applied
economics
o MARKET STRUCTURE
 refers to the competitive environment in
which buyers and sellers operate
competition.
o COMPETITION
 rivalry among various sellers in the
market.
o The MARKET is a situation diffused,
impersonal competition among sellers who
compete to sell the goods and among buyers
who use their purchasing power to acquire the
available goods in the market.
types of competition
o PERFECT COMPETITION
 implies an ideal situation for the buyers
and sellers
 nagmimeet and needs and wants,
nabibilhan ang mga tindahan
 magkakalapit ang pesyo, balance ang
demand
 no single buyer can influence the price
since he/she purchases only small
amount. Buyers cannot extract quantity
discounts and credit loans.
 a homogenous product is sold by
sellers, which means the products are
highly similar in such a consumer will
have no preference in buying from one
to another.
o IMPERFECT COMPETITION
 in other markets, one or more of the
assumptions of perfect competition will
not be met.
 Pumapasok na ang mga preffered bilhin
ng mga tao, depende sa preference ng
buyers if quality or quantity.
different types of imperfectly
competitive market
o MONOPOLY
 exists when a single firm that sells in
that market has no close substitutes.
 because of the absence of competition,
there is also the danger that consumers
will suffer from poor quality of the
goods and poor service delivered by the
monopolist.
 no choice ang consumers kaya they will
buy any kind of a particular product
reasons for the existence of
monopoly
 a single seller has control of the raw
materials.
 ownership of distinct or copyright invested
in a single seller.
 The producer enjoys economies sales which
are savings from a large range of outputs.
 the monopolist faces downward slopping
demand curve; meaning, the lower the price,
the higher the quantity that will be bought
by the consumer.
o MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION
 it allows variety of choices
 e.g A successful executive who is
sopping for a car may choose to buy
from Toyota, Honda, Mercedes Benz,
etc. If he wants a Toyota, he has a
variety of choices s.a Wigo, Vios,
Innova, etc.
 We can differentiate one car from
another not only by brand but also by the
model, style, and additional
convenience.
  a blend of competition and monopoly Sector/ Basic BW New COLA NMW
Industry Wage Increa BW Rates
 firms sell differentiated products which se
are highly substitutable but are not Non 451.00 15.00 466.00 15.00 481.00
Agri
perfect substitute (replica) Agri 414.00 15.00 429.00 15.00 444.00
 many sellers offer heterogeneous or P. 414.00 15.00 429.00 15.00 444.00
differentiated products, similar but not Hospital
s
identical and satisfy the same need; Retail 414.00 15.00 429.00 15.00 444.00
 changes in product characteristics to Est
Manufac 414.00 15.00 429.00 15.00 444.00
increase appeal using brand, flavor, turing
consistency, and packaging as means to
attract customers.
labor migrators and the
o OLIGOPOLY
overseas Filipino workers
o another distinct feature of Philippine Labor is
 a market dominated by small number of
the growth of laborers whom we call the OFWs
strategically interacting firms.
or the Overseas Filipino Workers
 Different stalls in a place.
o because of a high unemployment rate in the
 Characteristics:
country, currently at 6.4%. Filipinos have
 action of firms affects the firms
started to find work in other countries.
 interdependence among firms
o Because higher wages are higher in US and
other countries.

the Philippine peso and foreign

currencies
o Trading with other countries is also an important
economic activity that impacts on the economy.
Selling locally made products, called exports,
means we earn dollars as payment for these
goods bought by foreign buyers.

the Philippine wage situation Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas

o usually, when the Labor Day is celebrated in the Treasury Department
Reference Exchange Bulletin
Philippines on May 1, labor unions and
organizations clamor for wages increases. The
government protects the workers through the Country Unit Symbol PHP
imposition of minimum wages. US Dollar USD 44.412000
Japan Yen JPY 0.372900
Current Minimum Wage UK Pound GBP 66.307100
Hongkong Dollar HKD 5.729600
National Capital Region
Switzerland Franc CHF 46.436700
As of April 4, 2015

Philippine contemporary
issues
major issues affecting the
poor and the marginalized
o An important goal when planning a community
action program is to address the issues
confronted by different communities
o POVERTY
 Stage of being extremely poor and lacking
the means to see one’s basic needs.
major causes of poverty
 Low to moderate economic growth for the
past years.
 Low growth elasticity or not being able to
return to its better condition of poverty
reduction.
 Weakness in employment generation and the
quality of jobs generated.
 Failure to fully develop the agriculture
sector.
 High inflation or the general increase of
goods and services during crisis periods.
 High levels of population growth.
other issues of the poor and
marginalized
o VIOLATION OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE’S
RIGHTS
 The indigenous communities constitute 15 to
20% of the Filipino population. One of the
challenges they face is aggressive
development and commercial activities such
as mining and logging that affects their land
and ancestral homes.
o HOUSING CONCERNS
 The force eviction of the informal settlers
often results in violence, with many civilians
and police injured or killed in the clashes.
o VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
 The violence is further worsened by the fact
that women in poor families are
economically dependent on their husbands,
and often have no choice but to remain with
their abusers.
o VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN
 Poverty can force poor, disadvantages, and
marginalized children to come into conflict
with the law. They become involved in
vagrancy, petty crimes, and substance abuse.
o EXTRAJUDICIAL KILLINGS
 Refers to the execution of suspected
criminals and human rights activists carried
out by government authorities without legal
authorization proceeding process.
personal
development
man’s wholeness and balance
in life
Man can be identified by 3
o NATURE
 heredity, genetic make up
o NURTURE
 pano nahubog sa environment, external
factors, kung pano ka nainfluce ng mga tao
sa paligid
o PERSONALITY
 sets of thoughts (attitude), qualities, traits,
behavior, feelings, habits.
big five personality traits
1. EXTROVERSION
 outgoing, sociable, nalways directing
attention to others (positive)
 (Low Scores) Loner, quiet, passive. (High
Scores) Joiners, talkative, active
2. AGREEABLENESS
 always agrees, kind, sympathetic, o STRESS
considerate (positive)  defined as the reaction of the mind and body to
 (Low Scores) Suspicious, Critical, Ruthless. a stimulus that disturbs the well-being, state of
(High Scores) Trusting, soft hearted/selfless, calm, or equilibrium of a person
merciful  some says it’s unhealthy when it is too much
and too long but some psychologists say that a
3. CONSCIENSIOUS
minimum amount of it can be healthy and
 you always doing well/best, hardworking helpful
(positive)
 (Low Scores) lazy, late, disorganized (High
Scores) hardworking, industrious, well
organized
POV about stress
o STRESS AS STIMULUS
 that stress is caused by something external or
experience. Ex: Life changing events in life
(from being a student to a pregnant woman)
(Moving into a new school or new house or new
4. NEUROTISM job or new environment)
 nagger (negative)
 (Low Scores) calm, even tempered, o STRESS AS RESPONSE
unemotional (High Scores) moody,  that stress is caused by how your body reacts to
temperamental, irritable, emotional challenges and problems in your life. Nasstress
ka pero kailangan mo harapin ang problema.
5. OPENNESS TO EXPERIENCE Involves your stress hormones and chemicals.
 you are open, you don’t keep secrets of Cortisol (stress hormones, nagcocause ng stress
yourself, you lack restrictions, medyo sayo, eto yung narerelease mo kapag stressed
parang agreeableness (positive) ka) Norepinephrine (nagcacause ng pagtaas ng
 (Low Scores) Secretive, conventional, bp, heartbeat) Ex: Kay crushie pag nandyan sha
uncurious (High Scores) imaginative, bumibilis ang pintig ng puso mo. Pagsusuicide
explorer, creative, risk taker as response sa stress.

o STRESS AS RELATIONAL
 how you look or assess at the situation. You
holistic components tend to relate to a situation. How you weigh a
situation. Pag positive or relevant ang stress sa
(thoughts, emotions, behaviors) Are thoughts,
buhay mo, mas magiging light yun at positive
feelings, and behaviors interrelated?
effect. Pero pag tingin mo ay irelevany, mas
o First, thought of your goals, then you’ll manage magiging mahirap yun.
your emotions to respond with your thoughts
then that will affect your behavior they must
come in work together for our growth.
adolescents’ stressors
(Anything that cause u stress)
After the holistic components, there is always
o HEALTHY STRESS
something that disturbs it which is stress.
 fruitful stress. Nastress ka pero may naging
fruit. Ex: studies, business, reporting,
competition, Basta positive ang effect, healthy
stress yan. (Eustress)
o EUSTRESS
 healthy stress, nagmomitivate na stress
2. Being unable to concentrate.
3. Having poor judgement (you can’t judge
well; you can’t decide well).
4. Seeing only the negative or you are being
pessimist.
5. Being anxious (naasiwa, naiirita).
6. Worrying constantly (lahat nalang nagaalala
ka).

o DISTRESS o EMOTIONAL SYMPTOMS

 gives you a feeling of helplessness, depressed,  when stress affects your emotion.
unhealthy 1. Moody.
2. Irritable, Short tempered.
o CHALLENGES IN THE FAMILY 3. Restlessness (you always feel pagod.) 4.
 the want to be independent, course to take in Overwhelmed (kababawan)
college, comparing to others, 5. Sense of Loneliness and Isolation (gusto mo
magisa ka lang)
o SCHOOL DEMANDS 6. Always feeling unhappy.

o PEER CHALLENGES o PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS

 you always want to belong, because u feel  When your body react on stress and your body
embarrassed when you’re alone weakens.
1. Body aches/pain.
o HEALTH CONCERNS 2. Diarrhea.
 most adolescents have healthy lifestyle, street 3. Nausea (Dizziness)
foods, drinking alcohol, smoking and vaping, 4. Chest pain.
std 5. Rapid heartbeat.
6. Frequent colds

o BEHAVIORAL SYMPTOMS
COPING
 it affects your actions and behaviors
 It is a way how you deal with the stress. 1. Eating more or Eating less.
 Problem - focused (you think of how you will 2. Too much or lack of sleep.
solve your problem) 3. Isolating yourself from others.
 Emotional - focused (you lessen the emotional 4. Neglecting your responsibilities.
impact of stress, positive keme, kaya ko to) 5. You are drinking alcohol.
(self-motivation) 6. Taking drugs.
 Coping is giving back your body to the normal 7. Having nervous habits. (Nagnanail bite,
or balance state. Stress is a part of life; it just pacing)
depends on how you deal with it.

instant relaxers
 Eating comfort food
symptoms of stress  Deep breathing
 Relaxing your muscles
o COGNITIVE SYMPTOMS
 Walking/playing basketball
 affects your mental and intellectual health.
 Aromatherapy
1. If you’re having memory problems (forget).
 Good cry
 Eating healthy snacks (vitamin C foods to boost
your immune system, dark colored berries,
almonds (relaxes your heartbeat), spinach
(calms you down because of its content
magnesium), tuna (calms your heartbeat bcoz of
omega 3), milk, banana (it can make you happy
because of potassium to reduce your tension and
gives you happy hormones or serotonin), sweet
potatoes (bcoz of vitamin B to relax nervous
system)

indicators that you have fully

handled stress
o EMOTIONALLY STABLED
 you stay calm and you can handle your
emotions
o BEING TACTFUL
 being maparaan and you can express your
thoughts and feelings in a non agressive way
o DOING WELL IN SCHOOL
 you are able to meet your requirements and pass
works on time and well done.
o LEARNING TO SAY ‘NO’
 when you learn it, you believe what is right and
deny the no. You can say no to peer pressure.
physical education
futsal
History of Futsal
 The origin of Futsal (Five-a-Side Soccer) can be traced back to Montevideo, Uruguay, in 1930 when Juan
Carlos Ceriani devised a five-a-side version of soccer for youth competition in YMCAs.  The game is
played on basketball-sized courts, both indoors and out without the use of sidewalls
 The Spanish or Portuguese word for “soccer”– FUTbol or FUTebol
 French or Spanish word for “indoor” - SALon or SALa.  
 From this Mr. Para decided to merge the two world and came up with the world FUTSAL. 

basic rules of futsal

 Five players on court – rolling substitutions
 Played to lines. Ball is returned to play with a kick-in.
 All players allowed to enter the penalty area.
 Use of square goals (3m by 2m) Use of size 4 Futsal ball (30% reduced bounce)
 Five foul limit. No wall for direct free kick from 10m after fifth foul
 4 seconds count on free kick and goal clearance
 Only goal keepers can use their hands inside the pitch
 2 halves – 20 minutes each half
 Back pass is not allowed to the goal keeper
futsal court
 Length 38 – 42 m
 Width 18 – 22 m
 First Penalty Spot 6 m
 Second Penalty Spot 12 m
 Penalty Area 5 m
 Center Circle 3 m radius
empowerment o PATTERN, REPETITION & RHYTHM
 These are the repeating visual element on an
image or layout to create unity in the layout or
technologies image. Rhythm is achieved when visual
elements create a sense of organized movement.
Lesson 6

imaging and design for online 

environment
Basic Principles of Graphics and Layout
o BALANCE
 The visual weight of objects, texture, colors, and o PROPORTION
space is evenly distributed on the screen.  Visual elements create a sense of unity where
they relate well with one another.


 SYMMETRICAL BALANCE


o VARIETY
 This uses several design elements to draw a
 viewer’s attention.
 ASSYMMETRICAL BALANCE


infographics
o EMPHASIS
o INFORMATION GRAPHICS/INFOGRAPHIC
 An area in the design that may appear different
 are used to represent information, statistical
in size, texture, shape or color to attract the
data, or knowledge in a graphical manner
viewer’s attention.
usually done in a creative way to attract the
viewer’s attention.

o MOVEMENT
 Visual elements guide the viewer’s eyes around
the screen.



online image file formats
o When inserting text to a web page, you can
simply copy a text to your html editor, or you
can upload it on a website as a PDF file. Most
browsers support “add-ons” so that you can
open PDF files without leaving the browser.
principles and basic techniques
of
image manipulation
1. Choose the right file format.
 Try to make a real-life photograph into GIF to
see the difference between PNG, GIF, and
JPEG. Knowing the purpose is the key to
finding out the best file format.
2. Choose the right image size.
 A camera with 12 megapixels constitutes to a
bigger image size. Monitors have a resolution
limit, so even if you have a million megapixels,
it will not display everything.
3. Caption it.
 Remember to put a caption on images whenever
possible. If it is not related to the web page, then
remove it.
sharing photos with
photobucket
There are plenty of free image hosting sites out
there, and Photobucket is one of the oldest. Here’s
how to access it:
1. First, sign up for a Photobucket account on
photobucket.com. Just like Piktochart, you may
use your Google+ or Facebook account to
automatically sign up.
2. Once your account is set up and you are already
logged in, click the Start Uploading button.
3. A new page will load allowing you to drag and
drop your photos or to choose them manually or
to choose an entire folder to upload. Select a
folder, add a password (optional), then feel free
to upload any photos you have right then.

4. Once selected, a progress bar will appear
indicating that the image is uploading. This may
take a moment and will depend on your Internet
connection. Once you are done, you will see an
indicator similar to the one shown in the image
below.
a. View Uploads
– views photos you just uploaded which also grants
you options to share and edit them individually
b. Share Album
– shares everything you just uploaded plus the other
contents of your specified folder
c. Edit Photos
– uses Photobucket’s photo editing tools to
manipulate your image
5. Let us just assume you will share a photo
individually. To do this, click on View Uploads.
Once the page loads, click the photo you want to
share.
6. On the top of the image, you will see the
following options:
A – shares your photo directly to social media and
blogging platforms: Facebook, Twitter, Google+,
Tumblr, and Pinterest, respectively
B – gives you a variety of link codes for HTML,
Forums, Emails, Instant Messaging, and a direct
link
C – shares your image via email
D – allows you to download your image
E – shares your image to social media sites with the
option to add a custom message
7. You may choose to share your photo to your
friends on Facebook. If you are done sharing,
you may now log off and close the browser.
Lesson 7
online platforms for ICT
content development
o ONLINE PLATFORMS
 are technologies that are grouped to be used as a
base upon which other applications processes or
technologies are developed
examples of online platform
o PRESENTATION/VISUALIZATION
 communicates information clearly and
efficiently via statistical graphics, plots and
information graphics
Examples of Presentation/Visualization
 Prezi – helping to reinvent the art of
presentation
 Zoho – an online project management app that
helps you plan your work and keep track of your
progress
 SlideShare – to build quickly from concise,
well- presented content from top experts
 MindMeister – an online mind-mapping tool
that lets you capture, develop and share ideas
visually
o CLOUD COMPUTING
 the practice of using a network of remote
servers hosted on the internet to store, manage,
 and process data, rather than a local server or a Examples Web Page Creation
personal computer.
 Wix – a cloud-based web development platform
that allows users to create HTML5 websites
and mobile sites through the use of their online
drag and drop tools
 Weebly – a web-hosting service featuring a
drag- and-drop website builder.

o FILE MANAGEMENT
Examples of Cloud Computing  is the storing, naming, sorting and handling
computer files
 Google Drive – keep all work in one secure
place with online file storage Examples of File Management
 Dropbox – keeps your files safe, synced, and  Zamzar – web application to convert files
easy to share  word2pdf – convert Word files to PDF
(Portable Document Format) with this online
tool
o SOCIAL MEDIA
 are computer-mediated tools that allow people,
companies and other organizations to create, o MAPPING
share, or exchange information, career interests,  a transformation taking the points of one space
ideas, and pictures/videos in virtual into the points of the same or another space
communities and networks
Examples of Mapping
Examples of Social Media
 Google Maps – a desktop web mapping service
 Twitter – online social networking service that developed by Google
enables users to send and read short 140-
character messages called “tweets”
 Facebook – is for-profit corporation and online
social networking service
 Tumblr – a micro-blogging platform and social
networking website

o WEB PAGE CREATION

 encompasses a number of important elements
including color, layout, and overall graphical
appearance.
  this means that whatever you type, insert, draw,
content management place, rearrange, and everything you do on a
system page is what the audience will see. It shows and
prints whatever you type on the screen.
 is a computer application (sometimes online or
browser- based) that allows you to publish, edit
and manipulate, organize and delete web o SEARCH ENGINE OPTIMIZATION
content. CMS is used in blogs, news websites,  or SEO
and shopping  a feature that maximizes the search engine
optimization feature so visitors can easily locate
your website
o BLOGS
 is a discussion or informational website
published on the web consisting of discrete,
often informal diary-style text entries ("posts").
Posts are typically displayed in reverse
chronological order, so that the most recent post
appears first, at the top of the web page

o WEBSITE TEMPLATE
 or web template, is a pre- designed webpage,
simply by adding your text and customization
to create your desired web page. It is usually
built with HTML and CSS code.
 Back in the day, you actually need to learn
HTML and CSS to be able to create a decent
website, but today,
 we use a WYSIWYG editor. It allows you to
create and design a web page without any
coding knowledge.

o WYSIWYG
 the acronym for “What You See Is What You
Get”
 business ethics
and social
responsibility
corporate social responsibility
 examples of companies
implementing CSR
media ethics
 Catholic do not just teach prayers but also helps
the community. You can apply social teachings
in your daily lives.
o CATHOLIC SOCIAL TEACHING
 an essential element within the Catholic faith. It
is fundamental to our commitment to the poor
and disenfranchised, the less fortunate and the
vulnerable.
 As humans, we must respect one another and
develop a proper understanding of human life
and dignity.
 emphasizes the need for people to commit
themselves to building a fair and just society
and to lead unselfish lives through example.
 It focuses on helping others, respecting each
other’s dignity
seven major themes in catholic
social teaching
 Life and Dignity of the Human Person
 Call to Family, Community, and
Participation
 Rights and Responsibilities
 Option for the Poor and Vulnerable
 The Dignity of Work and the Rights of
Workers
 Solidarity
 Care for God’s Creation
o LIFE AND DIGNITY OF A HUMAN
PERSON
 Genesis 1:27 New International Version (NIV)
 27 So God created mankind in his own image, in
the image of God he created them; male and
female he created them.
 Principle of Dignity of the Human Person
 Every person deserves respect
 Our dignity does not come from what we
do or what we have, it comes from being
God’s special creation
 ang pundasyon ng 7 major ay yung number 1
(life and dignity of a human person) Sa
pagmamahal, dignidad, at buhay ng tao
nagsisimula ang lahat.
The Catholic Church proclaims that human life is
sacred and that the dignity of the human person is
the foundation of a moral vision for society.
 People do not lose dignity due to factors such as
poverty, age, gender, disability, race and
ethnicity, or a lack of success.
 This belief is the foundation of all the principles
of our social teaching.
 We believe that every person is precious, that
people are more important than things, and that
the measure of every institution is whether it
 threatens or enhances the life and dignity of the
human person. o OCCUPATION
 Tent Maker

o LANGUAGE SPOKEN
Works that are morally wrong  Greek
that affects the life and dignity  Hebrew

of a human person o EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

* Death penalty * War  Basic schooling in Jerusalem on the Jewish
law under Rabbi Gamaliel
* Cloning * Violence
* Abortion * Discrimination
* Euthanasia

St. Paul
o NAME

 Saul (Jewish)
 Paul (Greek)
 Paulus (Roman)

o FAMILY NAME
 Benjamin

o BIRTHDAY
 Circa 1 BCE to 5 CE (see Philemon9) Acts
7, 58

o BIRTHPLACE
 City of Tarsus, Province of Cilicia (Acts
22,3; 21,39

o STATUS
 Single

o CITIZENSHIP
 Roman by birth

o RELIGION
 Judaism

o RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION
 Pharisee
 camera movements
o PANNING SHOT
 The camera moves perpendicular to the
direction it is pointed.

o TILT SHOT
 Shot that uses cinematographic technique
called “tilting” in which the camera stays
fixed but rotates up and down on a vertical
plane.
 Titling is similar to the motion of an
individual raising or lowering their heads.

o TRACKING SHOT
 The camera follows along next to or behind
a moving object or person. In
cinematography, the term refers to a shot in
which the camera is mounted on a camera
dolly that then placed on rails – like railroad
track.

o ZOOM SHOT
 Taken by a camera with an adjusted focal
length of the lens to give an illusion of
moving closer or further away from the
action.
  Willingness of customers to still buy our
business products despite high budget conflict
 Young generation looking for more diverse
product range
enterprise o THREATS
 Price wars
simulation  Competition with other businesses in the
campus
 Trend for discounts
SWOT analysis
In the marketing field, the SWOT analysis is
a tool that allows a business to figure out its internal
market-oriented and cost-based
Strength and Weakness, as well as its external pricing
Opportunities and Threats. On one side, the
business becomes aware of its advantages and o MARKET-ORIENTED PRICING
disadvantages compared to the competition. On the  Also known as competition-based strategy,
other side, the business can take important decisions market-oriented based pricing compares
based on the real opportunities and threats from the similar products being offered on the
market. market. Then, the seller sets the price lower
than their competitors depending on how
The Sweet Reminisce well their own products matches up.
o STRENGTHS o COST-BASED PRICING
 Diverse selection of products  One of the pricing methods of determining
 Abundant source of capital the selling price of a product by the
 Knowledge obtained by the student company, wherein the price of the product is
entrepreneurs determined by adding a profit element
 Great public relation skills (percentage) in addition to the cost of
 Marketing skills making the product.
 Reliable suppliers
 Brand reputation
 Attractive price range
 We match popular trends
 Strong management team
 Friendly staff
 Limited competitors

o WEAKNESSES
 Limited or less exposure to wider market
 Inefficiency of some members
 In need of more mentoring and guidance
o OPPORTUNITIES
 Demand of our target market
 Changing preference of our target market
 Social media can be used for great exposure
Organizational chart
 a diagram showing graphically the relation
of one official to another, or others, of a
company. It is also used to show the relation
of ne department to another, or others, or of
one function of an organization to another or
others.
 IMPORTANCE: helps us to build and
design the organization structure to meet the
business’ objectives. It can guide employees
to know their rights and responsibilities. It
helps in dividing the functions of a
company, enterprise, or department.
  Dapat maingat sa opportunities na igagrab,
industry and environmental dapat suitable
analysis: opportunity o Rapid market growth
o Rival firms
identification o Changing customers’ needs and wants
SWOT ANALYSIS o New uses of products discover
(innovation)
 A technique that enables a group or individual
to move from everyday problems and traditional o THREATS
strategies to a fresh perspective.  External elements in the environment that could
 SWOT analysis looks at your strengths and cause trouble for the business
weaknesses and opportunities and threats your o Entry of foreign competitors
business faces. o Intro of new substitute product
o Changing of customers’ needs and wants
o Rival firms adopts new strategies
o ALBERT HUMPREY
 Gumawa ng SWOT analysis na unang ginamit
sa isang research para sa data gathering sa
DO’s
Standford University noong 1960’s to 1970’s
 Para sa organizing ansd using data and info  Be analytical and specific
 Record all thoughts and ideas
 Be selective in the final evaluation
o STRENGTH  Choose the right people for the exercise
 Characteristic of the business or a team that give  Choose a suitable SWOT leader
it an advantage over others in the industry  Think out of the box
o Positive tangible and intangible  Be open to change
attributes
o Abundant financial resources
o Well-known brand name DON’Ts
o Superior management talent  Try to disguise weakness
o Better marketing skills  Merely list errors and mistakes
 Lose sight of external influences and trends
 Allow the SWOT to become a blame-laying
o WEAKNESS exercise
 Characteristics that place the firm at a  Ignore the outcome at later stages of the
disadvantage relative to others planning process.
o Limited financial resources
o Weak spending
o Very narrow product line
o Out of date products
o Poor marketing skills
o Undertrained employees
o OPPORTUNITY
 Chances to make greater profits in the
environment-external attractive factors that
represent the reason for an organization to exist
and develop.