caudal cranial

1 Pigeon
4
Columba livia
4
3
3 1. Cere
2
1 3 2. Uropegeal gland
3. Primary feather
4. Secondary feathers
5. Cloaca
6. Tracheal tube
Cranial end 7
7. Syrinx
11
8. Bronchus
23
9. Lung
6 Dorsal view
10. Esophagus
6 11. Crop
10
8
12. Proventriculus
7 13. Ventriculus (gizzard)
14. Duodenum
11 13
Dorsal view
15. Jejunum
11 8 16. Ileum
12
17. Large intestine
9
10
18. Colic cecum
6 22
14
14 19. Mesentery
21
9 9 26 20. Liver
23 15 21. Pancreas
16 22. Spleen
15
20 23. Heart – ventricle
20 20
24. Heart – atrium
13 25. Aortic arch
14 14 18
18 26. Testis
15 27. Keel of sternum
17
21

5 Liver intact Male

Caudal end Liver removed Sabrina Cornish and Carol Wenzel. 2019

Heart and liver removed

23
Dorsal view

8 7 6 25

10 21 8

14 24
13 24
9 9
11 15 15

12

11
19

26 16 23
13
27 18
14

18 15 14
21
Feathers removed Male 17
 14
R 1 L
14
1

Pigeon
11
15 16
2
8
2
11
Dorsal view 12
11
Caudal view Columba livia
16
1. Crop
10 4 6
16: Broken at
6 2. Heart – ventricle
caudal end
Dorsal
Dorsal view 3. Lung
13 view 5 3 5 4. Liver
3

14
5. Proventriculus
13
22 6. Ventriculus (gizzard)
7
14
7. Jejunum
8
8 11 11 8. Ileum
11 11 9. Large intestine
11
10. Colic cecum
12 11
11
8 14 11. Kidney
10
11
10 Peritoneum removed
11
12. Ureter
from L side 11
10 9 11 13. Spleen
10 9 11 8 14. Testis
15. Epididymis
23 10
11 16. Vas deferens
23
17. Ovary (with eggs)
Most of liver removed Most of liver removed
18. Ostium
Mature male Immature male 19. Oviduct
Testes are smaller 20. Uterus
than in mature male. 21. Developing eggs in oviduct
or uterus
22. Peritoneum
23. Cloaca

2 3
Caudal view Sabrina Cornish and Carol Wenzel. 2019

17
8
6 5
18 11 17
3
Dorsal view
18 7
17

11
19 7
17 8
10
21
19
11 19
7 10
8
21
7 19 9
19

10 20 9
20
9
20

Liver removed

Mature female More mature female Immature female

Large follicles in ovaries. Eggs are larger within Oviduct and uterus
Enlarged oviduct and uterus the enlarged oviduct and uterus. are not enlarged.
contains developing eggs.
 2
1

3
Pigeon
Columba livia
2

2
4 Isolated
5 digestive system
13
6
6
3 1. Beak
6
14 2. Esophagus
3. Crop
4. Proventriculus
4
5. Ventriculus (gizzard)
11
6. Duodenum
12
7 7. Jejunum
12 8. Ileum
5
9. Large intestine
6 8
10. Colic cecum
13
6 10 11. Mesentery
9
7 12. Liver
7
13. Pancreas
14. Spleen
11 Liver removed

Sabrina Cornish and Carol Wenzel. 2019

2 2 2

4
4
4

12

12 5

14
5
6
5
6

6 13
5

7 13
8 6

7
7 7
8

10
10

9 9
10 10
9
Liver removed Liver removed