOR:
a) prototype b) copy c) counterpart d) duplicate
a) integrate b) combine c) consolidate d) configure
13 Mark the odd word: a) computer b) computability c) computation d)
140
computerized
14 This experimental technology is still error-___.
a) tolerant b) prone c) free d) detected
15 Copy, paste, cut and bold are examples of ___.
a) tools b) widgets c) menus d) codes
16 All of these collocate with the noun “default” EXCEPT FOR:
a) option b) mode c) parameter d) alternative
17 Computer-___ communication is getting more and more widely spread.
a) generated b) managed c) integrated d) mediated
18 Choose the correct prefix for the word ‘configure’: a) mis- b) un- c) de- d)
in-
19 All of these are examples of utilities except for:
a) compression b) disc defragmentation c) encryption d) documentation
20 All of these are examples of application programs EXCEPT FOR: a)
compression software b) spreadsheet software c) entertainment software d)
documentation software
141
Module 11. NETWORKS

1 Address (n) the place where a ~ mapping/mask/resolution/
person or organization space; MAC/IP/destination/
can be found or source/hardware/physical/global
communicated with; a ~; address (v): ~ a letter;
numerical designation addressee (n);
that uniquely refers to a addressed (adj): an ~ call;
specific communication addressable (adj): ~
entity memory/area/
storage; addressing
(n): absolute/abbreviated ~;
readdress (v); unaddress (v)
2 Allocate (v) assign available ~ memory/space/resources/
resources to various funds; allocation (n): budget ~s;
uses allocated (adj);
syn. assign, allot, distribute
3 Backbone (n) the column of bones in the ~ of sth; the
the back which sustainscity/country/system ~;
and gives firmness to ~ access/area/bus/cable/capacity;
the frame; the spine; provide/constitute a ~;
a central network that transmit via/lay a ~
provides a pathway for
other networks to
communicate
4 Bandwidth (n) a data transfer capacity ~ allocation/capacity/assignment
or data rate measured in ; widen/reduce/provide a high ~;
bits a ~ of 450 MHz;
syn. frequency range
5 Bridge (n) a wooden, stone, brick, ~ forwarding/number;
or iron structure erected build a ~ between sth and sth;
over a river or railroad bridge (v): ~ a crack/gap/
to make a passageway telephone/digital divide
from one side to the
other;
a device that limits
traffic between two
network segments by
filtering the data
142
between them based on
hardware addresses
6 Broadcast (n) an information television/radio/live/news ~;
transmission to all ~ address/port/net;
entities capable of broadcasting (n), broadcast (v);
receiving it syn. transmission
7 Cable (n) an insulated wire or coaxial/fiber-optic ~; ~ access/
wires having adapter/address/adjustment;
a protective casing and (dis)connect/lay a ~;
used for cable (adj): ~ connection;
transmitting electricity syn. cord, wire
or telecommunication
signals
8 Channel (n) a communication path ~ access/abandonment/
bandwidth;
transmit data/packets over a ~;
channelization (n);
syn. pathway, tunnel, route
9 Collision (n) an event in which two ~ line/avoidance/detection;
or more bodies exert data/memory ~; avoid/minimize
forces on each other for ~; collide (v); collider (n);
a relatively short time syn. bump, crash
10 Connect (v) set a link between two ~ a bus/cable/call/consumer;
(or more) devices ~ to the Internet/network;
connectivity (n): hot ~;
connected (adj), connector (n),
connection (n):
provide/support/break a ~ ;
syn. hook up, join
ant. disconnect, disjoin
11 Dial-up (n) connection using a ~ line/modem/access/
modem via a telephone connection; set up a ~
company network connection;
dial (v): ~ the number
12 Domain (n) an area owned or ~ record/name;
controlled by a own/enter/register/promote a ~;
particular ruler or public ~;
government, a specified Cf. DNS
sphere of activity or
knowledge; a distinct
subset of the Internet
143
with addresses sharing
a common suffix or
under the control of a
particular organization
or individual
13 Duplex (adj) communication flowing ~ transmission;
in both directions full/half ~
simultaneously
14 Echo (n) a reflection of sound, ~ check/cancellation;
coming some time after cloud/electric/talker/multiple ~;
the sound per se; a spread/check/cancel ~;
network continuity test echo (v): ~ a command/packet;
where packets are sent syn. imitation, reflection,
to a distant node that is repetition
obligated to
immediately send the
packets back
15 Ethernet (n) a standard way to ~ provider/connection/bus/cable/
connect computers on a bridge/adapter/access/card;
network over fast/gigabit/thin ~;
a wired connection (dis)connect from/to the ~;
16 Flow (n) steady and continuous work/data /traffic/gas ~;
movement (of a liquid, ~ control/sheet; ~ of (the)
gas, or electricity) in a refugees/current/program;
current or stream; control/restrict/stop a ~;
movement of packets or flow (v);
data from a source to a syn. movement, stream
destination
17 Forward (v) send (a letter or email) ~ a packet/data/message;
on to a further forward (adj): ~ error correction;
destination; send a forwarding (n): packet ~;
frame toward its forwarded (adj); reforward (adj);
ultimate destination via ant. block
an internet-connected
device
18 Framework (n) a structure for architecture/adaptability/applicat
supporting sth, ion/ logical ~; ~ -oriented
especially a skeletal design/class; under/within the ~
support for a of sth;
construction; a legal/practical/broad/supporting
144
standard network ~;
structure build up/set up a ~;
syn. plan, scheme, structure
19 Frequency (n) the number of (light, sound)
occurrences of a wave/processor/natural/
repeated event per unit negative/normalized ~;
of time, esp. in ~ range/converter/deviation/
measuring the speed or distribution/spectrum;
the rate of sound, radio control ~; (in)frequent (adj):
and light waves ~ replication/changes;
frequently (adv): a ~ occurring
mistake; frequenter (n);
syn. density, recurrence
ant. infrequency
20 Hub (n) the effective center of e-mail/Ethernet/USB ~;
an activity, region, or (dis)connect a ~; hub (v): ~ a
network; a central computer/devices on a network;
Ethernet-based syn. center, nucleus, kernel
connection
21 Hotspot (n) a Wi-Fi network access ~ connection/controller;
point or area airport/railway station/mobile ~;
find/(dis)connect to (from) a ~;
place/(re)locate/give access to a
~
22 Host (n) one who receives guests act as a ~; play ~ to sth; a ~ of
in a social or official sth;
capacity; a computer ~ address/ number/node; host
that acts as a server for (v): ~ a conference/meeting/
other computers on a event;
network syn. mother computer, Internet
node;
ant. guest, visitor
23 Latency (n) the state of existing but ~ period/mode/optimization/of
not yet being developed recovery; network ~; suffer from
or manifest; the time ~;
interval between syn. delay, access time, response
initiating a process, and time
receiving the results;
the time required for a
computer on a
network to respond to a
request
145
24 Layer (n) a single thickness of a a thick/thin/insulating/ozone ~ ;
material covering a a ~ of dust; create/change/remov
surface or forming an e/ place in a ~; cover sth with a
overlying part; ~ of sth; ~ address/mode/optimiz
a group of ation; internet/memory/upper/ph
communication ysical/transport/user/application
functions and the ~;
protocols implemented syn. stratum
therein Cf. Secure Sockets Layer
25 Network (n) a group or system of a ~ of institutions/organizations/
interconnected people professionals; a(n)
or things; a collection dedicated/corporate/ cable
of computers, servers, television/dial up/in-house/
mainframes, network local/wireless/Internet/intra/extra
devices, peripherals, or / bot/local/optical/communicatio
other devices connected n/ enterprise/free/radio ~;
to one another allowing (a) ~ adapter/address/administrat
for data to be shared or/architecture/interface/layer/
and used management/devices;
connect to/penetrate into/hack a
~;
syn. structure, system
Cf. LAN, WAN, WLAN
26 Noise (n) sound of any kind; a video signal/random/short/
disturbance that spontaneous ~; a ~ filter/source;
interferes with data make/produce/block/remove/
transmission get rid of ~;
and corrupts the quality noisy (adj), noisily (adv);
of the signal ant. silence
27 Packet (n) a paper or cardboard a ~ of crisps/sugar/tea/flour;

container, typically one ~ flow/access/address/analysis/
in which goods are sniffer/corruption; single/data/
sold; a small amount of request/corrupted ~;
computer data sent over send/readdress/trace a ~;
a network syn. datagram
28 Protocol (n) the accepted or communications/network/transp
established code of ort/
procedure or behavior interface/Internet ~; the
in any group, established ~; conform
organization, or to/follow/infringe on a ~;
situation; a standard set Cf. http, https, VOIP,
146
of rules used to define a TCP/IP, FTP
method of exchanging
data over a computer
network
29 Receiver (n) a person who gets or pick up a ~; the ~ account;
accepts sth that has a satellite/radio /television/call
been sent or given to ~; receive (v): ~ a
them; a piece of radio call/message/signal; reception
or television apparatus (n), recipient (n);
that detects broadcast syn. get
signals and converts ant. transmit, send
them into a visible or Cf. accept
audible form
30 Route (n) an established line of a scenic/railway/train ~;
travel or access; the close/take/change/choose/
path a network packet send over a
takes to reach its ~; alternate/default/direct/
destination main ~; route (v): ~ a
cable/signal/message;
router (n); routing (n); routed
(adj);
syn. direction, itinerary, track,
trail
31 Server (n) a computer that ~ adapter/address/administration
provides data to other /application/architecture;
computers file/web/network/print ~;
program/build/maintain/
administer a ~;
syn. host computer
ant. client, slave
32 Session (n) a period devoted to a a(n) training/induction/
particular activity; an parliamentary/
on-going relationship editing/user ~; set/conduct/
between two computers attend/organize/cancel a ~;
involving the allocation charge per ~; chair a ~;
of resources and a syn. conference, period
sustained data flow
33 Signal (n) a gesture, action, or transmit/send/restrict/clear a ~;
sound that is used to analog/digital/light/discrete/traffi
convey information or c ~; ~ speed/flare/adapter; a ~ to
instructions; an stop/
147
electrical impulse or turn right; signal (v);
radio wave transmitted signaling (adj)
or received
34 Switch (n) a device for making and multiple/backbone/optical/
breaking the connection packet/manual ~; switch (v): ~
in an electric circuit; a on/off;
unit used to network switching (n): packet ~
multiple computers
together
35 Telephony (n) the working or use of ~ communication/application/
telephones; a control/board/backbone; IP ~;
technology that enables radio/voice/wireless ~;
a user to receive and telephone (n, v);
make calls through their syn. transmission, call
computer
36 Telecommunicat the process of ~ access/bandwidth/path/route/
ion (n) transmitting data channel/satellite;
electronically over any commercial/industrial/land/cellul
communications line ar ~; send/intercept ~;
telecommute (v)
37 Terminal (n) the end of a railway or bus/ferry/airport ~; network/idle/
other transport route, or virtual/teller/office ~;
a station at such a point; program/access/disable/build/
a simple device with a adjust a ~; terminate (v): ~ a
monitor and a process/action;
keyboard, at which data syn. station
can be entered into or Cf. hub
retrieved from a
network
38 Transmit (v) cause sth to pass on ~ a message/signal; transmission
from one person or (n): ~ path/route/cable, one
place to another; send way/parallel/
packets of data across a serial/optical/voice/packet ~;
network transmitter (n);
syn. disseminate, transfer,
pass on
ant. receive
39 Topology (v) the physical bus/ring/tree/star/network/
configuration of a system ~; build/configure a ~;
network that determines topological (adj):
how the network ~ analysis/function/approach
148
computers are
connected
40 Wireless (adj) a system that provides ~ access/control/microphone/
communication without connection;
the use of wires syn. Wi-Fi, mobile, cellular
ant. wired, cable, landline
1. New Oxford American Dictionary, 3rd Edition. – Oxford University Press Inc. –
2010.
2. Oxford Dictionary of English, 3rd Edition. – Oxford University Press. – 2010.
3. Англо-русский словарь по вычислительной технике и программированию. –
8-е изд., исп. и доп. Mасловский Е.К. – 2008.
программированию (6-е изд., исп. и доп.). – Э.М. Пройдаков, Л. А. Теплицкий –
2011.
ACTIVITIES
1. allocate
2. bandwidth
3. cable
4. channel
5. framework
6. session
7. hub
1. connect
2. receiver
3. frequency
4. noise
5. server
6. transmit
7. wireless
149
forwarding
transmit
collided
connectedly
frequent
address -
1. Data from US to Europe is transmitted _____ the biggest underwater

backbone.
2. Packets were sent ______ an alternative route.
3. You’d better not set _____ a dial-up connection as it is very slow.
4. With a dynamic IP address, users get disconnected _____ the Internet on
average after every 24- hour session.
5. Quantum computer will be created as soon as scientists figure out how to get
rid ____ noise and vibrations.
6. The most frequent Internet crime is infringement ____ sb’s privacy.
7. I’m very busy! Could you pick _____ the receiver?
broadcast
a hotspot

packet
150
layer
a terminal
network
telecommunication
1. domain A. communication flowing in both directions simultaneously

2. duplex B. a unit used to network multiple computers together
3. echo C. a group of computers that can be accessed and administered
151
with a common set of rules
4. flow D. a computer that acts as a server for other computers on a
network
5. host E. movement of packets or data from a source to a destination
6. switch F. a technology that enables a user to receive and make calls
through their computer
7. telephony G. the physical configuration of a network that determines how
the network computers are connected
8. topology H. a network continuity test where packets are sent to a distant
node that is obligated to immediately send the packets back
Concepts Logical relationship

1. hotspot – wireless connection A. general and specific
2. LAN – WAN B. cause and effect
3. route – itinerary C. contrast
4. host – guest D. equivalence
5. dial-up connection – long response E. part and whole
time
6. address – MAC address F. method and purpose
7. cable - wire
Activity 8. Decode Alison Gopnik’s saying about the Web and comment on it:
diagram below:
152
1. LAN – WAN - WLAN
2. full-duplex – half-duplex
3. DNS - provider
4. bridge - hub
5. switch - hub
6. server – host
7. hook up – connect
1. backbone
2. bridge
3. DNS
4. hub
5. hotspot
6. SSL
7. topology
Activity 11. Do a mini-research and explain the difference between types of

network topology. Which type of topology is the most popular? Why?
1. star topology
2. ring topology
3. bus topology
4. tree topology
Activity 12. Outline the major advantages and disadvantages of:
Connection Advantages Disadvantages

1. wired connection
153
2. wireless
connection
3. satellite
connection
4. backbone
connection
5. dial-up connection
6. mobile connection
Activity 13. Name at least 3 popular domains of the 1st and 2nd level.
Activity 14. Give definition of the Internet protocol. Say what the following types of
protocols are used for:
1. TCP/IP
2. MTP
3. HTTPS
4. VOIP
5. FTP
Activity 15. Do a mini-research and characterize different types of cables. Say

where and when they are used.
1. coaxial cable
2. twisted pair cable
3. fiber-optic cable
TEST
1 What is the logical relationship between “dial-up connection” and “long

response time”: a) general – specific b) cause and effect c) part – whole
d) equivalence
2 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “LAN - WAN”: a)
general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and purpose
d) part and whole
3 What is the logical relationship between “modem” and “Internet
connection”: a) general – specific b) method – purpose c) part – whole
d) equivalence
4 All of these are synonymous to the word “latency” EXCEPT FOR:
a) response time b) delay c) access time d) period
5 A unit used to network multiple computers together is known as a ___.
a) duplex b) bridge c) switch d) link
6 The physical configuration of a network that determines how the network
computers are connected is known as ___.
a) topology b) protocol c) backbone d) duplex
154
7 Star, bus and tree are examples of ___.
a) protocols b) network topology c) domains d) transmission
8 A standard set of rules used to define a method of exchanging data over a
computer network is known as ___: a) protocol b) framework c) topology
d) domain
9 A group of computers that can be accessed and administered with a
common set of rules is known as ___: a) domain b) topology c) network
d) backbone
10 All of these collocate with the adjective “broadcast” EXCEPT FOR:
a) news b) media c) TV d) duplex
11 All of these collocate with the noun “terminal” EXCEPT FOR:
a) enable b) infringe c) adjust d) access
12 All of these collocate with the noun “network” EXCEPT FOR:
a) dedicated b) private c) dial-up d) corporate
13 A big amount of data is quickly transmitted ____ a backbone.
a) across b) inside c) via d) along
14 Please, pick ___ the receiver. a) with b) in c) up d) on
15 It is almost impossible to get rid ___ noise in the network.
a) from b) with c) of d) on
16 The leaflets were ___ in the city streets.
a) distributed b) allocated c) allotted d) assigned
17 Such students will be ___ a special task for the summer.
a) distributed b) allocated c) allotted d) assigned
18 Mark the odd word: a) addressable b) addressing c) addressed d) address
19 Mark the odd word: a) protocol b) framework c) scheme d) structure
20 All of these are synonymous to the word “channel” EXCEPT FOR:
a) pathway b) tunnel c) route d) road
155
Module 12. DATA STORAGE

1 Access (v) the means or ~ mode/provider/time/code;
opportunity to approach direct/easy/memory ~; ~ to sth;
or enter a place block/deny/provide/have/gain
~;
access (v): ~ sth via/from sth;
(in)accessible (adj),
(in)accessibility (n)
2 Archive (n) a collection of data local/national/official/personal/
objects, perhaps with private ~; keep/store/put/save in
associated metadata, in an ~; archival (adj): ~
a storage system whose research/paper/
primary purpose is its design/information/ footage/
long-term preservation document; archive (v):
and retention ~ a(n) message/item/project
3 Array (n) an indexed set of related broad/diverse/extensive/huge/di
elements, an ordered sk/ ragged/processor ~;
arrangement of data hold/show/generate an ~ of sth;
(numbers, symbols, etc.) arrayed (v): ~ elements/panels/
organized in rows and numbers
columns syn. arrangement, assortment
4 Backup (n) a copy of the digital provide/store/replace/need/mak
data to be stored and e a ~;
used as a replacement in a ~ copy; backup (v):
case the main copy is ~ (a) file/data/hard disk/internal
either deleted or memory/system
corrupted
5 Bit (n) the smallest unit of ~
information that can be map/pad/error/rate/depth/bucket
stored in a computer
6 Blu-ray (n) a DVD format designed ~ disc/movie;

for the storage of high- available/video games on ~
definition video and
data
7 Buffer (n) a temporary memory for use sth as a ~; a ~ against
data, normally used to ~ overflow/register;
accommodate the buffering (n)
difference in the rate at
which two devices can
handle data during a
156
transfer
8 Byte (n) the amount of memory ~ span/order/code;
space needed to store kilo/mega/giga/tera~;
one character, which is
normally 8 bits
9 Capacity (n) the maximum amount high/large/seating ~; be
that sth can contain filled/packed to ~; enlarge ~; at
full ~; in the ~ of a programmer
ant. incapacity
10 Cache (v) store away in hiding or ~ memory/controller;
for future use data/external/
workspace/secondary ~;
cacheing/caching (adj); cached
(adj);
cacheable (adj): ~ web
services/data;
syn. store, hide
11 CD (acr) a small round piece of ~ player/coaster;
Compact disc hard plastic with sound save to a ~; copy from/to a ~
recorded on it or
computer information
stored on it
12 Compress (v) minimize the space ~
required for storage or data/file/audio/graphics/movie;
transmittal of sth compressibility (n),
compression (n), compressible
(adj), compressed (adj);
ant. decompress
13 Convert (v) change the form, ~ from/to; ~
character, or function of (n)file/document/image/ audio;
sth; change media or convertible (adj): ~
recording type from one disk/security/version/car;
format to another convertibility (n), conversion
(n);
syn. change
14 Data (n) facts and statistics ~ abstraction/acquisition/bus/
collected together for integrity/link/mining/network/
reference or analysis; reduction/retrieval/storage;
information in a form meta/primary/raw ~;
that a computer can use manipulate/capture/compress/
contain/enter/file/manipulate/co
llect/retrieve/store ~;
Big ~ feed/technology/analysis;
Cf. Big Data, DBMS
157
15 Download (v) transfer information ~ data/file/attachment/program/
from a server/remote information/video/
computer system to the record/software; downloader
users (n); downloadable (adj): ~
font/character/format/toolbar/
software; reload (v) unload (v);
ant. upload
16 Erase (v) rub out or remove ~ completely/virtually/partially
previously written data from; ~ a document
/file/data/command/
information/link/image;
erasure (n), (un)erasable (adj):
~ ink/memory/chip/ drive;
eraser (n);
syn. delete
17 Extend (v) make larger; increase ~ from/to/over sth; ~ the
the portion of available time/period/area;
storage space extension (n): ~
agent/wire/cord;
extendable (adj), extensibility
(n);
syn. expand;
18 File (n) a collection of data, a(n) computer/extension/
programs, etc. stored in (un)readable/personal/comman
a computer's memory d/ configuration/index/text ~; ~
under a single format/ integrity/
identifying name manager/name/protection/
system/transfer/viewer/server/;
delete/restore/create a ~ ;
filer (n), filing (n)
19 Flash (n) a sudden brief burst of ~ card/memory/drive; electronic
bright light; a sudden, ~;
brief or repeated display in a ~; flashing (adj): a ~
of information on a TV signal/rate; flashlight
or computer screen
20 Format (n) a defined structure for large/small/standard ~;
the processing, storage, compress/develop/accept/delete
or display of data /save a(the) ~; (re)format (v): ~
a file/disk/USB/computer/hard
drive;
formatting (n), (re)formatted
(adj)
21 Fragment (n) an isolated or fix/restore/repair/restriction/rec
incomplete part of sth over a ~ of sth; fragmentary
158
(adj); (de)fragmentation (n) : ~
level; a task/policy/file ~ ;
defragmenter (n): database ~;
ant. defragment
22 Keyword (n) a word used to classify access/identify/add/file/enter/ty
or organize digitalpe/ use a ~ ;
content, or to facilitate a ~
an online search for combination/search/directory
information
23 Library (n) a collection of computer use/be available at/have access
software that someone to a ~; search/scan/show/create
can buy or borrow a ~;
~ loader; program/subroutine ~;
librarian (n)
syn. archive
24 Memory (n) the part of a computer in ~ card/cycle/chip/guard/map/
which data or program protection/stick;
instructions are stored internal/external/main/immediat
for retrieval e/ read-only/computer/virtual ~;
restore/lose/recover ~
25 Overwrite (v) get rid of information ~ a file/database/text/character;
in a computer file by overwritten (adj), overwriting
replacing it with other (n)
information
26 Page (n) a section of memory web/home/current/full ~;
that is accessible at one create/update/generate/design a
time web ~; paging (n)
27 Preserve (v) keep sth intact or ~

prevent it from being data/privacy/identity/evidence/
damaged or destroyed integrity/policy/system;
preservation (n);
syn. save, keep;
ant. destroy
28 Query (n) a user's formal request boolean/database/personal/speci
for information, usually fic/search ~; ~ language/
to a database or search processor/operation;
engine have/deal with/send/make a ~;
Cf. SQL
29 Record (n) a number of related keep/track/save/manage/add/
items of information database ~;
which are handled as a recorded (adj), recordable (adj):
unit ~
CD/DVD/variable/system/docu
159
ment
30 Recover (v) the process by which ~ (a)
databases are rebuilt data/document/file/function/
after a system fails memory/time/damage;
recoverer (n), (ir)recoverable
(adj);
syn. restore
31 Register (v) enter in or record on an ~ a(n)
official list or directory account/status/user/complaint/
concern/copyright/equipment/
change; registered (adj);
register (n): remove sb from
/enter in the ~; registration (n),
registry (n), registrable (adj)
32 Restore (v) retrieve information that ~
was lost from a hard data/information/program/acco
disk to its former unt/ window/button/file/order/
condition directory/drive; restored (adj),
restorable (adj), restoration (n);
syn. recover
33 Restrict (v) limit the access of a user ~
to confidential or access/connection/user/payment
sensitive data available / time/procedure;
under secure conditions ~ oneself; restriction (n),
(un)restricted (adj);
syn. limit
34 Retention (n) the continued data/e-mail/record/information
possession, use, or ~;
control of sth; the ~
amount of time, in days, rate/level/position/period/policy
that inactive backed-up ;
or archived files are retentive (adj), retain (v)
kept in the storage pool syn. preservation
before they are deleted
35 Retrieve (v) copy archived ~ information/data/file/change/
information from the possession/memory/content/
storage pool to the document/item/record; ~ sth
workstation for use from sth; retrieval (n):
information ~; (ir)retrievable
(adj), (ir)retrievability (n)
36 Store (v) collect and put sth into ~ a
one location for future file/information/message/text/
use document; ~
carefully/properly/safely;
160
storage (n):
media/cloud/tiered/real/
nonvolatile/fixed/centralized ~;
off(on)-line ~; ~ capacity;
storable (adj), stored (adj)
37 Subscribe (v) arrange to receive sth ~ to a(an) magazine/newspaper/
(e.g. a publication), journal/channel/Internet
regularly by paying in service; subscription (n),
advance; arrange for subscriber, subscribable (adj);
access to an electronic ant. unsubscribe
mailing list or online
service
38 Track (v) follow the development ~ changes/routes; data/fast/
or progress of sth right/diplomatic ~; on ~; keep ~
of sth; ~ changes/record/
error/gauge; tracker (n),
trackable (adj), tracking (v)
39 Upload (v) transfer information ~ data/a document/a file/an
from a users’ system to archive
a remote system server uploaded (adj)
ant. download
40 WORM (acr) any storage medium that a ~ device/option/ disc
Write Once allows a computer to
Read Many save information once
1) Oxford reference. Oxford University press. [Online]. Available:

http://www.oxfordreference.com [Accessed: 12 Oct. 2015]
2) Oxford dictionaries. Oxford University press. [Online]. Available:
http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english [Accessed: 26 Sept. 2015]
3) Word reference. [Online]. Available: http://www.wordreference.com [Accessed:
26 Sept. 2015]
ACTIVITIES
1. erase
2. format
3. retention
4. preserve
5. archive
6. backup
7. cache
161
1. subscribe
2. fragment
3. compress
4. upload
5. capacity
6. preserve
7. compress
record
store
archive
compressible
subscribe
retentive
accessibly
upload
a file
memory
162
preserve
retrieve
1. data A. a user's request for information, generally as a formal

request to a database or search engine
2. track B. follow the development or progress of something
3. WORM C. store away in hiding or for future use
4. cache D. information in a form that a computer can use only; specific
facts and statistics collected together for reference or analysis
5. query E. any storage medium that allows a computer to save
information once
6. format F. a collection of computer software that someone can buy or
borrow
7. library G. a defined structure for the processing, storage, or display of
data

1. The hall is packed __ capacity.
2. The enormous range of music available ___ compact discs at considerably less
than premium price is breathtaking.
3. Linux is seeking permission ___ commercial companies to publish an index of data
held.
4. A 100 Mbps data bus is used to download video data ___ a single operation.
5. You don't have to switch on the computer, load the program and recall a file___
discs.
6. You can use a standard format to catalogue datasets ___ information retrieval.
7. The PCX format starts ___ a 128 byte header.
163
1. file – archive A. general and specific
2. backup – mirror B. cause and effect
3. download – upload C. contrast
4. erase – loss of data D. method and purpose
5. library – storage E. part and whole
6. expand – reduce
F. equivalence
7. CD – CDR
Activity 8. Decode Charles Babbage’s saying and comment on it:
diagram below:
1. bit – byte
2. subscribe – purchase
3. cache – store
4. retrieve – restore
5. online storage – external hard drives
6. CD – Blu-ray
7. overwrite – erase
164
1. archive
2. backup
3. Blue-ray
4. CD
5. cache
6. storage
7. WORM
1. digitization
2. faxing
3. refurbishment
4. optimization
5. swapping
6. configuration
7. restoration
Activity 12. Discuss the data storage devices you use, their advantages and
disadvantages.
Activity 13. Arrange the following data in the descending order of priority and
share the results with your partner(s).
e-mails music games photos documents applications

movies/videos
165
Activity 14. Analyze in groups of 4 the data storage methods (cloud storage,
CD/DVD, HDR, etc.) in terms of their pros and cons as the most appropriate way
to keep the given entities:
How best to Pros Cons

store them?
1. digital photos
2. books
3. music
4. passport
5. memories
Activity 15. Make a comparative analysis of the traditional and innovatory data
storage methods. Make projections into the data storage perspectives in the future.
TEST
What is the logical relationship between the concepts “retention -
1 preservation”: a) general and specific b) contrast c) equivalence
d) part and whole
Which of these means “remove the previously written data”:
2
a) erase b) extend c) expand d) expose
A defined structure for the processing, storage, or display of data is
3
referred to as a ___. a) fragment b) library c) archive d) format
A collection of related data records stored in a computer memory is
4
referred to as a___. a) document b) file c) archive d) page
All of these are synonymous to the verb “cache” EXCEPT FOR:
5
a) stash b) keep c) hide d) conceal
Which of these adjectives is WRONG:
6
a) cacheable b) convertible c) downloadable d) recoverable
A storage medium that cannot be rewritten is referred to as a ___.
7
a) WORM b) ROM c) DVD d) CD
Which of these means “cause to last longer”:
8
a) expand b) extend c) enlarge d) augment
What is the logical relationship between the concepts “data – archive”:
9 a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and purpose d) part
and whole
Which of these is synonymous to the word “recover”:
10
a) break b) damage c) restore d) destroy
The ___ mode, as its name suggests, erases existing text to the right of the
11 cursor replacing it automatically with your alteration.
a) rewrite b) delete c) overwrite d) retrieve
The amount of memory space needed to store one character, which is
12
normally 8 bits is referred to as ___. a) byte b) boot c) bot d) bite
166
What is the logical relationship between the concepts “download –
13 upload”: a) general and specific b) contrast c) method and purpose
d) part and whole
All of these collocate with the adjective “restricted” EXCEPT FOR:
14
a) access b) area c) password d) space
15 This videogame is available ___ Blu Ray. a) on b) to c) in d)at
The files are automatically compressed so they're small enough to send
16 ____ e-mail.
a) for b) to c) via d) on
Which of these suffixes is used to form an antonym to the adjective
17 “retrievable”:
a) un b) in c) ir d) non-
CD, DVD and Blue Ray differ in all of these EXCEPT FOR:
a) the method of information recording b) the volume of information they
18 may store
c) the type of information they may store d) the number of layers they
contain
Query and request differ in all of these EXCEPT FOR ____.
19
a) field of use b) degree of generality c) part of speech d) style
A unit of information equal to one million or, strictly, to 1,048,576 bytes,
20
is called a ____byte. a) mega b) tera c) kilo d) bit
167
Module 13. RADIOELECTRONICS

1 Acoustic (adj) relating to sound or to ~ guitar/technique/environment/
the sense of hearing microscope/signal/sound/center/d
igitizer/effect/wave;
acoustics (n); acoustical (adj),
acoustically (adv);
syn. auditory, audio, phonic
2 Amplitude (n) the amount by which a ~ modulation; magnetic/tidal ~;
voltage or current ~ of fluctuation/crime/wave;
changes from zero or an increase/vary in ~;
average value; the syn. extent, magnitude
maximum extent of Cf. attenuation
vibration or oscillation,
measured from the
position of equilibrium
3 Antenna (n) a device (such as a wire radio/aerial/parabolic/suspended/
or a metal rod) for rod/directional/powered/special
sending or receiving ~; antennal (adj):
radio or television ~ insertion/segment/gland;
signals antennary (adj);
syn. sensor, receiver
4 Aperture (n) a space through which ~ card/plate/ratio/synthesis;
light passes in an optical pit/relative/oval/wheel/set/
or photographic lens/window/circular/ ~;
instrument, especially apertural (adj): ~
the opening by which margin/face/slit; apertured (adj);
light enters a camera syn. hole, opening
5 Attenuation the reduction of the ~ constant/factor/switch/theory;
(n) amplitude of a signal, attenuate (v): ~
electric current, or other sound/light/signal/
oscillation frequency/emission/luminosity/
dissonance
syn. reduction, weakening
ant. increase, strengthening
6 Beacon (n) a radio transmitter ~ site/fire/tower/center/system;
whose signal helps to radio/emergency ~; beacon-to-
locate the position of a beacon;
ship, aircraft, or beaconless (adj), un/beaconed
spacecraft (adj);
syn. beam, signal
7 Compass (n) an instrument ~
168
containing a magnetized rose/point/error/direction/correct
pointer which shows the or/ course;
direction of magnetic magnetic/azimuth/gyroscopic ~;
north and bearings from use/check/be guided by the ~
it
8 Coupling (n) a device for connecting ~ box/coefficient/rod; capacitive/
parts of machinery; an close/expansion/inductive/loose
interaction between two ~; couple (v): ~ with; couple (n);
electrical components coupled (adj)
by electromagnetic syn. connection, joining
induction, electrostatic
charge, or optical link
9 Cover (v) put sth on top of or in ~ address/glass/paper/plate/story;
front of sth in order to get under/pull up (back) ~;
protect or conceal it cover (n): soft/hard ~;
coverless (adj); coverage (n),
discovery (n), (dis)coverer (n),
(dis)coverable (adj),
(dis)covered (adj);
syn. screen, wrapping
ant. uncover
10 Damp (n) slightly wet; suffer from/check for ~;
progressively reduced damping (n): ~ ground;
amplitude of (an signal/amplitude/echo/noise ~;
oscillation or vibration) dampness (n), syn. moist, wet
ant. dry
11 Delay (v) a situation in which sth ~ a meeting; delayed (adj): ~
happens later than it release/occurrence/flight/
should broadcast;
unduly/slightly/somewhat
deliberately ~;
delay (n): constant/unexpected ~;
syn. suspend, postpone, put off
12 Density (n) the quantity of people or ~ fluctuation/function;
things in a given area or high/low/average/population/traff
space; degree of ic/electron ~;
consistency measured change/vary/increase/decrease/
by the quantity of mass calculate/measure the ~;
per unit volume, dense (adj): ~ mass/screen/
/cover/ network; densely (adv): ~
populated area
13 Disturb (v) interfere with the ~ (a/the) complacency/function/
normal arrangement or process/
functioning of sth procedure/relationship/order;
169
disturbance (n): cause/create/
suffer/prevent/lead to/provoke ~;
(un)disturbed (adj), disturbing
(adj) disturbingly (adv);
syn. distract, bother
14 Electron (n) a very small particle of ~ affinity/ballistics/cloud/
matter that has a diffraction/multiplier/optics/tube/
negative charge of microscope/density/beam/transfe
electricity and that r/wave/velocity;
travels around the electronic (adj): ~
nucleus of an atom edition/company/
timer/notebook/representation/m
edia/handset/receipt/device/mail/
system; electronics (n)
15 Emission (n) the production and ~ line; acoustic/electron/field/
discharge of sth, photoelectric/secondary ~;
especially gas or harmful/toxic/exhaust/vehicle/
radiation industrial/atmospheric/acid/
carbon ~; cut/reduce ~;
emit (v): ~ sparks/beam/light;
emittance (n);
syn. diffusion, discharge
16 Exposure (n) the state of having no ~ hazard/index;
protection from sth instantaneous/excessive/low-
harmful level /long(short)-term
~;receive/suffer/increase/limit/mi
nimize/ reduce/avoid ~;
expose (v): ~
completely/fully/briefly
/suddenly; be ~ed to sth: ~
danger; exposed (adj);
syn. reveal, uncover
ant. conceal, cover
17 FM (abbr) the modulation of a ~ radio/network/system/station;
Frequency radio or other wave by ant. AM (Amplitude modulation)
Modulation variation of its
frequency, especially to
carry an audio signal
18 Intensity (n) the measurable amount ~ modulation/rate; ~ of
of a property, such as light/radiation;
force, brightness, or a gravitational/horizontal/magnetic
magnetic field /noise/sound ~ ; increase in/
decrease/reduce/ ~;
intense (adj): ~
170
atmosphere/area/pain
/annoyance/reaction/competition;
intensive (adj): ~ care;
labor/capital-~; intensively (adv);
intensified (adj);
syn. force
ant. ease, extensive
19 Level (n) a height or distance ~ off; unprecedented/wind/action
from the ground or /advanced/entry/ground ~;
another stated or achieve/reach/increase/raise/main
understood base; a tain/bring
position on a scale of down/control/decrease/set the ~;
amount, quantity, level (v), levelling (n);
extent, or quality syn. height
20 Locate (v) discover the exact place ~ a(an/the) object/target;
or position of sth; place (un)able/difficult to ~;
sth within a particular location (n): exact/precise/
context specific/secret/undisclosed/
convenient/suitable/related ~;
define a ~; locator (n), located
(adj); relocate (v);
syn. find, place
ant. dislocate
21 Modulate (v) vary the strength, tone, ~ radio waves/a signal/one’s
or pitch of sth voice; module (n):
command/rocket/satellite ~;
do/study/complete a ~; divide sth
into ~s; individual/compulsory/o
ptional ~;
modulate (v), modulator (n),
modulation (n), modulatory (adj)
syn. change, vary, alter
22 Oscillate (v) move or swing back and ~ back and forth/up and down; ~
forth at a regular speed; with amplitude/wavelength; ~
vary in magnitude or oscillator (n), oscillation (n),
position in a regular oscillatory (adj): ~
manner around a central motion/component/frequency;
point syn. swing, vibrate, fluctuate
23 Period (n) a length or portion of within the ~ of…;
time; the time taken to short/long/extended/lengthy/prol
complete one cycle of a onged ~;
regularly recurring drift/fiscal/incubation/induction/
phenomenon latent ~; periodicity (n),
periodical (n) ~
171
publication/table/directory/
production/index;
syn. time span, term
24 Phase (n) a distinct period or stage ~ angle/converter/diagram/
in a process of change distortion/ inverter;
or a part of the begin/enter/open/start a ~;
development of sth; the initial/primary/secondary/final/si
relationship in time ngle /transition/temporary/crucial
between the successive ~; ~ out sth; phasing (adj), phasal
states or cycles of an (adj),
oscillating or repeating phased (adj);
system (such as an syn. stage
alternating electric
current, light or sound
wave)
25 Radio (n) the transmission and ~ program/astronomy/balloon/
reception of beacon/beam/bearing/compass/co
electromagnetic waves ntrol/electrician/engineering/freq
of radio frequency, uency/navigation/station/
especially those message /signal/waves/ operator;
carrying sound listen to/turn on (off)/tune in
messages; the activity or to/tune the ~; radiation (adj):
industry of broadcasting emit/ /absorb/measure/monitor ~;
sound programs to the expose sb to ~; ~
public; an apparatus for leakage/dose/level/exposure/
receiving such programs therapy; radiate (v), radiant (adj),
radar (n)
26 Ray (n) the straight line in ~ filter; emit/give off/send out/
which light or other expose sb(sth) to/block/filter
electromagnetic out/protect/shield sb/sth from the
radiation travels to a ~; x- ~;
given point; a beam of syn. beam
radiant energy (as light)
of a small cross section
27 Reflect (v) think deeply or carefully ~ on sth; ~
about sth; (of a surface clearly/directly/accurately;
or body) throw back pause to ~; reflection (n):
(heat, light, or sound) catch/see/ give (sb)/provide ~;
without absorbing it syn. think, consider, mirror
28 Regulate (v) control or maintain the ~ the
rate or speed of (a route/work/situation/solution
machine or process) so /activity; ~ sth carefully/properly/
that it operates properly strictly; attempt/be designed/be
intended to ~; regulations (n),
172
regulatory (adj): ~
measure/legislation/
compliance/monitoring;
syn. control, manage, maintain,
administer
29 Relay (v) receive and pass on ~ a
(information or a signal/wave/message/data/selecti
message); broadcast sth on
by passing signals ~;
received from elsewhere syn. pass on, transmit, broadcast
through a transmitting ant. receive
station
30 Resist (v) remain strong against ~ compression/changes;
the force or effect of sth be difficult/hard/(im-)possible to
~; ~ fiercely/firmly/resolutely/
strongly; resistance (n): ~
movement/pressure; (ir)resistible
(adj); resistibility (n),
resistive (adj),
syn. oppose
ant. surrender, give in
31 Scatter (v) throw in various random ~ a bomb/diagram/light/wave/
directions; deflect or beam; scatterer (n), scattered
diffuse (electromagnetic (adj), scattering (n);
radiation or particles) syn. disperse, diffuse, deflect
32 Signal (n) an event or statement ~ box/failure/board/tower;
that provides the automatic/alarm/danger/warning/
impulse or occasion for non-verbal/semaphore ~;
sth specified to happen; interpret/read/see sth as a ~;
an electrical impulse or signal (v), signaling (n)
radio wave transmitted syn. sign
or received
33 Stabilize (v) make or become ~ the
unlikely to change, fail, situation/structure/position
or decline /relationship/price/economy/varia
ble/output/currency; stability (n),
stabilizer (n), (de)stabilization
(n), (un)stable (adj), (un)stably
(adv);
syn. maintain
ant. destabilize
34 Synchronize cause to occur or ~ the sound/cycle/movement;
(v) operate at the same time ~ carefully/precisely;
or rate (a)synchronous (adj),
173
(a)synchronously (adv),
(a)synchronization (n);
syn. harmonize, coordinate
35 Spectrum (n) a characteristic series of ~ analysis/diagram;
frequencies of absorption/atomic
electromagnetic /broadcast/interference/molecular
radiation emitted or /noise/pure ~ ; cover the ~;
absorbed by a substance spectral (adj): ~ analysis;
spectrogram (n); spectrograph
(n), spectroscope (n),
spectroscopic (adj)
36 Terminate (v) bring to an end ~ a(n) contract/operation/agreem
ent /license /relationship/
engagement;
termination (n): ~ date; early/
premature/sudden ~; terminal
(adj); terminator (n), terminating
(adj), terminated (adj);
syn. stop, cease
ant. continue
37 Threshold (n) a level, rate, or amount ~ level/value;
at which sth comes into absolute/differential ~;
effect; the maximum have/reach/cross/exceed/set a ~;
level of radiation or toxic ~; threshold (v);
concentration of a syn. verge
substance considered to
be acceptable or safe
38 Tune (v) adjust or adapt sth to a ~ in/for/to/up;
particular purpose or tuning (n): auto ~; tuned (adj);
situation; adjust (a radio tuning (adj): ~ fork/range/tool;
or television) so that it guitar/wavelength ~;
receives a broadcast syn. adjust, adapt
clearly
39 Quantum (n) the minimum amount of ~ of light/energy; ~ computing/
any physical entity computations/clock/theory/mech
involved in an anics /oscillations; physical ~
interaction
40 Wave (n) a gesture or signal made ~ analyzer/antenna/band/base/
by moving one's hand to equation/energy/filter/height/
and fro; a ridge of water length/mechanics/motion;
between two emit/generate/deflect/ send ~s;
depressions in open waved (adj), waving (n),
water; a single curve in wavelength (n): be on the same ~
the course of this
174
motion
1. Англо-русский словарь по телекоммуникациям. – «РУССО». – Александров

А.В.. – 2010.
2. Computer hope. Free computer help and information. [Online]. Available:
http://www.computerhope.com/jargon.htm [Accessed: 15 Oct. 2015]
ACTIVITIES
1. aperture
2 .cover
3.delay
4. module
5. regulate
6. synchronize
7. terminate
1. attenuation
2. cover
3. damp
4. expose
5. resist
6. scatter
7. resistible

disturb
covered
intensity
modulate
reflection
175
terminative
stably
1. amplitude A. an electrical impulse or radio wave transmitted or

received
2. antenna B. a broadcasting station or channel
3. aperture C. the production and discharge of something, especially
gas or radiation
4. compass D. an instrument containing a magnetized pointer which
shows the direction of magnetic north and bearings from it
5. emission E. a space through which light passes in an optical or
photographic instrument, especially the variable opening by
which light enters a camera
6. radio F. a device (such as a wire or a metal rod) for sending or
receiving radio or television signals
7. signal G. the maximum extent of a vibration or oscillation,
measured from the position of equilibrium
1. Travelers leaving the vehicles in Safari are exposed _____ danger.

2. As a result of the crisis there was an increase ___ the unemployment rate.
3. A software development project is usually divided ______ several modules.
4. Governmental policy should be tuned ______ the needs of people.
5. Work with electronic equipment requires special protective screens to filter
____ the rays that might be optically harmful.
6. That is a serious matter that the authorities should reflect ___very carefully.
7. 7. Attempts have been made to phase __ corruption in this country.

1. antenna – transceiver A. general and specific
2. acoustic – visual B. cause and effect
3. phase – stage C. contrast
4. radio – antenna D. method and purpose
5. radio modulation - FM E. part and whole
6. vibration - waves
F. equivalence
7. tuning – clear sound
176
Adj Target vocabulary unit
attenuation
beacon
acoustic
density
electron
Activity 8. Decode Alison Gopnik’s quote about telecommunications and comment

on it:
177
diagram below:
1. ray – signal
2. vibration – oscillation
3. attenuation – damping
4. electron – quantum
5. period – phase
6. FM - AM
Activity 10. Say what can be … and how:
1. damped
2. delayed
3. emitted
178
4. intensified
5. synchronized
6. reflected
7. tuned
1. compass
2. beacon
3. antenna
4. radio
5. resistor
6. cover
7. stabilizer
Activity 12. Fill in the table reflecting the use of different compass types given
below:
dry liquid bearing

Uses
Activity 13. Discuss the use of the term ‘quantum’ in mechanics, computing,
physics, cryptography and electronics.
Activity 14. Draw a scheme showing how radio works.
Activity 15. Do a mini-research and prepare a short report about the contribution
of different engineers such as Alexander Popov, Guglielmo Marconi and
Ferdinand Braun to the invention of radio.
TEST
1 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “antenna - radio set-”:
d) part and whole
2 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “radio modulation -
FM”: a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and purpose
d) equivalence
3 All of these are synonymous to the word “aperture” EXCEPT FOR:
a) breach b) hole c) eyelid d) opening
4 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “vibration - waves”:
5 The maximum extent of a vibration or oscillation, measured from the
position of equilibrium is known as ____. a) amplitude b) aperture d)
179
attenuation d) oscillation
6 A very small particle of matter that has a negative charge of electricity and
that travels around the nucleus of an atom is known as____.
a) electron b) quantum d) molecule d) signal
7 Travelers leaving the vehicles in Safari are exposed _____ danger.
a) to b) under c) for d) in
8 The software development project is divided ______ several modules.
a) into b) by c) on d) in
9 To ______ means to cause to occur or operate at the same time or rate.
a) synchronize b) stabilize c) regulate d) terminate a not b
10 Mark the odd word: a) intense b) intensity c) intensified d) intensive b not a
a) synchronize b) harmonize c) coordinate d) terminate
12 All of these are antonyms to the word “attenuation” EXCEPT FOR:
a) increasing b) enlargement c) strengthening d) decreasing
13 Mark the odd word: a) terminated b) terminative c) terminating d) terminate
14 What does FM stand for? a) frequency modulation b) frequency module c)
frequent modulation d) frequently modulation
15 FM and AM are examples of radio___. a) broadcast b) modulation c) phases
d) tunes
16 All of these collocate with the noun “attenuation” EXCEPT FOR:
a) light b) sound c) frequency d) density
17 Fire, sea, tower are the types of : a) beacons b) beams c) rays d) compasses
18 Work with electronic equipment requires special protective screens to filter
_____ the rays that might be optically harmful. a) from b) out c) through d)
by b not a
19 Which of these is NOT a type of a compass: a) wet b) liquid c) bearing d) sun
20 All of these verbs collocate with the noun “density” EXCEPT FOR:
a) measure b) calculate c) vary d) cover
180
Module 14. TELECOMMUNICATION

1 Cellular (adj) relating to a system that ~ automation/cryptogram/glass/
uses radio waves instead phone/radio/operator/mechanism/
of wires to send level/standard/license/network;
telephone signals cell (n): stem ~s;
Cf. mobile
2 Beam (n) a long and heavy piece a ~ anchor/antenna/diameter/
of wood or metal that is divergence /light/pump/
used as a support in a tube/weapon;
building or ship; a line a(n) angle/atom/back/balance ~;
of energy, particles, etc., direct/point/send/shine/play a ~;
that cannot be seen; a beaming (n): a ~ light/smile/
ray of light face/employee;
syn. pole, ray, laser
3 Band (n) any of several groups ~ aid/brake/elimination/rejection/
into which wheel; absorption/amateur/
school pupils of the balancing/UHF ~; be in/ play
same age are divided on in/sing in/fall into/form/join a ~;
the basis of broadly band (v): be ~ ed into a
similar ability; a group group/according to sth;
of musicians who play syn. group
popular music, jazz,
etc., often for dancing; a
range of frequencies or
wavelengths in a
spectrum
4 Bear (v) hold up, support, remain ~ a channel/responsibility/
firm under a load or pain/difficulties/hardships;
pressure; carry sth bearing (n): ~ signal/capability;
bearings: get/lose one’s ~; bearer
(noun): the ~ signal/service;
syn. carry, support
5 Blackout (n) a period when lights are light/news/communication/
off because of an mental ~;
electrical power failure syn. collapse
6 Carrier (n) a mechanism or device ~ dropout/frequency/multiplex/no
by which sth is ise level/power/shift/suppression/
conveyed or conducted; wave; air/baby/flag/(ir)regular/
a company that provides mail/motor/personal/private ~;
facilities for conveying carry (v): ~ out the
telecommunication analysis/evaluation/
181
messages assessment/policy/instruction;
syn. shipper, bearer
7 Detect (v) discover or identify the ~ a signal/risk/mistake/leak/
presence or existence of pattern/miscalculation/sound/
sth color/position/change; difficult
/hard/easy/
(im-)possible to ~;
detector (n): infrared/chemical/
smoke/metal ~; detection (n),
detectability (adj), detectable
(adj); detective (n);
syn. discover, find out, reveal,
identify
ant. overlook
8 Diffuse (v) spread over a wide area ~ reflection/light/idea/responsibil
or among a large ity; diffusion (n), diffuseness (n):
number of people ~ of method/control; diffusely
(adv);
syn. scatter, spread, disseminate
9 Disperse (v) distribute or spread over ~ news/pollution/seed/fog/bacteri
a wide area; divide a; begin/start/ to ~; disperser (n),
(light) into constituents dispersible (adj), dispersive (adj);
of different wavelengths syn. spread, diffuse
10 Distort (v) give a misleading or ~ the result/outcome/pattern/
false account or image/opinion/reality/picture;
impression of; change distorted (adj): seriously/severely
the natural, normal, or /completely/slightly/
original shape, deliberately ~; distortion (n),
appearance, or sound of distortive (adj); distortedly (adv);
sth in a way that is syn. pervert, falsify
usually not attractive or Cf. alter, change
pleasing
11 DSL (abbr) a technology that allows asynchronous/synchronous ~;
Digital Subscriber high-speed transmission lay/modify/build/transmit over ~
Line of text, audio, and
video, usually over
standard telephone
lines; a form of
broadband transmission
12 Energy (n) the strength and vitality ~ balance/density/drink/
required for sustained efficiency ratio/spectrum; accum
physical or mental ulate/activate/
activity; power derived conserve ~; alternative/available/f
from the utilization of ree/ kinetic/nuclear/solar ~; burst
182
physical or chemical with/be full of/have/
resources, especially to generate/produce/
provide light and heat or harness/use/demand/
to work machines need/accumulate ~;
energetic (adj):
~ activity/man; energize (v);
syn. power, strength
13 Engineering (n) the branch of science ~ company/group/industry/
and technology method/design/facility/program/
concerned with the technology/services;
design, building, and engineer (v);
use of engines, engineer (n): leading ~;
machines, and structures Cf. construction, technology
14 Generate (v) produce sth or cause sth ~ light/power/changes/conflict/
to be produced steam/microwave/solution/electri
city; generator (n);
generation (n): ~ gap, digital ~;
syn. produce, develop
15 The Institute of the world's largest comply with/compliance with ~
Electrical and association of technical standards/requirements/
Electronics professionals aiming for documentation
Engineers (IEEE) the educational and style/format/specifications
technical advancement
of electrical and
electronic engineering,
telecommunications,
computer engineering
and allied disciplines
16 Indicator (n) a thing or device that airspeed/battery/direction/frequen
shows the state, level or cy/fuel/speed/wind ~; serve/
condition of sth take/see sth as an ~ of sth;
indication (n), indicate (v);
index/indices (n);
syn. a sign
Cf. parameter
17 Landline (n) a conventional ~ (dis)connection; lay/transmit
telecommunications over a ~;
connection by cable laid Cf. Wi-Fi, satellite/cellular
across land connection
18 Long-Term a standard for wireless connect to/support ~
Evolution (4G communication of high-
LTE) speed data for mobile
phones and data
terminals
183
19 Mount (v) go or climb up sth; ~ a(n) equipment/ device/camera;
increase in amount; fix a(n) engine/gun/lens/pedestal/
sth pillar ~; ~
quickly/rapidly/steadily/
gradually;
mounting (n), mountable (adj),
mounted (adj): ~
station/module/panel;
syn. ascend, assemble, fix
ant. descend, dissemble
20 Mobile (adj) able to move or be ~ application/headquarter/phone/
moved freely or easily station/connection;
be/become/get ~; (im) mobility
syn. movable
ant. immovable, unmovable,
static
21 Propagate (v) spread sth widely ~ the wave/language/message/
knowledge; propagation (n):
radio/error ~; propagator (n): ~
virus; propagative (adj),
propaganda (n)
syn. spread, extend
22 Power (n) the ability or capacity to ~ of attorney/termination;
do sth or act in a amplifier/car/nuclear/horse/wind
particular way; energy ~ ; go off ~; ~ cable;
that is produced by 2 to the ~ of 4;
mechanical, electrical, exercise/use/give/grant sb the ~
or other means and used of; confer ~ on sb; power-
to operate a device engineering; power-plant;
syn. capacity, energy
ant. incapacity
23 Remote (adj) distant in relationship or ~ control/indication/area/date/
connection; situated far storage/site;
from the main center; syn. distant, faraway
operating or controlled ant. near, close
from a distance
24 Resonator (n) a device that displays ~ test/guitar/system/theory/
electrical resonance, ring/axis;
especially one used for cavity/ceramic/optical/piezo/Hel
the detection of radio mholtz ~; resonance (n),
waves resonate (v): ~ energy/power
25 Roaming (n) the facility to use a world/country/street/city ~;
mobile phone outside its roamer (n), roam (v)
normal area of
184
registration, for example
when abroad
26 Satellite (adj) a natural body that ~ orbit/broadcasting/dish/aerial/
revolves around a link/television/navigation/photogr
planet; an artificial body aph/picture/data;
placed in orbit round the launch/put into orbit/put up/send
earth or another planet up a ~
in order to collect
information or for
communication
27 Saturate (v) make sth completely ~ sth with sth;
wet; put (a device) into saturator (n), saturation (n)
a state in which no saturated (adj): ~
further increase in fat/field/pasture; saturable (adj);
current is achievable syn. soak, permeate
28 Sensor (n) a device that enables ~ network/control/unit/reading/
digital machines to analysis/data-fusion/device;
monitor the physical infrared/analog/image/
quantity of the analog electromagnetic ~;
world, such as sensitivity (n), sensitive (adj),
temperature, humidity, sensory (adj); sensorily (adv);
or pressure, to provide syn. detector;
data used in robotics, Cf. meter
environmental climate
control, and other
applications
29 Sequence (n) a particular order in automatic/key/regular/plain/time
which related things ~; continuous/complex ~;
follow each other sequence (v); sequential (adj): ~
pattern/interview/
stage/record/file;
syn. series, arrangement,
progression, string
30 Shield (v) protect from a danger, ~ sb/sth from sth; ~ sth
risk, or unpleasant partially/partly/carefully; shield
experience; prevent sb (n): ~ bearer/budding/cell/law/
or sth from being seen scale; cultivator/eraser/expansion
~; use sb/sth as a ~;
shielding (n), shielded (adj)
syn. protect, shelter
31 Solar (adj) relating to or ~ system/apex/battery/cell/collect
determined by the sun or/ compass /eclipse/equation/eye
piece/flare/heating/mass/microsc
ope/ motion/energy/radiation
185
32 Sonde (n) an instrument probe that a(n) radio/weather/air/rocket/
automatically transmits satellite/ hydrometer ~; launch a
information about its ~
surroundings
underground, under
water, in the
atmosphere, etc.
33 Standard (n) sth considered by an ~ deviation/English/gravity/
authority or by general length/model; ~ of
consent as a basis of living/perfection; high/low ~;
comparison; anapply/enforce/prescribe/
approved model; a rule maintain/improve/raise/keep up
or principle that is used the ~s;
as a basis for judgment; standardize (v): ~ a(n) uniform/
an average or normal system/equipment/service;
requirement for quality, substandard (adj): ~ conditions;
quantity, level etc. syn. basic, normal
ant. atypical, abnormal
34 Tele- (prf) a prefix used in the ~ cast/kinesis/meter/phone/graph/
formation of compound port/scope; ~ commute
words meaning
“distant,” especially
“transmitted over a
distance”
35 Traffic (n) the movement of ~ accident/hazard/block/cop/
vehicles, ships, persons, density/jam/lane/light/signal;
etc.; messages or signals bad/busy/congested/heavy/thick/
transmitted through a light/constant ~;
communications system radio/telephone/data/voice/netwo
rk/ Internet/Web/website ~;
Cf. movement, transportation
36 Transition (n) the process or a period ~ area/point/region/temperature/
of changing from one period/process/phase;
state or condition to bring about/cause/effect ~;
another abrupt/immediate/rapid/sudden/di
rect /gradual ~; transit (v),
transitional (adj), transitionally
(adv), transitionary (adj);
Cf. change
37 Tunnel (n) an underground ~ effect/vision;
passageway, esp. one open/smoke/water/wind ~;
for trains or cars that go through/use/disappear
passes under a into/enter/go into/ come out of/
mountain, river etc.; a build/construct/dig/excavate a ~;
186
virtual tunnel of long/short/narrow/wide/dark ~;
encapsulated data tunneling (n); tunneled (adj)
transmission syn. channel
38 Queue (n) a line of people who are endless/long/growing ~;
waiting for sth; a series form/line up in/join/stand in/wait
of instructions that are in a ~;
stored in a computer so queue (v): ~ up for food/bus;
that they can be queuing (n)
processed later syn. line
39 Vibration (n) a periodic motion about ~ detector/sensor/transmission/
an equilibrium position; rate/power; anti- ~; ~-free;
an oscillation of the vibrate (v), vibrational (adj),
parts of a fluid or an vibratory (adj);
electromagnetic wave syn. fluctuation, oscillation,
equilibrium which has tremor
been disturbed ant. stillness, calmness
1. Англо-русский словарь по телекоммуникациям. – «РУССО». –

Александров А.В. – 2010.
2. Telecom ABC. [Online]. Available: http://www.telecomabc.com [Accessed: 19
Oct. 2015]
ACTIVITIES
1. beam
2. bear
3. disperse
4. distort
5. mount
6. power
7. sequence
1. detect
2. landline
187
3. standard
4. synchronous
5. mobile
6. remote
7. vibration

detect
mounting
propagative
sensorily
transition
vibratory
1. cellular A. a technology that allows high-speed transmission of text,

audio, and video, usually over standard telephone lines; a
form of broadband transmission
2. blackout B. a natural body that revolves around a planet; an artificial
body placed in orbit round the earth or another planet in
order to collect information or for communication
3. carrier C. the world's largest association of technical professionals
4. diffuse D. relating to a system that uses radio waves instead of
wires to send telephone signals
5. DSL E. a mechanism or device by which something is conveyed
or conducted; a company that provides facilities for
conveying telecommunications messages
6. IEEE F. spread over a wide area or between a large number of
people
7. satellite G. a period when lights are off because of an electrical
power failure
1. The Digital Subscriber Line is a family of technologies that are used to

transmit digital data _______ telephone lines.
2. After the King’s death, all the power was conferred _____ his son – the only
heir to the throne.
188
3. The Democratic People's Republic of Korea claimed to put an Earth
observation satellite ____ orbit.
4. Keeping _____ the communication standards is rather a challenging task for
professionals.
5. British Prime Minister David Cameron called for discussions on how to bring
_____ political transition in Syria.
6. Dozens of people had to line___ ___ queue to get the tickets.
7. Two ___ the power ___ 4 equals 16

1. diffusion - dispersion A. general and specific
2. landline – satellite connection B. cause and effect
3. radio - resonator C. contrast
4. power - energy D. method and purpose
5. sonde – weather forecasting E. part and whole
6. mobile communications standard –
F. equivalence
3G
7. earthquake - vibration
energy
indicator
remote
189
sonde
traffic
Activity 8. Decode Bob Poe’s quote about telecommunications and comment on it:
diagram below:
1. cellular phone – mobile phone

2. 3G – LTE
3. remote site – remote storage
4. traffic light – traffic sign
5. radio sonde – satellite sonde
6. ADSL – dial up
190
1. detected
2. distorted
3. diffused
4. generated
5. propagated
6. shielded
7. queued
1. ADSL
2. carrier
3. satellite
4. LTE
5. remote
control
6. resonator
7. teleport
Activity 12. Arrange the standards for communication in an ascending order from
the least advanced to the most: 3G, 2G, LTE, dial-up. Explain the chosen
sequence. What do you know about the latest communication standards?
Activity 13. Brainstorm the current issues of alternative energy sources. Do you
think it’s possible to completely substitute traditional energy sources in the near
future?
191
Activity 14. Do a mini research and prepare a short report about the most
devastating blackouts in the history of humankind.
Activity 15. Write a paragraph explaining the statement of Bob Poe in Activity 8.
TEST
1 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “earthquake -

vibration”:
d) part and whole
2 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “diffusion –
dispersion”:
d) equivalence
3 All of these are synonymous to the word “beam” EXCEPT FOR:
a) ray of light b) c) resonator d) radiation
4 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “mobile
communication standard – 3G”:
whole
5 A mechanism or device by which something is conveyed or conducted is
known as a___: a) carrier b) band d) DSL d) LTE
6 A standard for wireless communication of high-speed data for mobile
phones and data terminals is known as ___:
a) LTE b) 2G d) ADSL d) IEEE
7 Digital subscriber line is a family of technologies that are used to transmit
digital data ______ telephone lines. a) forward b) over c) via d) through
8 Keeping _____ the communication standards is rather a challenging task
for professionals. a) up b) for c) to d) towards
9 A______ is a device that enables digital machines to monitor a physical
quantity of the analog world, such as temperature, humidity, or pressure,
to provide data. a) resonator b) sensor c) satellite d) sonde
10 Mark the odd word: a) detect b) neglect c) ignore d) overlook
11 All of these are synonyms EXCEPT FOR: a) distort b) falsify c) pervert
d) alter
12 All of these are antonyms to the word “landline” EXCEPT FOR:
a) satellite connection b) cellular connection c) Wi-Fi d) telephone
connection
13 Mark the odd word: a) detector b) detection c) detectably d) detective
14 LTE, 3G, 4G are examples of a ____.
a) standard for satellite connection b) standard for radio connection c)
standard for wireless communication d) standard for cellular connection
192
15 Mark the odd word: a) transitory b) transit c) transitional d) transitionary
16 All of these collocate with the noun “energy” EXCEPT FOR:
a) alternative b) nuclear c) cellular d) solar
17 All of these provide information on the state or condition of something
EXCEPT FOR:
a) indicator b) pointer c) parameter d) index
18 Dozens of people had to line ____ ___ queue to get the tickets.
a) up in b) up with c) throughout d) in to
19 Which of these is the oldest standard of telecommunication:
a) dial-up b) 3G c) 4G d) LTE
20 What does abbreviation ‘IEEE’ stand for?
a) The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
b) The Institute of Electronical and Electronics Engineering
c) The Institute of Electrics and Electronics Engineering
d) The Institute of Electrical and Electronical Engineers
193
Module 15. COMPUTER MODELING

1 Analyze (v) examine sth analysis (n): carry out/do/make/
scrupulously, perform an ~;
typically in order to comparative/critical/careful/close/
explain and interpret comprehensive/detailed/indepth/
it thorough/financial/historical/linguistic/
strategic/spectrum/electrostatic ~;
analyzable (adj), analytical (adj): ~
study/technique/system/method/
purpose/mind;
syn. examine
2 Behavior (n) the action, reaction, ~ modification; control/influence/alter/
or functioning of a change/modify ~; human/aggressive/
system, under normal disruptive/violent ~ ; behavioral (adj):
or specified ~ pattern/term/theory/survey;
circumstances; the behaviorally (adv);
way in which a syn. demeanor
machine or a natural
phenomenon works
or functions
3 CAD (acr) the use of computers~ system/information/equipment/termi
Computer- to create 2D and 3D nal/technology/framework/package/sof
aided design designs tware
4 Component a constituent part or
basic/central/core/critical/crucial/
(n) aspect of sth more essential/fundamental/important/
complex integral/key/main/major/principal/
significant/vital ~;
~ manufacturer/failure/ supplier;
componentize (v);componentized (adj):
~ DRM; componential (adj); ~
analysis;
syn. piece, ingredient
5 Concept (n) an abstract idea; a have/grasp/understand/define/formulat
general notion e/frame/introduce/develop a ~; a
moral/basic/simple/
abstract/seminal/ broad/general/overall
~; a ~ album/car/keyboard/map; ~;
conception (n): ~ of sth; conceptual
(adj): ~ system/rationale/evaluation
/level/distinction/framework/structure/c
omponent/category/
194
problem/scheme; conceptualize (v): ~
a/the process/event/phenomenon;
problem/matter/job/population/system;
syn. idea, notion
6 Condition (n) the state of sth with change/improve/deteriorate ~s; market/
regard to its perfect/bad/excellent ~; suffer
appearance, quality, from/live in/work in(under) ~ ;
or working order conditioning (n): social ~ ; conditional
(adj): ~ choice/acceptance/
bail/construction/ agreement/plan;
conditionality (n):
mutual/ ~; conditionally (adv);
syn. state
7 Constraint (n) sth that limits or impose/place/put/remove ~ ;
restricts sb or sth moral/financial/physical/serious/legal/
major ~s; ~ approach; constrain (v);
syn. restriction, limitation
8 Diagram (n) a sketch, outline, or a market/network/circuit/Venn ~;
plan demonstrating draw/depict/illustrate
the form or workings /indicate/represent/show a ~;
of sth diagram (v): ~ a sentence/football play;
diagrammable (adj), diagrammatic
(adj), diagrammatically (adv);
syn. graph, figure
9 Dimension (n) an aspect or feature political/spiritual/material/economic/
of a situation, engineering/time/social/spatial ~;
problem, or thing: a check/measure/add/ give/acquire/take
measurement of the on ~; dimensionality (n),
size of sth in a multi/three/two-dimensional (adj): ~
particular direction, world/look/representation/form/
such as the length, graphics/map/display/model/design/
width, height, or structure/space/array/
diameter view/picture; dimensionally (adv);
syn. aspect, facet, size
10 Dynamic (adj) characterized by a ~ equilibrium/range/
constant change, force/leader/market/perspective/approa
activity, or progress; ch/data/change/
having or showing a development/RAM/programming;
lot of energy be/seem/become/remain ~ ;
dynamical (adj): ~ effect/property/test/
evolution/state/system/variable/equatio
n/process; dynamically (adv),
dynamics (n): ~ simulation/flowchart;
cultural/information/system/lattice/gro
195
up ~;
syn. energetic, vigorous
ant. static, slow
11 Effect (n) a change which is a a special/audio/sound/optical/visual/
result or consequence digital/possible/probable/dramatic/signi
of an action or other ficant/ drastic/full/decisive/harmful/far-
cause; an image or a reaching ~ ;
sound that is created bring about/exert/have/produce/take/
in television, radio, or recover from/come into/assess/
movies to imitate sth estimate/examine/measure/study/ameli
real orate/cushion/lessen/minimize/mitigate
/reduce/soften the ~ of sth; (in)effective
(adj);
syn. result, outcome, impact
12 Efficient (adj) capable of producing ~ production/model/change/secretary/
desired results manufacture/service/manner/procedure
without wasting /feature/company/operation;
materials, time, or (in)efficiently (adv) ;
energy syn. productive
ant. inefficient
Cf. effective,
13 Environment the surroundings or working/safe/external/business/competi
(n) conditions in which a tive/software/user/learning/physical/loc
person, animal, or al/international/natural ~ ;
plant lives or create/provide/adapt to an ~ ;
operates; the overall environmental (adj): ~
structure within audit/art/medicine/
which a user, agency/committee/department/group/
computer, or program ministry/policy/conference/protection/i
operates ssues;
environmentally (adv): ~ friendly; ;
environmentalist (n),
syn. surroundings, habitat
14 Evaluation (n) the making of a ~ paper/panel/session/procedure/proces
judgment about the s/ study/issue; carry out/make an ~ ;
amount, number, or scientific/ thorough/program/empirical/
value of sth; comprehensive/project ~; evaluator (n),
assessment evaluate (v): be difficult/be hard ~;
syn. assessment, judgment, appraisal
15 Event (n) a thing that happens (about an event) happen/occur/take
or takes place, place/unfold; historic/important/major/
especially one of momentous/significant/media/field ~ ;
importance; a single witness/record/celebrate/
occurrence of a commemorate/enter/
196
process take part in/mark/hold/organize/stage
an ~ ; eventful(less) (adj): an ~
evening/day;
syn. happening, incident, occasion
16 Experiment a scientific procedure field/laboratory/educational/
(n) undertaken to make a medical/psychological/scientific/
discovery, test a practical ~;
hypothesis, or carry out/conduct/do/perform an ~;
demonstrate a known experimenter (n); experimental (adj): ~
fact data/psychology ;
experimentally (adv), experimentation
(n);
syn. test, enquiry
17 Force (n) strength or energy as great/terrible/tremendous/full/maximu
an attribute of m/ external/internal/friction/elastic ~s;
physical action or ~ of gravity; resort to/use/take sth
movement by/increase/decrease/balance/come
into/bring sth
into/combine/lead/deploy/withdraw ~s;
(en)force (v), (en)forceable (adj);
syn. strength, power
ant. weakness
18 Influence (v) affect or change (sb ~ sth/sb; influence (n): exert/have ~
or sth) in an indirect over/on
but usually important sth/sb ; considerable/enormous/great/
way significant ~; influential (adj);
syn. affect, impact, effect
19 Manipulate handle or control (a easy/know how/learn to ~;
(v) tool, mechanism, manipulation (n): symbolic/typeface/
information, etc.) in a conceptual/cynical/information/price/
skillful manner genetic ~; manipulator (n),
manipulative (adj), manipulatively
(adv)
syn. influence, control
20 Measure (v) ascertain the size, easy/(im)possible/difficult/hard to ~;
amount, or degree of measure (n): precautionary/effective ~;
sth by using an take ~s;
instrument or device measured (adj), measurement (n):
reliable/accurate/precise/system/
technique/scale/unit/error ~;
measurability (n), measurable (adj),
measurably (adv) ;
Cf. calculate, compute
21 Model (n) a representation, a(n) ~ airplane/car/building/house/
197
usually on a smaller bridge/computer/phone;
scale, of a device, assemble/build/construct/make/produce
structure, etc. /design/develop/photograph/shoot a ~;
modeler (n),
model (v), modeling (adj) ~
agency/company;
syn. prototype, mock-up copy
22 Optimize (v) make the best or most ~ the system/quality/variable/performa
effective use of (a nce/ environment/condition;
situation or resource); optimization (n), optimizer (n);
rearrange or rewrite syn .improve, enhance
(data, software, etc.)
to improve the
efficiency of retrieval
or processing
23 Option (n) a thing that is or may have/choose/select/offer/limit/take an
be chosen ~;
an ~ scheme/agreement/contract/price;
optional (adj): be entirely/purely ~;
optionally (adv);
syn. alternative, choice
24 Parameter (n) a numerical or other ~ value/vector/setting/model/box/
measurable factor control/equalizer/programming/
forming one of a set mapping/modeling/
that defines a system software/solution/test/variable;
or sets the conditions system/path/configuration//interaction/
of its operation characteristic/input/laboratory ~;
parametric (adj): ~; optical ~;
parametrical (adj),
syn. specification, limit
25 Predict (v) say or estimate that (a ~ the scenario/date/ outcome/event/rate
specified thing) will /
happen in the future behavior/development/score/result/wea
or will be a ther/change; prediction (n):
consequence of sth make/confirm/fulfill a ~;
(un)predictable (adj): ~
pattern/response/
reply/movement/flow/question/develop
ment/change/event; be/seem/become ~;
predictably (adv), predictability (n),
predictive (adj);
syn. anticipate, forecast
26 Probability (n) the extent to which ~ of living/arrival/success;
sth is likely to happen high/real/strong ~;
198
or be the case have/increase/reduce/assess/calculate/j
udge the ~ of sth; probable (adj): ~
consequence/outcome/cost/profit/effect
/source; probably (adv);
syn. chance, possibility
ant. improbability, improbable,
27 Proportion (n) a part, share, or in/out of ~ with sth; ~ growth/increase/
number considered in rise/decline/decrease/fall; express
comparative relation sth/grow/increase/rise/decline/decrease
to a whole /diminish/fall in ~; bodily/significant ~;
proportional (adj): ~
distribution/growth/share;
syn. percentage, ratio
28 Ratio (n) a measure of the achieve the ~; (ir)rational (adj): ~
relative size of two function/justification/person//basis/choi
classes expressed as a ce/action/analysis/calculation/expectati
proportion on//behavior; (ir)rationally (adv): act ~;
syn. rate, quotient
29 Result (n) sth that ensues from demonstrate/indicate/reveal/show/predi
an action, policy, ct/suggest the ~ of sth; result (v): ~
course of events, etc. from/in/of;
have/produce/ achieve/get/obtain/come
up with/get/produce/give/show/wait
for/ analyze/evaluate/ present/publish
the ~ of sth;
syn. outcome
30 Risk (n) a situation involving ~ group/assessment/reduction/manage
exposure to danger ment;
face/run/take/entail/incur/involve/pose/
increase/minimize/reduce/avoid/assess/
measure the ~ of sth/doing sth; risky
(adj): ~
business/task/job/position/venture/situa
tion; risk-taker(n), riskless (adj);
syn. danger
ant. safety, security
31 Sample (n) a small part of ~ set/book/bottle/unit/machine/part/
anything, intended as chip/test/ specimen; survey ~;
representative of the collect/take/provide/draw/
whole analyze/study/test a ~ of sth; sampler
(n): ~ filter/board/drive/
disc/design/idea; onboard/CD ~;
syn. specimen
32 Shape (n) the external form, (about a ~): appear/emerge/loom;
199
contours, or outline cut out/draw/alter/ change/determine/
of sb or sth influence distinguish/make out/see the
~ of sth; shaped (adj), shapeable (adj),
shapeless (adj);
syn. form, structure, architecture
33 Simplify (v) make sth simpler or ~ the procedure/solution/construction/
easier to do or data//process/condition/task;
understand simple (adj): a ~ solution; ~ to operate;
simplification (n), simplified (adj);
ant. complicate, sophisticate
34 Simulate (v) imitate the ~ reality/application/process/location/ef
appearance or fect; designed/used to ~;
character of sth simulation (n): real-
time/modeling/flight/sport/computer/
interview ~; simulative (adj): ~
approach/deception; simulated (adj): ~
environment/behavior;
syn. imitate
35 Solution (n) a means of solving a easy/drastic/ moral/viable pragmatic/
problem or handling management ~;
a difficult situation; a sugar/soil/test/saline/iodine ~; look
homogeneous for/seek/work towards/achieve/agree
mixture of two or (on)/arrive at/ come up
more substances in with/find/produce/ reach/work out a ~
which the molecules to a problem; solve (v):
or atoms of the ~ a(n) problem/dispute/
substances are equation/question/mystery;
completely dispersed syn. mixture
36 Statistical relating to the use of ~ inference/linguistics/mechanics/physi
(adj) statistics or numeric cs/tables/reliability/control/return/techn
data ique/method/information/analysis/term/
evidence/study/comparison;
statistics (n): official/national/
government/
(un)employment/criminal/regional/vital
/financial ~; statistically (adv);
syn. numerical
37 Structure (n) the way in which sth internal/external/social/atomic/movable
is built, arranged, or /basic/market/complex ~;
organized; the have/lack/impose/be based on/
arrangement of and create/devise/establish a ~;
relations between the (un)structured (adj): ~
parts or elements of plan/pattern/whole/
sth complex graphics/method/interview/CAD/lesson
200
/system/approach;
syn. form, architecture
38 System (n) a set of things ~ software/operation/failure/
working together as breakdown;
parts of a mechanism build/create/design/improve/develop/de
or an interconnected vise/set up/implement/introduce/
network; orderliness operate a ~;
systematize (v), systematic (adj),
systematically (adv);
syn. order, structure
ant. chaos, disorder
39 Velocity (n) the speed of sth increase/decrease/achieve/attain/
moving in a given reach ~;
direction head/escape/wave/angular/wind/maxim
um/low/propagation/high/mean ~;
syn. speed
40 Volume (n) an amount or quantity increase/decrease/
of sth, especially reduce/double/grow/rise in ~;
when great; quantity ~ control/reduction/production/
or power of sound; a platform/restriction;
book forming part of incredible/reference/immense/
a work or series classic/main/high ~ ;
syn. amount, size

8-е изд., исп. и доп. – Масловский Е.К. – ABBYY, 2008.
Oct. 2015]
ACTIVITIES
1. component
2. concept
3. constraint
4. diagram
5. evaluation
6. optimize
7. probability
201
1. force
2. risk
3. simplify
4. probable
5. system
6. dynamic
7. effective

analyze
condition,
manipulatively
predict
simulation
(non-)environment
al
a proportion
ratio
a result
202
structure
1. CAD A. a thing that happens or takes place, especially one of

importance; a single occurrence of a process
2. dimension B. ascertain the size, amount, or degree of (something) by
using an instrument or device marked in standard units
3. event C. a representation, usually on a smaller scale, of a device,
structure, etc.
4. experiment D. the use of computers to create 2D and 3D designs
5. measure E. a numerical or other measurable factor forming one of a
set that defines a system or sets the conditions of its
operation
6. model F. a scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery,
test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact
7. parameter G. a measurement of the size of something in a particular
direction, such as the length, width, height, or diameter
1. People in Africa suffer ______ deterioration of living conditions.

2. Mammals adapt _______ the environment in various ways.
3. Sensory evaluation is the process carried ______ to analyze a food product
using 5 senses.
4. New family legislation came ______ force in September this year.
5. Physics’ prediction turned _____ to be true.
6. It is next to impossible to find a solution ______ the problem.
7. This experiment can be carried out only ___ laboratory conditions.

1. velocity - speed A. general and specific
2. efficient - unproductive B. cause and effect
3. dimension – 3D C. contrast
203
4. experiment - optimization D. method and purpose
5. risk – constraint E. part and whole
6. condition - state F. equivalence
7. diagram – arrow
Activity 8. Decode a famous quote of Louis Gerstner (IBM CEO) and comment on
it:
diagram below:
1. experiment - measurement
2. manipulation - modeling
3. proportion - ratio
4. system - structure
5. parameter - dimension
6. efficient - effective
204
1. 2-dimensional
2. 3-dimensional
3. evaluated
4. manipulated
5. measured
6. predicted
7. simulated
1. simulations
2. simplification
3. analysis
4. CAD
5. evaluation
6. experiment
7. prediction
Activity 12. Describe the problems that make computer modeling vital in the
following fields:
1. Space and air travel
2. Fire-fighting
3. Earthquake prediction
4. Medicine
5. Building
205
Activity 13. Name physical forces that affect a person in the natural environment,
describe their effect briefly.
Activity 14. Say what CAD software is popular now and what it is used for.
Comment on the CAD uses today.
Activity 15. Do a mini research and prepare a short report on the theory of the 4th
dimension.
TEST
1 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “diagram - arrow”:

a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and purpose d) part
and whole
2 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “velocity - speed”:
d) equivalence
3 All of these are synonymous to the word “optimize” EXCEPT FOR:
a) improve b) enhance c) manipulate d) advance
4 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “risk - constraint”:
whole
5 A sketch, outline, or plan demonstrating the form or workings of
something is known as a ____: a) diagram b) system d) parameter
d) CAD
6 A small part of anything, intended as representative of the whole is
known as a(n) ____: a) illustration b) instance d) example d) sample
7 The prediction turned _____ to be true. a) out b) off c) on d) in
8 Sensory evaluation is the process carried_____ to analyze a food product
using 5 senses. a) on b) out of c) forward d) out
9 A ______ is a general idea or notion that corresponds to some class of
entities and that consists of the characteristic or essential features of the
class. a) component b) concept c) sample d) model
a) condition b) conditioner c) conditionality d) conditional
a) distortion b) restriction c) limitation d) constraint
12 All of these are antonyms to the word “simplify” EXCEPT FOR:
a) complicate b) perplex c) sophisticate d) optimize
13 Mark the odd word: a) analytical b) analysis c) analyst d) analyzer
14 What does CAD stand for? a) computer aided development b) computer
aided design c) computer assisted development d) computer assisted
design
206
15 Gravity, friction, velocity are examples of ___.
a) physical forces b) physical effects c) dynamic forces d) physical
systems
16 All of these collocate with the noun “structure” EXCEPT FOR:
a) external b) internal c) atomic d) efficient
17 This experiment can be carried out only ___ laboratory conditions.
a) on b) at c) for d) under
18 People in Africa suffer _____ deterioration of living conditions.
a) in b) upon c) about d) from
19 Which of these is NOT a kind of a diagram:
a) Venn b) block c) flow d) picture
20 All of these verbs collocate with the noun “proportion” EXCEPT FOR:
a) increase b) diminish c) measure d) simulate
207
Module 16. MATHEMATICS

1 Add (v) join sth to sth else so as
~ a detail/category/symbol/figure/for
to increase its size, mula; additional (adj): ~
number, or amount information/element/
benefit/supply/allowance/profit;
syn. include
ant. delete, exclude
2 Argument (n) a reason or a set of ~ arise/break out/develop/erupt;
reasons given in support get involved in/get into/reject/offer/
of an idea, action or present/put forward an ~;
theory legal/logical/aesthetic/scientific/gene
ral/heated ~; argumentation (n):
consecutive/detailed/standard/moral/
puzzling/explicit ~; argumentative
(adj);
syn. reasoning
3 Altitude (n) the height of an object cruise at/fly at/maintain/ reach/rise
or point in relation to to/gain the ~; ~sickness/problem/aero
sea or ground level; the batics/ record; ~ of a
perpendicular distance cone/parallelogram/prism/
from the vertex to the pyramid/ trapezoid/triangle;
base of a geometrical altitudinal (adj);
figure syn. height, elevation
ant. depth
4 Angle (n) the space (usually ~ selector/circuit;
measured in degrees) tilted/right/acute/obtuse/
between two straight/positive/negative/interior/ext
intersecting lines or erior ~; form/make/adjust/alter/increa
surfaces at or close to se/reduce/measure/change an ~; view
the point where they sth at/from some ~; angle (v);
meet triangle (n);
rectangle (n);
syn. tilt, slant
5 Approximate close to the actual, but ~ time/cost/position/length/location/p
(adj) not completely accurate rice/ translation/number/value;
or exact approximate (v): ~ to/by sth;
approximation (n):
make/give/provide an ~;
approximately (adv), approximative
(adj) ~ value/description/measure;
syn. rough
208
ant. exact, precise
6 Average (adj) an amount, standard, ~ score/consumption/price/wage/age/
level, or rate regarded as growth/ density/length/size/number/
usual or ordinary; a cost/rate/time/citizen/temperature/fa
number expressing the mily/population; the national ~;
central or typical value on/below/above ~; arrive at/ calculate
in a set of data /find/work out the ~; mean ~;
average (v): ~ out at/to;
syn. median, norm
7 Axis (n) an imaginary line about the horizontal/vertical/x/y/z ~;
which a body rotates; a central/economic/major/fundamental/
fixed reference line for minor/principal ~; revolve/rotate
the measurement of on/around one’s ~;
coordinates syn. pivot, pole
8 Base (n) the lowest part or edge ~ rate/pairing;
of sth, especially the firm/solid/strong/solid/
part on which it rests or monetary /customer/capital ~;
is supported; a number build/lay down/expand/increase the
used as the basis of a ~; base (v): ~ sth on sth; based (adj):
numeration scale London-~;
syn. foundation, bottom
ant. top
9 Calculate (v) determine the amount or ~ the distance/area/index/price/
number of sth equation/problem/task/percentage/co
mathematically st/value/payment/time/wage/the
average/length/formula/mean/
median/angle/density/proportion; ~
accurately/exactly/
carefully/correctly; calculation (n),
calculator (n): ~ display; desk/hand-
held/pocket/electronic/
programmable/
advanced ~;
syn. compute, count
ant. miscalculate
10 Coefficient (n) a multiplier or factor correlation/phi/mean/gravitational/ze
that measures some ro/ dissymmetry/frictional ~; a
property variable ~;
the ~ of friction
11 Cube (n) a symmetrical three- ice/sugar ~; ~ equation/ root; increase
dimensional shape, in weight by the ~ of its length; cube
either solid or hollow, (v): ~ the total/a number
contained by six equal Cf. cubicle
squares; the product of a
209
number multiplied by
its square, represented
by the superscript figure
3
12 Degree (n) an academic award ~ angle/course/level;
conferred by a college/university/first/ ordinary/
university or college on undergraduate/higher/ master's/
successful completion postgraduate/research/BA/BEd/BSc/
of a course or as an MA/
honorary distinction; a MSc/PhD ~; have/earn/hold/do/take/
unit of measuring measure a ~;
angles; the class into
which an equation falls
according to the highest
power of unknowns or
variables present
13 Derive (v) obtain sth from a ~ from; largely/mainly/primarily/part
specified source; obtain ly ~; derivable (adj), derivative (n);
a function by applying a derivate (n), derivation (n);
sequence of steps syn. extract
14 Deviate (v) depart from an ~ from sth; ~
established course considerably/(in)significantly;
deviation (n); deviator (n),
deviatory (adj)
syn. veer from
ant. stay on the course
15 Diameter (n) a straight line passing calculate/measure the ~ of the
from side to side circle/sphere; diametrical (adj),
through the center of a diametrically (adv);
body or figure, Cf. perimeter, radius
especially a circle or
sphere
16 Discrete (adj) separate or distinct in ~ category/zone/form/equation;
form or concept discreteness (n), discretely (adv);
Cf. discreet
17 Divide (v) separate or be separated ~ into/by/between/among sb/sth; ~
into parts; find how widen/narrow/bridge/open a ~;
many times a number great/sharp/cultural/digital/ideologica
contains another l/religious ~; division (n); dividable
(adj);
syn. separate, split
ant. combine, consolidate, unite
18 Equation (n) a statement of the be a part of/come into/enter into an
values of two ~;
210
mathematical complicated/simple/algebraic/mathe
expressions being equal matical ~; equational (adj): ~
phrase/assignment; equationally
(adv)
19 Exponential becoming more and ~ curve/equation/growth/rate/model/
(adj) more rapid; of or component/progression/number/form
expressed by a /function/distribution/time;
mathematical exponent grow/increase at an ~ rate;
exponentially (adv): grow/increase ~;
20 Finite (adj) limited in size or extent ~ world/resource/life/element/curve/
point/ form /period/set;
almost/practically/
virtually ~; (non)finite (adj),
infinity (n): approach/tend to/
towards ~;
syn. limited
ant. unlimited, infinite
21 Formula (n) a general relationship, devise/work out/come up with/find/
principle, or rule stated, provide/apply/use a ~;
often as an equation, in complex/empirical/
the form of symbols simple/algebraic/chemical/molecular/
mathematical/scientific ~; formulate
(v): ~ a/an expression/
solution/equation /view/plan/
goal/objective/idea/proposal/theory/
question; formulaic (adj): ~
pattern/structure/exercise/unit/
activity/framework/expression
22 Fraction (n) a numerical quantity common/complex/compound/
that is not a whole continued/decimal/diagonal/
number; a small or tiny (im)proper/partial/rational/simple/
part, amount, or split/unit ~; a large/significant/
proportion of sth: a ratio sizeable/substantial/mere/small ~;
of two expressions or syn. portion
numbers other than zero ant. whole, integer
23 Function (n) the intended purpose of chief/main/major/primary/prime/dual
a person or thing in a ~; hold/attend/go to/have/carry out/
specific role; a fulfill/perform/serve a ~ ; functionary
relationship or (n): state/chief/government/station/pa
expression involving rty ~;
one or more variables; a functional (adj): ~ specification /
large or formal social analysis/competence/skills/language/
event or ceremony approach/procedure; functionally
(adv)
211
24 Integer (n) a number which is not a ~ order/values/solution/variable/
fraction; a whole performance
number /unit/application/number;
decimal/algebraic ~;
ant. fraction
25 Linear (adj) arranged in or extending ~ equation/accelerator/algebra/
along a straight or function/interpolation/programming/s
nearly straight line pace/graph; (non)linearity (n): ~
error/test; linearly (adv);
syn. straight
ant. crooked, curved
26 Logarithm (n) a quantity representing ~ of number/figure/price/volatility;
the power to which a common/natural ~; logarithmic (adj):
fixed number (the base) ~ transformation/division /spiral/
must be raised to expression/scale/progression/techniq
produce a given number ue/
form/term/graph
27 Multiply (v) increase or cause to ~ the weight/equation/risk/figure
increase greatly in /coefficient; cross ~; ~ by ten;
number or quantity multiplication (n): ~ table/sign;
multiplier (n): ~ effect; multiplicity
(n),
multipliable (adj), multiplicative
(adj)
28 Number (n) an arithmetical value registration/job/average/plate/car/car
expressed by a word, d ~; add/divide/multiply/subtract/
symbol, or figure, dial/phone ~; cardinal/ordinal/
representing a particular decimal/high/low/prime/
quantity and used in random/(un)lucky/winning/(un)even/
counting and making odd ~;
calculations numbered (adj), outnumber (v)
29 Outcome (n) sth that happens as a affect/influence/decide/determine/ach
result of an activity or ieve/have /produce the (an) ~;
process final/possible/likely/
probable/anticipated/
(un)expected/inevitable/(un)intended
logical/predicted ~;
syn. result
30 Precise (adj) marked by exactness ~ calculation/identification/solution/
and accuracy of wording
expression or detail /value/measurement/language/
concept/location/number/definition/le
ngth/width/height;
extremely/very/absolutely/
212
fairly/quite ~; precision (n),
precisely (adv);
syn. exact
ant. imprecise, approximate
31 Property (n) sth of value, either ~ market/prices/value/developer/
tangible, such as land, owner/tax;
or intangible, such as hold/own/acquire/buy/invest
patents, copyrights, etc.; in/purchase/inherit/sell/lease/let/rent
a quality, attribute, or out ~;
distinctive feature of sth attribute the ~ to sth;
medical/mechanical/
basic ~ies;
syn. possession, quality, feature
32 Proportion (n) a part, share, or number alternate/direct/inverse ~; ~
considered in grow/increase/
comparative relation to rise/decline/decrease/fall; equivalent/
a whole; a ratio between similar/different/differing/ varying/
two variable quantities fixed/exact/approximate/
average/overall ~;
proportion (v); (dis)proportionate
(adj);
syn. percentage
ant. disproportion
33 Ratio (n) a measure of the relative reduce/calculate/find/work
size of two classes out/achieve/
expressible as a have/improve/worsen the ~;
proportion; a quotient of high/low/ benefit-to-risk/power-to-
two numbers or weight, etc. ~;
quantities syn. correlation
34 Reduce (v) make smaller or less in ~ the
amount, degree, or size emission/risk/cost/amount/number/
danger/incidence/proportion/
inflation;
be designed/ intended/expected/likely
to ~;
reducer (n): noise/water/acid ~;
reduction (n): ~ target; achieve/make/
secure /avoid/ask for/demand/seek ~;
syn. lessen
ant. increase, enlarge
35 Root (n) the basic cause, source, ~ cause/system/crops/vegetables;
or origin of sth; a get/go back to/return to the ~; square
number or quantity that ~; calculate the ~ of n; root (v): be
when multiplied, deeply ~ed in sth, ~ sth out
213
typically by a specified
number of times, gives
a specified number or
quantity; a user account
with full and
unrestricted access to a
system
36 Sequence (n) a particular order in whole/continuous/complex/correct/al
which related things phabetical/chronological/logical/natu
follow each other ral/random ~; complete/follow the ~;
sequential (ad): ~
access/circuit/step/structure/procedur
e/stage/process/pattern/file/data;
syn. arrangement
37 Square (adj) a plane figure with four ~ meter/kilometer/mile/foot; 15
equal straight sides and meters/feet ~; ~ brackets/table;
four right angles; the square (n): ~ on
product of a number hypotenuse/radius/10
multiplied by itself: Cf. cubic
38 Subtract (v) take away (a number or ~ the
amount) from another to number/amount/percentage/sum/
calculate the difference interest/result; subtraction (n): ~
process/problem/term/tool/assay/tech
nique;
subtractor(er) (n), subtractive (adj): ~
gesture/procedure;
syn. deduct
ant. add
39 Value (n) the importance, worth, ~ system; place/put/set/add ~ on/to
or usefulness of sth; an sth; increase/ raise/double/triple the ~
amount, esp. a material of sth; , etc.;
or monetary one, high/low/full/total/real/true/nominal
considered to be a fair ~; valued (adj); valueless (adj);
exchange in return for (in)valuable (adj): ~
sth service/contribution;
syn. worth, price
40 Verify (v) make sure or ~ a(n)
demonstrate that sth is formula/code/equation/solution/
true, accurate, or identity/address/detail/condition/posi
justified tion/ authenticity; verifier (n),
verifiable (adj), verifiably (adv),
verification (n): ~
data/center/procedure/place
214
8-е изд., исп. и доп. – Масловский Е.К. – ABBYY, 2008.
Nov. 2015]
http://www.computerhope.com/jargon.htm [Accessed: 3 Nov. 2015]
ACTIVITIES
1. derive
2. altitude
3. calculate
4. deviate
5. divide
6. deduct
7. finite
1. add
2. approximate
3. average
4. fraction
5. precise
6. reduce
7. rigid

add
argument
calculating
derive
functionally
multiplication
215
a number
outcome
proportion
Adj/Verb Target vocabulary unit
root
1. angle A. a unit of measuring angles

2. axis B. a general relationship, principle, or rule stated, often as
an equation, in the form of symbols
3. coefficient C. the space (usually measured in degrees) between two
intersecting lines or surfaces at or close to the point where
they meet
4. degree D. a quantity representing the power to which a fixed
number (the base) must be raised to produce a given
number
5. equation E. the product of all the factors of a term excluding one or
216
more specified variables; a numerical or constant quantity
placed before and multiplying the variable in an algebraic
expression
6. formula F. an imaginary line about which a body rotates; a fixed
reference line for the measurement of coordinates
7. logarithm G. a statement that the values of two mathematical
expressions are equal
1. Suddenly he found himself involved ______ an argument.

2. Average is a number arrived _____by totaling a set of values and then dividing
that sum by the number of values in the set.
3. Commercial jets fly ____ 9000 meters altitude.
4. During debates students should put ____ good arguments to support their point
of view.
5. How do scientists and mathematicians come ___ _____ theories?
6. Pi tends ________ infinity.
7. Investment _____ property can result in high returns or a deep-pocketed loss.

1. multiply - divide A. general and specific
2. equation - value B. cause and effect
3. equation – linear equation C. contrast
4. property - possession D. method and purpose
5. verification - trust E. part and whole
6. reduction – deficit F. equivalence
7. subtract - add
Activity 8. Decode Tobias Danzig’s saying about mathematics and comment on it:
217
diagram below:
1. equation – formula
2. number – value
3. altitude – angle
4. approximate – average
5. derivation – deviation
6. division – fraction
7. integer – number
1. added
2. calculated
3. approximated
218
4. derived
5. divided
6. reduced
7. valued
1. equation
2. base
3. average
4. verification
5. argumentation
6. approximation
7. coefficient
Activity 12. Calculate the following equations, comment on every step you make to
get the outcome:
8a - 8d = 74
4m2n4 + 2m = 0 5a2 – 5a = 35
Activity 13. Analyze the complexity of different equation types:

a) linear
b) quadratic
c) exponential
d) trigonometric.
Activity 14. Write down three formulas and comment on them.
Activity 15. Do a mini-research and prepare a short report about famous

mathematicians and their theories.
TEST
1 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “equation - value”:

a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and purpose d) part and
whole
2 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “property -
possession”: a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and
purpose d) equivalence
3 All of these are antonyms to the word “divide” EXCEPT FOR:
219
a) combine b) unite c) split d) consolidate
4 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “reduction – deficit”:
5 The space (usually measured in degrees) between two intersecting lines or
surfaces at or close to the point where they meet is known as a(n)______:
a) angle b) base d) degree d) axis
6 A numerical or constant quantity placed before and multiplying the variable
in an algebraic expression is known as a(n)___:
a) value b) number d) argument d) coefficient
7 During debates students should put _____ good arguments to support their
point of view. a) forward b) for c) aside d) in
8 Pi tends ____ infinity. a) forward b) for c) to d) towards
9 A ______ is a quotient of two numbers or quantities.
a) coefficient b) ratio c) vale d) fraction
10 Mark the odd word: a) multiplication b) multiplicity c) multiplier d) multiple
11 All of these are synonyms EXCEPT FOR: a) derive b) calculate c) compute
d) count
12 All of these are antonyms to the word “precise” EXCEPT FOR:
a) incorrect b) imprecise c) approximate d) exact
13 The result obtained by adding together several amounts and then dividing
this total by the number of such amounts is known as a(n)___ :
a) average b) approximation c) reduction d) deduction
14 Linear, quadratic, exponential, trigonometric are examples of:
a) equations b) formulas c) values d) functions
15 Subtracting, adding, dividing and multiplying are examples of ___.
a) mathematical operations b) formulas c) functions d) values
16 All of these collocate with the noun “outcome” EXCEPT FOR:
a) probable b) anticipated c) inevitable d) inverse
17 ‘S = v*t’ is an example of a___: a) fraction b) formula c) ratio d) function
18 Commercial jets fly _____ 9000 meters altitude.
a) about b) above c) below d) at
19 Which of these is an example of an odd number: a) 15 b) 14 c) 18 d) 20
20 Which of these is NOT an example of an equation:
a) linear b) quadratic c) exponential d) derivational
220
INDEX
A
Accelerate (v) 91
Access (v) 125
Account (n) 61
Acoustic (adj) 134
Ad hoc (adj) 91
Add (v) 42, 165
Address (n) 114
Administrator (n) 5
Agile (adj) 91
AI (abbr) Artificial Intelligence 91
Algorithm (n) 104
Align (v) 14
Allocate (v) 114
Altitude (n) 165
Amplify (v) 91
Amplitude (n) 134
Analyst (n) 5
Analyze (v) 151
Angle (n) 165
Anonymity (n) 61
Antenna (n) 134
Aperture (n) 134
Applet (n) 104
Application (n) 42
Approximate (adj) 165
Architect (n) 5
Archive (n) 125
Argument (n) 165
Array (n) 104, 125
Assemble (v) 104
Assist (v) 22
Asynchronous (adj) 91
Attack (n) 81
Attenuation (n) 134
Authenticate (v) 81
Authorize (v) 81
Avatar (n) 61
Average (adj) 165
Axis (n) 165
B
Back (adj) 5
Back door (adj) 81
Backbone (n) 114
Backup (n) 125
Band (n) 141
Bandwidth (n) 114
Barcode (n) 22
221
Base (n) 166
Battery (n) 32
Beacon (n) 134
Beam (n) 141
Bear (v) 141
Behavior (n) 151
Best practices (n) 91
Beta test (n) 91
Binary (adj) 104
Biometric (adj) 92
BIOS (abbr) 45
Bit (n) 125
Blackout (n) 141
Block (v) 61
Blog (n) 61
Blogger (n) 5
Bluetooth (n) 32
Blu-ray (n) 125
Board (n) 32
Bold (adj) 14
Bookmark (n) 61
Boot (v) 45
Bootlegger (n) 70
Botmaster (n) 5
Braille (n) 22
Breach (n) 70
Break (v) 32
Breakthrough (n) 92
Bricks and clicks (n) 92
Bridge (n) 114
Broadcast (n) 114
Browse (v) 60
Buffer (n) 125
Bug (n) 104
Bullet (n) 14
BYOD (abbr) 22
Byte (n) 125
C
Cable (n) 114
Cache (v) 125
CAD (acr) Computer-aided design 151
Calculate (v) 166
Camera (n) 22
Capacity (n) 125
Card (n) 32
Carrier (n) 141
Case (n) 14
Cast (v) 60
Catalogue (n) 42
CD (acr) Compact disc 123
Cellular (adj) 141
222
Certificate (n) 81
Channel (n) 115
Channel integration (n) 92
Charge (v) 22
Chip (n) 32
Cipher (n) 81
Classified (adj) 81
Clickbait (n) 60
Clipboard (n) 14
Close (v) 14
Cloud (n) 92
Cluster (n) 42, 92
Cobot (n) 92
Code (n) 104
Code (n) 80
Coefficient (n) 166
Collision (n) 115
Combat (v) 70
Command (n) 102
Commit (v) 70
Community (n) 60
Compass (n) 134
Compatible (adj) 42
Compile (v) 14, 102
Comply (v) 70
Component (n) 33, 151
Compose (v) 102
Compress (v) 102, 123
Compromise (v) 80
Compute (v) 102
Computer (n) 32
Concept (n) 151
Condition (n) 103, 151
Confidential (adj) 80
Configuration (n) 33
Configure (v) 103
Connect (v) 22, 115
Constraint (n) 151
Consumer (n) 6
Content(s) (n) 60
Context (n) 43
Convert (v) 32, 123
Cookie (n) 60
Copy (v) 14
Copyright (n) 70
Correct (v) 14
Corruption (n) 80
Coupling (n) 134
Cover (v) 135
CPU (abbr) 33
Crack (v) 70
Crash (n) 33
223
Creep (v) 61
Crime (n) 70
Crowdfunding (n) 61
Cryptographer (n) 6
CTR (abbr) Clickthrough rate 60
Cube (n) 166
Customer (n) 6
Cutting-edge (adj) 92
Cyber (adj) 61
Cyberbullying (n) 70
Cybercide (n) 70
Cyberslacking (n) 71
Cybersquatting (n) 71
Cycle (n) 33
D
Damp (n) 135
Data (n) 123
Data diddling (n) 71
Decoder (n) 33
Dedicated (adj) 80
Default (n) 103
Degree (n) 166
Delay (v) 135
Delete (v) 15
Density (n) 135
Deny (v) 80
Derive (v) 166
Design (v) 43
Designer (n) 6
Desktop (adj) 43
Detect (v) 81, 141
Developer (n) 6
Deviate (v) 166
Device (n) 23
Diagram (n) 155
Dial-up (n) 115
Diameter (n) 166
Diffuse (v) 142
Digital (adj) 23, 81
Dimension (n) 155
Discrete (adj) 164
Disperse (v) 142
Display (n) 23
Disrupt (v) 81
Disseminate (n) 71
Distort (v) 142
Disturb (v) 135
Divide (v) 164
Domain (n) 115
Download (v) 123
Downtime (n) 33
224
Drive (n) 33
Driver (n) 43
DSL (abbr) Digital Subscriber Line 142
Duplex (adj) 115
Dynamic (adj) 155
E
E- (prf) 23, 61
Echo (n) 115
Edit (v) 15
Effect (n) 155
Efficient (adj) 155
Electron (n) 135
Embed (v) 43
Emission (n) 135
Emoticon (n) Emotion + icon 61
Emulate (v) 43
Encapsulate (v) 43
Encrypt (v) 80
Energy (n) 142
Engineer (n) 6
Engineering (n) 142
Enter (v) 15
Environment (n) 155
Equation (n) 164
Erase (v) 123
Error (n) 103
Ethernet (n) 115
Evaluation (n) 153
Event (n) 153
Execute (v) 104
Expand (v) 33
Experiment (n) 153
Expert (n) 6
Expire (v) 81
Exponential (adj) 164
Expose (v) 81
Exposure (n) 133
Extend (v) 123
F
Fail (v) 81
FAQ (acr) Frequently asked questions 61
Fault (n) 34
Fax (facsimile machine) (n) 23
Feed (v) 61
File (n) 15, 123
Filter (n) 81
Filter (v) 71
Finite (adj) 164
Firewall (n) 81
225
Flash (n) 123
Flash memory (n) 23
Flooding (n) 71
Flow (n) 116
FM (abbr) Frequency Modulation 133
Folder (n) 15
Follower (n) 6
Font (n) 15
Force (n) 153
Format (n) 15, 124
Formula (n) 164
Forum (n) 60
Forward (v) 15, 116
Fraction (n) 164
Fragment (n) 124
Framework (n) 116
Fraud (n) 71
Freelancer (n) 6
Frequency (n) 116
Function (n) 44, 164
G
Gadget (n) 23
Gamepad (n) 23
Geek (n) 6
Generate (v) 104, 142
Geotagging (n) 60
Google Glass (n) 23
H
Hacker (n) 71
Headset (n) 24
Highlight (v) 15
Host (n) 116
Hotspot (n) 116
Hub (n) 116
I
Icon (n) 44
Identity (n) 80
Identity theft (n) 71
IEEE (abbr) The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 142
Image (n) 15
Implement (v) 44
Import (v) 16
Indent (v) 16
Indicator (n) 143
Influence (v) 153
Innovate (v) 90
Input (n) 24
Insert (v) 16
226
Install (v) 44
Instruction (n) 104
Integer (n) 164
Integrate (v) 104
Integrity (n) 80
Intensity (n) 133
Interface (n) 44
Intrude (v) 80
Intruder (n) 70
ISP 7
Italic(s) (n) 16
Iteration (n) 44
J
Jacking (n) 70
Joystick (n) 34
K
Kernel (n) 45
Key (n) 34
Keylogging (n) 70
Keyword (n) 124
Knowledge (n) 90
L
Lamer (n) 6
Landline (n) 143
Language (n) 104
Laser (n) 34
Latency (n) 116
Launch (v) 45
Layer (n) 114
Layman (n) 7
Layout (n) 16
Lens (n) 24
Level (n) 133
Library (n) 124
License (n) 45
Life hacker (n) 90
Linear (adj) 165
Link (n) 60
Locate (v) 133
Log (v) 60
Log in/on (v) 80
Logarithm (n) 165
Loop (n) 102
LTE Long-Term Evolution (4G) 143
Lurker (n) 7
M
Manager (n) 7
227
Mail (n) 60
Maintain (v) 34, 102
Manipulate (v) 153
Manual (n) 102
Margin (n) 16
Master (n) 7
Measure (v) 153
Media (n) 61
Meme (n) 60
Memory (n) 34, 124
Menu (n) 45
Mobile (adj) 143
Model (n) 153
Modem (n) 34
Moderator (n) 7
Modify (v) 90
Modulate (v) 133
Monitor (n) 24, 34
Monitor (v) 61
Mount (v) 143
Mouse (n) 34
Mousetrapping (n) 70
Move (v) 16
MP3 (n) 24
Multi- (prf) 90
Multiply (v) 165
N
Nano (n) 90
Navigate (v) 61
Nerd (n) 7
Netbook (n) 24
Netizen (n) 7
Network (n) 114
Neural network 90
Newbie (n) 7
Next-generation (adj) 90
Noise (n) 114
Number (n) 165
O
Open source (n) 90
Operate (v) 35, 102
Operating System OS (abbr) 45
Operator (n) 7
Optical (adj) 24
Optimize (v) 154
Option (n) 16, 154
Oscillate (v) 133
Outcome (n) 165
Output (n) 24
228
Outsourcing (n) 90
Overwrite (v) 124
P
Package (n) 45
Packet (n) 114
Packet monkey (n) 70
Page (n) 124
Parameter (n) 154
Password (n) 61, 80
Paste (v) 16
Patch (n) 102
Pending (v) 16
Penetrate (v) 80
Period (n) 134
Periphery (n) 35
Pharming (n) 70
Phase (n) 134
Phishing (n) 71
Phracking (n) 70
Phreaking (n) 70
Piggybacking (n) 70
Piracy (n) 70
Pixel (n) 24
Platform (n) 35
Plotter (n) 25
Pointer (n) 46
Port (n) 35
Post (v) 61
Power (n) 143
Precise (adj) 165
Predict (v) 154
Preserve (v) 124
Printer (n) 35
Privacy (n) 80
Probability (n) 154
Procedure (n) 103
Process (n) 35
Process (v) 102
Program (v) 103
Programmer (n) 7
Projector (n) 25
Proof (adj) 91
Proofread (v) 16
Propagate (v) 143
Property (n) 165
Proportion (n) 154, 165
Proprietary (adj) 80
Protocol (n) 114
Prototype (n) 103
Provider (n) ISP 7
PTOYED (abbr) 25
229
Q
Quantum (n) 136
Quantum programming (n) 91
Query (n) 124
Queue (n) 145
R
R&D (abbr) Research and Development 91
Radio (n) 134
Ratio (n) 154, 166
Ray (n) 134
Real-time (adj) 91
Receiver (n) 114
Recognition (n) 91
Record (n) 124
Recover (v) 46, 124
Recursion (n) 103
Reduce (v) 166
Redundancy (n) 104
Reflect (v) 134
Register (v) 125
Regulate (v) 134
Relay (v) 134
Release (v) 46
Rely (v) 81
Remote (adj) 91, 143
Remove (v) 35
Repair (v) 35
Repairer (n) 8
Repeat (v) 36
Repudiation (n) 71
Resist (v) 135
Resolution (n) 25
Resonator (n) 143
Restore (v) 125
Restrict (v) 125
Result (n) 154
Retention (n) 125
Retina display (n) 25
Retrieve (v) 125
Reverse (v) 104
Risk (n) 81, 155
Roaming (n) 143
Robot (n) 91
Root (n) 166
Rotate (v) 36
Route (n) 115
S
Safety (n) 81
230
Salami theft/slicing (n) 71
Sample (n) 155
Satellite (adj) 144
Saturate (v) 144
Save (v) 16
Savvy (adj) 8
Scan (v) 36, 81
Scatter (v) 135
Scavenging (n) 71
Scientist (n) 8
Script (n) 46, 104
Second-hand (adj) 25
Secret (n) 81
Sector (n) 36
Secure (adj) 81
Select (v) 17
Sensitive (adj) 81
Sensor (n) 25, 144
Sequence (n) 144, 166
Server (n) 36, 115
Session (n) 115
Shape (n) 155
Shield (v) 144
Signal (n) 115, 135
Simplify (v) 155
Simulate (v) 155
Site (n) 60
Smart (adj) 25, 91
Social media (n, pl.) 91
Software (n) 46
Solar (adj) 144
Solution (n) 155
Sonde (n) 144
Space (n) 17
Spam (n) 60
Speakers (n) 25
Specialist (n) 8
Specification (n) 46
Spectrum (n) 135
Spoofing (n) 71
Spreadsheet (n) 17
Square (adj) 166
Stabilize (v) 135
Standard (n) 144
Statistical (adj) 155
Status (n) 60
Steal (v) 71
Store (v) 125
Stream (n) 60
Stroke (n) 17
Structure (n) 155
Subscribe (v) 125
231
Subscriber (n) 8
Subtract (v) 166
Surfer (n) 8
Swap (v) 25
Switch (n) 115
Synchronize (v) 135
System (n) 47, 156
T
Tablet (n) 26
Task (n) 47
Technician (n)
Tele- (prf) 92,145
Telecommunication (n) 115
Telecommuter (n)
Telephony (n) 115
Template (n) 17
Terminal (n) 115
Terminate (v) 135
Test (n) 104
Textese (n) 17
Thread (n) 61, 104
Threat (n) 81
Threshold (n) 135
Tolerant (adj) 92
Tool (n) 104
Topology (v) 116
Touch (v) 26
Trace (v) 60
Track (v) 125
Traffic (n) 145
Transition (n) 145
Transmit (v) 116
Trojan Horse (n) 71
Trolling (n) 71
Troubleshoot (n) 104
Troubleshooter (n)
Tune (v) 136
Tunnel (n) 145
Type (v) 17
U
Underscore (v) 17
Unit (n) 36
Update (v) 47
Upgrade (v) 26
Upload (v) 125
User (n) 8
Utility (n) 47
V
232
Valid (adj) 81
Value (n) 105, 166
Variable (n) 105
Velocity (n) 156
Vendor (n) 8
Verify (v) 166
Version (n) 48
Vibration (n) 145
View (v) 17
Viral (adj, n) 92
Virtual (adj) 61
Virus (n) 71
Volume (n) 156
Vulnerability (n) 82
W
Ware (n) 48
Wave (n) 136
Wearable (adj) 26
Web (n) 61
Webcam (n) 26
Widget (n) 48
Wiki (n) 61
Window (n) 48
Wireless (adj) 116
Wiretapping (n) 71
Wizard (n) 9
World Wide Web (n) 61
WORM (acr) Write Once Read Many 125
Worm (n) 71
233

TP Terminological Practicum For IT Students

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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

INTERNATIONAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY JSC

Approved by Academic-Methodological Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Terminological practicum for IT students/V.A. Yermakova, B.D. Jolamanova, M. Vasquez –

Одобрено Республиканским учебно-методическим советом

Terminological practicum for IT students/В.А. Ермакова, Б.Д. Джоламанова,

Module 10. Data storage

№ Term Definition Usage

1. Computer and information technology occupations. US Bureau of Labour

Activity 1. Give synonyms:

Activity 2. Give antonyms:

Noun Verb Adjective Adverb

Verb Target vocabulary unit

Adj/N Target vocabulary unit

Adj/N Target vocabulary unit

Adj/N Target vocabulary unit

Activity 5. Match the given terms with their definitions:

1. cryptographer A. an individual who is responsible for the running of and

Activity 6. Insert prepositions:

1. He is a newbie __ the computer.

Concepts Type of logical relations

1. front end - back end

Activity 11. Relate the following professions to the respective stages of

1 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “master - slave”:

№ Term Definition Usage

1. Oxford Dictionaries, Oxford University Press. [Online]. Available:

Activity 1. Give synonyms:

Activity 2. Give antonyms:

Noun Verb Adjective Adverb

Activity 5. Match the given terms with their definitions:

1. clipboard A. a heavy dot itemizing particular sections of text or

Activity 6. Insert prepositions:

1. My notes are highlighted __ green.

Activity 11. Say what the following is used for:

1 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “emphasis – bold

1. Technology dictionary, Technopedia. Available:

Activity 1. Give synonyms:

Activity 2. Give antonyms:

Noun Verb Adjective Adverb

Target vocabulary unit Noun

Target vocabulary unit Noun

Verb Target vocabulary unit

Activity 5. Match the given terms with their definitions:

1. upgrade A. a device that holds an earphone and a microphone in

Activity 6. Insert prepositions:

1. compact disk– blue ray

Activity 11. Say when and why the following is done:

Activity 12. Say what can be… and how:

Activity 14. Create a survey of students’ favorite devices/gadgets. Make a graph

№ Term Definition Usage

1. Oxford Reference. Oxford University Press. [Online]. Available:

Activity 1. Give synonyms:

Activity 2. Give antonyms:

Noun Verb Adjective Adverb

Verb Target vocabulary unit

Verb Target vocabulary unit

Target vocabulary unit Noun

Target vocabulary unit Noun

1. expand A. a circuit board that can be inserted in a computer to

Activity 6. Insert prepositions:

1. Insert the disk ___ drive A.

Concepts Type of logical relations

Activity 11. Say what the following is used for: