DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION

Important points 2.Disorders of Digestive System

1. Absorption of digested food (a)The inflammation of intestinal tract due

2. Disorders of digestive system
1.Absorption of Digested Food
Absorption is the process by which nutrients
pass from alimentary canal into the blood and
lymph through its mucous membrane.
Absorption is carried out by passive(eg.Glucose,
Amino acid, Chloride ion) , Fascilitated
(eg.Fructose) or active (eg.Glucose, Amino acid,
Sodium ion)
About 90% of absorption occurs in small
intestine and rest 10% in stomach, mouth and
large intestine.
Fatty acid and glycerol being insoluble, cannot be
absorbed into the blood. First it changes into small
droplets called micelles by the action of bile .They
are reformed into very small protein coated fat
globule called chylomicrons which are transported
into the lacteals of the villi and then it is released
into the blood.
Absorption in different part of alimentary
canal
to bacterial and viral infection is most
common .Infection is also caused by
tapeworm, round worm and threadworm and
pin worms.
(b). Jaundice – It is a disease of liver, In
jaundice the skin and the eyes turn yellow
due to large quantities of bilirubin pigments
in the extra cellular fluid.
(c). Vomiting – It is the ejection of
stomach content through the mouth. This
reflex action is controlled by the vomiting
centre in the medulla.
(d). Diarrhoea – frequent defecation of
liquid faeces is known as Diarrhoea. It
reduces the absorption of food.
( e). Constipation – in constipation the
faeces are retained within the rectum as the
bowel movements occur irregularly.
(f). Indigestion – Incomplete
digestion(food is not properly
digested)leading to feeling of fullness.

Mouth Certain drugs

coming in contact
with the mucosa of
mouth and lower
side or tongue are
absorbed into the
blood capillaries
lining them.
Stomach Absorption of water,
simple sugar and
alcohol
Small Intestine Glucose, fructose,
fatty acids, glycerol
and amino acids are
absorbed through
the mucosa into the
blood stream and
lymph.
Large Intestine Absorption of water,
some minerals and
drug