1- Principles:- sustainability is made up of three pillars:

economy-The economic principles of sustainable construction include value for

money; maximum output with minimum input; integration of short-term return and
long-term benefits; stakeholder partnerships and human quality of life.

society-Social sustainability combines design of the physical realm with design of

the social world – infrastructure to support social and cultural life, social amenities,
systems for citizen engagement, and space for people and places to evolve.

environment- Sustainable design seeks to reduce negative impacts on the

environment, and the health and comfort of building occupants, thereby improving
building performance.

 Strategies:- optimize site potential;

 minimize non-renewable energy consumption;
 use environmentally preferable products;

2-
(i). embodied energy- Embodied energy is the sum of all the energy required to produce
any goods or services, considered as if that energy was incorporated or
. embodied in the product itself.
for eg. Precast tilt-up concrete

(ii). Gray water- Greywater recycling system is a technology used to collect the water already
used for other activities, clean and plumb it back for reuse
For eg. domestic wastewater generated in households or office
buildings from streams without fecal contamination

(iii). Living roof- A living roof or green roof goes by even more names. You might hear it
being called a roof garden or a garden roof as well.
For eg. City Hall, Chicago, IL. The 38,800 square foot green roof atop
the 11-story City Hall building was constructed in 2001
(iv). Low flow showerhead- A low flow shower head is a replacement fixture for showers. It
is used to reduce the amount of water flowing through the shower's tap.
For eg. ShowerStart Evolve shower 
(v). façade- He front of a building also any face of a building given special architectural
treatment a museum's east façade. 
For eg. the front of the local mall

3-

(i). cork- Just like bamboo, cork grows very quickly. It can also be harvested from a living
tree, which continues to grow and reproduce more cork, which is a tree bark. Cork is resilient, flexible
and reverts to its original shape even after enduring sustaining pressure. Its resilience and resistance to
wear, makes it a common element in floor tiles. It also excellently absorbs noise, making it perfect for
insulation sheets, and due to its excellent shock absorption qualities, it perfect for sub-flooring. It can
also be a good thermal insulator as it is fire resistant, especially if untreated, and does not release toxic
gases when it burns. Cork, in being nearly impermeable, does not absorb water or rot.Unfortunately, it
can only be sourced from the Mediterranean, making shipping it a bit costly. Fortunately, it is
extremely light and only requires less energy and emissions to ship.

(ii). Straw bales- It is another green building material that can be used as a framing
material. They have good insulation properties and can act as soundproof material. It can also be used
as fill material in between columns and in beams framework/ as they cannot allow air through, they
can have some fire resistance properties. Straw can be harvested and re-planted easily with minimal
environmental impacts. Making straw into bales also has very low influence. They can also be placed
in walls, attics and ceilings, to contribute to cooler the house in the summer and warmer temperatures
in the winter.

-
(iii). Plant-based Polyurethane Rigid Foam Rigid foam has for long been
used as insulation material in building. It was first used after a top manufacturer of surfboard material,
was fined by the EPA, and subsequently put out of business, for using a toxic material. The new
surfboard material was made from plant-based polyurethane rigid foam, which came from bamboo,
kelp and hemp, rejuvenating the surfboard industry. It is now in use in the manufacturing process
including that of turbine blades and furniture. The material is rigid and relatively immovable, meaning
it can be used for insulation. Additionally, it offers protection against mould and pests. It is also heat
resistant, protects against mould and pests, and can be perfect as sound insulation.