Let’s Analyze

The amount of carbon dioxide in the Earth's early atmosphere decreased because it was used by plants
and algae for photosynthesis, dissolved in the oceans and formed fossil fuels. Give one other way that
the amount of carbon dioxide in the Earth's early atmosphere decreased.

answer:

Carbon Dioxide dissolves in water and forms into soluble carbonate compounds suchas sodium
carbonate and potassium carbonates

. A student burned a hydrocarbon fuel and collected the products of combustion by placing a funnel
over the burning fuel. Air was sucked through the funnel using a pump. The student saw that soot had
collected inside the funnel. Explain why soot forms.

answer:

Soot forms were formed because of its incomplete combustion. Also, due to lack ofoxygen inside the
funnel

A student is investigating the energy released during the combustion of different alcohols. The student
notices that a black substance forms on the bottom of the beaker which is held above the burning fuel.
What is the identity of the black substance and why was it produced during the combustion of the
alcohols?

answer: Incomplete combustion

Water is still produced, but carbon monoxide and carbon are produced instead of carbon dioxide. The
carbon is released as soot . Carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas, which is one reason why complete
combustion is preferred to incomplete combustion

Sulfur is burned in oxygen. The gas produced is then mixed with water which contains some universal
indicator. Describe the colour change that you would expect to see due to the indicator and explain your
answer.

answer:

Indicators are substances whose solutions change color due to changes in pH. These are called acid-base
indicators. They are usually weak acids or bases, but their conjugate base or acid forms have different
colors due to differences in their absorption spectra
Whilst investigating the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels, a student collected the gases released and
passed them through limewater. Describe the change in the appearance of the limewater and explain
why this happens.

answer:
any substance that gives a visible sign, usually by a colour change, of the presence or absence of a
threshold concentration of a chemical species, such as an acid or an alkali in a solution. An example is
the substance called methyl yellow, which imparts a yellow colour to an alkaline solution. If acid is
slowly added, the solution remains yellow until all the alkali has been neutralized, whereupon the colour
suddenly changes to red.