BIOLOGY

Tricks Organisms and Populations ncert master course

 Trick for ecological hierarchy-

India & - Individual/Organism

Pakistan mei se - Population

Caun - Community

Easily - Ecosystem

Largely - Landscape

Bangladesh ko - Biome

Beat karega - Biosphere

 Trick for Biome Distribution

Basis = annual temperature and precipitation

Desi Girls Tempts Toppers by

(Desert) (Grassland) (Temperate (Tropical)

Cholcolate

(Coniferous)

Treats

(Tundra)

 Major biomes on earth –

 Basis= mean annual temperature & precipitation

( rainfall + snowfall)

1. Aquatic – Costal areas

2. Terrestial – DiGiTal-4
a) Deserts
b) Grasslands
c) Tropical forest
d) Temperate forest
e) Taiga forest ( Coniferous)
f) Tundra

Head Office : Plot No. 46, In front of Skyline Apartments, Corner Building, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) Pin Code : 324005
 BIOLOGY

Trick for Responses to Abiotic Factors

Sussane - Suspend

ReCognise - Regulate , Conform

Mira - Migrate

 2011 Census India

 Sex ratio 940 females per 1000 males

 Highest in Kerala 1084 females/1000 males

 Lowest in Haryana 879 females per 1000 males

 2nd lowest in Rajasthan : 928 females per 1000 males

(a) Triangular age pyramid : In this type of age pyramids, population is growing in which the
number of pre-reproductive individuals is very large as compared to the reproductive
individuals and post-reproductive individuals

 Reflect Growing / Expanding population

 Eg – India , Pakistan , Bangladesh

(b) Bell shaped age pyramid :

Pre-reproductive and reproductive individuals are almost equal in number and the I
ndividuals of post-reproductive age are fewer. Thus population is stable

 Reflect Stable / Mature population

 Eg – Germany

(c) Urn shaped age pyramids : Population of Reproductive age group is more than pre
reproductive age group. Number of post-reproductive individuals is also sizeable. Thus
population shows negative growth.

 Reflect Declining population

 Eg – Japan

Head Office : Plot No. 46, In front of Skyline Apartments, Corner Building, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) Pin Code : 324005
 BIOLOGY

GROWTH MODELS

This reflects pattern of population growth

 Nature’s Carrying capacity (K) for a species in a habitat –

It is the maximum number of individuals of a population which can be provided with optimum
resources for survival

 Biotic potential / Reproductive potential / Intrinsic rate of natural increase (r) –

 It is the maximum reproductive potential of organism or per capita increase in population

size

 r can be maximally realized when ideal conditions occur i.e. birth rate (b) is maximum and
death rate (d) is minimum (not total number but per capita births/deaths)

 r = b-d

 r of human female

 Reproductive life = 40 years ( 54 -14 years age)

 40 X 12 months = 53 (approx. 50 )

 9

 Environmental resistance –

 The sum total of all environmental factors ( biotic and abiotic ) which limits population size.

KN

K

PREDATION

 It is the act of capturing , killing and eating

 Predator – the one which predates

 Prey – the one which is eaten

Head Office : Plot No. 46, In front of Skyline Apartments, Corner Building, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) Pin Code : 324005
 BIOLOGY

 Hyperparasitism – the parasite which live on/inside the body of another parasite

Host Parasite Hyperparasite

1.Human Rat flea Bacteria

(Xenopsylla cheopis) (Yersinia pestis)

2.Human E.coli Bacteriophage virus

 Some embryo in uterus of mother may be considered a parasite , if causing harm to mother
(usually not considered a parasite)

Proto-cooperation (+,+)

 Also called Facultative (Non-obligatory) mutualism

 Both living organisms of different species are mutually benefitted but they can
independently survive without each other

(1) Red and Yellow blilled Ox pecker (birds , feeds on ticks and leeches on body of rhino) on
body of Black rhinoceros (freed of parasite)

(2) Sea anemone (left over food and transportation) and Hermit crab (protection due to
tentacles)

(3) Plover bird (feed on leech in crocodile mouth) in Crocodile mouth (freed of parasite)

Trick for Proto-cooperation –

O Rhea - Ox pecker and Rhinoceros

See Her - Sea anemone and Hermit crab

Cool Pulovers - Plover bird and Crocodile

Trick for Mutualism –

FORM - Fig/wasp , Orchid/bee ,Rhizobium/Leguminous , Mycorrhiza

Loving and - Lichens

Tender - Trichonympha/Termite

Friends - Frankia/Non-leguminous

Head Office : Plot No. 46, In front of Skyline Apartments, Corner Building, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) Pin Code : 324005