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Fundamentals of Accountancy, Business & Management I: 1St Generation Modules - Version 2.0
Fundamentals of Accountancy, Business & Management I: 1St Generation Modules - Version 2.0
HIGH
SCHOOL
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Fundamentals of
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Accountancy, Business &
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Management I S
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Quarter 1 – Module 1:
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Fundamentals of Accountancy, Business & Management 1 - Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
First Quarter - Module 1
Accounting Introduction and Information Users
First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of
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such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a
condition the payment of royalties.
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Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
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trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright
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holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these
materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not
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represent nor claim ownership over them.
Management Team
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Fundamentals of
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Accountancy, Business &
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Management I S
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Quarter 1 – Module 1:
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Users
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Key Message
For Educators:
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You are reading the Fundamentals of Accountancy, Business and Management 1-
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Grade 11: First Quarter Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on “Define
accounting; Describe the nature of accounting; Narrate the history/origin of
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accounting” as written and found in the K-12 Most Essential Learning Competencies.
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The creation of this module is a combined effort of competent educators from
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different levels and various schools of Department of Education-Cebu Province. In
addition, this module is meticulously planned, organized, checked and verified by S
knowledgeable educators to assist you in imparting the lessons to the learners while
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considering the physical, social and economical restraints in teaching process.
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teaching in a new normal education set-up. Through this module, the students are
given independent learning activities, which embodies in the Most Essential Learning
Competencies based from the K-12 Curriculum Competencies, to work on in
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accordance to their capability, efficiency and time. Thus, helping the learners acquire
the prerequisite 21st Century skills needed with emphasis on utmost effort in
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As the main source of learning, it is your top priority to explain clearly on how to
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use this module to the learners. While using this module, learner’s progress and
development should be recorded verbatim to assess their strengths and weaknesses
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Subject to further validation for IP compliance, this material is for first quarter use only. Circulation shall be limited to public schools within the jurisdiction of the Division of Cebu Province. LR-PIPCV
You are reading the Fundamentals of Accountancy, Business and Management 1
- Grade 11: First Quarter Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on “Define
accounting; Describe the nature of accounting; Narrate the history/origin of
accounting” as written and found in the K-12 Most Essential Learning Competencies.
This module is especially crafted for you to grasp the opportunity to continue
learning even at home. Using guided and independent learning activities, rest
assured that you will be able to take pleasure as well as to deeply understand the
contents of the lesson presented; recognizing your own capacity and capability in
acquiring knowledge.
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This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
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WHAT I NEED TO KNOW The first part of the module will keep on
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tract on the Competencies, Objectives
and Skills expected for you to be
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developed and mastered.
WHAT I KNOW S
This part aims to check your prior
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knowledge on the lesson to take
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exercise/drill.
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the like.
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WHAT I CAN DO A transfer of newly acquired knowledge
and skills to a real-life situation is present
in this part of the module.
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will be given for you to further grasp the
lessons.
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ANSWER KEY This contains answers to all activities in
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the module.
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At the end of this module you will also find:
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References: Printed in this part is a list of all reliable and valid resources used in
crafting and designing this module.
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1. The module is government owned. Handle it with care. Unnecessary marks are
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prohibited. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering all the given exercises.
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3. The instructions are carefully laden for you to understand the given lessons.
Read each item cautiously.
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4. This is a Home-Based class, your reliability and honor in doing the tasks and
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5. This module helps you attain and learn lessons at home. Make sure to clearly
comprehend the first activity before proceeding to the next one.
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If you wish to talk to your teacher/educator, do not hesitate to keep in touch
with him/her for further discussion. Know that even if this is a home-based class,
your teacher is only a call away. Good communication between the teacher and the
student is our priority to flourish your understanding on the given lessons.
We do hope that in using this material, you will gain ample knowledge and skills
for you to be fully equipped and ready to answer the demands of the globally
competitive world. We are confident in you! Keep soaring high!
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WHAT I NEED TO KNOW
This module is solely prepared for you to access and to acquire lessons befitted
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in your grade level. The exercises, drills and assessments are carefully made to suit
your level of understanding. Indeed, this learning resource is for you to fully
comprehend Lesson 1 -- Accounting Introduction. Independently, you are going to go
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through this module following its proper sequence. Although you are going to do it
alone, this is a guided lesson and instructions/directions on how to do every activity
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is plotted for your convenience.
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Using this learning resource, you are ought to define accounting; describe the
nature of accounting; and narrate the history/origin of accounting” as inculcated in
the K-12 Most Essential Learning Competencies.
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At the end of this lesson, you are expected to achieve the following objectives:
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WHAT I KNOW
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PRE-ASSESSMENT
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Read each question below. Then, write the letter of your answer on your answer
sheet.
1. What do you call the reports that reflect the financial standing and economic
activities of the business?
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a. Accounting books b. Financial Accounts c. Financial Statements
2. Which of the following is considered the language of business?
a. Handshake b. Accounting c. Customers
3. Which of the following professions never uses accounting information?
a. Company managers c. Neither of a and b
b. Government Officials
4. What refers to the interactions of a business with other businesses and
stakeholders?
a. Business Investments c. Business Obligations
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b. Business Transactions
5. Which of the following is NOT a business stakeholder?
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a. Customers c. Neither of a and b
b. Government Officers
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6. Who is considered the father of modern accounting?
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a. Luca Pacioli b. Queen Victoria c. Augustus
7. Who does the job of identifying, recording, and communicating the financial
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events of a business?
a. Company owner b. Treasurer c. Accountant
8. What branch of accounting targets to educate students in the accounting field? S
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a. Financial Accounting c. Accounting Research
b. Accounting Education
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9. What government agency manages tax return filing and tax collection?
a. Bureau of Treasury c. Department of Education
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11. The following are steps in the accounting process except _________.
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For making a great start on this module, congratulations! Today, you should
expect to learn the first accounting lessons through a series of activities you can be
sure you’ll be able to do well.
WHAT’S IN
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Businesses are here and there. As a grade 11 senior high school student, it is
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likely that you have dealt with one or more of the businesses operating in your
locality. There’s also chance you will be engaged into a business of your own like
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selling banana cues to neighbors, selling school supplies to classmates, etc.
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A business is defined as an organization or entity that engages in commercial,
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industrial, or professional activities. It is also being generally referred to as the
organized efforts and activities of individuals to produce and sell goods and services
for profit.
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There are so many types of businesses. Amid all, there’s one common factor that
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How does accounting do that? Or you might first ask: What is accounting?
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You will find the answer to these and more questions as you move along the
activities. Are you ready?
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AGREE OR DISAGREE?
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Read the statements with care. On your answer sheet, write AGREE if you agree
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with what the statement say about accounting; otherwise, write DISAGREE.
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Subject to further validation for IP compliance, this material is for first quarter use only. Circulation shall be limited to public schools within the jurisdiction of the Division of Cebu Province. LR-PIPCV
CONCEPT MAPPING
What thoughts come out of your mind when you hear the word ‘accounting.’
What terms you think it is related to? On your answer sheet, copy the graphic
organizer below. Then using your prior knowledge, generate ideas about accounting
and write them inside the empty shapes. Add and connect more shapes if you have
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to.
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ACCOUNTING
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WHAT’S NEW
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DEFINING BY CONNECTING
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On your answer sheet, copy the accounting definition fragments placed under
columns A and B below. Then read each one carefully. Using a line, connect one
fragment in column A to another fragment in column B to form one correct
accounting definition. Do it from number 1 through 5.
A B
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Accounting is the process of economic information to
2) identifying, permit informed judgment
and decisions by users of the
information.
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information which are
financial in nature.
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The process of accounting
4) includes identifying economic
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events, recording those events, and
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communicating the
summarized results of such
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events to information users.
Accounting is a system that
5) aids S
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businesses in tracking their
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financial transactions.
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LETTER PUZZLES
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accounting. Figure out what these features are by completing the letters of each
puzzle below. Write the complete word on your answer sheet.
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Note that corresponding to each puzzle are phrase clues for your additional help.
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Have fun!
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2. involves a series of steps
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4. serves as tool for success
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5. relating to money
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ORDERING EVENTS
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When did accounting start? Who were the people who contributed to its
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until 5. Be sure to be on watch for clues along each item. Write your answers on your
answer sheet.
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_______ 2. A remarkable leap in accounting took place in the 19th century when
Queen Victoria of Scotland gave a royal charter to the Institute of Accountants in
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Glasgow.
_______ 3. Philippines has started to be completely compliant with the
International Financial Reporting standards to the present.
_______ 4. Egyptians invented the abacus of bead and wire and were making
and keeping accounting records.
_______ 5. The beginning of accounting can be traced back to income
calculation and taxation activities of Ancient Mesopotamia.
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Subject to further validation for IP compliance, this material is for first quarter use only. Circulation shall be limited to public schools within the jurisdiction of the Division of Cebu Province. LR-PIPCV
WHAT IS IT
Definitions of Accounting
Accounting is a system that allows businesses to trace its financial activities
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and evaluate results. There are three major steps involved in accounting: (1)
identifying financial events, (2) recording financial events, and (3) communicating
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the summarized results of all financial events to different parties for
decision-making. All these steps are performed by the accountant.
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The American Accounting Association (AAA) defines accounting as the
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process of identifying, measuring, and communicating economic information to
permit informed judgment and decisions by users of the information.
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The Accounting Standards Council (ASC) considers accounting as a service
activity which functions by providing quantitative information, primarily financial S
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in nature, about economic entities, that is intended to be useful in making
economic decisions.
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Nature of Accounting
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From the definitions above, you can determine what features accounting
has. These features describe the nature of accounting.
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Hence, it involves a step called identifying, where events of the business are
identified as whether they are financial and material in nature or not.
4. Accounting is a means, not than an end. You have read that accounting
contributes to the success of every business. Hence, accounting serves as a tool
to achieve business goals rather than being the goals themselves.
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through a series of steps. Period by period, this accounting information are
summarized for the preparation of accounting reports or financial statements.
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History of Accounting
When did accounting begin?
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It is said that the beginning of accounting can be traced back to as early as
when people learned to trade, tax and develop a system of counting money.
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According to history, in 4000B B.C., the income of temples was recorded in lower
Mesopotamia. The Phoenicians also in 1000 B.C. created an alphabet with
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accounting to help them in their trades with the ancient Egyptians and avoid
being cheated. In 500 B.C. history recorded the invention of the first bead and
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wire abacus by the Egyptians who were already making and keeping accounting
records during the time.
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history due to writing a book that introduced and disseminated the double-entry
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WHAT’S MORE
FACT SHEETS
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definition, nature and history, and draw a bin as what appears below. Crash out the
wrong statements and rewrite them on the bin. Leave the correct ones as is.
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Luca Pacioli is a prominent person in
the history of accounting.
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No one becomes an accountant unless
he or she knows how to paint. S
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profession.
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MY LEARNING JOURNAL
Accounting definition, nature and history are three of the most important topics
to learn in this subject. With them, you find there’s a point moving forward with
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accounting. Now please share what’s on your mind. On your answer sheet, write
your insights about how accounting can be play an important role in life. Have a great
time pondering and writing!
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What I Can Do
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PLAY MAYOR
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BECOME TOUGHER!
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In this activity, you are going to imagine yourself a mayor of your own town,
having the opportunity and responsibility to oversee the town residents. Decide
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whether you are going to approve or disapprove the following actions of the
following individuals. On your answer sheet, simply write A if you approve, and D if
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you disapprove.
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Assessment
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LESSON QUIZ
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LET’S CHECK WHAT YOU’VE LEARNED!
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Read each item or question carefully. Then, write the letter that corresponds to
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your answer.
1. Which of the following is a correct listing of the steps in the accounting process?
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a. identifying, recording, communicating
b. identifying, segregating, communicating
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a. Identifying c. Communicating
b. Recording d. All are equally important.
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7. Accounting being a service activity is applicable only to businesses rendering
services.
a. The statement is true.
b. The statement is false.
8. There is only one definition of accounting that can be considered acceptable.
a. The statement is true.
b. The statement is false.
9. Accountants communicate the summarized results of all company financial
events to interested parties to help them in ________.
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a. making relevant decisions c. selling products
b. choosing job applicants d. extending the life of the business
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10. Accounting keeps a record of all financial transactions done by the company
period after period. What nature of accounting is shown in this?
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a. Accounting is a process. c. Accounting is an art.
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b. Accounting is a means rather than an end. d. Accounting is an information
system.
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11. Which of the following is a chronologically ordered listing of accounting history
events?
a. Income of temples was recorded in lower Mesopotamia → Origination of the S
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profession of chartered accountants in Scotland → Invention of the first
bead and wire abacus by the Egyptians
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double-entry bookkeeping
c. Income of temples was recorded in lower Mesopotamia → Creation of
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a. steps c. standards
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b. features d. events
13. Two of that which accountants must possess are mathematical skill and
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system.
14. One of the features of accounting is that it is concerned with financial
information and transactions. Which of the following is not similar in meaning
with the underlined phrase?
a. economic information c. money matters
b. material information d. managerial information
15. Accounting is considered a ship that carries the company to its destination. What
feature of accounting is meant by this?
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a. Accounting is a process. c. Accounting is an art.
b. Accounting is a means rather than an end. d. Accounting is an information
system.
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY
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TIMELINE MAKING
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Build Up Your Skill!
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Were you amazed by when and how accounting started? As your final task, make
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a timeline of the history/origin and developments of accounting. Do it as creatively as
you can using any tools available at home. Utilize a separate sheet for this task. Do it
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with fun!
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TERM CRACKER
A timeline is a listing of important events and the time they occurred
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WHAT I NEED TO KNOW
Hi again learner!
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K-12 Most Essential Learning Competencies:
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➢ Define external users and give examples (ABM_FABM11- IIIa-7)
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➢ Define internal users and give examples (ABM_FABM11- IIIa-8)
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Learning Objectives:
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➢ Define external and internal users of accounting information; S
➢ Classify users of accounting information as external or internal;
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➢ Solve exercises on the identification of users of accounting information;
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and
➢ Show sincerity in carrying out all tasks.
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WHAT I KNOW
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PRE-ASSESSMENT
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Read each statement or question below. Then, write the letter that corresponds
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to your answer.
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3. Which of the following uses accounting information on behalf of the company?
a. Government b. General Public c. Managers
4. They are composed of banks, lenders and rich individuals who lend money or
resources to the business.
a. Investors b. Owners c. Creditors
5. Which of the following will need to check the financial statement of a company?
a. Owner of the company c. Both a and b
b. Government
6. The income of the business comes mainly from its transactions with _________.
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a. Customers b. Lenders c. Employees
7. Which of the following is FALSE about accounting information users?
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a. Accounting information users are classified into internal and external users.
b. Company owners and tax authorities both use accounting information but for
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different reasons.
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c. The general public doesn’t have interest in accounting information of
businesses.
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8. These are hired workers of a company that view its financial statements for
personal reasons.
a. Supervisors b. Managers c. Employees S
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9. What is likely to be the reason why an employee would want to check the financial
statement of the company where he is working?
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c. To know if the company is in good condition and can pay his salary
10. The company accountant should only communicate accounting data to company
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owners.
a. The statement is true. b. The statement is false.
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appropriate decisions.
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12. The Bureau of Internal Revenue is what example of accounting information user?
a. Supplier b. Academe c. Taxing Authority
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13. The manager, owner and customers of Double V company are all examples of
internal user of accounting information.
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14. The customers, creditors and prospective investors of New Clothes Company are
all examples of external users of accounting information.
a. The statement is true. b. The statement is false
15. What is likely to be the reason why a bank would want to check the financial
statement of a company applying to borrow money from it?
a. To know if the company has the ability to pay the amount it is borrowing
b. To know if the company is a reliable supplier of a particular product
c. To verify if the company is honestly paying taxes to the government
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How do you do? Great job for reaching this another lesson in FABM 1! You’ve
just learned that communicating is one of the steps involved in the accounting
process. Today, you will find out to whom accounting information will be
communicated and why. So, get yourself ready for another set of learning tasks and
activities.
WHAT’S IN
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Given Best School Supplies Center which sells school and office supplies to
customers. After six months of operation, its owner Beverly asks her
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accountant to prepare and present the financial statements of the business.
As an owner, Beverly has reasonable interest of knowing through the financial
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statements if her business is profiting or losing.
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Other than Beverly, who else do you think will use the financial statements of
Best School Supplies Center?
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Making guesses now? You’ll find out no sooner about the different accounting
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information users!
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WORD SEARCH
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Find 10 words that are related to accounting inside the word square and write
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them on your answer sheet. Cue: Some words may be in vertical-downward position,
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WHAT’S NEW
MYSTERY BOX
Figure It Out!
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The mystery box now opens, and inside it are some of the stakeholders or
accounting information users of Best School Supplies Center whose owner is Beverly.
Why do you think these stakeholders need to see and use the financial statements of
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Best School Supplies Center? Share your opinion and write them on your answer
sheet.
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Beverly
(Company
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Owner)
S Manager
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Customers
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Public
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Government
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Manager
__________________________________________________________________
Customers
__________________________________________________________________
Government
__________________________________________________________________
Public
_________________________________________________________________
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WORDS OVER DOTS
Read each item. Then, identify the word or words that would fill in over the dots
and make each statement about accounting information users correct. Choose your
answers from the pool of words provided and write them on your answer sheet.
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1. Customers refer to those who or acquire services from a company
at a price.
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2. Potential investors are individuals or other businesses planning to in
the company.
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3. is concerned about the effects of businesses to the economy and
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checks the accuracy of financial statements submitted by businesses for the
computation of correct tax payable.
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4. The are people not connected with the company, but use accounting
information to know how the business affects the economy, as well as identify
opportunities for employment. S
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5. users refer to parties who do not belong to the company but make
important decisions based on the company’s accounting information.
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External Internal
invest Government
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WHAT IS IT
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2. Employees/Labor Unions - They are ordinary company employees who assess
the company’s profitability and stability, and their consequence on future salary
and job security.
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Overall, they are interested to know if the business is profiting and how much.
External users are those who are not part of the company but need to use
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accounting information to be able to make decisions. They are the following:
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1. Potential Investors - They are individuals or other business planning to invest
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in the company. To be able to make sure that the company is worth putting
their money in, they check its financial statements and make decisions based
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on the accounting information gathered.
worthiness and the capability of the business to pay its obligations including
related interests on maturity date.
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3. Customers - They refer to people who buy goods or acquire services from the
company at a price. They check the financial statements of their suppliers in
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order to determine if they are a stable source of supply over a long period.
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their effects to the economy. They also want to check if businesses are paying
their taxes honestly. Thus, they check the financial statements of businesses.
Examples are the Bureau of Internal Revenue, which is a tax authority, and the
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7. Public - The general public is composed to individuals who are not related to
the company. However, they use the financial statements of a company to
determine how it affects the economy, and pinpoint possible prospects for
employment.
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WHAT’S MORE
LEFT - RIGHT
Sort It Out!
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Classify the users of accounting information inside the circle as internal or
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external. If the user is internal, rewrite it on the left box; if the user is external,
rewrite it on the right box. Do this on your answer sheet.
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ER
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LEFT RIGHT
Management
Suppliers S
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Company Owner
General Public
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Academe
Customers
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Labor Unions
Creditors
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Government
Employees
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GROUPING
Identify which does not belong to group of internal or external users and cross it
out. Do this on your answer sheet.
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Subject to further validation for IP compliance, this material is for first quarter use only. Circulation shall be limited to public schools within the jurisdiction of the Division of Cebu Province. LR-PIPCV
4. General Public, Existing Investor, Company Proprietor, Manager
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T H R E E, T W O, ONE
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Think Aloud!
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What can you say about your journey through this lesson? On your answer sheet,
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copy the labelled boxes below and fill them out.
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Three Realizations You Two Challenges One Question You Have
Have Acquired from the You Have Encountered
S about the Lesson
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Lesson in the Lesson
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Subject to further validation for IP compliance, this material is for first quarter use only. Circulation shall be limited to public schools within the jurisdiction of the Division of Cebu Province. LR-PIPCV
What I Can Do
INSIGHT LOG
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You’ve gone through a series of uphills and downhills from task 1 to here! Impart
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your practical learning out of this lesson by writing a short essay based on the starter
below. Do this on your answer sheet.
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After having learned about internal and external users of
accounting information, I am planning to… S
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Subject to further validation for IP compliance, this material is for first quarter use only. Circulation shall be limited to public schools within the jurisdiction of the Division of Cebu Province. LR-PIPCV
Assessment
LESSON QUIZ
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Read each item carefully, then write the letter of your answer.
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1. Which of the following is not an internal user of accounting information?
a. Business Owners b. Suppliers c. Field Workers
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2. Which of the following is not an external user of accounting information?
a. Accountancy Student b. BIR Officials c. Manager
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3. Employees are users of accounting information. What do you think they are
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primarily concerned with?
a. The ability of the company to provide continuous employment opportunities
b. The amount of returns the owners have earned S
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c. The ability of the company to pay its debts
4. Internal users of accounting information are those who make decisions on behalf
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of the organization.
a. The statement is true.
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statements?
a. Creditors b. Clients c. General Public
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6. External users of accounting information are those who are not part of the
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a business?
a. Creditors b. Accountant c. Manager
8. What refers to institutions that use accounting information from the financial
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Subject to further validation for IP compliance, this material is for first quarter use only. Circulation shall be limited to public schools within the jurisdiction of the Division of Cebu Province. LR-PIPCV
11. The difference between internal and external accounting users is that________.
a. Internal users deal with the company daily.
b. Internal users are affected by the activities of the company.
c. Internal users make decisions on behalf of the company.
12. A business that invests money in another business is considered to be an internal
user of accounting information of the business it invests in.
a. The statement is true.
b. The statement is false.
13. The difference between a stockholder and a potential investor is that________.
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a. Stockholders have already invested their money into the business.
b. Stockholders are considered owners of the business.
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c. Both a and b.
14. Collectively, clients, buyers, and patrons are called________.
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a. Creditors b. Employees c. Customers
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15. Which of the following correctly states the difference between managers and
laborers vis-a-vis using accounting information?
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a. Managers are internal users while laborers are external users.
b. Laborers are employed by the company while managers are not.
c. Managers use the company’s accounting information to make decisions for S
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the company, while laborers use it to make personal decisions.
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ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY
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SOLVING EXERCISE
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Hover through the cases below. Answer them on your answer sheet.
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On the part of Imperial Inc., is Joshua an internal user or external user? Support your
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answer.
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Case #2: Ryan is a collection officer of HAMA Motor Dealer company. But he also is a
supplier of construction nails to different hardware shops in his locality. Can Ryan be
classified as an external accounting information user? How?
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_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Subject to further validation for IP compliance, this material is for first quarter use only. Circulation shall be limited to public schools within the jurisdiction of the Division of Cebu Province. LR-PIPCV
Subject to further validation for IP compliance, this material is for first quarter use only. Circulation shall be limited to public schools within the jurisdiction of the Division of Cebu Province. LR-PIPCV
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Lesson Quiz, pp. 11-13
1. A
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2. C
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3. B
4. D
5. B
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6. C
7. B
8. B
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9. A
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10. D
11. C
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Ordering Events, p. 6
13. C
14. D Only second statement is
3,4,5,2,1
wrong.
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15. B
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Pre-Assessment
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pp. 1-2
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1. C
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3. C
4. B
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5. C
6. A
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7. C
Letter Puzzles Defining by Connecting 8. B
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pp. 5-6 pp. 4-5 9. B
10. A
1. information 1st box ------ 3rd box 11. C
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2. process3 2nd box ------ 1st box 12. C
3. art 3rd box ------ 2nd box 13. B
4. means 4th box ------ 4th box 14. C
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5. financial 5th box ------ 5th box 15. A
LESSON 1
ANSWER KEY
Subject to further validation for IP compliance, this material is for first quarter use only. Circulation shall be limited to public schools within the jurisdiction of the Division of Cebu Province. LR-PIPCV
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Lesson Quiz, pp. 22-23
1. B
2. C
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3. A
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4. A
5. C
6. A
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9. C Management Suppliers
10. C Company Owner General Public
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13. C Creditors
14. C Government
15. C
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5. C
6. A
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7. C
8. C
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Grouping, p. 19 9. C
Words Over Dots, p. 17
10. B
11. A
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1. Government 1. buy goods
2. Laborer 12. C
2. invest
3. Supervisor 13. B
3. Government
14. A
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4. General Public 4. public
5. Labor Unions 15. A
5. External
LESSON 2
ANSWER KEY
REFERENCES AND RESOURCES:
Tugas, F., Salendrez, H., & Rabo, J., Manaligod, M.G., ed. Senior High School
Fundamentals of Accountancy, Business and Management 1 Textbook. Vibal Group
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/business.asp
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https://www.abcteach.com/documents/clip-art-box-bw-I-abcteachcom-29846
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_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Subject to further validation for IP compliance, this material is for first quarter use only. Circulation shall be limited to public schools within the jurisdiction of the Division of Cebu Province. LR-PIPCV