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English
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Expressing Obligation Using
Modals (Part II)
English – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 2: Expressing Permission Using Modals (Part II)
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

OIC-Schools Division Superintendent: Carleen S. Sedilla CESE
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent: Brian E. Ilan EdD

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Jenny P. Olinares

Editor: Eden F. Samadan

Reviewers: Eden F. Samadan

Layout Artist: Jenny P. Olinares

Management Team: Angelita S. Jalimao

Chief Education Supervisor, Curriculum Implementation Division

Neil Vincent C. Sandoval

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Eden F. Samadan
Division English Coordinator/School Principal II

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 What I Need to Know

Communication is an important part of our existence. We build

interactions and harmony with other people by communicating well. This is why
we need to establish the proper use of words and structure on the way we
converse. Modals are commonly used in our daily conversations. We use modals
to convey what we want to say towards other people.

This module focuses on the concepts and skills on using modals

appropriately in given situations. You will gain the knowledge and skills on how
to use modals in expressing obligation and giving advice. In addition, the
language used recognized the diverse vocabulary level of students. You are
encouraged to follow and complete every task at your own pace.

After going through each lesson for this module, you are expected to:

1. identify modals;

2. distinguish the modals to be used in expressing obligation and giving

advice; and

3. use modals to express obligation and to give advice.

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 What I Know

Choose the correct modal. Write the letter of the best answer on your answer
sheet.
1) Which of the following modals indicates strong obligation?
a) must
b) mustn’t
c) should
2) Which of the following modals indicates no obligation?
a) don’t have to
b) mustn’t
c) shouldn’t
3) Which of the following modals is used to give an advice?
a) must
b) mustn’t
c) should
4) Which of the following modals indicates strong obligation in the past?
a) didn’t have to
b) had to
c) should have
5) Which of the following modals indicates a past action that didn’t happen and
the advice or regret is too late?
a) didn’t have to
b) had to
c) should have
6) You _____ be late tomorrow! We have a lot of work to do.
a) must
b) mustn’t
c) shouldn’t
7) The museum offers free ticket. You _____ buy for us.
a) don’t have to
b) mustn’t
c) shouldn’t
8) Erik _____ smoke inside the school.
a) doesn’t have to
b) mustn’t
c) shouldn’t
9) We ____ rush because we were given plenty of time to accomplish that.
a) don’t have to
b) mustn’t
c) shouldn’t
10) When I was college, I _____ work part-time to help my parents in paying my
tuition.
a) didn’t have to
b) had to
c) should have

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 What’s In

Modals are commonly used to convey a purpose and to create meaning to what
we say every day. Hence, this lesson provides a discussion on how we will use modal
effectively to communicate well in our daily living. There will be a set of examples and
exercises that you will accomplish to have a deeper understanding of the lessons.

Distinguish how each modal is used in the sentence. Write the letter of the correct
answer.

A. To ask permission
B. To give permission
C. To refuse permission

_____ 1) You can submit your output on Friday.

_____ 2) Can I use your phone? I just need to make a call to my mother.

_____ 3) Gav, you can eat ice cream as long as you will help in doing household chores.

_____ 4) Can I drive the car to school?

_____ 5) When I was a child, my parents told me that I could play with my friends outside.

What’s New

Jake and Jaz are siblings. They help each other in doing the household chores. The
table below shows their division of duties. Check it out and answer the given questions.

Household Chores Jake Jaz

Clean the room ∕

Wash the dishes ∕

Sweep the floor ∕

Feed the pets ∕

Clean the bathroom ∕ ∕

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 A. Who said these things?
1) I must clean the room.
2) I have to wash the dishes.
3) I must sweep the floor.
4) I have to feed the pets.
5) I ought to clean the bathroom.
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________

B. What do you call the underlined words?

C. What do these words express in the sentences?

What is It

To express an obligation, we can use have to, must, and should.

PRESENT POSITIVE MEANING NEGATIVE MEANING

have to/don’t have to Indicates strong obligation
(possibly from the outside)
The teachers have to be
trained to conduct online
classes.
must/ mustn’t Indicates strong obligation
(possibly from the
speaker’s point of view)
I must finish the output
today.
Indicates no obligation
They don’t have to work
on Sunday.
Indicates negative
obligation
She mustn’t eat
unhealthy foods.

should/shouldn’t Indicates mild obligation Indicates mild negative

or advice obligation or advice
You should take a rest for You shouldn’t smoke too
some time. much.

PAST POSITIVE MEANING NEGATIVE MEANING

had to/didn’t have to Indicates obligation in the
past
When I was a teenager, I
had to take care of my
younger siblings because
my parents needed to
work.
Must Changes to “had to”
should have+ past Indicates a past action
participle/ shouldn’t which didn’t happen:
have + past participle the advice/ the regret is
too late
Indicates no obligation in
the past
I didn’t have to work last
Saturday because I
finished my work early.
Indicates a past action
which didn’t happen:
the advice/ the regret is
too late

You should have done the You shouldn’t have

project earlier, now you resigned in your job, it is
have crammed. hard to find a new one.

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 What’s More

Identify the correct modals to be used in the following sentences.

1) The parents ____ (have to, must) guide their children with their studies in the
new normal setup.

2) I _____ (have to, must) meet the deadline set by my professor.

3) She _____ (doesn’t have to, mustn’t) go to work on weekends because she’s done
with her project.

4) You _____ (must, should) have also time with your friends to release your stress
at work.

5) He _____ (had to, should have) moved to another place when he was promoted.
6) You _____ (had to, should have) taken vitamins, now you have colds and
coughs.

7) The students _____ (have to, must) enroll online for this school year because
physical enrolment is now allowed.

8) Everyone _____ (has to, must) wear a mask when going outside or any
establishment.
9) When the quarantine period started, I _____ (had to, should have) to work from
home to help the government in preventing the virus.
10) I _____ (have to, must) practice social distancing from time to time as a
preventive measure in spreading the coronavirus.

What I Have Learned

Use the 3-2-1 Reflection to share what you have gained from the lesson

3 Insights 2 Realizations 1 Question

What did I learn about the What have I realized from What do I want to clarify
lesson? the lesson? about the lesson?

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 What I Can Do

You’re doing great! It is now your time to use the modals in expressing obligation.
1. Reflect on your daily activities or duties every day at home, at school, and in your
barangay/community.
2. List down your duties and responsibilities that serve as your obligations.
3. Use the appropriate modals to express your obligations. You may note down three
to five obligations.

HOME SCHOOL BARANGAY

I must come to school on I must follow the curfew
Ex: I must wake up early
time every day. time at my barangay.
to prepare meals for my
siblings.

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 Assessment

Choose the correct modal for each sentence. There are options given in the box. Write
your answers on a separate sheet.

don’t have to had to have to

must mustn’t should

shouldn’t

1) We _____ be late for the exam.

2) I _____ eat a lot of sweets or I’ll be fat.

3) They _____ wake up early today because it is a Sunday.

4) We _____ forget to lock the door before we leave.

5) You _____ eat well and take a rest well to be healthy.

6) When she was new in Germany, she ____ to learn the language to be able to

speak and to be understood.

7) You _____ smoke too much!

8) We _____ rush. We have a plenty of time.

9) I _____ cook meals because my husband is a good cook.

10) Christy _____ work part-time when she had her 2nd baby for extra income.

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 Additional Activities

I. Aside from expressing obligations, there are also modals mentioned in this
lesson that are used to give an advice such as should and shouldn’t.

Imagine that you are a writer in a newspaper, and you have your own column
in giving advice. Choose one from the given situations and give your advice. Do not
forget to use should and shouldn’t.

1) A friend who lost a job

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

2) A colleague who was reprimanded by your superior

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

3) A couple who is having misunderstanding

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

4) A classmate who failed in the exam

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

5) An employee who is habitually tardy

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

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