HVAC Insulation

HVAC Ins. Eg.

Thermal Insulation
• Technical Requirements

• Definitions

• Condensation

• Q/A
 HVAC Insulation
HVAC Ins. 01

Thermal

Insulation
 HVAC Insulation
HVAC Ins. 02

Thermal Insulation, in principal,

is the resistance to reduce the heat transfer in a

considerable amount.

• cold lines prevents heat loss

• heating lines prevents heat gains
 The Resistance
HVAC Ins. 03

In Buildings; in Winter time → Heat Losses

in Summer time → Heat Gains

In HVAC; in Heating Lines → Heat Losses

in Cooling lines → Heat Gains

is “Thermal Insulation”
 Cold – Warm and Heating Lines
HVAC Ins. 04

HVAC Lines

Cold Lines Warm Lines Heating Lines

+6 °C +100 °C
 Where?
HVAC Ins. 05

• Building
• HVAC
• Technical insulation

→ Circular Surfaces (Pipes)

→ Rectangular Surfaces (Air ducts)
→ Valves and Accessories
 Thermal Insulation Material
HVAC Ins. 06

What is a Thermal Insulation Material?

According to ISO and EN Standards;

 If λ>0,065 W/mK Building Material

 If λ<0,065 W/mK Thermal Insulation Material

 Thermal Insulation Materials
HVAC Ins. 07

 Glasswool (EN 13162)

 Stonewool (EN 13162)

 Extruded Polistren (XPS) (EN 13164)

 Expanded Polistren (EPS) (EN 13163)

 Polyurathane (PUR) (EN 13165)

 Phenolic Foam (EN 13166)
 Cellular Glass (EN 13167)
 Technical Requirements
HVAC Ins. 08
1) Thermal Conductivity Coefficient( λ )
2) Water Vapor Diffusion Resistance Coefficient( µ )
3) Fire Classification (DIN 4102, BS 476, EN 13501)
4) Corrosion Risk
5) Temperature Range(°C)
6) Cell Structure
7) Acoustic Performance
8) Density (kg/m3)
9) Weathering Resistance
10) Dimensional Stability
11) Easy Application
12) Economics
NOT: Temperature range is not a selection criteria, it defines the usage area.
 λ)
1. Thermal Conductivity (λ
HVAC Ins. 09

It is the quantatiy of the energy which passes through a m3

of insulating material where there is 1C difference in
tempurature between opposite surfaces.
3

WARM 1m COLD
1m T2
T1

λ (W/mK) Heat Transferred

1m
 λ)
Thermal Conductivity (λ
HVAC Ins. 10

λTM = λ at mean temperature

tmedium + tambient
tm =
2
 Thermal Conductivity Coefficiency ( λ)
HVAC Ins. 11

Mean
Temperature Thermal Conductivty (W/mK)
C 10 12 16 18 20 24 30 32 36 48 60 64 72

0 0.038 0.036 0.034 0.033 0.032 0.031 0.030 0.030 0.029 0.029 0.030 0.030 0.030

10 0.040 0.038 0.036 0.035 0.034 0.032 0.032 0.031 0.030 0.030 0.031 0.031 0.031

25 0.044 0.041 0.039 0.038 0.036 0.035 0.034 0.033 0.032 0.031 0.032 0.032 0.032

50 0.055 0.048 0.044 0.043 0.041 0.039 0.037 0.037 0.036 0.035 0.036 0.036 0.036

75 0.064 0.059 0.051 0.048 0.046 0.043 0.041 0.040 0.039 0.037 0.038 0.038 0.038

100 0.074 0.065 0.057 0.053 0.051 0.047 0.045 0.044 0.043 0.041 0.042 0.043 0.043
 2.Water Vapour Diffusion Resistance
HVAC Ins. 12 µ)
Coefficient (µ

It is the ratio of the resistance

to the water vapour diffusion
of an insulation material to the
resistance of air
 Water Vapour Diffusion Resistance
HVAC Ins. 13 µ)
Coefficient (µ

µ=1 ( no resistance to diffusion )

µ=∞ ( no diffusion )

Diffusion tight materials

µ = 10.000 - 100.000
For e.g ; Aluminium ( µ = ∞ )
 3. Fire Classification
HVAC Ins. 14

• DIN 4102
• BS 476
• EN 13501
 DIN 4102 Standard
Thermal 15

A Incombustible materials
A1 That does not contain combustible materials
A2 That contains combustible materials

B Combustible materials
B1 Hardly combustible materials
B2 Normal combustible materials
B3 Easily combustible materials
 DIN 4102 Standard
HVAC Ins. 16

DIN 4102

ClassA ClassB
(Incombustible) (Combustible)

A1 A2 B1 B2 B3
→ Sand → Glasswool → XPS → PUR → Paper
→ Concrete → Stonewool → PE → EPS → Wood
→ Brick → Wood
→ Glasswool
→ Stonewool
 EN 13501 Standard - GlassWool
HVAC Ins. 17

A1
 EN 13501 Standard - FEF
Thermal 18

B-s3-d0
 4. Corrosion Risk
Thermal 19

According to DIN 1988 Part 7 Section 5:3 Limit Values

Steel Pipes ;

Chlor (%0,05)

Copper Pipes ;

Nitrate ve Ammonia (%0,2)

 5.Temperature Range
HVAC Ins. 20

Thermal Insulation Material Max.Operating Temperature(°C)

Ceramic wool 1800
Stonewool 750
Cellular Glass 430
Glasswool 250
FEF * 170
Melamine Foam 150
Phenolic Foam 120
Polyurathane 110
Polyethylene 105
 6. Cell Structure
HVAC Ins. 21

µ=1 open cell

µ =3.000
closed cell

µ =7.000
closed cell
 The Other Requirements
HVAC Ins. 22

8- Density
is the only specification that can be measured in the
site.
9- Mechanical Resistance
is the compressive strength at % 10 deflection.

10- Dimensional Stability

11- Easy Application
12- Economics
 Question-1
HVAC Ins. 23

Which Thermal Insulation Materials are used

in

HVAC Applications ?
 Thermal Insulation Materials in
HVAC Ins. 24
HVAC Applications

 Glasswool (GW)

 Stonewool (SW)

 Flexible Elastomeric Rubber Foam (NBR)

 Extruded Polyethylene Foam (XPE)

 Polyurathane Foam (PUF)

 Phenolic Foam (PF)

 Cellular Glass (CG)

 Question-2
HVAC Ins. 25

Which thickness should be used ?

 Which thickness should be used ?
HVAC Ins. 26.1

OdeCalc Program
For Pipes For Flat Surfaces
→ Heat loss
→ Heat loss
→ Temperature drop
→ Surface temperature
→ Surface temperature
→ Minumum insulation
→ Freezing time thickness preventing
condensation
→ Minumum insulation
thickness preventing
condensation
 To Prevent Condensation
HVAC Ins. 26.2

- Minumum insulation thickness preventing

condensation for Pipes -
PARAMETERS
Ambient temperature ( Ta°C) 30
Medium temperature( Tm °C) 6
Tube diameter (mm) 114
Insulation material R-Flex-ST
Relative Humidity (%) 70

RESULTS
Thermal Conductivity (W/mK) 0.0375
Dew point temperature ( Td °C) 23.9
Minimum insulation thickness (mm) 11.4
K-Flex dimension 13 x 114
 For Energy Saving
HVAC Ins. 26.3
E.g.
Ambient Temperature ( Ta) : 35°C
Medium Temperature ( Tm) : 6 °C
Pipe Diameter (inch) : 2”
Relative Humidity (%) : 60
RESULT

Min.insulation thickness to prevent condensation: 7.8 !

Insulation Thickness 9 mm. 13 mm 25 mm 32 mm
Energy saving due to
62% 69% 78% 80%
thickness
 Question-3
HVAC Ins. 27

How is possible to prevent condensation ?

 Definition of the Condensation
HVAC Ins. 28

φ = % 65
Ts = 24.1°C
Td = 22.8°C

Tm = 6°C Ta = 30°C
R-Flex ST

Thickness =9mm Tube

diameter =
Minimum insulation thickness = 7.6 mm 25.4 mm

Ts = 24.1°C > Td = 22.8°C

Surface temperature > Dew point temperature

No Condensation!
 Factors Affecting the Dew Point
HVAC Ins. 29

• Ambient Temperature ( Ta = °C )
• Relative Humidity (φ=%)
• Medium Temperature (Tm = °C )
 What is Relative Humidity?
HVAC Ins. 30
 Parameters of Condensation
HVAC Ins. 31

• Ambient Temperature ( Ta = °C )
• Relative Humidity ( φ = % )
• medium temperature ( Tm = °C )
• Air flow
• The heat transfer coefficient ( α )
• Thermal Conductivity ( λ )
• Water vapour diffusion resistance coefficient ( µ )
 Parameters of Condensation.1
HVAC Ins. 32

Factors Affecting the Dew Point

• Ambient temperature ( Ta = °C )
• Relative Humidity (φ=%)
 Parameters of Condensation.2
HVAC Ins. 33

α = Heat Transfer Coefficient of

the Surface

It is being changed according to

the material structure
 How does condensation happens
HVAC Ins. 34

1) If no thermal insulation is applied,

2) If an ınsufficient thermal ınsulation thickness is applied,

Condensation on the Surface !

3) Sufficient thermal insulation thickness

3.1 Thermal insulation material with a low µ value
Condensation within the Insulation Material !

3.2 Thermal insulation material with a high µ value

No Condensation !
 1- If no thermal insulation is applied
HVAC Ins. 35

φ = % 65
Ts = 6.1°C
Td = 22.8°C
Ta = 30°C
Tm = 6°C
Tube
diameter =
25.4 mm

Minimum insulation thickness = 7.6 mm

Ts = 6.1°C < Td = 22.8°C

Condensation on the SURFACE !

 2- If an ınsufficient thermal
HVAC Ins. 36 ınsulation thickness is applied
18
Isı Yalıtımı Yapılmazsa
φ = % 65
Ts = 21.3°C Td = 22.8°C
Ta = 30°C
Tm = 6°C
R-Flex ST
Tube
Thickness =6 mm diameter =
25.4 mm
Minimum insulation thickness = 7.6 mm

Ts = 21.3°C < Td = 22.8°C

Condensation on the SURFACE !

 2.1 If an ınsufficient thermal
HVAC Ins. 37 ınsulation thickness is applied
 3.1- Sufficient thermal insulation
HVAC Ins. 38 thickness
Isı Yalıtımı Yapılmazsa
φ = % 65
Ts = 23.6°C Td = 22.8°C
Ta = 30°C
Tm = 6°C
Tube
diameter =
Thickness =6 mm 25.4 mm
Minimum insulation thickness = 7.6 mm

Ts = 23.6°C > Td = 22.8°C

Thermal insulation material with a low µ value
Condensation within the Insulation Material !
 3.2- Sufficient thermal insulation
HVAC Ins. 39 thickness
Isı Yalıtımı Yapılmazsa
φ = % 65
Ts = 23.6°C
Td = 22.8°C
Ta = 30°C
Tm = 6°C
R-Flex ST
Tube
kalınlık=9 mm diameter =
25.4 mm
Minimum insulation thickness = 7.6 mm

Ts = 23.6°C > Td = 22.8°C

Thermal insulation material with a high µ value
No Condensation ! (a diffusion tight application is a must !)
 Precautions against Condensation
HVAC Ins. 40.1

To prevent condensation ; We should

1) choose the right thermal insulation material,

2) calculate the right insulation thickness,
3) have a sufficient µ value,
4) apply a diffusion tight application.
 Precautions against Condensation
HVAC Ins. 40.2

To prevent condensation ; We should

1) choose the right thermal insulation material,

2) calculate the right insulation thickness,
3) have a sufficient µ value,
4) apply a diffusion tight application.
 Precautions against Condensation
HVAC Ins. 40.3

To prevent condensation ; We should

1) choose the right thermal insulation material,

2) calculate the right insulation thickness,
3) have a sufficient µ value,
4) apply a diffusion tight application.
 Precautions against Condensation
HVAC Ins. 40.4

To prevent condensation ; We should

1) choose the right thermal insulation material,

2) calculate the right insulation thickness,
3) have a sufficient µ value,
4) apply a diffusion tight application.
 Recommendation in
HVAC Ins. 41 HVAC Applications

Cold Lines Warm Lines Heating Lines

•Glass Wool •Glass Wool •Glass Wool

•FEF •Polyethylene •Stonewool
•FEF •FEF
•Cellular Glass
•Ceramic Wool
Cold Lines (Below 6C)
Heating Lines (Above 100C)
 GLASSWOOL
HVAC Ins. 42
 GLASSWOOL
HVAC Ins. 43

Produced with the transformation of silica sand into fiber

by melting in high temperature

Thermal insulation, acoustic insulation, fire safety purposes

 GLASSWOOL
HVAC Ins. 44 Production Plant
 The Range of Product
HVAC Ins. 45

Board,

Blanket,

Prefabricated Pipe
 The Lamination Types of
HVAC Ins. 46 Glasswool

*YGT1-YGT2 *BGT1-BGT2
yellow glasswool faced black glasswool faced
 The Lamination Types of
HVAC Ins. 47 Glasswool

* FS *AGC
aluminium foil faced alu glass faced
 Quality Certificates
HVAC Ins. 48

EN 13162
 Quality Certificates
HVAC Ins. 49

European Certificate
 Technical Requirements
HVAC Ins. 50
1m
HOT COLD
T1 T2
λ (W/mK)
Thermal Conductivity Coefficient: 0,040 W/ mK

Water vapour Diffusion Resistance Coefficient(µ) :1,1

Fire Classification: TS EN 13501-1→ A1

Temperature range: -50°C ― +250°C

Density: 12-100 kg/m3

 HVAC Insulation with Glasswool
HVAC Ins. 51
 HVAC Blanket
HVAC Ins. 52

• one side is covered with alu foil

• Density : 24 kg/m3

• Usage area :

• Insulation of ventilation ducts from outside

• Insulation of air conditioning ducts from outside
 HVAC Board
HVAC Ins. 53

• one side is covered with alu foil

• Density : 50 kg/m3

• Usage area :

• air ducts insulation

• boiler rooms and generator rooms
 Radiator Panel
HVAC Ins. 54

Used as thermal insulator and

reflector behind sources of
heat such as radiators,
stoves and ovens
 Prefabricated Pipe
HVAC Ins. 55

• none or alu foil covered

• Density : 60-100 kg/m3

• Usage area :

•Radiator and central heating systems

• Solar energy systems

 FEF- Elastomeric Rubber Foam
Thermal 56
Thermal 57
FEF- Product Range
 Technical Requirements
HVAC Ins. 58
HOT 1m COLD
T1 T2
λ (W/mK)

Thermal Conductivity Coefficient: 0,036 W/ mK (0°C)

Water vapour Diffusion Resistance Coefficient: µ ≥ 7000

Fire Classification: EN 13501 ( B-s3-d0)

Temperature range: -200°C ― +116°C

Water Absorption: %0,4

 4.3 Diffusion Tight Applications
HVAC Ins. 59
 4.4 Diffusion Tight Applications
HVAC Ins. 60
HVAC Ins. 61

Valves and Accessories

Insulation
 68
No command
HVAC Ins. 62
 69
No command
HVAC Ins. 63
 Solution : Valve Jackets
HVAC Ins. 64
 Applications
HVAC Ins. 65

71
 Applications
HVAC Ins. 66

72
 Applications
HVAC Ins. 67
 Applications
HVAC Ins. 68
HVAC Ins.

Thanks For
Your Attention!
Q&A