9. What do you understand about 'choice motivation'?

Give an
example of a scene related to it..

"choice motivation" refers to getting started and to setting goals.

the example of scene related to it is (a secondary school learner
in poland is excited about an upcoming trip to spain and because
of that he decides to take a spanish course)

 Question 2:
The younger learners in an informal language learning
environments
 usually have a more time to learn a language.
 This is because they often have more opportunities to hear
and use the language in environment because they do not
experience strong pressure to speak fluently and accurately from
the very begining.
 Futhermore,their early imperfect efforts are often praises or
at least accepted.
 Meanwhile,older learners are more likely to find themselves
in a situation that demand more complex language and the
expression of more complicated ideas.
 They are often embarrrassed by their lack of mastery the
language and a sense of inadequacy after experiences of
frustration in trying to say exactly what they mean.
 Therefore such feeling may affect their motivation and
willingness to to place themselves in situation where they will
need to use the new language.
 Question 13:

FIELD INDEPENDENT (FID)

-Tend to separate details from the general background.
 -More successful in 2nd language learning.
-This people are task oriented, impersonal orientation,
analytic, independent, socially sensitive.

FIELD DEPENDENT (FD)

-See things more holistically.
-Personal orientation, holistic, dependent, not so socially
aware.

Example: field dependent learnes see the forest but field

independent learners see the tree within the forest.

 Question 5:
Motivation is defined in terms of 2 factors:
-Learner’s communicative needs
= to fulfil professional ambitions.

-Learner’s attitude towards the second language community.

= favourable attitude towards the speakers of the language.

Instrumental motivation- learning for immediate goals.

Integrative motivation- learning for personal growth.
Choice motivation- to set goals.
Executive motivation- carry out tasks to maintain motivation.
Motivation retrospection- student’s reaction towards their
performance.

Motivation in classroom:
-Motivating students into the lesson
-Varying the activities
 -Use co-operative goals( working together) than competitive
goals(individual reliance)

does intelligence effect 2nd language learning?

Intelligence means IQ ability, some said that people with higher

IQ can learn 2nd language faster. However intellingence is related
to metalinguistic knowledge than communicative ability.
reading,grammar and vocabulary are not related to oral
production skills.this kind of ability is not really important in
classroom where instruction focuses more on communication and
interaction.many students who is poor in academic can also
success in 2nd language learning if they are given good chance

 12)How does the noticing hypothesis explain second

language learning?

Noticing hypothesis explains the essential starting point of

learning second language. This hypothesis states that we learn
something if we notice it. If the input is new and different from
what is expected in second language by a learner the knowledge
about the second language will be increased. The problem arise if
the learner is not aware to notice something in the input of
second language but according to information processing
theories, anything that uses up our mental ‘processing theories’
,even if we are not aware of it can contribute to learning.