BIAXIAL BENDING

Example: Design the longitudinal and shear reinforcement for a 300mm square, short braced
column which supports an ultimate axial load of 1250kN and bending moments of 35kNm about
the y-y axis and 25kNm about the Z-Z axis (from elastic analysis). C25/30 concrete and Grade
500 steel reinforcement is used.

Column input details

Column geometry
Overall depth; h =300 mm
Overall breadth; b = 300 mm
Stability in the y direction; Braced
Stability in the z direction; Braced
Concrete details
Concrete strength class; C25/30
Partial safety factor for concrete (2.4.2.4(1)); C = 1.50
Coefficient cc (3.1.6(1)); cc = 0.85
Maximum aggregate size; dg = 20 mm
Reinforcement details
Nominal cover to links; cnom = 37 mm
Longitudinal bar diameter;  = 25mm(assumed)
Link diameter; v = 8 mm(assumed)
2
Characteristic yield strength; fyk = 500 N/mm
Partial safety factor for reinft (2.4.2.4(1)); S = 1.15
Axial load and bending moments from frame analysis
Design axial load; NEd = 1250.0 kN
 Moment about z axis at top; Mtopz = 25.0 kNm
Moment about z axis at bottom; Mbtmz = 0.0 kNm
Moment about y axis at top; Mtopy = 35.0 kNm
Moment about y axis at bottom; Mbtmy = 0.0 kNm

Calculated column properties

Concrete properties
Ac = h  b = 90000 mm
2
Area of concrete;
2
Characteristic compression cylinder strength; fck = 25 N/mm
fcd = cc  fck / C = 14.2 N/mm
2
Design compressive strength (3.1.6(1));

Design yield strength of reinforcement

fyd = fyk / S = 434.8 N/mm
2
Design yield strength (3.2.7(2));
Effective depths of bars for bending about z axis
Layer 1 (in tension face); dz1 = h - cnom - v -  / 2 = 239mm
Layer 2; dz2 = dz1 - sy = 61mm
Effective depths of bars for bending about y axis
Layer 1 (in tension face); dy1 = b - cnom - v -  / 2 =239mm
Layer 2; dy2 = dy1 - sz = 61mm

Frame analysis moments about y axis combined with moments due to imperfections (cl. 5.2 & 6.1(4))
Eccentricity due to geometric imperfections (y axis); eiy = l0y /400 ≥h/30≥20mm= 20 mm
Design Moment MEd,y=M02+eNEd=35+(0.02*1250)=35+25=60kNm
Design Moment MEd,z=M02+eNEd=25+(0.02*1250)=25+25=50kNm

Chart
Chart ratio =d2/h=61/300=0.203; Use chart for 0.25

Axial load ratio

Bending moment ratio

From chart,
 2
Provide 4H32 (3217mm )

Links
Minimum link size≥32/4,6mm. Take 8mm links.
Vertical spacing of links: S≤12*32≤0.6(300)≤240mm. Take 180mm as maximum spacing.

Biaxial Checks

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