Development Team of the Module:

Evaluators: Ryan Dela Cruz

Jonafe Salvador Dalumangcad
Jeanne T. Walid
Writers: Angel Rose Marie L. Ybañez
Ma-an C. Actub
Maryjane C. Mccary
Kimberly C. Magaway
Carmy V. Macua
Lianne L. Mutia
Marylene C. Tizon
Diocesa V. Montecalvo
Cirila C. Natividad
Illustrator: Jay Michael A. Calipusan

Management Team:
Chairperson: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III
Regional Director
Co-Chairpersons: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr., CESO V
Asst. Regional Director
Mala Epra B. Magnaong
CES, CLMD
Members: Dr. Bienvenido U. Tagolimot, Jr.
Regional ADM Coordinator
Dr. Angelina B. Buaron
EPS, English

Printed in the Philippines by: Department of Education – Regional Office 10

Office Address: Zone 1, Upper Balulang Cagayan de Oro City 9000
Telefax: (088) 880-7071, (088) 880-7072
E-mail Address: region10@deped.gov.ph
 Module 3
Writing the Concept Paper

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 Table
Tableof
ofContents
Contents

What I Need to Know 3

Page No.
What I Know
Overview 5 96

Lesson
Module1
Content 7 96

Lesson 2
Objectives 10 96
Pretest 98

Lesson 1 100

Lesson 2 103

Post test 123

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 What I Need to Know

For the learners

Writing is a very crucial task to do. It requires enough knowledge for

the topic that you are going to write on and you need to be equipped with
the different strategies in your writing skill. This module will bring you to the
broader aspect to develop further your writing ability, specifically in writing
one of the most required outputs in classes, the concept paper. If you don’t
know what it is or unsure on how to make one, this module will be very
helpful. Let’s get you started!

This module is designed for you to develop your skills in writing a

concept paper. As you go along, you will explore different interesting
activities that will provide you productive learning experiences. After this
module, it is expected that you know what a concept paper is and how to
write one. Covering two lessons: (1) concept paper and its parts, and (2)
modes or patterns in presenting a concept, this module specifically directs
you develop six competencies, from CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-Ig-j-19 to
CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-Ig-j-24 (ref. EAAP Curriculum Guide).

Objectives:
At the end of this module, you are expected to:

1. define the concept paper;

2. identify the different elements in writing a concept paper;
3. identify the parts of a concept paper and the importance of each part;
4. comprehend on the different modes or patterns that a concept paper can be
explained;
5. identify situations in which a concept paper may be effectively used in the
society;
6. explain and clarify concepts from different fields of specialization;
7. write a concept paper on a specific topic related to your strand; and
8. create a video where a concept paper is presented using visual/graphic aids.

General Instructions
Now that you are holding this module, do the following:

1. Read and follow instructions carefully in each lesson.

2. Take note and record points for clarification.
3. Do the activities to fully understand each lesson.

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4. Answer all the given tests and exercises.

For the facilitators:

1. Introduce the lesson on Concept Paper and Its Part. Engage learners to
do the activities religiously, and let the learners carry the tasks with ease and
confidence.

2. Do the What I Know: Instruct the learners to answer the questions to test
how far they know about designing and conducting a survey.

3. Do the activity What’s New: Activate the learners' understanding of the

topics by letting them answer varied activities.

4. Allow students to read What is It. Let the learners fully discover and
comprehend all topics discussed in this module.

5. Let the learners answer the activities on What’s More. Check if they have
understood the topics. Deepen their understanding by completing the guided
questions on what I have learned section.

6. Assign the students to do What I can Do activities that shall transfer

knowledge /skills gained or learned into real life situation.

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 What I Know

Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Neatly and legibly, write the letter
of your answer on a clean recycled sheet of paper.

1. It refers to a short summary that tells the reader what the project is, why it is
important, and how it will be carried out.
A. Position paper C. Research paper
B. Concept paper D. Thesis

2. Advantages of writing a concept paper include

A. You may be able to organize your ideas
B. It gives an opportunity to stand out and receive a positive response from
reviewers
C. You are sure to get funding
D. ‘A’ and ‘B’

3. Which of the following is NOT true about references in the concept paper?
A. We can cite references in Introduction and Methods section
B. It is important to write references following standard guidelines
C. Statements should be linked to references
D. We can have as many references as possible

4. How many parts does a concept paper have?

A. 2 C. 4
B. 3 D. 5

5. It is known as the easiest part of the concept paper since most of your ideas will
be referred to the once you drafted.
A. Title C. Body
B. Introduction D. Conclusion

6. Which part of the concept paper that describes the core ideas of the claim?
A. Title C. Body
B. Introduction D. Conclusion

7. Which of the following is NOT included in developing the paragraph of writing the
concept paper.
A. labelling C. definition
B. explication D. explanation

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8. This mode of presenting the concept uses examples to develop the ideas in the
paragraph.
A. labelling C. definition
B. explication D. explanation

9. Why do you need to include the distinguishing feature in formal sentence definition?
A. To present the unique qualities of a term.
B. To recognize it from the other terms.
C. To be different in some terms.
D. None of the above

10. This is the main section of your concept paper.

A. Introduction C. Conclusion
B. Body D. Title

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 What is It

LESSON 1 CONCEPT PAPER AND ITS PARTS

WHAT IS A CONCEPT PAPER?

Concept paper is an academic writing that presents a short summary that tells
the reader what the project is, why it is important, and how it will be carried out. Even
if no one else ever reads it, the concept paper helps a researcher spot hole in her or
his project that might later prove fatal (Kimper, nd).

Typically, a concept paper contains these elements:

1. A title in the form of a question. This may be the last part of the concept
paper that you write, but it should appear at the heading of the paper.

2. A clear description of the research topic, including a summary of what is

already known about that topic.

3. A one-sentence statement of the research question that the project will seek
to answer. (This is almost always something that is not known.) The concept
paper should elaborate on how this question can be answered -- something that
almost always takes more than one sentence to accomplish.

4. A demonstration of why it is important to answer this research question.

What good comes of this answer? Why is this project worth writing?

5. A description of how the researcher plans to answer the research question.

This includes:
a. a description of the data or evidence that the researcher plans to gather or use;
b. a description of how the researcher will analyze these data; and
c. a demonstration of how these data and this analytic method will answer the
research question.

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WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF A CONCEPT PAPER?

Mainly, concept paper has three MAJOR parts. The diagram below illustrates
parts of a concept paper and its definition are presented after the diagram.

Introduction

Body

Conclusion

 Introduction – It is to present the scope and purpose of your paper. This section
explains the overall idea of your claim.

 Body – It is the main section of the concept paper. In this part, you will elaborate
on the specific claims made in your thesis statement. To make your work
manageable, consider developing topic sentence for each supporting point from
your thesis statement. These topic sentences will then be used as the main idea of
each paragraph to make up the body of the essay.

 Conclusion – This part reemphasizes the thesis statement, provides a summary

of the body of the paper, and relates the importance of the concept in a specific
field. It is the easiest to write since you will be referring to the previous parts you
drafted.

What’s More

LET’S EVALUATE YOUR LEARNING. For activities 1.1 and 1.2, neatly and
legibly write your answers on a one-half lengthwise sheet of paper.

Activity 1.1.
Direction: Write T if the statement is CORRECT and F if it is NOT.

______ 1. In writing a concept paper, one should have a background knowledge

about the topic.
______ 2. The title should be the last part that you are going to write in your concept
paper.
______ 3. You don’t need to recognize the source when writing your concept paper.
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______ 4. The body of the concept paper is the core of most mentioned ideas in
your paper.
______ 5. The conclusion of the concept paper provides the overall summary of the
paper.
______ 6. In writing the body of the concept paper, you need to provide supporting
details of your thesis statement.
______ 7. The conclusion of the concept paper explains the overall idea of your
claim.
______ 8. It is alright to write a concept paper without conclusion.
______ 9. A thesis statement summarizes your overall claim in your paper.
______ 10. You can have as many references possible in your concept paper.

Activity 1.2
Direction: Explain each part of the concept paper in your own words. Limit your
answer from 1-2 sentences only. Each item will have an equivalent score of five (5)
points.

1. Introduction
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

2. Body
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

3. Conclusion
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

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 What I Have Learned

The concept paper is a type of academic writing in which a writer can

express his/her ideas on a certain topic, research, or certain issues. This paper
is composed of three parts, mainly; Introduction, Body and Conclusion that
contribute to the development of your paper. The main goal of concept paper
is to present or explain a certain idea objectively.

GETTING DEEPER!
Lesson:
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

What I want to say about the lesson:

Every Filipina is source of endless possibilities. Her person embraces the
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
What I found out:
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
________
__________________________________________________

What is It

LESSON 2. MODES OR PATTERNS IN PRESENTING A CONCEPT

A concept paper may be explained through different modes or patterns. This

may be in the form of definition, explication, and explanation.

Using Definition in Developing Concept

- providing the meaning of a particular word or term.

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Three types of Definitions:

1. Formal Sentence Definition

- This includes the term, class, and distinguishing features. Below is the diagram
presentation on formal definition.

Term Class Distinguishing

Features

is rich with vitamin

A banana is a type of fruit
C and is good for
the heart.

2. Informal definitions

- do not include distinguishing features. Below is the diagram presentation on

informal definition.

Term Class

is a piece of
A table
furniture.

3. Extended definitions

- are essay length texts use which used different rhetorical patterns to present the
meaning of a particular term or concept. This type of definitions do not just define
but describe the concept, compare and contrast the concept, show cause and
effect relationships to provide the reader a complete definition of term.

Tips to clearly define your concept:

1. In formal definitions, avoid using the same term to be defined

Example: “A cell phone is a phone…”

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2. In writing definitions, observe the concept of mutual exclusivity. Meaning, make sure
that the features of the term do not overlap with other similar concepts of the same
class.

Example: “A skateboard is a mode of transport that has four wheels.”)

Using Explanation in Developing Concept

A concept can be developed through explanation by providing varied examples

or situations in the given text or paragraph.

Using Explication in Developing Concept

Explication provides another perspective of a concept. It interprets another work

by examining the concept/s presented. A richer explanation of the concept is given to
readers through critical analysis of points raised in a text. The diagram below shows
how explication may be done.

EXPLICATION

rhetorical modes comparison and

contrast

cause and effect description

What’s More

LET’S EVALUATE YOUR LEARNING. For activities, 1.1 to 1.4, neatly and legibly
write your answers on a one whole sheet of paper.

Activity 1.1 Read the paragraph below and answer the questions that follow.

Every Filipina is a source of endless possibilities. Her person embraces the

roles of responsible daughter, steadfast sister, generous aunt, indifferent employee,
consistent ex-lover, bill settler, a person who knows exactly how to uncomplicated
matters for each member of the family; yet, she knows not how to identify what she

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has long wanted for herself. She may have won the battle against men for equal
opportunity; but, she has lost and forgotten the spirit that drove her to win the battle.
She can hardly recognize herself, perhaps, who she had been, as an individual who
once had an underrated self-image. But declining economy remains clear to her.

Now, her true objective in her display of deliberate obsession to fair in the
formerly man’s world then needs disambiguation. Did she fight for self-actualization
because she wanted to pursue a career in the field of her choice or, did she fight for
the inadequacies of men in her family that cripple its function? Her present actions
seemingly prove her presence for the latter. Perhaps she thinks of herself as messiah,
and uses the same strength and freedom that she has acquired from her battle for
equality to save and rescue her family. She has become indifferent to her needs again-
caged, caged in her pretense. She flaunts her strength, her talents, her unwavering
confidence; she uses her resources and takes responsibility of her family; she
exercises her freedom to penetrate fields she can be good at; she works hard for
others and forgets about her own self, again. She has turned into an unimaginably
powerful person, who does everything she can possibly think of and defies anyone
who challenges her otherwise. She is the spirit who overshadows even the real person
within herself. She has enough comparison for her family; yet, she has not left any for
herself.

Questions:
1. What concept is being explained in this piece?
2. What examples are given to explain the concept?
3. Do these examples reflect realities in life?
4. If you are the writer of this concept paper, what is the best title for the paper?

Activity 1.2 Write a formal definition of the following terms:

1. blog
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

2. smartphone
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

Activity 1.3 Rewrite the definition below to make them clearer.

1. A guitar is a musical instrument that uses strings to produce sound.

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

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2. Industrial engineering is a branch of engineering that deals with processes in the
industry.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

Activity 1.4
On this activity, you are expected to explain and clarify concepts from different fields
of specialization, from arts to information, communications and technology. You are
so lucky because the compositions gathered here for you to read are intriguing and
exciting. You’ll enjoy better if you have a dictionary with you, preferably an English-
Tagalog one. Below is a table that you must fill using the information coming from the
said compositions. This will guide you on what focus should you have upon reading
the said compositions. Have fun and good luck!

Do you agree or Why do you agree

disagree on what or disagree on
the author says what? (Cite
What about the evidences to
What
mode/pattern concept? (Cite support your
concept is
Title is used to examples/points answer.)
explained in
explain the made by the author
this piece?
concept? which you are
agreeable or
disagreeable
about.)

Academic

A.

B.

C.

D.

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E.

F.

G.

H.

Tech-Voc

I.

J.

K.

L.

A. Art

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 What's Wrong with Filipino Art and Why is It Under-appreciated? (An excerpt)

We're surrounded by art every day, but how much of it do we notice?

Art is present in so many of the places we go to and the things we do. We might scroll
past most Instagram posts that we see, without thinking how each photo or video has several
elements in it that make it look appealing to people. We weave our paths through the city every
day, and we rarely see how the buildings are carefully designed and how the billboards are
strategically done. We use and consume so many products per day, yet we fail to really
appreciate the way they are presented to us. We listen to music, we appreciate the aesthetics
of a post, we read books, we watch endless videos on our suggested list. But how much of it
do we really pay attention to?

There are those who are still unaware of how it will always have a presence in our daily
lives, from the packaging of our favorite products to the shows we enjoy. Art has been looked
down on, especially local art. We may have been educated again and again about colonial
mentality and its effects, yet we still do not have enough appreciation for our own.

First, let's identify why this is a problem. Filipino art hasn't entirely been put on a high
pedestal in years. There are great artists like Fernando Amorsolo and Juan Luna, who will
always be remembered in history books and will always be familiar names. But these artists
and their work, albeit should not be forgotten, aren't the only ones that we should know about.
More recent artists are often shunned, saying that their work is unoriginal or not meeting a
certain standard or not as good as their Western counterparts. It's seen as if our art is only
limited to a certain template, and cannot be more, cannot be as interesting, cannot be worth
our time.

Another problem is how we limit our artists. Oftentimes, original or unconventional

ideas are not accepted, since they are not what people are used to. Corporations think that if
this idea is not the usual thing that people gobble up, it is not worth the risk. So here, we strip
the artist of its freedom of expression, forcing him/her to keep making a similar output just
because it sells. We are not really allowed to show controversial topics, when art should be a
means of communicating with other people and getting a message across. Artists are forced
to do as the higher-ups tell them to do, and their potential is never known.

They couldn't make a change in our viewpoints even if they wanted to, because our
expression is silenced…

Reference: Abinuman, A. (2017). What's wrong with Filipino art and why is it under-
appreciated? Retrieved on 07 December 2018, from:
https://www.candymag.com/lifestyle/what-s-wrong-with-filipino-art-and-why-
is-it-under-appreciated-a1580-20170722

B. Business

Essay on Business Ethics and Social Responsibility

Business ethics (also known as Corporate ethics) is a form of applied ethics or professional
ethics that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business

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environment. It applies to all aspects of business conduct and is relevant to the conduct of
individuals and business organisations as a whole. (Wikipedia) Most people agree that high
ethical standards require both businesses and individuals to conform to sound moral
principles. However, some special aspects must be considered when applying ethics to
business. To survive, businesses must make a profit. If profits are realised by misconduct then
the life of the business may be short lived. The business must balance their desires for profits
against the needs and desires of society. Maintaining this balance can be difficult. To help with
this, society has developed rules – both legal and implicit – to guide the business in their efforts
to earn profits in ways that will not harm individuals or society as a whole. (Ferrell, Fraedrich,
Ferrell, 2002.)

One difference between an ordinary decision and an ethical one lies in “the point where
the accepted rules no longer serve, and the decision maker is faced with the responsibility for
weighing values and reaching a judgement in a situation which is not quite the same as any
he or she faced before”. (Ferrell, Fraedrich, 1994) Ethics is not simply a glorified intellectual
game, of no practical relevance. We become moral individuals by practice; good at being
truthful by habitually telling the truth; becoming honest by trying always not to be dishonest.
There is nothing abstract about business ethics. It is simply another tool to help the practical
business man or woman deal with the endlessly recurring moral dilemmas of business life.
There is a connection between our perception of the world and the way in which we make
decisions in the world. If managers believe that they are and ought to be rational egoists,
concerned only with maximising profit, they will take the decisions accordingly. If, on the other
hand, they are aware of moral theories and social policies that affect their own societies and
the wider world, then they will be likely to make rather different and more sophisticated
judgements, (Vallance, 1995).
The idea of ethics in business focuses on the moral or ethical actions of individuals. It is in
this sense that many people, when discussing business ethics, immediately raise examples
of immoral or unethical activity by individuals. (Richard T De George) Many business people
are strongly influenced by their religious beliefs and the ethical norms that they have been
taught as part of their religion, and apply these norms in their business activities. A prime
example is Aaron Feuerstein, whose actions after fire destroyed almost all of his Malden Mills
factory complex kept his workers on the payroll until he could rebuild. He has stated often and
publicly that he just did what his Jewish faith told him was the right thing to do

Reference: George, R. (2017). Essay on business ethics and social responsibility. Retrieved
on: 07 December 2018,from:
https://www.ukessays.com/essays/business/essay-defining-business-
ethics-and-social-responsibility-business-essay.php

C. Law

Bullying on Social Media: The Philippines’ Current Legal (An excerpt)

The pen is mightier than the sword or so the adage goes.

When this was once said, it was to highlight the power of thought and idea over brute force
and violence as a way to effect change.

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 Today, the pen can very well be a “tap” of a button, as social media has reinvented our
way of life anew -- for good or for bad. Regardless of political affiliation or social philosophy, it
is undeniable how the power of social media has shaped recent events.
In the Philippines, many attribute President Duterte’s electoral victory to a strong social media
presence and awareness from supporters and detractors alike. Similarly, in the United States,
President Trump’s astounding victory may not have been predictable on the basis on old
measures of popularity, but perhaps to a more subtle, even subliminal influence, perhaps
attributable to social media as well.
Unfortunately, when people log into their social media accounts, some tend to shed
normal sensibilities or even basic civility. This is the same phenomenon that perhaps gives
rise to the anomaly of Philippine vehicular traffic, where the polite and non-confrontational is
shed for disrespectful and sometimes barbaric behavior leading to the Gordian knot that is
Philippine traffic.
Part of this is the cloak of perceived anonymity that social media brings. We therefore
sometimes see posts or commentaries meant to embarrass competence and intelligence,
gender, or just plain rumor-mongering.
However, even when done behind the cloak of a social media platform may have legal
implications under our present laws.
Social media is a powerful tool. It is always best to set a limit on which issues to react to
or which people direct a post to.
While freedom of speech is well-enshrined in our Constitution, this right is not without any
limitations.
In the end, it is always best to devote the stroke of our fingers and the clicks of our mouse
to intellectual discourse rather than risk being held liable under our present laws. After all, the
power of our minds should be mightier than any sword there is.

Reference: Dela Cruz, C. (2017). Bullying on social media: The Philippines’ current legal
platform. Angara Abello Concepcion Regala & Cruz Law OfficesACCRALAW
Retrieved on 07 December 2018, from:
http://www.accralaw.com/publications/bullying-social-media-
philippines%E2%80%99-current-legal-platform

D. Philosophy

Morality (An excerpt)

Morality Defined
Morality speaks of a system of behavior in regards to standards of right or wrong
behavior. The word carries the concepts of: (1) moral standards, with regard to behavior;
(2) moral responsibility, referring to our conscience; and (3) a moral identity, or one who is
capable of right or wrong action. Common synonyms include ethics, principles, virtue, and
goodness. Morality has become a complicated issue in the multi-cultural world we live in
today. Let's explore what morality is, how it affects our behavior, our conscience, our
society, and our ultimate destiny.

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 Morality and Our Behavior
Morality describes the principles that govern our behavior. Without these principles
in place, societies cannot survive for long. In today's world, morality is frequently thought
of as belonging to a particular religious point of view, but by definition, we see that this is
not the case. Everyone adheres to a moral doctrine of some kind.
Morality as it relates to our behavior is important on three levels. Renowned thinker,
scholar and author C.S. Lewis defines them as: (1) to ensure fair play and harmony
between individuals; (2) to help make us good people in order to have a good society; and
(3) to keep us in a good relationship with the power that created us. Based on this
definition, it's clear that our beliefs are critical to our moral behavior.
....

Morality and Our Conscience

Morality impacts our everyday decisions, and those choices are directed by our
conscience. Again, we must decide for ourselves where the conscience originates. Many
people hold to the idea that the conscience is a matter of our hearts, that concepts of right,
wrong, and fairness are "programmed" in each of us. This is in keeping with the writings
of Paul the Apostle, who points out that even those who do not believe in God frequently
obey God's laws as given in the Ten Commandments: "for when Gentiles, who do not have
the law, by nature do the things in the law, these, although not having the law, are a law
to themselves, who show the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience also
bearing witness, and between themselves their thoughts accusing or else excusing them"
(Romans 2:14-15, NKJV). Again, those who do not believe in God are left with the only
possible conclusion they can come to - that our decisions are based solely on our need to
survive. What we call our conscience, then, would be based on learned behavior, rather
than part of a Divine design.
Reference: Morality. (2018). AllAboutPhilosophy. Retrieved on: 07 December 2018, from:
https://www.allaboutphilosophy.org/morality.htm
E. Politics

The Importance of Politics

It is very important to care about politics because you should know what is going on
around you. Also, it is important to have a say in what is going on around you. The political
decisions people make will affect many lives. Many people see politics as the government
and the laws being made, and that is true, but it is way more complicated than that. Every
law that is made will impact many. Sometimes the decisions will affect people in a bad
way. Every vote that you make will either break people or make people.
One reason you should care about politics is because you should always know what
is going on around you. For example, if a new law is made is made in your area, you might
want to make sure that you and the people around you know that a new law has been
made so that no one breaks the law without even knowing it. Also, if something dangerous
is happening around you or someone you know, you want to be aware if someone is
breaking the law. It is very important to know what is happening around you.
Another reason you should care about politics is because you should have a say in
what will happen. Everyone should have a say in what will happen, because we all live
side by side with each other, and it would not be fair if someone was left out. Also, each

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 vote makes a difference in the ways that we live. It is always important to to share your
opinion. The way you vote will affect many people, and their everyday life.
Finally, you should care about politics because the decisions people make will affect
many lives. For example, if someone wanted to build on land, it might be good for the
people who worked in the area, but residents who lived nearby and loved the land and
relied on the land for water and food, might be devastated. Sometimes things that sound
like good ideas might be very devastating later.

Reference: Mortensen, A. (2018). The importance of politics. Retrieved on 07 December

2018, from:
https://www.centredaily.com/opinion/article69564172.html

F. Religion

What is True Religion?

What is true religion? Is there just one true religion or do all of them lead to the
afterlife? Religion is defined as: “a specific fundamental set of beliefs and practices
generally agreed upon by a number of persons or sects: the Christian religion; the Buddhist
religion.”1
It is estimated that only 16% of the world considers themselves “nonreligious.”2 There are
two things that all religions hold as truth. 1) Humanity is separated from God. 2) Humanity
needs to be reconciled with God. The differences come in how that reconciliation is
acquired.
Many religions focus on rules and rituals. When those rules are followed or those
rituals are performed, the person is attempting to be made right with God or gain His favor.
For example, in Islam there are five pillars that one must do in order to show surrender or
submission to God. Other religions focus more on observing rituals, rather than following
rules. After those rituals are performed, it is taught that God will accept the person who
performed them.
Christianity presents a very different view of finding the acceptance of God. While
the other religions attempt to reach God, Christianity is about God reaching down to man.
The Bible teaches that God sent His perfect Son Jesus to earth to die for the sins of
mankind—as a perfect sacrifice. Other world religions try to balance the scales of their
good and bad deeds, hoping to have more good deeds on the day they die. Christianity
teaches a very different message.

What is true religion – How is Christianity different?

What is true religion? A true religion will teach a consistent message and have it
based on a reliable source. Christianity has the following view of reconciling with God:
Every person has sinned and is separated from God (Romans 3:23).
The penalty for that sin is death and separation from God (Romans 6:23).
Jesus came to earth to die as a sinless substitute to provide full payment for mankind’s
sins. He rose from the dead to show His power over death, proving His sacrifice was
sufficient (Romans 5:8).
By faith, mankind can receive God’s gift of eternal life in heaven. Jesus’ death was
full payment and provided reconciliation with God. There is no good work we can do to
add to Jesus’ sacrifice (Romans 10:9-10; Ephesians 2:8-9).

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 You may be saying, “But Christians have all sorts of rules and rituals!” You’re right, many
Christians have a code of morality they follow, but there is a crucial distinction. Those rules
and rituals are done out of a thankfulness to God and a desire to live a clean and holy life.
Those rules and rituals are not done to obtain reconciliation with God or to earn God’s
favor.

What is true religion vs. true relationship?

You may have heard a Christian say that Christianity isn’t a religion, it’s a
relationship. This is a way to express that true religion is more than doing good thing and
making sure your good deeds outweigh the bad. True religion is accepting the relationship
that Jesus wants to have with you. From that relationship, Christians are called to do good
things out of thanksgiving and love for God. In fact, the Bible speaks of this very clearly…
“Religion that God our Father accepts as pure and faultless is this: to look after orphans
and widows in their distress and to keep oneself from being polluted by the world” (James
1:27).

Reference: What is true religion? (2018) Retrieved on AllAboutReligion. Retrieved on 07

December 2018, from https://www.allaboutreligion.org/what-is-true-religion.htm

G. Science
Modern science: What's changing? (An excerpt)

When Gregor Mendel began his investigations of plant genetics in the 1800s, he
worked alone — a middle-aged European monk counting peas in the abbey garden. One
hundred and fifty years later, modern plant genetics laboratories, like Chelsea Specht's
below, look a lot more diverse and employ the latest DNA sequencing techniques. When
J.J. Thomson discovered a new particle of matter — the electron — at the turn of the
century, his lab equipment mainly consisted of vacuum tubes, magnets, and some simple
wiring. One hundred years later, scientists searching for new particles like the Higgs boson
use a supercollider — a 17-mile-long machine that costs several billion dollars and will
produce data to be analyzed by the most powerful supercomputer in the world. Science
has come a long way in the last 150 years! We now have more powerful data analysis
techniques, more sophisticated equipment for making observations and running
experiments, and a much greater breadth and depth of scientific knowledge. And as the
attitudes of the broader society have progressed, science has benefited from the
expanding diversity of perspectives offered by its participants. But what about the process
of science itself? Has this fundamental aspect of the scientific enterprise changed over
time?
Science will always look for explanations for what goes on in the natural world and test
those explanations against evidence from the natural world — but exactly how this gets
done may evolve. The scientific enterprise is not static. Science is deeply interwoven with
society, and as it has changed, so too has science. Here are just a few examples of how
modern scientific practices have been transformed by increasing knowledge, changing
societal concerns, and advances in communication and technology.

How science really works. (nd). Undestanding science. Retrieved on 07 December 2018,
from:https://undsci.berkeley.edu/article/modern_science

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H. Sports

Sports In Our Life

Sport refers to an activity which is managed by a set of regulations or customs and

mainly engaged in competitively. In most cases sports often refer to actions where the
physical competence of the person competing is the only key determinant of the final
outcome which is usually winning or losing. However, the term is also used to incorporate
activities like mind sports. Occasionally it is extended to include all competitive activities
where offense and defense plays a big role, in spite of the level of physical action.

Sport plays an integral part in our lives. In addition to making people healthier, it also
provides an excellent way of managing free time. We all require a break from anything we
take part in, for instance working, learning in class or simply sitting at home (Nina &Cronin,
2002). A little bit of activity like sport is crucial in our lives. Different persons like different
forms of sports. The different disciplines consist of swimming, running, and skating. These
ones are the cheapest, which are mostly available and affordable. The external games
need equipment, which in most cases is very expensive. They need strength as well as
courage. These forms of sports are also regarded as addictive and hazardous to the
human body. Examples of such kinds of sports include rugby, as well as mountaineering.

Sport is most popular among the young, without forgetting the old. Quite a number
of people participate in morning cardiovascular exercise such as jogging. Others train
themselves in various groups and take part in competitions. Still others like sports but only
by watching while others listen to the news concerning them. Reading interesting stories
about sportsmen is a preference for many people. However, physical exercises is
generally helpful in making our physique strong and improving our mental capabilities.
Therefore any person who aspires to keep himself fit must fully take part in sports and
games.

Physical training is usually an important subject in learning institutions and lessons

are allocated for physical exercises. It is compulsory in almost all the institutions of
learning. Students also take part in various competitions that are held in their institutions.
It is a requirement that every student develops a culture of sports as a way of developing
a sound mind that can help in internalizing class work. Sport protects teenagers from
engaging in harmful habits like smoking and taking of drugs. It keeps them busy all the
time and in turn, they develop good health. Teenagers involve themselves in sports like
football, basketball and hockey to keep them busy all the time.

Fitness involves the combination of the composition of the body and the performance
of the muscles. The resultant effect is that it reduces the risks that lead to heart disease
and high blood pressure. Aerobic exercise that entails steady and constant activity of the
muscles leads to an increase in the demand for oxygen by the body. Therefore aerobic
exercises work the muscle of the heart making it larger and stronger (Chandler, 2005).
The examples of such exercise are walking, swimming and cycling. Good health can be
considered a blessing of some sort. It is therefore essential that everyone gets involved in
sport to stay healthy. To be healthy means having the body and mind in their best working

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 condition and this entails being free from illnesses as well as pain. As it is said: “A mind
that is sound reflects a sound body,” (Chandler, 2005).

Reference: Sport in our life. (nd). Retrieved on 07 December 2019, from:

https://bestessayhelp.com/examples/sport/sport-in-our-life-
%E2%80%93-essay-samp

I. Home Economics

The Future of Hospitality: From Then To Now, What’s Next?

Since its beginning, the hotel industry has constantly evolved and transformed to
meet the changing needs of travelers. While the industry has always been innovative, the
recent advancements in technology have catapulted the industry into unprecedented
change.

Starting as a necessity for wandering travelers, the hospitality industry has certainly
come a long way. However, before we can predict the future of the industry, it's important
to understand the current trends in the hospitality industry and how it grew into the billion
dollar industry it is today.

The Past
Since our ancestors roamed the Earth, people have been providing hospitality.
However, the experience a guest may have had centuries ago is quite different than the
one we experience today.

In early biblical times, "hotels" were mainly hospitable townsfolk who opened their
homes to weary travelers. Most visits lasted only one night, with the guest continuing their
travels in the morning. In comparison, villages in early Greece built thermal baths for
travelers to rest their joints and muscles. These travelers did not spend the night, the baths
simply provided them with the recuperation they needed. It wasn't until the year 1200 more
permanent hotels were built. Though they were modest structures, they lay the foundation
for the intricate hotel facilities we're accustomed to today.

The 15th century saw a breakthrough in the hotel industry. French law required hotel
managers to keep track of guests through a registry, to which other countries soon
followed. More hotels were built, each with an increased focus on guest amenities. The
next century saw the introduction of hotel advertising, with the first "guidebooks" published
promoting the best establishments. Another major development occurred during the
Industrial Revolution. The century's technological, economical and social developments
made travel more accessible for all people, not just the wealthy.

This momentum continued into the 20th century, where the population increase,
urbanization and economic prosperity in industrial nations prompted further growth from
the hospitality industry. This increase in demand triggered more properties to open and
encouraged diversity.

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 While the hospitality industry has only continued to grow since, the current trends in
the hospitality industry still reflect the needs of society.

The Present
Flashforward to today, travel is even more frequent. The hotel industry has continued
to evolve alongside changing demographic trends and technological advancements and
became a highly complex segment of the economy. Now, the current trends in the
hospitality industry revolve around comfort and exceptional guest service.

As shown throughout its history, the hospitality industry is constantly changing. For
hospitality professionals to remain competitive, it is ever more crucial to stay current on
the trends in hospitality 2018.

The Future
With that in mind, hospitality professionals all over the world are wondering: "what is
the future of hospitality?".MicroMetrics The Future of Hospitality 2018 Research Report
While nothing can be determined for certain, the opportunities and threats listed in the
above infographic will definitely play a major role and be trends in hospitality 2018.
As a company deeply rooted in the hospitality industry, we also asked ourselves: "what is
the future of hospitality?". To answer, we took matters into our own hands and created
The Future of Hospitality 2018 Research Report, the industry's first data-driven look into
the future of hospitality.

This report will provide concrete data detailing the predicted path and future of the
hospitality industry, as well as list promising areas of business growth & investment
opportunities and threats to keep on your radar.
To receive this in-depth report for free, simply contribute your own valuable insights and
join the community of hospitality professionals dedicated to bettering the industry.

Reference: Lawrence, D. (2017). The Future of hospitality: From then to now, what’s next?
Retrieved on 07 December 2018,
from:https://www.hospitalitynet.org/opinion/4086037.html\

J. Agri-fishery

All About Aquaculture: Environmental Risks and Benefits (An excerpt)

For all the positive effects aquaculture can have on food security and conservation
of wild fisheries, it can also pose serious environmental risks and create sustainability
challenges.

One of the environmental impacts that receives the most attention is the issue of
nutrient and effluent buildup on the sea floor below the cages. Because the fish are
contained in one place at high densities, their waste – which includes both solids and
dissolved nutrients like nitrogen – has the potential to build up below the cages and in the

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 surrounding area. This creates the potential for algal blooms, which deplete the water of
oxygen and can create damaging dead zones near aquaculture sites. Regulatory agencies
have recognized these problems and implemented measures to prevent them, including
siting the cages in places with strong currents to wash away the effluent and moving the
cages from year to year to reduce impact on any one area.

Another environmental concern is the effect of the farmed fish on local wild fisheries.
Disease and parasite outbreaks in fish farms, though infrequent, can spread rapidly among
farmed fish because of the high densities at which they are kept, and disease may spread
to wild fish populations. Fish farmers used to combat these outbreaks with antibiotics and
other chemicals in fish feed, but this created concern about the effect of the drugs on the
ecosystems around the cages, as well as residual antibiotics winding up on consumers’
plates. More recently, safe and effective vaccinations for farmed fish have been developed
and are widely used, and the use of antibiotics in aquaculture has almost ceased in the
United States.

Another major concern is that escapees from fish farms—particularly where farmed
species are non-native—may compete with fish from wild populations for food, potentially
displacing wild fish. Cages are closely monitored by underwater cameras and regularly
inspected by divers for damage, so the frequency of escape is minimal. There are also
concerns about farmed fish interbreeding with wild fish and affecting the gene pool of the
wild stock, but these concerns have been lessened by the exclusive use of genetically
modified, sterile females in finfish aquaculture.

Some aquaculture operations can even have positive effects on environmental and
human health. Farmed fish are generally free of environmental contaminants such as
mercury and heavy metals, since they eat exclusively human-processed feed for which
toxin levels are regulated. In addition, the farming of filter feeders such as shellfish can
improve water quality, and in fact shellfish are often integrated into finfish production in
integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) systems, also known as polyculture. Because
shellfish are filter feeders, they use uneaten feed and elements of fish waste as food, and
can be cultivated near nets and cages containing finfish to improve water quality and even
protect against disease outbreaks. Polyculture systems, which can also involve seaweed
cultivation, are prominent in Maine, and there is ongoing polyculture research at schools
like the University of Maine, the University of New Hampshire, and many others.
In addition to environmental risks, concerns about the long-term sustainability of
aquaculture in meeting our protein needs remain.

Clearly, the sustainability and environmental impacts of farmed seafood products

depends on many factors and varies with the methods used by the fish farmers.

Reference: Gamble, M. (2012). All about aquaculture: Environmental risks and

benefits.Talking Fish. Retrieved on 07 December 2018, from:
https://www.talkingfish.org/2012/did-you-know/all-about-
aquaculture-environmental-risks-and-benefits

K. Industrial Arts

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 Jobs In Industrial Art

The term "industrial arts" generally refers to anything that involves the use of tools,
machinery and mechanical systems. Traditionally, industrial arts classes were the shop
classes in high school, such as metal shop or woodworking. Today, industrial arts
encompasses traditional shop training as well as advanced systems, such as robotics,
electronics and mechanical design.

Wood and Metal Work

Woodworkers are not just craftsmen who build ornate furniture using hand tools, they
are highly skilled tradespeople who operate advanced equipment and machinery. They
set up equipment, cut and shape wooden parts, and finish products. Similarly,
metalworkers study plans and use machines, measurements and technology to craft
products and build frames for buildings. Neither career path typically requires a college
degree, but both require apprenticeship training and an aptitude for building and reading
plans.

Industrial Engineering
Industrial engineers determine the most effective ways make a product or material
work. They study products and their requirements; develop management-control systems;
and determine how to most efficiently combine raw materials, construction, costs and
transportation. Becoming an industrial engineer requires a college degree and a
background in mathematics and the physical sciences. A degree in industrial engineering
might include courses in operations research, production and inventory control, probability
and statistics, and information systems.

Mechanical Design
Mechanical designers are also known as drafters and computer-aided design and
drafting operators. They craft plans for products; structural and architectural projects;
designs and mechanical parts and tools. Aeronautical drafters prepare drawings used in
manufacturing aircraft and missiles; architectural drafters draw plans for construction
projects; and mechanical drafters prepare layouts that show details for a wide variety of
machinery and mechanical devices. To become a mechanical designer typically requires
at least an associate degree and preferably a bachelor's degree.

Teaching
Tomorrow's industrial arts professionals will always need good teachers. Industrial
arts teachers can teach small engine repair, ventilation systems design, welding and metal
working. They also can teach computer repair, graphic design and computer-aided design.
Typically, this is a career path for teaching high school, which means a career requires at
least a bachelor's degree. Teaching requirements vary by state and district, but typically,
industrial arts teachers need to complete a degree program in the field.

Reference: Morgan, S. (2019). Jobs in industrial art. Retrieved on 07 December 2018,

from: https://careertrend.com/jobs-industrial-art-7736.html

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L. Information, Communications and Technology (ICT)

Importance of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in Our Daily Life

Information and Communications Technology (ICT) has an important role in the

world since we are now in the information age era. With ICT, the company can make the
business easier to happen with the client, supplier and the distributor. It is also very important
in our daily lives. The lack of appropriate information at the right time will result in low
productivity, low quality research works, and waste of time to pursue information and even to
do research which actually others had done or in other countries. Nowadays ICT cannot be
separated with our daily needs.

ICT has a great impact in our daily lives. For example, we can read our local
newspaper using the online newspaper. Another example is we still can get connected with
our family, relatives, or colleagues even if we are abroad by using the electronic mail, yahoo
messenger, call conference, or video conference.
Digital computer and networking has changed our economy concept to the economy with no
boundary in time and space because of ICT. It brings a lot of advantages for economic
development enabling millions of transactions to happen in an easy and fast way.

ICT is one of the economic development pillars to gain national competitive

advantage. It can improve the quality of human life because it can be used as a learning and
education media, the mass communication media in promoting and campaigning practical and
important issues, such as the health and social area. It provides wider knowledge and can
help in gaining and accessing information.
ICT has become an integral part of everyday life for many people. It increases its
importance in people’s lives and it is expected that this trend will continue, to the extent that
ICT literacy will become a functional requirement for people’s work, social, and personal lives.
The use of ICT in education add value in teaching and learning, by enhancing the
effectiveness of learning, or by adding a dimension to learning that was not previously
available. ICT may also be a significant motivational factor in students’ learning, and can
support students’ engagement with collaborative learning.
Information and Communications Technology (ICT) is basically our society’s efforts
to teach its current and emerging citizens valuable knowledge and skills around computing
and communications devices, software that operates them, applications that run on them and
systems that are built with them.
As a matter of fact, we are living in a constantly evolving digital world. ICT has an
impact on nearly every aspect of our lives – from working to socializing, learning to playing.
The digital age has transformed the way young people communicate, network, seek help,
access information and learn. We must recognize that young people are now an online
population and access is through a variety of means such as computers, TV and mobile
phones.
It is in this premise that educational technology and e-learning is taught in or out of
the classroom since educational technology is used by learners and educators in homes,
schools, businesses, and other settings.

Reference: Importance of information and communications technology (ICT) in Our Daily

Life(2016). Dreams. Retrieved on 07 December 2018, from:

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 https://pcdreams.com.sg/importance-of-information-and-communications-
technology-ict-in-our-daily-life/

What I Have Learned

Presenting concept can be done in three modes or patterns. These

are through definition, explication, and explanation. These three patterns
contribute to the development of the ideas presented in the paragraphs.
Each pattern has unique feature on how to show your idea in a certain topic.
But, in order to come up with a good work, you have to follow the rules in
each pattern.
GETTING DEEPER!
Lesson:
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
What I want to say about the lesson:
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
What I found out:
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

What I Can Do

Think of a certain topic that suits your interest and make a concept out of it
following one mode/pattern in presenting a concept. Present this through a video.
During the presentation, use visual/graphic aids for your concept paper to supplement
understanding. Your concept paper and concept paper presentation will be rated using
the rubrics below.

Rubrics for Rating Your Concept Paper

Partially
Evident
Features of the Concept Paper Evident
5 pts.
2 pts.

The introduction covers the background for the concept and the thesis
statement.

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The paragraphs of the body explain, explicate, or define the concepts.

Each paragraph uses at least two supporting details to clarify the

concept.

The conclusion presents the summary of the concept paper and restates
the thesis.

Adequate transitions make sure that paragraphs and ideas in the

sentences are connected and organized.

Uses simple language in order for the reader to easily understand the
piece.

The essay is free of grammatical errors and all sources were listed in
the reference.

Rubrics for Rating Your Video Presentation

Presentation Marking Rubric
4 3 2 1 Mark

Visual Appeal There are no errors There are some There are many There are many
in spelling, errors in spelling, errors in spelling, errors in spelling,
grammar and grammar and grammar and grammar and
punctuation. punctuation. Too punctuation. Too punctuation. The
Information is clear much information much information slides were
and concise on on two or more was contained on difficult to read
each slide. slides. many slides. and too much
Visually Significant visual Minimal effort information had
appealing/engaging appeal. made to make been copied onto
. slides appealing them.
or too much
going on. No visual appeal.

Extensive Most showed a Few members Presenters didn’t

knowledge of topic. good showed good understand topic.
Comprehension Members showed understanding of understanding of
complete topic. some parts of Majority of
understanding of All members able topic. questions
assignment. to answer most of Only some answered by only
Accurately audience members one member or
answered all questions. accurately majority of
questions posed. answered information
questions. incorrect.

Presentation Regular/constant Most members Members Minimal eye

Skills eye contact, The spoke to majority of focused on only contact by more
audience was audience; steady part of audience. than one member
engaged, and eye contact. Sporadic eye focusing on small
presenters held the The audience was contact by more part of audience.
audience’s engaged by the than one
attention. presentation. presenter. The audience
Appropriate Majority of The audience was not engaged.
speaking volume & presenters spoke was distracted.
body language. at a suitable Speakers could Majority of
volume. be heard by only presenters spoke
too quickly or

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 Some fidgeting by half of the quietly making it
member(s). audience. difficult to
Body language understand.
was distracting.
Inappropriate/disi
nterested body
language.

Content The presentation The presentation The presentation The presentation

was a concise was a good was informative was a brief look
summary of the summary of the but several at the topic but
topic with all topic. elements went many questions
questions Most important unanswered. were left
answered. information Much of the unanswered.
Comprehensive covered; little information Majority of
and complete irrelevant info. irrelevant; information
coverage of coverage of irrelevant and
information. some of major significant points
points. left out.

Preparedness/ All presenters knew Slight domination Significant Unbalanced

the information, of one presenter. controlling by presentation or
Participation/ participated Members helped some members tension resulting
equally, and helped each other. with one from over-
Group each other as minimally helping.
Dynamics needed. Very well prepared. contributing.
Multiple group
Extremely prepared Primarily members not
and rehearsed. prepared but with participating.
some
dependence on Evident lack of
just reading off preparation/rehea
slides. rsal. Dependence
on slides.

Total

Reference: https://www.jibc.ca/sites/default/files/.../Group_Presentation_Marking_Rubric.doc

Assessment

For tests 1 and 2, Neatly and legibly write your answers on a one whole sheet of paper
Test 1. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write you’re the letter of your answer
on a separate sheet of paper. Answer honestly.

1. It refers to a short summary that tells the reader what the project is, why it is
important, and how it will be carried out.
A. Position paper C. Research paper
B. Concept paper D. Thesis
2. One of the advantages in writing a concept paper includes
A. You may be able to organize your ideas
B. It gives an opportunity to stand out and receive a positive response from
reviewers

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 C. You are sure to get funding
D. ‘a’ and ‘b’
3. Which of the following is not true about references in the concept paper?
A. We can cite references in Introduction and Methods section
B. It is important to write references following standard guidelines
C. Statements should be linked to references
D. We can have as many references as possible
4. How many parts does a concept paper have?
A. 2 C. 4
B. 3 D. 5

5. It is known as the easiest part of the concept paper since most of your ideas will
be referred to the once you drafted.
A. Title C. Body
B. Introduction D. Conclusion
6. Which part of the concept paper that describes the core ideas of the claim?
A. Title C. Body
B. Introduction D. Conclusion
7. Which of the following is NOT included in developing the paragraph of writing the
concept paper.
A. labelling C. definition
B. explication D. explanation
8. This mode of presenting the concept uses examples to develop the ideas in the
paragraph.
A. labelling C. definition
B. explication D. explanation
9. Why do you need to include the distinguishing feature in formal sentence definition?
A. To present the unique qualities of a term.
B. To recognize it from the other terms.
C. To be different in some terms.
D. None of the above
10. This is the main section of your concept paper.
A. Introduction C. Conclusion
B. Body D. Title

Test 2. At this point, you are going to apply what you have learned from this module.
You are going to choose a topic that suits your interest. This topic must also
be related to your strand. For your guide, refer to the rubrics for rating your
rating concept paper.

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 2. C 7. D
3. A 8. C
4. D 9. A
5. A 10. D

MODULE 3

Pretest LESSON 1
1. B Activity 1.1 – T/F
2. D 1. T
3. D 2. T
4. B 3. F
5. D 4. T
6. D 5. T
7. A 6. T
8. D 7. F
9. A 8. F
10. B 9. T
10. F

Activity 1.2
Answers may vary

LESSON 2
Activities 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, and 1,4
Answers may vary

Post test
Test 1. Same as those in pretest…
Test 2. Student’s output will be based from the rubrics given.

205

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 https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/how-to-express-your-opinions-in-
english/4755937.html. January 16, 2020

MODULE 3

Online References

http://sociology.morrisville.edu/perpetual/Writing/What_Is_A_Concept_Paper.htm

https://www.flickr.com/photos/66308198@N07/19269550340/in/photolist-22zy7Xp-
6bUpPC-fRS8E-Q8dmHR-2cb2y2f-8LpbZ9-5DATf3-6Tcoah-2Mwsgo-c8miXS-
3A9d7D-qBGvs-bykXS5-r6U81-vmMtYy-9vGVae

https://www.google.com/search?as_st=y&tbm=isch&hl=en&as_q=concept+paper+cli
part&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&cr=&as_sitesearch=&safe=images&tbs=sur:f#imgrc
=0jKYQvIhr1oWCM:

https://prezi.com/ezf2sp8sbhwz/concept-paper/

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahU
KEwj-wMmMzfjfAhUbQd4KHWZ-
229
DUYQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpixabay.com%2Fen%2Fwrite-pencil-
paper-blank-draft-
154873%2F&psig=AOvVaw10lWpcDXCdqsMZIDgJujuM&ust=1547943929270904

Valdez, P.N. (2016). English for the globalized classroom series. English for
Academic & Professional Purposes. The Phoenix Publishing House Inc.

https://www.academia.edu/35763067/Concept-Paper

MODULE 4

References
Books

Estacio, Ma. Joahna M .2016. Developing Reading and Writing Skills. 927
Quezon Avenue, 1104 Quezon, City: The Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

Wyson, John Daryl B. 2016. English for Academic and Professional Purposes.
Quezon City:Vibal Group Inc.

Online Sources

Kong, Francis J. “ Smart Technology is

Here”.https://www.philstar.com/business/2018/06/24/1827252/smart-
technology-here#7dKHY4z5uOELgVFO.99

Should homework be mandatory?.accessed January 18, 2018.

https://chiefessays.net/position-essay-examples-to-help-you-grasp-the-idea/)
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MODULE 5

REFERENCES