Leadership

The everyone’s business

1. Lussie, Robert N., Christopher F. Achuan.2010. Leadership: Theory, Application and Skill Development. 4ed. South – Western
Cengage Learning.
2. Hughes, Richard L., Robert C. Ginnett, Gordon J. Curphy, Leadership: Enhancing the Lessons of Experience. 6th ed. McGraw-
Hill.
Session #1

Students should be able to describe the leadership

1. Definition of Leadership

2. Manager – Leader

3. Analysis Level of Leadership

4. Leadership Theory Paradigm

Lets Having Fun
Games
Sebuah perahu tenggelam. Ada 10 penumpang yang sekarang berusaha
menyelematkan diri. Empat orang orang sudah berada di perahu sekoci. 6
orang masih mengapung di air.

Ada waktu 10 menit untuk orang-orang yang di perahu untuk menyelamatkan

yang lainnya. Adapaun hambatan yang dihadapai adalah sbb:

1. Waktu 10 menit
2. Penolong hanya bisa membawa satu orang sekali jalan
3. Perahu sekoci hanya muat 8 orang
4. Di perahu ada seorang dokter ahli bedah jantung yang sangat terkenal,
seorang ibu hamil, seorang kakek yang sangat kaya, dua orang tua salah
satu yang selamat, dan satu orang mahasiswa
Choose Your Leaders
What is leadership?
Leadership

• The process by which an agent induces a subordinate to behave in a desired

manner
• Directing and coordinating the work of group members
• An interpersonal relation in which others comply because they want to, not
because the have to
• The process of influencing an organized group toward accomplishing its goals
• Action that focus resources to create desirable opportunities
• The leader’s job is to create conditions for the team to be effective
• The ends of leadership involve getting results through others, and the means
of leadership involve the ability to build cohesive, goal-oriented teams. Good
leaders are those who build teams to get results across a variety of situations
• Leadership represents a complex form of social problem solving
Leadership is Both a Science and an Art
Leadership is Both Rational and Emotional
Leadership and Management
Leadership and Followership
 Key Elements of Leadership
Influence

Leaders–Followers Leadership Organizational Objectives

Change People
Leadership Managerial
Roles
 Managers Leaders
Administer Innovate
Maintain Develop
Control Inspire
Short-term View Long-term View
How and When? What and Why?
Imitate Originate
Accept the status quo Challenge
 Discussion Question #2

Are you interested in sharing leadership, or

do you prefer to be a follower?
Functions Performed by Managers
All managers perform four major
functions:

Planning
Organizing
Leading
Thus, leadership is a part of every manager’s job
Controlling
Are All Leaders Managers?

Manager = formal title and authority

Leader = person (manager or non-manager) with
influence
Follower = person influenced by a leader
Influence

• Is the process of a leader communicating

ideas, gaining acceptance of them, and motivating
followers to support and implement the ideas
through change
• It is the essence of leadership
• Managers may influence through coercion
• Leaders influence by gaining followers’ commitment
and enthusiasm
Leadership Managerial Roles
1. Figurehead
Interpersonal 2. Leader
3. Liaison

4. Monitor
Informational 5. Disseminator
6. Spokesperson

7. Entrepreneur
8. Disturbance-handler
Decisional
9. Resource-allocator
10. Negotiator
Levels of Analysis of
Leadership Theory
Levels of Analysis of Leadership Theory

Levels
Of
Leadership
Analysis

Individual
Individual Level

• Focuses on the individual

leader and the relationship
with individual followers

• Called the “dyadic process”

• Reciprocal influence
Group Level

• Focuses on the relationship

between the individual leader and
the collective group of followers

• Called the “group process”

• How the leader contributes to

group effectiveness

• An important part is meetings

Organizational Level
• Focuses on how top
management influences
organizational performance

• Called the “organizational

process”

• Deals with organizational

adaptability and transformation
Interrelationships among the Levels of Analysis

• Group and organizational performance are

based on individual performance
– If individual performance is low, then group and
organizational performance will be low as well

• Organizational performance is also based on

group performance
– If groups are not effective, organizational
performance will be low

• Both group and organizational performance

also affect the performance of the individual
– If both the group members and the group are
highly motivated and productive, chances are
the individual will be productive as well
Leadership Theory
Paradigm
Leadership Theories

Are explanations of some aspects of leadership

Have practical value because they are used to
better understand, predict, and control
successful leadership
 Leadership Paradigm
Is a shared mindset that represents a
fundamental way of thinking about,
perceiving, studying, researching, and
understanding leadership
Has changed over the last 60 years during which
it has been studied
Leadership Theory Classifications

The four leadership theory

classifications include:

Trait Contingency

Behavioral Integrative
Leadership Trait Theories

Attempt to explain distinctive High energy level

characteristics accounting for
Appearance
leadership effectiveness to
identify a set of physical and Aggressiveness
psychological traits that all
successful leaders possess Persuasiveness

Dominance

Self-reliance
Behavioral Leadership Theories

• Attempt to explain distinctive styles used by

effective leaders, or to define the nature of
their work

• What the leader actually does on the job

(behavior)
 Contingency Leadership Theories

• Attempt to explain the appropriate leadership style

based on the leader, followers, and situation

• Are called “universal theories”

• Try to predict which traits and/or behaviors will

result in leadership success given the situational
variables
Integrative Leadership Theories

Attempt to combine the trait, behavioral, and

contingency theories to explain
successful, influencing leader–follower
relationships
 Discussion Question

Some people say the hard skills

(finance, quantitative analysis) are more
important for managers than soft skills
(developing relationships, leadership), and
some say the opposite is true. What do you
think?
Requirement for Leadership Skills

Managerial/
leadership

technical

core

staf manajer eksekutif