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441 Iit-D: Dr. Suresh Bhalla
441 Iit-D: Dr. Suresh Bhalla
IIT DELHI
-D
IIT
1
44
Dr. Suresh Bhalla
VP
C
Professor
Tel: 2659-1040 Email: Sbhalla@civil.iitd.ac.in
08/10/2019 23
PILES
-D
PRECAST CAST-IN-SITU
IIT
1
44
CASED UNCASED
VP
C
08/10/2019 24
WHEN PILES SHOULD BE USED??
Soil is too weak
-D
Predominantly lateral loads
IIT
High possibility of uplift
1
44
Under marine environment
VP
-D
Load capacity in compression
IIT
Load capacity in uplift
1
44
Lateral load capacity
VP
In addition, good Geotechnical Engineers generally
C
08/10/2019 26
DESIGN OF PILE
FOUNDATION SYSTEM
(1) Number and layout of piles (pile layout)
-D
Will depend on the load and moments at the base of
IIT
the columns.
1
(2) Design of pile caps
44
VP
C
08/10/2019 27
NUMBER AND LAYOUT OF PILES
Chipped off
My concrete Rebars
-D
Hx
IIT
Mx
Hy
1
ELEVATION
PLAN
D Pt = P + Overburden
Min 50mm
Mxt = Mx + Hy * D
Myt = My + Hx * D
08/10/2019 28
NUMBER AND LAYOUT OF PILES
Chipped off
My concrete Rebars
-D
Hx
IIT
Mx
Hy
1
ELEVATION
PLAN
44
VP
P
My
Hx
C
D Min 50mm
y (Compression)
-D
Hx
Hy
Mx F3 = (Pt /4)- (Mxt/2y)- (Myt/2x)
IIT
2 1 Could be negative i.e uplift
x Lateral force = sqrt (Hx^2+Hy^2)/4
1
44
Must make sure that
Max compressive force <= Pile capacity in compression
P
VP
My Max uplift force <= Pile capacity in uplift
Hx Max lateral force <= Lateral load capacity
D If unsafe
C
Min 50mm
Increase x or y or number of piles
Min 75mm
thick levelling If oversafe
course (1:5:10
lean concrete) Reduce number of piles
08/10/2019 30
NUMBER AND LAYOUT OF PILES
My P
My
-D
Hx
IIT
Hx D Min 50mm
Mx
Hy
Min 75mm
1
thick levelling
course (1:5:10
44
lean concrete)
PLAN ELEVATION
Clear overhang = 100mm
VP
Preferably 150mm (Sinha, 2005)
C
08/10/2019 31
NUMBER AND LAYOUT OF PILES
3
My
2y/3
-D
Mx
IIT
Hx
y/3
Hy
2 1
1
x
Pile forces 44
VP
F1 = (Pt /3)+ (Mxt/2y)+ (Myt/x) (Compression)
C
08/10/2019 32
NUMBER AND LAYOUT OF PILES
Tie beam to take care of Mx
My
-D
Mx 1
2
IIT
Hx
Hy
x
1
44
VP
Pile forces
C
08/10/2019 33
In general, for an array of n number
-D
IIT
of piles:
1
Fi = (Pt /n)± (Mxty/∑y2) ± (Mytx/ ∑x2)
44
VP
C
08/10/2019 34
MINIMUM SPACING OF PILES
(IS 2911 Part 1, sec 2: 1979)
-D
Friction piles 3 * Pile diameter
IIT
End bearing piles through
2.5 * Pile diameter
1
compressible strata
44
End bearing piles through 3.5 * Pile diameter or
VP
compressible strata and 1050mm (whichever is more)
resting on stiff clays
C
08/10/2019 35
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
OF PILE CAPS
-D
IIT
Design for bending
1
44
Check for one-way shear
VP
08/10/2019 36
DESIGN FOR BENDING
P
My
-D
Hx
IIT
D
1
44
F
T
VP
moment
Top and bottom reinforcements can be found
similar to an isolated footing
08/10/2019 37
CHECK FOR ONE WAY SHEAR
d/2
P
My
-D
Hx
IIT
D
1
D = effective depth
44 T
F
VP
Face of col.
In case of
C
1
equal to half the
44 effective depth
VP
C
08/10/2019 39
CHECK FOR ONE WAY SHEAR
P
My
Hx
-D
P
My
D Hx
IIT
D
1
44
F
F
VP
This pile will make full
contribution in shear This pile will make no
C
contribution in shear
08/10/2019 40
CONTRIBUTION OF A PILE FOR ONE
WAY SHEAR (IS 456)
-D
IIT
1
44
VP
C
08/10/2019 41
CHECK FOR ONE WAY SHEAR
Critical section
P
My
Hx
-D
P
My
D Hx
IIT
D
1
Dp/2 Dp/2
44
F
0%
Linear interpolation
if in between
08/10/2019 42
CHECK FOR TWO WAY SHEAR
d/2
-D
P
IIT
1
44
VP
C
08/10/2019 43
REINFORCEMENT DETAILING (SP 34)
-D
IIT
1
44
VP
C
08/10/2019 44
-D
IIT
1
MIN COVER TO
44 REINFORCEMENT
= 75mm (50mm as
VP
per IS 456)
C
08/10/2019 45
REINFORCEMENT DETAILING (SP 34)
-D
IIT
1
44
VP
C
08/10/2019 46