op‐up 

tus 

ED
ta

t
YELLOW L

Alarm Lis
Display P
Display s

Symbols

RED LED
Buzzer
Feature Feature Name Description Comment
F_202 Warning light,
Clogged Air Filter warning X X X X
air cleaner
F_204 Warning light,
clogged
X X X X
hydraulic fluid
filter Clogged Hydraulic Filter warning
F_205 Warning light,
engine oil X X X X
pressure Diesel engine low oil pressure  warning
F_206 Warning light,
engine oil X X X X X
temperature High diesel engine temperature Warning based on coolant temperature
F_207 Warning light,
hydraulic fluid X X X X X
temperature High hydraulic fluid temperature warning
F_208 Warning light,
No charging X X X X
low charge
F_209 Warning light,
Low fuel level warning X X X X Yellow led for 2 min
low fuel level
‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Diesel engine stop lamp X X X X
‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Diesel engine warning lamp X X X
Red and buzzer or yellow depending on severity from diesel 
X X (X) (X) (X) X
‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Low coolant level engine
Red and buzzer or yellow depending on severity from diesel 
X X (X) (X) (X) X
‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Water in fuel warning engine
‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Dynapac SubSystem warning (DSS) X X
Dynapac SubSystem in the display
DSS code Description Note:
1 Speedsensor front Option
2 Speedsensor rear
3 Inclination sensor Option
4 DCM Option
5 IO‐Card
6 Cooling fan speed sensor
Option, supervision only active if Ajustable 
7 Vibration frequency meter frequency or ECO available
8 Power group 1
9 Power group 2
10 Power group 3
11 Power group 4
 Failure Mode Identifier (FMI) Usage and Definitions
The Failure Mode Identifiers (FMI’s) are used with Fault Codes to
provide more information onwhy a circuit or subsystem is faulting.
The combined Fault Code/FMI is called a DiagnosticTrouble Code
or DTC. FMI definitions is standard for J1939 and not yet edited for Dynapac (if neccessary at all)
DFC =FMI Description Definitions
Data Valid but above Normal Operating Range (most severe)
The signal communicating information is within a defined acceptable and valid range, but thereal
world condition is above what would be considered normal as determined by thepredefined most
severe level limits for that particular measure of the real world condition.Broadcast of data values
is continued as normal. Every electronic control system sets a highlimit for the “expected”
operating range of the signal. The limit includes “over range”signals such as high converter
temperatures. For example for a sensor, an FMI 00 would bestored if the sensed value was within
the measuring capabilities of the sensor, but the sensedvalue is above the expected limit for the
application. This is not to be used for “opencircuit!” This is to be used for things like overheating,
00 overpressure, and so forth. (Region'e' of the signal range definition).
Data Valid But Below Normal Operating Range (most severe)
The signal communicating information is within a defined acceptable and valid range, but thereal
world condition is below what would be considered normal as determined by thepredefined least
severe level limits for that particular measure of the real world condition.Broadcast of data values
is continued as normal. Every electronic control system sets a lowlimit for the “expected” operating
range of the signal. The limit includes “under range”signals such as a low engine oil pressure
signal from a working sensor. For example for asensor, an FMI 01 would be stored if the sensed
value was within the measuring capabilitiesof the sensor, but the sensed value is below the
expected limit for the application. This is notto be used for short circuit! This is used for things like
01 low oil pressure and the sort. (Region'd' of signal range definition).
Data Erratic, Intermittent or Incorrect Erratic or intermittent data includes all measurements that change at a rate that is notconsidered
possible in the real world condition and must be caused by improper operation of the measuring
device or its connection to the module. Signal data from a component ispresent, at least
intermittently. The signal is either unstable or invalid as recognized by thecontrol doing
diagnostics. Data can be correct sometimes and not at other times. This isdifferent from FMI 10.
FMI 2 is used for situations where the rate of change is not physicallypossible. FMI 10 is used for
situations where the rate of change is physically possible, butoutside the predefined limits of a
properly functioning system. FMI 2 is also used for datathat is invalid, such as an invalid state of a
02 parity switch.
Voltage Above Normal The voltage identified is higher than expected from the component or system that the FaultCode
identifies. FMI 03 relates to a signal circuit. In general, this FMI refers to the input butit can be
used for any circuit that is using voltage on the ECU pin to detect faults. A voltagesignal, data or
otherwise, is above the predefined limits that bound the range. (Region 'g' of the signal range
03 definition).
 Voltage Below Normal Reference FMI 03 except voltage is lower than expected. In general, this FMI refers to theinput
circuit but it can be used for any circuit that is using voltage on the ECU pin to detectfaults. A
voltage signal, data or otherwise, is below the predefined limits that bound therange. (Region 'f' of
04 the signal range definition).
Current Below Normal The control detects that the current in the monitored circuit described by the Fault Code isless
than expected and usually results from an open circuit. Generally, FMI 05 is related to acontrol
output driver circuit. A current signal, data or otherwise, is below the predefinedlimits that bound
05 the range. (Region 'f' of the signal range definition).
Current Above Normal The same as FMI 05 except current is higher than expected. For example, when a circuit isshorted
to ground causing excessive current. In general, this FMI refers to the output. Acurrent signal, data
or otherwise, is above the predefined limits that bound the range. (Region'g' of the signal range
06 definition).
Mechanical System Not Responding Properly
Any fault that is detected as the result of an improper response or action of a mechanicalsystem.
This type of fault may or may not be directly associated with the value of generalbroadcast
information. When an electronic control sends an electrical command or output toa mechanical
system and the result is not as expected, as evidenced by some other means(sensor). This FMI
should be applied to the output driver circuit and not the sensor. Anexample would be HEUI rail
pressure control. There is an output from the ECU that controlsrail pressure. There is a pressure
sensor that measures the rail pressure. If the desired railpressure is 10Mpa, and the current is
sent to the pump control to develop that pressure, butthe sensor reads only 2Mpa and will not rise,
then FMI 07 is the proper FMI to apply. TheFault Code should be for the oil pressure control circuit
and not the pressure sensor. This isnot to be confused with an FMI 00 or 01 where it is just the
measured signal that is out of range. In the FMI 07 case, it is the response of the system as
07 measured by a feedback devicethat is incorrect.
Abnormal Frequency, Pulse Width or Period
When the signal frequency, or width of a given signal pulse, is not in the expected range.This can
also be related to a faulty or open sensor output circuit. To be considered in cases of FMI 4 and 5.
Any frequency or PWM signal that is outside the predefined limits which boundthe signal range for
frequency or duty cycle (outside Region 'b' of the signal definition). Alsoif the signal is an ECU
08 output, any signal whose frequency or duty cycle is not consistent withthe signal which is emitted.
Abnormal Update Rate Related to communication between electronic controls on a data link. FMI 09 occurs when agiven
control is not able to get any information from another when the data is required orexpected. Any
failure that is detected when receipt of data via the data link or as input from asmart actuator or
smart sensor is not at the update rate expected or required by the ECU. Alsoany error that causes
the ECU not to send information at the rate required by the system. Thistype of fault may or may
not be directly associated with the value of general broadcastinformation. (outside Region 'c' of the
09 signal range definition).
 Abnormal Rate of Change
is outside of the expected maximum or minimum value. Any data, exclusive of the abnormalities
covered by FMI 2, that is considered valid but whose data is changing at arate that is outside the
predefined limits that bound the rate of change for a properlyfunctioning system. Broadcast of data
values is continued as normal. (outside Region 'c' of the signal range definition). This is different
from FMI 2. FMI 2 is used for situations wherethe rate of change is not physically possible. FMI 10
is used for situations where the rate of change is physically possible, but outside the predefined
10 limits of a properly functioningsystem.
Failure Mode Not Identifiable Relates to a signal where there are unique failure modes that do not fit any other FMI. ThisFMI
must be avoided if another FMI is appropriate. Troubleshooting documentation mustclearly explain
11 what situation(s) cause this FMI to be raised.
Bad Device or Component
Inconsistency of data indicates that a device with some internal intelligence, such as acontroller,
module, smart sensor or smart actuator, is not properly functioning. This data maybe internal to a
module or external from a data link message or from various systemresponses. This error is to
12 include all internal controller trouble codes that cannot be caused
Out of calibration A failure that can be identified to be the result of not being properly calibrated. This failuremode
13 does not relate to the signal range definition, as do many of the FMI’s.
Special Instruction
This FMI is to be used where a special procedure or more detailed information is required
tounderstand it. In many cases, it is not really a failure that occurred but rather a situation
thatneeds to be logged to give the service person information. This must be supported bydetailed
information in the troubleshooting guide. The goal is to refer the service personnelto the
manufacturer's troubleshooting manual for more information on the particulardiagnostic code. This
FMI does not relate to the signal range definition, as do many of theFMI’s. This type of fault may or
may not be directly associated with the value of generalbroadcast information. Example – Rated
engine power special instruction (ATA/J1939).This is a normal derate that occurs when coolant
temperature exceeds 103C (a normal butsomewhat high temperature). The code is logged so the
14 service person knows why theengine lost power so he does not try to fix it.
Data Valid but above Normal Operating Range (least severe)
The signal communicating information is within a defined acceptable and valid range, but thereal
world condition is above what would be considered normal as determined by thepredefined most
severe level limits for that particular measure of the real world condition.Broadcast of data values
is continued as normal. Every electronic control system sets a highlimit for the “expected”
operating range of the signal. The limit includes “over range”signals such as high converter
temperatures. For example for a sensor, an FMI 15 would bestored if the sensed value was within
the measuring capabilities of the sensor, but the sensedvalue is above the expected limit for the
application. This is not to be used for “opencircuit!” This is to be used for things like overheating,
15 overpressure, and so forth. (Region iof the signal range definition).
 Data Valid but above Normal Operating Range (moderateseverity)
The signal communicating information is within a defined acceptable and valid range, but thereal
world condition is above what would be considered normal as determined by thepredefined most
severe level limits for that particular measure of the real world condition.Broadcast of data values
is continued as normal. Every electronic control system sets a highlimit for the “expected”
operating range of the signal. The limit includes “over range”signals such as high converter
temperatures. For example for a sensor, an FMI 16 would bestored if the sensed value was within
the measuring capabilities of the sensor, but the sensedvalue is above the expected limit for the
application. This is not to be used for “opencircuit!” This is to be used for things like overheating,
16 overpressure, and so forth. (Region k of the signal range definition).
Data Valid But Below Normal Operating Range (least severe)
The signal communicating information is within a defined acceptable and valid range, but thereal
world condition is below what would be considered normal as determined by thepredefined least
severe level limits for that particular measure of the real world condition.Broadcast of data values
is continued as normal. Every electronic control system sets a lowlimit for the “expected” operating
range of the signal. The limit includes “under range”signals such as a low engine oil pressure
signal from a working sensor. For example for asensor, an FMI 17 would be stored if the sensed
value was within the measuring capabilitiesof the sensor, but the sensed value is below the
expected limit for the application. This is notto be used for short circuit! This is used for things like
17 low oil pressure and the sort. (Regionh of signal range definition).
Data Valid But Below Normal Operating Range (moderateseverity)
The signal communicating information is within a defined acceptable and valid range, but thereal
world condition is below what would be considered normal as determined by thepredefined least
severe level limits for that particular measure of the real world condition.Broadcast of data values
is continued as normal. Every electronic control system sets a lowlimit for the “expected” operating
range of the signal. The limit includes “under range”signals such as a low engine oil pressure
signal from a working sensor. For example for asensor, an FMI 01 would be stored if the sensed
value was within the measuring capabilitiesof the sensor, but the sensed value is below the
expected limit for the application. This is notto be used for short circuit! This is used for things like
18 low oil pressure and the sort. (Region j of signal range definition).
Received Network Data In Error
Any failure that is detected when the data received via the network is found substituted withthe
“error indicator” value (i.e. FE16, see J1939-71) or DSI for CDL. This type of failure isassociated
with received network data. The component used to measure the real world signalis wired directly
to the module sourcing the data to the network and not to the modulereceiving the data via the
19 network. This FMI is applicable to Regions f and g of the signalrange definition.
  Data Drifted High
The J1939 Subcommittee has defined FMI 20 and FMI 21 as 'Data Drifted High' and 'DataDrifted
Low', respectively. These new FMIs (Failure Mode Indicators) complement FMI 2for ' Data Erratic,
Intermittent or Incorrect'. The new FMIs are established to communicatethe parameter information
is within a defined acceptable and valid range but the real worldcondition is above/below what
would be considered normal when compared to othermeasurements. This may include sensor
drifts, measurements that do not seem possible whencompared with other data, measurements
that change at a rate that is not considered possiblein the real world or whose values themselves
do not seem possible in the real world. FMI 2should be used by applications that do not distinguish
20 the high and low data conditionsseparately.