A

MINI PROJECT - 2
ON
BMW
SUBMITTED TO
DR. A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
LUCKNOW

SUPERVISED BY Submitted by
MS. NEHAL JAIN SHIVANSH
(ASSTT. Professor) MBA-2ND sem

Project Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the Degree of

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
By
DISHA BHARTI COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT & EDUCATION
SAHARANPUR
(2020-2021)

1
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this Mini Project - 2 titled Bayerische Motoren Werke AG

(BMW) Submitted by me to the Department of Business Management, Disha Bharti

college of Education and Management is a bonafide work undertaken by me and it

is not submitted to any other University or Institution for the award of any degree

diploma/certificate or published any time before.

Name of Student

Shivansh

MBA-2ND sem

2
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Every piece of work has some invisible helping hands with their invaluable support
and inspiration. For the completion of the project report many person directly and
indirectly assisted me.

The successful completion of a market survey project report requires guidance and
help from a number of people. I was fortunate to have all the support from my
teachers. I therefore take this opportunity to express my profound sense of gratitude
to all those who extended their whole hearted help and supported me in completing
the project report on.

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 CONTENTS

INTRDUCTION…………………………………………………………………5 -8
HISTORY………………………………………………………………………..9 - 11
BRANDING……………………………………………………………………..12 -16
FINANCES……………………………………………………………………....17
MOTORCYCLE…………………………………………………………………18 – 20
AUTMOBILES…………………………………………………………………..21 – 39
MOTOSPORT……………………………………………………………………40 - 41
ARCHITECTUR…………………………………………………………………42- 49
RECALLS………………………………………………………………………..50
INDUSTRY COLLABRATION………………………………………………….51
SPONSORSHIPS…………………………………………………………………52
ENVIRONMENTAL RECORD………………………………………………….53 – 54
CAR - SHARING SERVICES……………………………………………………55
OVERSEAS SUBSIDIARIES…………………………………………………….56 – 60
BMW Motorrad……………………………………………………………………61
CURRENT PRODUCTION……………………………………………………….62– 63
SALES……………………………………………………………………………..64
MOTORSPORTS………………………………………………………………….65 – 66
ENGINE TYPES…………………………………………………………………..67 – 73
MODEL DESIGNATION…………………………………………………………74 – 76
TECHNOLOGIES…………………………………………………………………77 – 82
LIST D BMW CNCEPTVEHICLES………………………………………………83 –94
FUTURE UP COMING BIKE VISION NEXT 100...……………………………..95 – 98
FUTURE UP COMING CAR………………………………………………………99 – 111
OBJECTIVE OF BMW……………………………………………………………112 - 113
BIBLIOGRAPHY....……………………………………………………………….114

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 INTRDUCTION

Bayerische Motoren Werke AG, commonly referred to as BMW (German

pronunciation), is a German multinational corporation which produces luxury
vehicles and motorcycles. The company was founded in 1916 as a
manufacturer of aircraft engines, which it produced from 1917 until 1918 and
again from 1933 to 1945.

Automobiles are marketed under the brands BMW, Mini and Rolls-Royce,
and motorcycles are marketed under the brand BMW Motorrad. In 2017,
BMW was the world's fourteenth-largest producer of motor vehicles, with
2,279,503 vehicles produced. The company has significant motorsport
history, especially in touring cars, Formula 1, sports cars and the Isle of Man
TT.

BMW is headquartered in Munich and produces motor vehicles in Germany,

Brazil, China, India, South Africa, the United Kingdom, the United States and
Mexico. The Quandt family is a long-term shareholder of the company (with
the remaining shares owned by public float), following
brothers Herbert and Harald Quandt's investments in 1959 which saved the
company from bankruptcy

5
 Bayerische Motoren Werke AG

Logo since 1997

BMW's headquarters in Munich, Germany

6
 Type Public (Aktiengesellschaft)

Traded as FWB: BMW

DAX Component

Industry Automotive

Predecessors Rapp Motorenwerke

Bayerische
Flugzeugwerke
Fahrzeugfabrik Eisenach

Founded 7 March 1916; 105 years

ago

Founders  Camillo Castiglioni

 Franz Josef Popp
 Karl Rapp

Headquarters Munich
,
Germany
Area served Worldwide
Key people Oliver Zipse, Chairman of
the Board of Management
Norbert
Reithofer, Chairman of the
Supervisory Board
Products  Cars
 motorcycles
Production  2,255,637 cars (2020)
output  168,104 motorcycles
(2020)[1]

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 Brands  Automobiles
 BMW
 BMW i
 BMW M
 Mini
 Rolls-Royce
 Motorcycles
 BMW Motorrad

Revenue €98.990 billion (2020)[1]

Operating €5.222 billion (2020)[1]
income
Net income €3.857 billion (2020)[1]
Total assets €216.658 billion (2020)[1]
Total equity €61.520 billion (2020)[1]
Owners Public float (50%);
Stefan Quandt (29%),
Susanne Klatten (21%)
Number of 133,778 (2019)[2]
employees
Website bmwgroup.com

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 HISTORY

Bayerische Flugzeugwerke AG was formed in 1916. This company was

renamed to Bayerische Motoren Werke (BMW) in 1922. However the name
BMW dates back to 1913, when the original company to use the name was
founded by Karl Rapp (initially as Rapp Motorenwerke GmbH). BMW's first
product was a straight-six aircraft engine called the BMW IIIa, designed in
the spring of 1917 by engineer Max Friz. Following the end of World War I,
BMW remained in business by producing motorcycle engines, farm
equipment, household items and railway brakes. The company produced its
first motorcycle, the BMW R 32 in 1923.

BMW became an automobile manufacturer in 1928 when it

purchased Fahrzeugfabrik Eisenach, which, at the time, built Austin
Sevens under licence under the Dixi marque. The first car sold as a BMW
was a rebadged Dixi called the BMW 3/15, following BMW's acquisition of
the car manufacturer Automobilwerk Eisenach. Throughout the 1930s, BMW
expanded its range into sports cars and larger luxury cars.

Aircraft engines, motorcycles, and automobiles would be BMW's main

products until World War II. During the war, against the wishes of its
director Franz Josef Popp, BMW concentrated on aircraft engine
production using forced labor consisting primarily of prisoners
from concentration camps, with motorcycles as a side line and automobile
manufacture ceased altogether. BMW's factories were heavily bombed
during the war and its remaining West German facilities were banned from
producing motor vehicles or aircraft after the war. Again, the company
survived by making pots, pans, and bicycles. In 1948, BMW restarted

9
motorcycle production. BMW resumed car production in Bavaria in 1952 with
the BMW 501 luxury saloon. The range of cars was expanded in 1955,
through the production of the cheaper Isetta microcar under licence. Slow
sales of luxury cars and small profit margins from microcars meant BMW
was in serious financial trouble and in 1959 the company was nearly taken
over by rival Daimler-Benz. A large investment in BMW by Herbert Quandt
and Harald Quandt resulted in the company surviving as a separate entity.
The BMW 700 was successful and assisted in the company's recovery.

The 1962 introduction of the BMW New Class compact sedans was the
beginning of BMW's reputation as a leading manufacturer of sport-oriented
cars. Throughout the 1960s, BMW expanded its range by adding coupe and
luxury sedan models. The BMW 5 Series mid-size sedan range was
introduced in 1972, followed by the BMW 3 Series compact sedans in 1975,
the BMW 6 Series luxury coupes in 1976 and the BMW 7 Series large luxury
sedans in 1978.

The BMW M division released its first road car, a mid-engine supercar, in
1978. This was followed by the BMW M5 in 1984 and the BMW M3 in 1986.
Also in 1986, BMW introduced its first V12 engine in the 750i luxury sedan.

The company purchased the Rover Group in 1994, however the takeover
was not successful and was causing BMW large financial losses. In 2000,
BMW sold off most of the Rover brands, retaining only the Mini brand.

In 1998, BMW also acquired the rights to the Rolls Royce brand from Vickers
Plc.

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The 1995 BMW Z3 expanded the line-up to include a mass-production two-
seat roadster and the 1999 BMW X5 was the company's entry into the SUV
market.

The first modern mass-produced turbocharged petrol engine was introduced

in 2006, (from 1973 to 1975, BMW built 1672 units of a turbocharged M10
engine for the BMW 2002 turbo), with most engines switching over to
turbocharging over the 2010s. The first hybrid BMW was the 2010 BMW
ActiveHybrid 7, and BMW's first mass-production electric car was the BMW
i3 city car, which was released in 2013, (from 1968 to 1972, BMW built two
battery-electric BMW 1602 Elektro saloons for the 1972 Olympic
Games). After many years of establishing a reputation for sporting rear-
wheel drive cars, BMW's first front-wheel drive car was the 2014 BMW 2
Series Active Tourer multi-purpose vehicle (MPV).

In January 2021, BMW announced that its sales in 2020 fell by 8.4% due to
the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and the restrictions. However, in the
fourth quarter of 2020, BMW witnessed a rise of 3.2% of its customers'
demands.

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 BRANDING

Company name

The name BMW is an abbreviation for Bayerische Motoren Werke (German

pronunciation). This name is grammatically incorrect (in German, compound
words must not contain spaces), which is why the name's grammatically
correct form Bayerische Motorenwerke (German pronunciation) has been
used in several publications and advertisements in the past. Bayerische
Motorenwerke translates into English as Bavarian Motor Works. The suffix
AG, short for Aktiengesellschaft, signifies an incorporated entity which is
owned by shareholders, thus akin to "Inc." (US) or PLC, "Public Limited
Company" (UK).

The terms Beemer, Bimmer and Bee-em are sometimes used as slang for
BMW in the English language and are sometimes used interchangeably for
cars and motorcycles.

12
BMW badge on a 1931 Dixi

Flag of Bavaria

13
Logo

Logo used in vehicles

The above logo on a BMW car

Logo used for publicity purposes since March 2020

14
The circular blue and white BMW logo or roundel evolved from the
circular Rapp Motorenwerke company logo, which featured a black ring
bearing the company name surrounding the company logo on a plinth a
horse's head couped.

BMW retained Rapp's black ring inscribed with the company name, but
adopted as the central element a circular escutcheon bearing a quasi-
heraldic reference to the coat of arms (and flag) of the Free State of
Bavaria (as the state of their origin was named after 1918), being the arms
of the House of Wittelsbach, Dukes and Kings of Bavaria. However, as the
local law regarding trademarks forbade the use of state coats of arms or
other symbols of sovereignty on commercial logos, the design was
sufficiently differentiated to comply, but retained the tinctures azure (blue)
and argent (white).

The current iteration of the logo was introduced in 2020 removing 3D effects
that had been used in renderings of the logo, and also removing the black
outline encircling the rondel. The logo will be used on BMW's branding but
will not be used on vehicles.

The origin of the logo as a portrayal of the movement of an aircraft propeller,

the BMW logo with the white blades seeming to cut through a blue sky, is a
myth which sprang from a 1929 BMW advertisement depicting the BMW
emblem overlaid on a rotating propeller, with the quarters defined by strobe-
light effect, a promotion of an aircraft engine then being built by BMW under
15
license from Pratt & Whitney."For a long time, BMW made little effort to
correct the myth that the BMW badge is a propeller" (quote by Fred Jakobs,
Archive Director, BMW Group Classic). It is well established that this
propellor portrayal was first used in a BMW advertisement in 1929 – twelve
years after the logo was created – so this is not the true origin of the logo.

Slogan

The slogan 'The Ultimate Driving Machine' was first used in North America
in 1974. In 2010, this long-lived campaign was mostly supplanted by a
campaign intended to make the brand more approachable and to better
appeal to women, 'Joy'. By 2012 BMW had returned to 'The Ultimate Driving
Machine'.

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 FINANCES

For the fiscal year 2017, BMW reported earnings of EUR 8.620 billion, with
an annual revenue of EUR 98.678 billion, an increase of 4.8% over the
previous fiscal cycle. BMW's shares traded at over €77 per share, and its
market capitalization was valued at US 55.3 billion in November 2018.

Revenue Net income Total Assets

Year Employees
in bn. EUR€ in bn. EUR€ in bn. EUR€

2011 68.821 4.881 123.429 100,306

2012 76.848 5.096 131.850 105,876

2013 76.058 5.314 138.368 110,351

2014 80.401 5.798 154.803 116,324

2015 92.175 6.369 172.174 122,244

2016 94.163 6.863 188.535 124,729

2017 98.678 8.620 193.483 129,932

2018 97.480 7.117 208.980 134,682

2019 104.210 4.915 241.663 133,778

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 MOTORCYCLES

BMW began production of motorcycle engines and then motorcycles after

World War I. Its motorcycle brand is now known as BMW Motorrad. Their
first successful motorcycle after the failed Helios and Flink, was the "R32" in
1923, though production originally began in 1921. This had a "boxer" twin
engine, in which a cylinder projects into the air-flow from each side of the
machine. Apart from their single-cylinder models (basically to the same
pattern), all their motorcycles used this distinctive layout until the early
1980s. Many BMW's are still produced in this layout, which is designated
the R Series.

The R32 motorcycle, the first BMW motor vehicle, at the BMW Museum in Munich.

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The entire BMW Motorcycle production has, since 1969, been located at the
company's Berlin-Spandau factory.

During the Second World War, BMW produced the BMW R75 motorcycle
with a motor-driven sidecar attached, combined with a lockable differential,
this made the vehicle very capable off-road.

In 1982, came the K Series, shaft drive but water-cooled and with either three
or four cylinders mounted in a straight line from front to back. Shortly after,
BMW also started making the chain-driven F and G series with single and
parallel twin Rotax engines.

In the early 1990s, BMW updated the airhead Boxer engine which became
known as the oilhead. In 2002, the oilhead engine had two spark plugs per
cylinder. In 2004 it added a built-in balance shaft, an increased capacity to
1170 cc and enhanced performance to 75 kW (101 hp) for the R1200GS,
compared to 63 kW (84 hp) of the previous R1150GS. More powerful
variants of the oilhead engines are available in the R1100S and R1200S,
producing 73 and 91 kW (98 and 122 hp), respectively.

In 2004, BMW introduced the new K1200S Sports Bike which marked a
departure for BMW. It had an engine producing 125 kW (168 hp), derived
from the company's work with the Williams F1 team, and is lighter than
previous K models. Innovations include electronically adjustable front and
rear suspension, and a Hossack-type front fork that BMW calls Duolever.

BMW introduced anti-lock brakes on production motorcycles starting in the

late 1980s. The generation of anti-lock brakes available on the 2006 and
later BMW motorcycles paved the way for the introduction of electronic
stability control, or anti-skid technology later in the 2007 model year.

19
BMW has been an innovator in motorcycle suspension design, taking up
telescopic front suspension long before most other manufacturers. Then they
switched to an Earles fork, front suspension by swinging fork (1955 to 1969).
Most modern BMWs are truly rear swingarm, single sided at the back
(compare with the regular swinging fork usually, and wrongly,
called swinging arm). Some BMWs started using yet another trademark front
suspension design, the Telelever, in the early 1990s. Like the Earles fork,
the Telelever significantly reduces dive under braking.

BMW Group, on 31 January 2013, announced that Pierer Industrie AG has

bought Husqvarna Motorcycles for an undisclosed amount, which will not be
revealed by either party in the future. The company is headed by Stephan
Pierer (CEO of KTM). Pierer Industrie AG is 51% owner of KTM and 100%
owner of Husqvarna.

In September 2018, BMW unveiled a new self-driving motorcycle with BMW

Motorrad with a goal of using the technology to help improve road safety. The
design of the bike was inspired by the company's BMW R1200 GS model.

The 2015 BMW R1200RT

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 AUTOMOBILES

BMW 19’S CARS

BMW

Despite the jokes about drivers taking up multiple parking spaces and how
much hair gel they use, it's hard to think of a brand that built more
respectable performance cars through the 1980s and 1990s than BMW did.
Its cars really were the ultimate driving machines.

Unfortunately, after production of models introduced in the late 1990s ended

in the early 2000s, the newer models never quite managed to recapture the
magic that BMW had been known for only a few years earlier. The 1M Coupe
was a reminder of greatness, but these 10 cars are reminders that BMW
peaked in the 1990s.

1. E26 M1

BMW

The M1 is still considered the greatest BMW ever made by many. Designed
by Giugiaro, it was originally developed in collaboration with Lamborghini
but after the agreement fell apart, BMW decided to do the whole thing itself.
The result was a supercar that quickly became a legend.

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2. E24 M6

BMW

The E24 6-Series had style, but faster is always better, so BMW took a
modified version of the engine it used in the M1 and dropped it into the E24.
That made it fast back then, and even today, it's still fairly quick. The best
part is, a sharknose M6 still turns heads, even 30 years later.

3. E28 M5

BMW

As great as the M1 and the M6 were, the fact that they had two doors forced
their owners to make compromises in the practicality department. BMW
solved that problem by giving the E28 5 Series the full M treatment as well.
The resulting car was the fastest production sedan in the world.

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4. E30 M3

BMW

With the M division on a roll, BMW couldn't let the 3-Series escape the M
treatment. The regular E30 was already a serious driver's car, and even
today, it's the car of choice for autocrossers and LeMons racers who don't
drive Miatas. In M3 guise, it's one of the greatest driver's cars of all time.

5. E38 750i

BMW

The Mercedes S-Class completely dominates the large luxury sedan segment
these days, but in the 1990s, the BMW 7-Series was much more competitive.
Its design was timeless, and if you wanted serious luxury, you bought the
750i in all of its V12 glory. It was also so much more desirable than its
replacement that sales ticked up towards the end of its run.
23
6. E31 850CSi

BMW

The BMW 8-Series picked up where the 6 Series left off and added both more
power and more luxury. An excellent V8 was available, but the 8 Series could
also be had with a V12 paired with a six speed manual transmission. The most
desirable version, though, was the 850 CSi. Its V12 made 375 horsepower,
was only available with a manual, and was probably the best luxury grand
tourer you could buy in the 1990s.

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7. E39 540i Touring

BMW

The E39 540i is constantly overshadowed by its big brother, the M5, but its
4.4 liter V8 still made it a serious performer. Its abundance of low end torque
made it an amazing daily driver, but the best part was that it was available as
a station wagon, even in the U.S. At the time, it was the ultimate combination
of performance and practicality.

8. E36/8 Z3M Coupe

BMW

BMW was on such a roll as it headed into the new millennium that when it
decided to build a hardtop version of the Z3 roadster, it chose a design from
way out in left field – a shooting brake. The M version, the Z3M Coupe, was
powerful, sporty, practical, and distinctive in a way we haven't seen since.
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9. E52 Z8

BMW

Just look at the Z8. Take a minute, sit back, and look at it. It's gorgeous. It's
amazing. It's also the last truly great car BMW ever made. The BMW Z8 is
also one of the few cars in the past 20 years that's appreciated significantly.
Clean, desirable examples are selling for more than double what they
originally cost, and even the cheapest versions aren't going for much less
than $200,000.

10. E39 M5

BMW

The E39 540i was an excellent gentleman's sporting sedan – and

wagon – that could easily beat a Mustang GT in a drag race, but no matter
how fun that might have been, it was still too buttoned down. In M guise,
though, there's nothing buttoned down about the E39. It's a 400 horsepower
beast that can still out-track a lot of new cars.
26
Current models

See also: List of BMW vehicles, Mini (marque), and Rolls-Royce Motor Cars

The current model lines of BMW cars are:

 1 Series five-door hatchbacks (model code F40). A four-door sedan

variant (model code F52) is also sold in China and Mexico.
 2 Series two-door coupes (model code F22) and convertibles (F23),
"Active Tourer" five-seat MPVs (F45) and "Gran Tourer" seven-seat
MPVs (F46), and four-door "Gran Coupe" fastback (model code F44).
 3 Series four-door sedans (model code G20) and five-door station
wagons (G21).
 4 Series two-door coupes (model code G22), two-door convertibles
(model code G23) and five-door "Gran Coupe" fastbacks (model
code G24).
 5 Series four-door sedans (model code G30) and five-door station
wagons (G31). A long-wheelbase sedan variant (G38) is also sold in
China.
 6 Series "Gran Turismo" five-door coupes (model code G32)
 7 Series four-door sedans (model code G11) and long-wheelbase four-
door sedans (model code G12).
 8 Series two-door coupes (model code G14), two-door convertibles
(G15) and "Gran Coupe" four-door fastbacks (G16).

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 

1 Series (F40)

2 Series (F44)

3 Series (G20)
28
 

4 Series (G22)

5 Series (G30)

6 Series (G32)

29
 

7 Series (G12)

8 Series (G15)

30
The current model lines of the X Series SUVs and crossovers are:

 X1 (F48)
 X2 (F39)
 X3 (G01)
 X4 (G02)
 X5 (G05)
 X6 (G06)
 X7 (G07)

X1 (F48)

X2 (F39)

31


X3 (G01)

X4 (G02)

X5 (G05)

32


X6 (G06)

X7 (G07)

33
The current model line of the Z Series two-door roadsters is the Z4 (model
code G29).

Z4 (G29)

i models
Main article: BMW i

All-electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles are sold under the BMW
i sub-brand. The current model range consists of:

 i3 five-door B-segment (supermini) hatchback, powered by an electric

motor (with optional REx petrol engine)
 i8 two-door sports coupe/roadster, powered by an electric motor and a
petrol engine (plug-in hybrid)

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

i3

i8

BMW announced the launch of two new BMW i all-electric models, the BMW
iX3 SUV by late 2020, and the BMW i4 four-door sedan in 2021.

In addition, several plug-in hybrid models built on existing platforms have

been marketed as iPerformance models. Examples include the 225xe using
a 1.5 L three-cylinder turbocharged petrol engine with an electric motor,
the 330e/530e using a 2.0 L four-cylinder engine with an electric motor, and
the 740e using a 2.0 litre turbocharged petrol engine with an electric

35
motor.[39] Also, crossover and SUV plug-in hybrid models have been
released using i technology: X1 xDrive25e, X2 xDrive25e, X3 xDrive30e,
and X5 xDrive40e.

M models
Main article: BMW M

The BMW M GmbH subsidiary (called BMW Motorsport GmbH until 1993)
has high-performance versions of various BMW models since 1978.

The recent model range consists of:

 M2 two-door coupe
 M3 four-door sedan
 M4 two-door coupe/convertible
 M5 four-door sedan
 M8 two-door coupe/convertible and four-door sedan
 X3 M five-door compact SUV
 X4 M five-door coupe-styled compact SUV
 X5 M five-door SUV
 X6 M five-door coupe-styled SUV

M2
36


M4

M5

M8

37


X3 M

X4 M

X5 M

38


X6 M

The letter "M" is also often used in the marketing of BMW's regular models,
for example the F20 M140i model, the G11 M760Li model and various
optional extras called "M Sport", "M Performance" or similar.

Naming convention for models

Main article: List of BMW vehicles § Nomenclature

39
 MOTORSPORT

BMW has a long history of motorsport activities, including:

 Touring cars, such as DTM, WTCC, ETCC and BTCC

 Formula One
 Endurance racing, such as 24 Hours Nürburgring, 24 Hours of Le
Mans, 24 Hours of Daytona and Spa 24 Hours
 Isle of Man TT
 Dakar Rally
 American Le Mans Series
 Formula BMW – a junior racing Formula category.
 Formula Two
 Formula E

2016 BMW M4 DTM

40
 

2016 BMW M6 GT3

2016 BMW S1000RR

41
 Architecture

BMW Headquarters

The global BMW Headquarters in

Munich represents the cylinder head
of a 4-cylinder engine. It was
designed by Karl Schwanzer and was
completed in 1972. The building has
become a European icon and was
declared a protected historic building
in 1999. The main tower consists of
four vertical cylinders standing next to
and across from each other. Each
cylinder is divided horizontally in its
center by a mold in the facade.
Notably, these cylinders do not stand
on the ground; they are suspended on
a central support tower.

BMW Museum is a futuristic cauldron-shaped building, which was also

designed by Karl Schwanzer and opened in 1972. The interior has a spiral
theme and the roof is a 40-metre diameter BMW logo.

BMW Welt, the company's exhibition space in Munich, was designed

by Coop Himmelb(l)au and opened in 2007. It includes a showroom and

42
lifting platforms where a customer's new car is theatrically unveiled to the
customer.

BMW Museum

BMW Welt

43
Film

In 2001 and 2002, BMW produced a series of 8 short films called The Hire,
which had plots based around BMW models being driven to extremes
by Clive Owen. The directors for The Hire included Guy Ritchie, John
Woo, John Frankenheimer and Ang Lee. In 2016, a ninth film in the series
was released.

The 2006 "BMW Performance Series" was a marketing event geared to

attract black car buyers. It consisted of seven concerts by jazz musician Mike
Phillips, and screenings of films by black filmmakers.

Visual arts

BMW was the principal sponsor of the 1998 The Art of the
Motorcycle exhibition at various Guggenheim museums, though the financial
relationship between BMW and the Guggenheim Foundation was criticised
in many quarters.

In 2012, BMW began sponsoring Independent Collectors production of

the BMW Art Guide, which is the first global guide to private and publicly
accessible collections of contemporary art worldwide. The fourth edition,
released in 2016, features 256 collections from 43 countries.

44
Production and sales

Spot welding 3 Series bodies in Leipzig, Germany

BMW produces complete automobiles in the following countries:

 Germany: Munich, Dingolfing, Regensburg and Leipzig

 Austria: Graz
 United States: Spartanburg
 Mexico: San Luis Potos
 South Africa: Rosslyn
 India: Chennai
 China: Shenyang
 Brazil: Araquari

BMW also has local assembly operation using complete knock-down (CKD)
components in Thailand, Russia, Egypt, Indonesia, Malaysia and India.

In the UK, BMW has a Mini factory near Oxford, plants in Swindon and Hams
Hall, and Rolls Royce vehicle assembly at Goodwood. In 2020, these

45
facilities were shut down for the period from March 23 to April 17 due to the
coronavirus outbreak.

The BMW group (including Mini and Rolls-Royce) produced 1,366,838

automobiles in 2006 and then 1,481,253 automobiles in 2010. BMW
Motorcycles are being produced at the company's Berlin factory, which
earlier had produced aircraft engines for Siemens.

By 2011, about 56% of BMW-brand vehicles produced are powered by petrol

engines and the remaining 44% are powered by diesel engines. Of those
petrol vehicles, about 27% are four-cylinder models and about nine percent
are eight-cylinder models. On average, 9,000 vehicles per day exit BMW
plants, and 63% are transported by rail.

Annual production since 2005, according to BMW's annual reports:

Year BMW MINI Rolls-Royce Motorcycle*

2005 1,122,308 200,119 692 92,013

2006 1,179,317 186,674 847 103,759

2007 1,302,774 237,700 1,029 104,396

2008 1,203,482 235,019 1,417 118,452

2009 1,043,829 213,670 918 93,243

46
Year BMW MINI Rolls-Royce Motorcycle*

2010 1,236,989 241,043 3,221 112,271

2011 1,440,315 294,120 3,725 110,360

2012 1,547,057 311,490 3,279 113,811

02013 1,699,835 303,177 3,354 110,127

2014 1,838,268 322,803 4,495 133,615

2015 1,933,647 342,008 3,848 151,004

2016 2,002,997 352,580 4,179 145,555

2017 2,123,947 378,486 3,308 185,682

2018 2,168,496 368,685 4,353 162,687

2019 2,205,841 352,729 5,455 187,116

Annual sales since 2005, according to BMW's annual reports:

47
Year BMW MINI Rolls-Royce Motorcycle*

2005 1,126,768 200,428 797 97,474

2006 1,185,089 188,077 805 100,064

2007 1,276,793 222,875 1,010 102,467

2008 1,202,239 232,425 1,212 115,196

2009 1,068,770 216,538 1,002 100,358

2010 1,224,280 234,175 2,711 110,113

2011 1,380,384 285,060 3,538 113,572

2012 1,540,085 301,525 3,575 117,109

2013 1,655,138 305,030 3,630 115,215**

2014 1,811,719 302,183 4,063 123,495

2015 1,905,234 338,466 3,785 136,963

48
Year BMW MINI Rolls-Royce Motorcycle*

2016 2,003,359 360,233 4,011 145,032

2017 2,088,283 371,881 3,362 164,153

2018 2,114,963 364,135 4,194 165,566

2019 2,185,793 347,474 5,100 175,162

* In 2008–2012, motorcycle productions figures include Husqvarna models.

** Excluding Husqvarna, sales volume up to 2013: 59,776 units.

49
 RECALLS

In November 2016, BMW recalled 136,000 2007–2012 model year U.S. cars
for fuel pump wiring problems possibly resulting in fuel leak and engine
stalling or restarting issues.

In 2018, BMW recalled 106,000 diesel vehicles in South Korea with a

defective exhaust gas recirculation module, which caused 39 engine fires.
The recall was then expanded to 324,000 more cars in Europe. Following
the recall in South Korea, the government banned cars which had not yet
been inspected from driving on public roads. This affected up to 25% of the
recalled cars, where the owners had been notified but the cars had not yet
been inspected. BMW is reported to have been aware since 2016 that more
than 4% of the affected cars in South Korea had experienced failures in the
EGR coolers, leading to approximately 20 owners suing the company

50
 INDUSTRY COLLABRATION

BMW has collaborated with other car manufacturers on the following

occasions:

 McLaren Automotive: BMW designed and produced the V12 engine that
powered the McLaren F1.
 Peugeot and Citroën: Joint production of four-cylinder petrol engines,
beginning in 2004.
 Daimler Benz: Joint venture to produce the hybrid drivetrain components
used in the ActiveHybrid 7. Development of automated driving
technology.
 Toyota: Three-part agreement in 2013 to jointly develop fuel
cell technology, develop a joint platform for a sports car (for the
2018 BMW Z4 (G29) and Toyota Supra) and research lithium-air
batteries.
 Audi and Mercedes: Joint purchase of Nokia's Here WeGo (formerly Here
Maps) in 2015.
 In 2018, Horizn Studios collaborated with BMW to launch special luggage
editions.

51
 SPONSORSHIPS

BMW made a six-year sponsorship deal with the United States Olympic
Committee in July 2010.

In golf, BMW has sponsored various events, including the PGA

Championship since 2007, the Italian Open form 2009–2012, the BMW
Masters in China from 2012 to 2015[84][85] and the BMW International Open in
Munich since 1989.

In rugby, BMW sponsored the South Africa national rugby union team from
2011 to 2015.

52
 ENVIRONMENTAL RECORD

BMW is a charter member of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's

(EPA) National Environmental Achievement Track, which recognizes
companies for their environmental stewardship and performance. It is also
a member of the South Carolina Environmental Excellence Program.

Since 1999, BMW has been named the world's most sustainable automotive
company every year by the Dow Jones Sustainability Index. The BMW Group
is one of three automotive companies to be featured every year in the
index. In 2001, the BMW Group committed itself to the United Nations
Environment Programme, the UN Global Compact and the Cleaner
Production Declaration. It was also the first company in the automotive
industry to appoint an environmental officer, in 1973. BMW is a member of
the World Business Council for Sustainable Development.

In 2012, BMW was the highest automotive company in the Carbon

Disclosure Project's Global 500 list, with a score of 99 out of 100. The BMW
Group was rated the most sustainable DAX 30 company by Sustainalytics in
2012.

53
To reduce vehicle emissions, BMW is improving the efficiency of existing
fossil-fuel powered models, while researching electric power, hybrid
power and hydrogen for future models.

During the first quarter of 2018, BMW sold 26,858 Electrified Vehicles (EVs,
PHEVs, & Hybrids).

54
 CAR - SHARING SERVICES

Drive Now was a joint-venture between BMW and Sixt that operated from in
Europe from 2011 until 2019. By December 2012, DriveNow operated over
1,000 vehicles, in five cities and with approximately 60,000 customers.

In 2012, the BMW-owned subsidiary Alphabet began a corporate car-sharing

service in Europe called AlphaCity.

The Reach Now car-sharing service was launched in Seattle in April

2016. Reach Now currently operates in Seattle, Portland and Brooklyn.

55
 OVERSEAS SUBSIDIARIES

Production facilities

China
Main article: BMW Brilliance

The first BMW production facility in China was opened in 2004, as a result of
a joint venture between BMW and Brilliance Auto. The plant was opened in
the Shenyang industrial area and produces 3 Series and 5 Series models for
the Chinese market. In 2012, a second factory was opened in Shenyang.

Between January and November 2014, BMW sold 415,200 vehicles in

China, through a network of over 440 BMW stores and 100 Mini stores.

Hungary

On 31 July 2018, BMW announced to build 1 billion euro car factory in

Hungary. The plant, to be built near Debrecen, will have a production
capacity of 150,000 cars a year.

Mexico

In July 2014, BMW announced it was establishing a plant in Mexico, in the

city and state of San Luis Potosi involving an investment of $1 billion. The
plant will employ 1,500 people, and produce 150,000 cars annually.

South Africa
Main article: BMW South Africa

BMWs have been assembled in South Africa since 1968 when Praetor
Monteerders' plant was opened in Rosslyn, near Pretoria. BMW initially
bought shares in the company, before fully acquiring it in 1975; in so doing,

56
the company became BMW South Africa, the first wholly owned subsidiary
of BMW to be established outside Germany. Unlike United States
manufacturers, such as Ford and GM, which divested from the country in the
1980s, BMW retained full ownership of its operations in South Africa.

Following the end of apartheid in 1994, and the lowering of import tariffs,
BMW South Africa ended local production of the 5 Series and 7 Series, in
order to concentrate on production of the 3 Series for the export market.
South African–built BMWs are now exported to right hand drive markets
including Japan, Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Indonesia,
Malaysia, Singapore, and Hong Kong, as well as Sub-Saharan Africa. Since
1997, BMW South Africa has produced vehicles in left-hand drive for export
to Taiwan, the United States and Iran, as well as South America.

Three unique models that BMW Motorsport created for the South African
market were the E23 M745i (1983), which used the M88 engine from
the BMW M1, the BMW 333i (1986), which added a six-cylinder 3.2-
litre M30 engine to the E30, and the E30 BMW 325is (1989) which was
powered by an Alpina-derived 2.7-litre engine.

BMWs with a VIN starting with "NC0" are manufactured in South Africa.

57
United States

BMW Zentrum museum in Spartanburg, South Carolina

Main article: BMW in the United States

BMW cars have been officially sold in the United States since 1956 and
manufactured in the United States since 1994. The first BMW dealership in
the United States opened in 1975. In 2016, BMW was the twelfth highest
selling brand in the United States.

The manufacturing plant in Greer, South Carolina has the highest production
of the BMW plants worldwide currently producing approximately 1,500
vehicles per day. The models produced at the Spartanburg plant are
the X3, X4, X5, X6 and X7 SUV models.

In addition to the South Carolina manufacturing facility, BMW's North

American companies include sales, marketing, design, and financial services
operations in the United States, Mexico, Canada and Latin America.

58
Complete knock-down assembly facilities

Brazil
On 9 October 2014, BMW's new complete knock-down (CKD) assembly
plant in Araquari, assembled its first car— an F30 3 Series.[121][122]
The cars assembled at Araquari are the F20 1 Series, F30 3
Series, F48 X1, F25 X3 and Mini Countryman.[123]
Egypt
Bavarian Auto Group became the importer of the BMW and Mini brands in
2003.
Since 2005, the 3 Series, 5 Series, 7 Series, X1 and X3 models sold in Egypt
are assembled from complete knock-down components at the BMW plant
in 6th of October City.
India
Main article: BMW India
BMW India was established in 2006 as a sales subsidiary with a head office
located in Gurugram.
A BMW complete knock-down assembly plant was opened in Chennai in
2007, assembling Indian-market 3 Series, 5 Series, 7 Series, X1, X3, X5,
Mini Countryman and motorcycle models. The 20 Million Euro plant aims to
produce 1,700 cars per year.
Russia
Russian-market 3 Series and 5 Series cars are assembled from complete
knock-down components in Kaliningrad beginning in 1999.
Malaysia
BMW's complete knock-down (CKD) assembly plant in Kedah. Assembled
Malaysia-market 1 Series, 3 Series, 5 Series, 7
Series, X1, X3, X4, X5, X6 and Mini Countryman since 2008.

59
Vehicle importers

Canada

BMW's first dealership in Canada, located in Ottawa, was opened in 1969.

In 1986, BMW established a head office in Canada.

BMW sold 28,149 vehicles in Canada in 2008.

Japan

BMW Japan Corp, a wholly owned subsidiary, imports and distributes BMW
vehicles in Japan.

Philippines

BMW Philippines, an owned subsidiary of San Miguel Corporation, The

Official Importer and Distributor of BMW in the Philippines.

BMW sold 920 vehicles in the Philippines in 2019.

South Korea

BMW Korea imports BMW vehicles in South Korea with more than fifty
service centers to fully accomplish to South Korean customers. Also, BMW
Korea has its own driving center in Incheon.

60
 BMW MOTORRAD

BMW Motorrad is the motorcycle brand of the German company BMW,

part of its Corporate and Brand Development division. It has produced
motorcycles since 1923, and achieved record sales for the fifth year in
succession in 2015. With a total of 136,963 vehicles sold in 2015, BMW
registered a growth of 10.9% in sales in comparison with 2014. In May
2011, the 2,000,000th motorcycle produced by BMW Motorrad was
an R1200GS.

61
 CURRENT PRODUCTION

With the exception of the G310 series (which is produced at TVS's Tamil
Nadu, India plant), all BMW Motorrad's motorcycle production takes place at
its plant in Berlin, Germany. Some engines are manufactured in Austria,
China, and Taiwan. Most of the current motorcycles in BMW Motorrad's
range were designed by David Robb, who was the company's chief designer
from 1993 to 2012 when he was replaced by Edgar Heinrich.

The most popular model is the R1200GS and its sibling R1200GS
Adventure, which sold 24,467 units – accounting for 28% of BMW's annual
production. Current production includes a variety of shaft, chain, and belt
driven models, with engines from 310 cc to 1,802 cc; and models designed
for off-road, dual-purpose, sport, and touring activities.

In 2008, BMW introduced the DOHC Boxer HP2 Sport, and entered the
serious off-road competition motorcycle market with the release of the BMW
G450X motorcycle.

BMW Motorrad motorcycles are categorized into product families, and each
family is assigned a different letter prefix. The current families are:

 C series – Maxi-scooters called Urban Mobility Vehicles by BMW

 F series – parallel-twin engines of 798 cc capacity, featuring either chain
or belt drive. Models are F650GS, F700GS,
F800GS, F800R, F800S, F800GT and F800ST. The F650GS was
powered by a single cylinder 652cc Austrian built Rotax engine.
 G series – single-cylinder engines of 449 to 652 cc capacity featuring
chain drive. Models are G450X (now discontinued), G650GS, G650
62
 Sertão, G650 Xmoto, G650 Xchallenge and G650 Xcountry. The 450 cc
engines are manufactured by Kymco in Taiwan.[13] The 2009 and 2010
650 cc engine parts were manufactured by Rotax in Austria, with the
engine being assembled by Loncin Holdings, Ltd in China.[14][15] Arriving
in 2016, is the BMW G310R, a single-cylinder liquid-cooled model
manufactured in India by TVS Motor Company.
 R series – twin-cylinder boxer engines of 1,170 cc capacity featuring shaft
drive. Models
are R1250GS, R1200GS, R1200R, R1200RT, R1200RS, R1200S, R
nineT and R18.
 K series – four-cylinder engines of 1,157 to 1,649 cc capacity featuring
shaft drive. Models are K1200LT, K1300GT, K1300R and K1300S. In
2011, BMW Motorrad launched the six-cylinder 1,649 cc K1600GT and
K1600GTL.
 S series – S1000RR – sport bike with transverse-mounted, 999 cc inline-
four engine. Models included S1000R, S1000XR

BMW K1200S

63
 SALES

BMW Motorrad achieved record sales for the fifth time in succession in 2015.
With a total of 136,963 vehicles sold in 2015, BMW registered a 10.9%
increase in sales in comparison with 2014. The biggest single market in 2015
was once again Germany (23,823 units), followed by the United States
(16,501 units), France (12,550 units), Italy (11,150 units), United Kingdom
(8,200 units) and Spain (7,976 units).

With an aim for 2020 to supply 200,000 vehicles to customers, BMW

Motorrad is targeting an increase of its dealership from around 1,100 to 1,500
in the future. As it was the case until now, BMW's most successful motorcycle
is still the R 1200 GS with 23,681 units sold in 2015.

64
 MOTORSPORTS
BMW Motorrad regularly enters its motorcycles in the Dakar Rally, an annual
car, truck, and motorcycle race held traditionally on European and African
land and recently, in South America, has featured riders such as Simon
Pavey and motorcycling celebrity Charley Boorman. BMW Motorrad
motorcycles have won the Dakar Rally six times.

In 2007, BMW Motorrad announced their entry to the 2009 Superbike World
Championship season, running their S1000RR bike. The 2009 season
factory team was known as Team Alpha BMW and includes Spanish
rider Ruben Xaus and Australian rider Troy Corser. In the 2010 season, Xaus
and Corser were joined on the track by Team Reitwagen BMW riders Andrew
Pitt and Roland Resch, also riding the S1000RR.

2014 BMW S1000R

65
Isle of Man TT

In recent years BMW Motorrad have enjoyed renewed success at the Isle of
Man TT Races. Prior to 2014, the last success in the solo categories at the
event was in 1939, when Georg Meier won the Senior TT. After 75 years
BMW again took top spot on the rostrum at the 2014 Isle of Man
TT when Michael Dunlop piloted a BMW S1000RR to first place in the
opening Superbike race. Michael Dunlop then rounded off the week with
victory in the Senior TT.

At the 2016 Isle of Man TT, Michael Dunlop again took the honours in the
opening Superbike TT for BMW. Dunlop led the race from start to finish from
another BMW rider, Ian Hutchinson. Dunlop also established a new outright
lap record, at 133.962 mph (215.591 km/h) and set a new race record of 1
h 44 min 14.259 s, after 226 miles (364 km) of racing.

BMW sidecars also had numerous successes at the TT Races, primarily

during the 1960s and early 1970s.

In total, BMW have won 34 Isle of Man TT races, in both the solo and sidecar
divisions.

66
 ENGINE TYPES

There are four lines of BMW motorcycles:

 F & G series singles

 F series twins
 R series
 K series

The series differ primarily in the class of engine that each uses.

F and G series singles

The F Series of single-cylinder BMW motorcycles was first launched in 1994,
as the F650, and was built by Aprilia around a carbureted 650 cc four-stroke,
four-valve, single piston engine, and chain drive. The mission for the F 650
was to provide an entry level BMW motorcycle. In 2000, the F650 was
redesigned, now with fuel injection, and labeled the F650GS. An off-road
focused F650 Dakar model was also launched that year. 2002 saw the
addition of the F650CS 'Scarver' motorcycle to the line up. The Scarver was
different from the F650GS variants in that it utilized a belt drive system
opposed to a chain, had a much lower seat height, and was intended for on-
road use. All F650 motorcycles produced from 2000 to 2007 used a 652 cc
engine built in Austria by Rotax and were built by BMW in Berlin.

In late 2006, the G series of offroad biased bikes motorcycles was launched
using the same 652 cc engine fitted to the F650GS, although that engine is
no longer manufactured by Rotax. The latest version of the 652cc single

67
engine fitted in the new G650GS is now produced in Berlin after 2 years
production in Loncin, China.

In November 2007, the G450X sport enduro motorcycle was launched using
a 450 cc single-cylinder engine. The G450X contained several technological
improvements over the Japanese off-road racing motorcycles but the most
unusual and significant was the use of a single pivot point for the
drive sprocket and the swing arm. This unusual configuration allowed for a
very tense drive chain with no slop and eliminated acceleration squat. The
former benefit saves on chain and sprocket wear and the latter allows for a
more consistent drive geometry and fully available rear suspension travel
during heavy acceleration.

F series twins
In mid-2006, The F Series added two new motorcycles to the lineup,
the F800S sports bike and F800ST sports tourer, both which use a
798 cc parallel-twin engine built by Rotax. Both motorcycles also feature
a belt drive system similar to what was in use on the F650CS. In 2007 the
single-cylinder F650GS was replaced with the twin-cylinder F800GS and
F650GS models. The latter uses a de-tuned version of the 798 cc engine
fitted to the F800GS marking a departure from BMW's naming convention.

68
R series flat-twins

Four different BMW airhead and oilhead valve covers

1954 R68's two-fin valve cover

The R series are built around a horizontally opposed flat-twin (boxer) engine.
As the engine is mounted with a longitudinal crankshaft, the cylinder heads
protrude well beyond the sides of the frame. Originally, R series bikes had
air-cooled heads but are now produced only with partial oil cooling or water
cooling. The type of internal combustion engine cooling used across the
various R series engines leads to the use of the distinguishing names
airhead and oilhead.

69
Airheads

Airheads are BMW motorcycles with an air-cooled vertical-single or

horozintally-opposed twin engine that were built from 1923 to 1995. Most
airheads made from 1969 to 1995 used the BMW 247 engine, although 248/1
engines were used on mid-sized R-series motorcycles from 1978 to 1993.
Even high-performance motorcycles, such as the R90S used the 247
engine and its successor, the R100RS, was fitted with an oil cooler.

Oilheads

An "Oilhead" is a name to describe BMW flat-twin motorcycle engines with

partial oil-cooling, and to distinguish these engines from the earlier air-cooled
"Airhead" models. The Oilhead's finned cylinders have conventional air-
cooling, but the four-valve cylinder-heads are oil-cooled. Unlike earlier BMW
boxers which had a single camshaft in the crankcase (variously above or
below the crankshaft), the Oilhead has a camshaft in each head. (It is still
technically an overhead valve engine rather than a true overhead
camshaft unit, as the camshaft bears onto very short pushrods which operate
valve rockers). In 2013, BMW introduced water-cooling to its boxer
range. The engine is still used in the BMW R nineT line of motorcycles.

In April 2020 BMW launched its cruiser BMW R18 with BMW's largest boxer
engine featuring 1,802 cc (110.0 cu in), 90 hp (67 kW) and 158 N⋅m
(117 lbf⋅ft).

70
Water-cooled boxer engines

From 2013 (R1200GS), some BMW bikes have water-cooled-heads, but

(like the oilheads), the new engines still use air-cooling for the cylinders.
Approximately 34% of the cooling is attributed to the water-cooling which is
concentrated in the highest heat generating areas such as around the
exhaust-valve seats, etc.

The inlets are now on top of the cylinder (not behind as before) and the
exhausts are below (no longer in front).

R series singles
Between the introduction of the R39 in 1925 and the discontinuation of the
R27 in 1967, BMW made motorcycles with single-cylinder engines. These
were similar in design to their larger flat-twin motorcycles, including the use
of shaft drive, but the engine was mounted vertically within the frame.

K series straight engines

The K series BMWs have water-cooled engines of three (K75), or four (K100,
K1100, K1200, K1300), or six (K1600) cylinders. Up until 2004, all K series
engines, whether three or four cylinders were that of the original "flying brick"
layout, so called due to the external appearance of the engine. The layout of
these original K engines is unique within motorcycling in that the engine is
mounted lying on its side, with the crank on the right side of the bike and the
cylinder heads and valve gear on the left. This format had the advantage of
allowing the drive system to have only one 90-degree translation within the
final drive housing, potentially reducing drive train losses. All of the original
71
format K engines were also mated to a dry automotive-type clutch. The
uniform use of the traditional K engine ceased with the K1200 models in
2005, with a new 1200 series engine that was radically different from the
flying brick in that it was a conventional transversely 55-degree slant-
mounted four-cylinder engine coupled to a wet clutch and a unitary
construction gearbox. It was at this time also that the K bike shaft drive
moved from the right side to the left. Despite this new engine, the traditional
flying brick K engine continued in service with the giant K1200LT luxury
touring bike until 2009, at which point the flying brick bowed out along with
the K1200LT. This was the event that presaged the development of the
ultimate K engine in terms of size and complexity, the six-cylinder K1600
series fitted to the K1600GT and GTL models.

BMW K100 motorcycle engine circa 1986

The first K-series production bike was the K100, which was introduced in the
1983. In 1988, BMW introduced the K1 which had the Bosch Motronic fuel
injection system.

From 1985 to 1996, the K75 740 cc three-cylinder engine was produced.

72
In 1991, BMW increased the displacement of the K100 from 987 cc to
1,097 cc and the model designation became the K1100. The K1100LT was
the first with the new engine displacement. In 1998 BMW increased the size
again to 1,170 cc. This upgraded flat four engine appeared in the K1200RS.
This engine continued in production for the K1200LT range, with a power
boosting update in 2004, until the end of the LT production run.

The later K1200 engine is a 1,157 cc transverse inline-four, announced in

2003 and first seen in the 2005 K1200S. The new engine generates 123 kW
(165 hp) and is tilted forwards 55 degrees. It is 43 cm (17 in) wide, giving the
bikes a very low center of mass without reducing maximum lean angles.

In October 2008, BMW announced the new K1300GT, K1300S and K1300R
models, all of which feature a larger capacity 1293 cc engine producing up
to 175 hp (130 kW). The new engine produces maximum power output
1,000 RPM lower than the previous engine, producing more torque due in
part from a butterfly flap fitted in the exhaust.

In 2011, BMW launched the K1600 range—the K1600GT and K1600GTL—

featuring a new 1,649 cc (100.6 cu in) straight-six engine, which is
mounted transversely across the chassis. The engine is angled forward by
50°. The engine was originally used on the Concept 6, a concept bike that
was shown at the 2009 EICMA Milan Motor Show. BMW claims that the
engine at 560 mm (22 in) wide, just 67 mm (2.6 in) wider than the K1300
engine is the narrowest six-cylinder engine ever produced. Cylinder bore is
72.0 mm (2.83 in) and the distance between cylinder centres 77 mm
(3.0 in) The camshaft is hollow, with cam lobes pressed on, which saves
around 2 lb (0.91 kg). The engine has electronic throttle control and multiple
drive modes which can be set according to road conditions.

73
 MODEL DESIGNATION

BMW uses a three-segment nomenclature for motorcycles. The first

segment indicates the engine type, the second indicates the approximate
engine displacement in cubic centimeters (with one notable exception: the F
650 GS, which has an engine displacement of 798cc), while the third
indicates the class of motorcycle (e.g., sport, sport touring, dual-sport, etc.).
The three segments are separated by blanks.[38][39][40]

A similar 3-segment nomenclature is used for BMW automobiles. However,

there is significantly less consistency across the range with respect to the
second segment (engine displacement/100).

Engine type:

 R – air-cooled, horizontally opposed ("boxer") 2-cylinder, oil-cooled

1994–2013, water-cooled starting with the 2013 R1200GS and 2014
R1200RT
 K – water-cooled, inline 3-, 4- or 6-cylinder
 F – water-cooled, vertical 1-cylinder (through 2006), vertical 2-cylinder
(after 2006)
 G – water-cooled, vertical 1-cylinder
 S – water-cooled, inline 4-cylinder superbike

Engine displacement in cc:

 Current models: 1600, 1300, 1250, 1000, 900, 800, 650, 400 and 310.
Previous models included 450, 850, 1100, 1150 and 1200.

74
 Older model BMWs divide the approximate engine displacement by ten
for the model number. For example, K75 ≈ 750 cc.

R1200RT-P police model

Styling suffix designations:

 B – Bagger
 C – Cruiser
 CS – Classic Sport
 G/S – Gelände/Strasse Off-road/Street
 GS – Gelände Sport Off-road Sport (Enduro)
 GT – Gran Turismo or Grand Touring
 LS – Luxury Sport
 LT – Luxus Tourer (Luxury Tourer)

75
 R – Road or Roadster, typically naked
 RR – Racing Replica
 RS – Originally stood for Rennsport, but since 1976 has stood for
Reisesport
 RT – Reise Tourer (Travel Tourer)
 S – Sport
 ST – Strasse (Street) or Sport Tourer
 T – Touring

Additionally, a bike may have the following modifiers in its name:

 A – ABS
 L – luxury
 P – police
 C – custom
 PD – Paris Dakar

Examples: K 1200 S, R 1200 RT, F 650 GS, R 1150 RSL, K 1200 LT, K 1200
LT-C, R 1200 RT-P, R 1200 RSA, S 1000 RR.

Prior to the introduction of the K 100 series and the R 1100 series
motorcycles, the letter prefix was always the same, and the numbers were
either based on displacement, as mentioned above, or were just model
numbers.

76
 TECHNOLOGIES

Rear suspension

Single-sided rear suspension

The first BMW monolever suspensions appeared in 1980 on the then-new

R80G/S range. It had a single universal joint immediately behind the
engine/gear-box unit. This system was later included on updated versions of
the K & R Series.

Paralever

Paralever is a further advance in BMW's single-sided rear suspension

technology (photo right). It decouples torque reaction as the suspension
compresses and extends, avoiding the tendency to squat or rise under
acceleration and reducing tyre chatter on the road surface. It was introduced
in 1988 R 80 GS and R 100 GS motorcycles.

Revised, inverted Paralever on a R1200GS

77
In 2005, along with the introduction of the "hexhead", BMW inverted the
Paralever and moved the torque arm from the bottom to the top of the drive
shaft housing (photo right). This reduces underhang of components and
tends to increase ground clearance in right lean.

The term "Paralever" is a portmanteau word from "Parallelogram" and

"Lever". The "lever is the swinging arm; and the "parallelogram" is the shape
between the four elements of the rear suspension (rear drive, drive shaft,
transmission, and lower or upper brace). Other motorcycle manufacturers
have patented similar designs, including Arturo Magni for MV
Agusta and Magni-Moto Guzzi machines, and Moto Guzzi's Compact
Reactive Shaft Drive.

Front suspension
Telescopic fork

In 1935, BMW fitted the first mass-produced hydraulically damped telescopic

fork to its R12 and R17 motorcycles. BMW still uses telescopic forks today
on its F-series, G-series, HP, and S1000RR motorcycles.

The R-series, which had used only the Telelever and the Duolever front
suspensions for several years,[citation needed] has partly returned to telescopic
forks in the 2015 model year with the introduction of the R 1200 R and R
1200 RS.[42]

Earles fork

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Earles fork on a BMW R60/2

Englishman Ernest Earles designed a unique triangulated fork that, unlike

telescopic forks, resists the side-forces introduced by sidecars.[43][44][45] BMW
fitted the Earles fork to all its models for 14 years from 1955. In the event,
this was the year that use of sidecars peaked and quickly fell off in most
European markets (e.g. the UK) but the Earles fork system was well liked by
solo riders too. It causes the front end of the motorcycle to rise under braking
— the reverse of the action of a telescopic fork. The mechanical strength of
this design sometimes proved to be a weakness to the rest of the motorcycle,
since it transfers impact pressure to the frame where damage is more difficult
and expensive to correct.

Telelever fork

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BMW's Telelever front suspension on a R1150R

Developed by Saxon-Motodd in Britain in the early 1980s, the Telelever fork

aims to improve handling stability during cornering and braking. The
Telelever uses conventional telescopic forks, but the stanchions contain only
lubricating oil. Springing and damping functions are dealt with by
a monoshock attached to a "Telelever" wishbone. The wishbone pivots on
the front of the engine block, and the wishbone's forward end is attached via
a rose-joint to a brace connecting the fork sliders. As there is no lower triple
clamp, the fork sliders are longer and lighter than on a conventional
telescopic fork, and the greater slider/tube overlap reduces both torsional
flex and unsprung weight.

The Telelever system's main benefit is that it separates the steering function
from the braking and suspension functions Braking forces are taken back via
the wishbone, thereby eliminating brake dive. During braking, the trail
and castor angle (rake) increases instead of decreasing as with traditional
telescopic forks. Some riders used to conventional forks reported that the
Telelever can initially lack "feel", and that the absence of dive is initially

80
disconcerting; but the R1100S BoxerCup Replika (a model with its own race
series) shows that the Telelever fork provides responsive and predictable
handling.

The term "Telelever" is a portmanteau word from "Telescopic fork" and

"Lever"; the "lever" being the wishbone arm.

Duolever

The top of the Duolever suspension

In 2004, BMW announced the K1200S, incorporating a new front suspension

based upon a design by Norman Hossack. BMW recognised this fact] but
paid Hossack no royalties. BMW named its new front suspension
the Duolever. As of 2018, the Duolever has been used on all K1300 and
K1600 models.

The official BMW Motorrad explanation of the duolever includes this

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The advantage of this front wheel suspension on the motorcycle market at
present is its torsional rigidity. The BMW Motorrad Duolever front wheel
suspension is not influenced by negative forces in the same manner as a
conventional telefork whose fixed and take-off tubes twist laterally as well as
longitudinally during jounce/rebound and steering. Its two trailing links
absorb the forces resulting from the jounce/rebound and keep the wheel
carrier stable. Thus, any torsioning is excluded and the front wheel
suspension is very precise. The steering commands of the rider are
converted directly and the feedback from the front wheel is transparent in all
driving conditions.

A kinematical anti-dive effect is additionally achieved, just as for the

Telelever, due to the arrangement of the trailing link bearings. While a
conventional telefork during strong braking manoeuvres jounces heavily or
locks, the Duolever still has sufficient spring travel remaining in this situation
and therefore the rider can still brake into the corner extremely late yet
directionally stable.

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 LIST OF BMW CONCEPT VEHICLES

The following is a list of concept cars and other vehicles, presented by BMW.

Year Model Designer Image

Peter
1949 331[1]
Schimanowski[1]

1949 501[2] Pininfarina

1954 528/502[3]

1964 Hurricane[4]
BMW
1967 K67[5]

1968 2000 Coupé by Frua[6]

1969 2800 Spicup[7] Bertone

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Year Model Designer Image

1970 2200 TI Garmisch[8]

1602 Electro-Antrieb
BMW
(E10)[9]

1972

E25 Turbo[10] Paul Bracq[11]

Karmann Asso Di
1976 Italdesign
Quadri[12]

1985 Z1 Prototype[13]

M8 E31 Prototype[14]
BMW
1990
Ur-Roadster (Original
Roadster)[15]

1991 Nazca C2[16] Italdesign

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Year Model Designer Image

Nazca M12[17]

Z2[18]

E1 (Z11)[19] BMW

1992 E2[20]

Nazca C2 Spider[21] Italdesign

1993

E1 (Z15)[22]

1994 Z13[23]
BMW
Z18[24]
1995
Z21[25]

1998 Z07[26]

85
Year Model Designer Image

1999 Z9[27]

Z9 Convertible[28]

Z22[29]
2000

750hL[30]

X-Coupé[31] Chris Chapman

2001

Z29[32] BMW

2002 CS1[33]
Chris Chapman

2003 xActivity[34]

86
Year Model Designer Image

2005 Concept Z4 Coupé[35]

Chris Bangle

Concept Coupé Mille

2006
Miglia[36]

1 Series tii[37]

CS[38]

2007 BMW

Concept X6[39]

Concept X6
ActiveHybrid[40]

87
Year Model Designer Image

Concept X1[41]

BMW Concept 7 Series

ActiveHybrid[42]

2008

GINA[43] Chris Bangle

M1 Homage[44]

Vision
EfficientDynamics
concept[45]
BMW

2009
5 GT Concept Car[46]

C1-E[47]

88
Year Model Designer Image

2010 Concept 6 Series[48]

Vision
ConnectedDrive[49]

328 Hommage[50]

2011

i3 Concept[51]

i8 Concept[52]

2012 i3 Concept Coupé[53]

89
Year Model Designer Image

i8 Concept Spyder[54]

Zagato Coupé[55]

Zagato

Zagato Roadster[56]

Concept Active
Tourer[57]

Concept 4 Series BMW

Coupé[58]

BMW Concept Active

2013
Tourer Outdoor[59]

90
Year Model Designer Image

Concept X5 eDrive[60]

BMW Concept X4[61]

Gran Lusso Coupé[62]

Concept M4 Coupé[63]

Vision Future
2014 Luxury[64] (7 series
2019)

M4 Concept Iconic
Lights[65]

2015

3.0 CSL Hommage[66]

91
Year Model Designer Image

3.0 CSL Hommage

R[67]

BMW 5 Series Gran

Turismo with fuel-
cell[68]

Concept Compact
Sedan[69]

i Vision Future
Interaction[70]

Vision Next 100[71]

2002 Hommage
[72]
Concept
2016

2002 Hommage
Turbomeister
Concept[73]

Motorrad Vision Next

100[74]

92
Year Model Designer Image

Concept X2[75]

Concept 8 Series[76]

Motorrad Concept
Link[77]

Concept Z4[78]
2017

i Vision Dynamics[79]

Concept X7
iPerformance[80]

Concept M8 Gran
2018
Coupé[81]

93
Year Model Designer Image

Concept iX3[82]

Vision iNEXT [83]

BMW Concept 4 at IAA

2019[84]

i Hydrogen Next (fuel

2019
cell)[85]

Vision M Next

2020 Concept i4[86]

94
 FUTURE UP COMING BIKE VISION NEXT 100

BMW Motorrad unveils the fourth and final Vision Next 100 concept to round
off the BMW Group's centenary celebrations.

2016 marks BMW’s centenary, and the company has been celebrating it in
a unique way. As part of its 100th anniversary celebrations, BMW revealed
three new concepts from its Mini, Rolls-Royce and BMW brands earlier this
year. Now to round off the celebrations, BMW’s motorcycle division,
Motorrad, has unveiled a unique and futuristic virtual reality motorcycle.

Christened the BMW Motorrad Vision Next 100, the concept motorcycle
packs some mighty tech, which if BMW is to be believed, will become reality
in the next 30 years or so. The motorcycle concept is inspired by the
company’s first motorcycle, the R32. But unlike the two-cylinder combustion
engine that the original bike came fitted with, the concept version features
an electric powertrain. But, that’s where the similarity between the two ends.
In fact, the Vision Next 100 motorcycle is nothing like a conventional
motorcycle.

First up is the chassis, which in company-speak, is called “Flexframe”, and

adjusts itself when the rider steers the handlebar. BMW also claims that
there’s no need to wear a helmet or any safety gear to ride this motorcycle!
And that’s because it comes with self-balancing gyro system that will make
it impossible for you to tip over the motorcycle – even when stationary.
There’s however a riding suit for the rider that comes with embedded

95
vibrating elements in leg and arm sections so as to communicate navigation
instructions as well as warnings to the rider.

The rider also gets those cool looking glasses that display information in
addition to providing wind protection. Among some of the functions, it can
display ideal cornering lines, safety information, rear view, lean angles, etc.
The glasses will function based on the rider’s eye movements. Like, when
the rider looks down, the menu for various systems will pop up while looking
up will bring the rear view from the camera.

As you can see in the images, the bike doesn’t have any suspension
components. And that’s because it comes shod with “Variable Tread” tyres
that can absorb bumps or road undulations while also providing maximum
grip in different conditions.

To sum it up, BMW says the Motorrad Vision Next 100 “embodies the BMW
Group’s vision of biking in a connected world – an analogue experience in a
digital age.” And if the future of motorcycling is going to be that tech-laden,
you can't help but embrace it.

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97
98
 FUTURE UP COMING CAR

BMW i4

The BMW i4 is an all-electric five-door liftback styled sedan made by German

automobile manufacturer BMW, marketed as a four-door coupé with sales
commencing in 2021. The initial concept version, named BMW i Vision
Dynamics, debuted at the 2017 Frankfurt Motor Show. It is the fifth BMW
i sub-brand model, and will be sold in several variants at different
performance levels.

99
 BMW i4 (G26)

Overview

Manufacturer BMW

Production 2021 (planned)

Assembly Germany: Munich

Designer Lim Seung-mo (concept & production versions)[1]

Body and chassis

Class Compact executive car (D)

Body style 5-door liftback sedan

Layout  Rear-motor, rear-wheel drive

 Dual-motor all-wheel drive (xDrive)
Platform Cluster Architecture (CLAR)
Powertrain
Electric motor Front and rear motor combined output, 3-
phase synchronous motor
Transmission Single-speed with fixed ratio
Battery 80 kWh lithium-ion
Electric range 590 km (367 miles) WLTP
Plug-  DC 150 kW
in charging  AC 11 Kw
Dimensions
Wheelbase 2,993 mm (117.8 in)

100
 Length 4,804 mm (189.1 in)
Width 1,933 mm (76.1 in)
Height 1,387 mm (54.6 in)

Development and launch

An investment of about €200 million in the Munich plant was made in

preparation for the 2021 series production as the BMW i4 is built on the same
assembly line as cars with combustion engines and plug-in hybrids. While
90% of the existing production equipment in the body shop were
incorporated into the production process of the i4 several new systems were
required mainly for the floor assembly and rear structure as the electric drive
and high-voltage battery are different from conventional architectures. The
plant was closed for six weeks in the summer of 2020 to convert more than
1000 robots in the body shop and assembly area to prepare it for the
assembly of the i4. The electric motor is assembled in Dingolfing. The i4 was
revealed fully production-ready in March 2021, three months ahead of
schedule, and will be available for sale in Autumn 2021.

The production model is based on the modular CLAR platform to keep costs
low and volume-production attainable. It is described as a battery-
powered G20 3 Series and is technically closely related to the G26 4 Series
Gran Coupé. The i4 has a damping system designed to reduce “dipping
movements of the body” under acceleration or braking, with an “actuator-
related wheel slip limitation” system to better boost traction and stability.

101
The electric drive component of the i4, its charging unit and high-voltage
battery are all developed in-house by the BMW Group, forming the fifth-
generation eDrive system. A notable technical feature of the i4's powertrain
concerns its packaging. The electric motor, transmission and power
electronics are all contained in a single component, which allows for a higher
efficiency of energy conversion. BMW also focussed on reducing the number
of rare earth materials in the battery and electric motor system. None are
used to construct the motor, while the battery uses two thirds less cobalt than
before.

The fifth-generation eDrive system supports up to 150 kW DC fast charging.

The 80 kWh battery pack, which weighs roughly 550 kg (1,213 lb), can be
charged to 80 percent in 35 minutes or six minutes for a range of 100 km
(62 mi). The batteries used in the i4 have a higher number of cells per
module, a reduced number of components, a more compact design and
increased flexibility concerning their geometry. The high-voltage battery is
characterized by its extremely flat design and optimized energy density. Due
to bulky batteries that reduce on-road handling, the i4 utilize lightweight
construction to make the model attractive in the electric market.

102
Equipment

All models feature the iDrive 8 infotainment system, including an

updated voice-controlled assistant and gesture control system, while
the iDrive controller is also retained on the centre console. The interface is
sourced through the BMW Curved Display that combines the 12.3-
inch instrument cluster and 14.9-inch infotainment system with a redesigned
touch interface within a single unit. The iDrive 8 system features Apple
CarPlay and Android Auto capability, compatible with 5G mobile technology,
while third-party applications for communication and music streaming are
also integrated within the system. A number of ambient lighting elements are
placed throughout the cabin and change color depending on the driving
mode. The iDrive 8 system is integrated with the new My BMW App for
smartphones.

103
Specifications

The model planned to be introduced at launch is the i4 eDrive40 with a

single-motor, rear-wheel-drive layout. Additional power and range models
will be available. The M-branded i4 M50 xDrive with a dual-motor xDrive all-
wheel system will be the first battery-electric vehicle by BMW's motorsport
division. The base model i4 eDrive35 will arrive at a later date.

Model i4 eDrive35 i4 eDrive40 i4 M50 xDrive

Dual-motor all-wheel
Powertrain Rear-motor rear-wheel drive
drive

Base price
(German €TBA €TBA €TBA
market)

Availability Early 2022 Late 2021

Battery
60 kWh
capacity 80 kWh (TBA)
(TBA)
(useable)

590 km
WLTP
(367 mi)
Range TBA TBA
300 mi
(483 km)EPA

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 3-phase synchronous
3-phase synchronous electric
Motor electric motor front and
motor
rear

200 kW 246 kW
Power (peak) (272 PS; (334 PS; 390 kW (530 PS; 523 hp)
[11]
268 hp) 330 hp)

Torque (peak) TBA TBA TBA

Acceleration
0–100 km/h TBA TBA 4.0 seconds
(62 mph)

Top Speed N/A N/A 200 km/h (124 mph)

DC Fast
Charge Up to DC 150 kW via CCS Combo 2
(DCFC) Speed

AC On-board
3-phase AC 11 kW via Type 2
Charge Speed

1,290 L (46 cu ft) max volume with rear seats folded and
[11]
Luggage rear trunk. 470 L (17 cu ft) rear trunk + 38 L (1 cu ft) for
charging cables under the rear trunk.

105
Concept cars

BMW i Vision Dynamics (2017)

The initial BMW i Vision Dynamics concept debuted at the 2017 Frankfurt
Motor Show, and was built on the flexible CLAR platform rather than
a carbon-fibre structure as with the contemporary i3 and i8 electric models. It
was powered by a single electric motor on the rear axle. The car had
projected performance figures of 0–100 km/h in 4.0 seconds, and a top
speed of over 200 km/h (124 mph). BMW's range goal for the i Vision
Dynamics was 373 mi (600 km) on the European WLTP cycle. The design
of the i Vision Dynamics was based on the study Vision Next 100 from 2016.

Although the interior was not finished, BMW promised a great view outwards
via the "flush integration of glass into the main body". Controversially, the i
Vision Dynamics featured a reworking of the double-kidney grille that
covered a plethora of sensors. Depending on the legal environment, BMW
intimated that the goal was to launch the production car with the capability to
work at Level 3 or Level 4 autonomous driving, which require differing types
of human input depending on circumstances.

The production version was announced at the 2018 Geneva Motor Show as
the BMW i4. At the 2018 Paris Motor Show, BMW confirmed the launch year
for the i4 as being 2021.

106
107
108
109
 BMW Concept i4 (2020)[edit]

The BMW Concept i4 was presented in March 2020 and reiterated a lot of
i4’s specifications that was shared at the LA Auto Show in November 2019.
The design language of the Concept i4 more closely resembles the
production model than the i Vision Dynamics. The single rear-motor was
projected to be rated at 390 kW (530 PS; 523 hp) that was on par with one
of BMW’s V8 combustion engines, though media doubted this claim as V8’s
are connected to a xDrive system. It was clarified that the i4 would come with
an EPA-estimated range of 270 mi (435 km) from an 80 kWh battery
pack, though the production model has an EPA-rated range of 300 mi
(483 km).

The concept featured a stretched wheelbase with BMW claiming it would

offer plenty of cabin space. The highly futuristic and minimalistic interior was
dominated by the BMW Curved Display that was angled toward the driver,
featuring the newest BMW Operating System 8. Other notable features was
an all-glass roof, mixture of cloth and leather in the seats and dash with
bronze and chrome fixtures, and replacement of touchpoints with crystal-like
plastic.

110
BMW Concept i4 (2020)

111
 OBJECTIVE OF BMW

The values and objectives of BMW are rooted in their golden history
embedded with honesty and high thinking. BMW has always desired of being
ahead in the market through understanding the internal and external
business environment. The objectives of BMW include:

To make their position stronger than at the moment by the end of 2012

To manufacture environmental friendly cars

To stay ahead in the competition

To help the society by being responsible

To increase the sales all across the world

Up to the year 2020, BMW Group intends to strengthen its position within
the global motor vehicle market by increasing sales to more than two million
automobiles per year. In addition to striving to grow its existing business, the
BMW Group will develop new and profitable areas of activity. At the same
time, the BMW Group will invest in future technologies, new vehicle concepts
and pioneering drive systems. The new strategy has been given the name
Number ONE, standing for ‘New Opportunities’ and ‘New Efficiency’. This
means making the best use of new opportunities and becoming more

112
efficient in order to ensure BMW Group’s lead over competitors and to
actively shape the company’s future.

113
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Majority of the customers i.e. (82%) are aware about BMW Cars. Friends i.e.
(74%) are the most important source through which customers came to know
about BMW cars. Price i.e. (80%) & quality i.e. (85%) are the factors which
influence the customers to purchase BMW products BMW i.e. (76%) is the
most preferred brand of car in India SUGGESTIONS There are still efforts
are needed to make people aware about BMW cars. BMW Company must
provide after sale service to their customers. Companies shall introduce or
increase the range of their product in respect of price.

114
THANK YOU

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