Review of Related Literature for Design 6 Midterm Plate: Wellness Resort Dervelopment, Tanauan

Batangas

- could be about sustainable building materials.

- Planning of resorts
-

Local

Sustainable vernacular building materials:

- Tanauan Batangas is abundant in Abaca and Abaca is one of the prominent indigenous materials
used for furniture-making here in the Philippines. Abaca can also be used as a building material.
A research investigated about using natural abaca fibers as construction materials. The results
indicate that abaca fibers can be used as internal curing agents owing to their high water
absorption rate, which results from the cross-sectional characteristics of their hollow bundle-type
tubular structure. Abaca fibers are found to be an effective alternative that can mitigate the risk of
cracking by reducing the autogenous shrinkage of high-performance cement concrete products.

- Santol or cotton fruit is common in the Philippines. The santol fruit is ideal as a wood
alternative. While the material is less dense compared to other wood variants, it is actually very
easy to work with. With correct curing, this wood is highly resistant to wood borers, making it
ideal to use as skeletal framework.

-  Rice Hull Ash Cement (RHAC) - Concrete is essential for modern homes, and given that the
standard variety has ingredients of volcanic origin, it can be costly, particularly in copious
amounts. Fortunately, the ash from rice hulls or husks is an affordable and effective substitute.
When burned between 700 to 750 degrees Celsius, the ash from palay coverings offer binding
properties that make it a suitable additive to cement solutions. Since rice is a common crop in the
country, RHAC building materials are easy to sustain.

- Coconut Lumber - When Palm trees stopped bearing fruit, it was commonly just felled to give
way for the plantation of new trees. With the increase in prices of more commonly used lumber
variants, recent years have seen the exploration of palm trees as an alternative source. The once
low valued senile coconut palm trees have since been promoted as a source of income for the
lumber industry, with the material a source of veneer and numerous building products.

- Cocoboard - Using the husk of the coconut as raw material, a team of Swiss and Filipino
specialists at Naturloop have designed fiberboard, dubbed Cocoboard, that they hope will replace
medium-density fiberboard typically used in housing projects. As the coconut husk is abundant
for harvesting in the Philippines, the building material is also sustainable and affordable.
Naturloop has collaborated with The Hilti Foundation and Base Bahay in a social housing
development to promote alternative technology in social housing construction in the Philippines.
Low and medium-density Cocoboard prototypes were trialed as wall cladding and ceiling panels
in Tacloban, Philippines. After being used for an extensive period, the panels' performance
received positive feedback from users, and improvements have since been made. Laminated
 cocoboard is best used for cabinetry, shelving, and wall cladding. 100% bio based, zero
formaldehyde emissions, and termite resistant.

- Composite Roofing Shingles- made of a synthetic polymer or recycled materials and designed to
look exactly like a slate or cedar shake roof. The manufacturers of composite shingles use molds
of real slate tiles and cedar shakes to give them a truly authentic look.
Shingle roofings often support houses using asphalt and wood. Still, these materials are costly,
hard to maintain, and manage, not to mention very susceptible to changes in climate and molds.
This is where composite or artificial comes in. They are made with recycled materials such as
paper products and fiberglass, making them weather friendly and not easy to corrode. It is fire-
resistant and robust against moisture and mold growth. It is also lighter than traditional roofing,
which is easier to install. To add to the incentives, it is low maintenance and can be replaced in
the next 30-50 years of its lifetime; an average asphalt shingle lasts only 15-20 years with good
maintenance at hand. 

- Straw Bales- Insulation foams are chemically treated materials that cause harmful environmental
effects, not to mention costly. A better alternative is from farming materials called straw bales. It
mimicked insulation properties well and came from farming scraps; it is innovative, sustainable,
and cheap. It contributes to building energy ratings by trapping excess heat in the winter and
keeping it out in the summer. This reduces the need for energy-intensive forms of temperature
control, such as air conditioning, and lowers electricity bills. Straw can be easily harvested and
replanted with little environmental impact. They are made from the waste of the agricultural
industry. It is sourced from grass, making it a renewable and easily harvested building material.
Low cost, high thermal insulation, moisture resistance, and safety. It can also be used for sound
insulation in the house, a better alternative to polyurethane which is non-eco-friendly to produce. 

- Precast Concrete Slabs - Who would have thought that a factory-made material is more
environmentally sustainable? Another needed building material in constructing buildings is
bricks, but a greener option has a good alternative, like precast concrete slabs. It is incredibly
durable and can fight different weather conditions to protect the inside of the house, not to
mention affordable to produce. The slabs require less energy to produce and assemble than many
conventional concrete types. It also helps control heat more effectively, saving more electricity in
the long run. A lightweight filler, such as foam insulation, is usually sandwiched between the
surface layer. Construction of the material takes place in a factory, which reduces the likelihood
of cracks and structural faults forming in the concrete. It is poured into pre-made molds and
cured. After it hardens, it can be shipped and installed in various structures. This ease in
construction reduces not only the cost but also the carbon footprint.
-

References:

Abaca: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S235271022200732X#:~:text=Abaca
%20fibers%20are%20found%20to,high%2Dperformance%20cement%20concrete%20products.
Cocoboard:

https://www.archdaily.com/989529/the-use-of-indigenous-and-locally-sourced-materials-in-philippines-
architecture

https://naturloop.com/about/?utm_medium=website&utm_source=archdaily.com

https://pinoybuilders.ph/building-better/

other links:

https://www.buensalidoarchitects.com/2015/10/use-of-indigenous-filipino-materials-and-methods-in-
building-green-homes/#:~:text=Santol%20Wood&text=While%20the%20material%20is
%20comparatively,to%20wood%20borers%2C%20or%20bukbok.

History of Tanauan Batangas:

https://tanauancity.gov.ph/history/

https://www.batangashistory.date/2020/02/tanauan-batangas-historical-data.html

Foreign

https://unhabitat.org/sites/default/files/download-manager-files/Sustainable%20Building%20Design
%20for%20Tropical%20Climates_1.pdf

https://arcmaxarchitect.com/sustainable-beach-resort-architecture-design-ideas

- https://www.habitaarchitects.com/project/soneva-kiri/
- https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/websites-wordpress-uploads/www.soneva.com/wp-
content/uploads/2018/02/Soneva_Sustainability_Report.pdf
- https://www.sabi-sands.com/
- https://www.archdaily.com/921982/cheetah-plains-lodge-arrcc
- https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.4102/koedoe.v64i1.1710
- https://www.anantara.com/uploads/minor/anantara/documents/anantara-riverside-bangkok-
resort/hotel-info/anantara_riverside_bangkok_resort_factsheet_mar2022.pdf
- http://www.greenroofs.com/projects/anantara-riverside-bangkok-resort-rooftop-hydroponic-farm/

Bacterial Concrete as a Sustainable Building Material

https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/2/696