Statistical Publications

Shipping Statistics
and Market Review
Volume 54 No 8 - 2010

Market Review
Analytical Focus
World Merchant Fleet
World Tanker Market
World Bulk Carrier Market
World Container and General Cargo Shipping
World Merchant Fleet by Ownership Patterns
World Passenger and Cruise Shipping/
ISL Cruise Fleet Register
World Shipbuilding and Shipbuilders
Major Shipping Nations
World Seaborne Trade and World Port Traffic

Institute of Shipping Economics and Logistics

 ISL World Cruise Fleet
Register 2010/2011
;Entries are based on Information up to July 2010.
;Included are all seagoing passenger vessels of 1000 gt
and over, with 100 or more berths year-round or temporary
engaged in cruising.

Photo:  MS ALBATROS,  built 1973,  28518 gt, 850 beds, 420 crew
By courtesy of Arnulf Hader, Geiranger Fjord, Norway, August 2010 

Institute of Shipping Economics and Logistics

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Contents – World Passenger and Cruise Shipping www.isl.org

Page
ISL Comment 5-14
Editorial Team: Arnulf Hader, Reinhard Monden, Dieter Stockmann, Zuebeyde Gül
(1) WORLD WORLD PASSENGER FLEET DEVELOPMENT 2009/2010
1.1 Passenger/Cargo Passenger Fleet Development 2009/2010 ........................... 5
1.2 Ownership Patterns of the Passenger/Cargo Passenger Fleet 2010 ................. 6
1.3 Future Passenger and Cargo Passenger Tonnage Supply ............................... 7
1.4 The Shipbuilding Market for Passenger and Cargo Passenger Ships ................. 8
1.4.1 New Orders and Orderbook Development Passenger Ships ............................ 8
1.4.2 Leading Shipbuilding countries ................................................................... 9
(2) THE ISL CRUISE FLEET REGISTER – HIGHLIGHTS 2009/2010
2.1 Demand for Cruises .................................................................................. 9
2.2 Fleet Developments .................................................................................. 10
2.3 Ownership Patterns and Cruise Operators .................................................... 11
2.4 Shipyard Dock Utilisation ........................................................................... 13

COMMENT - SUMMARY TABLES

Tab. 1 World Passenger and Cargo Passenger Fleet by Type
as of January 1st, 2006 and 2010 ............................................................... 5
Tab. 2 World Passenger and Cargo Passenger Fleet – Tonnage Reductions 2005 – 2009 5
Tab. 3 World Passenger and Cargo Passenger Fleet – Tonnage Additions 2005 – 2009 6
Tab. 4 World Passenger and Cargo Passenger Fleet by gt-Size Groups
as of January 1st, 1990-2010 ..................................................................... 6
Tab. 5 World Passenger and Cargo Passenger Fleets by Top Ten Registered Flags
as of January 1st, 2010 ............................................................................. 6
Tab. 6 World Passenger and Cargo Passenger Fleets by Top Ten Countries of Domicile
as of January 1st, 2010 ............................................................................. 7
Tab. 7 World Passenger and Cargo Passenger Order Book by Top Countries of Build and
Delivery Schedule as of January 1st, 2010 ................................................... 9
Tab. 8 The Twelve Top Ranking Cruise Shipping Companies 2010 ............................ 12
Tab. 9 Cruise Ships on Order as of July 1st, 1998 – 2010 ......................................... 13
Tab. 10 Cruise Ships on Order by Major Yards as of July 1st, 2010 .............................. 14
Tab. 11 Cruise Ships on Order by Major Operators as of July 1st, 2010 ....................... 14
COMMENT - FIGURES
Fig. 1 World Passenger and Passenger Cargo Fleet additions
and reductions 1999 – 2010 ...................................................................... 5
Fig. 2 World Passenger and Cargo Passenger Fleet by year of build
as of January 1st, 2010 ............................................................................. 5
Fig. 3 World Passenger and Cargo Passenger Fleet –average size Development
as of January 1st, 1990-2010 .................................................................... 6
Fig. 4 Passenger and Cargo Passenger Fleet – Quarterly order book and new order
Development 2000 - 2010 ......................................................................... 7
Fig. 5 Passenger and Cargo Passenger Fleet – broken-up and new orders
by type 2005 – 2009 ................................................................................ 8
Fig. 6 Passenger and Cargo Passenger Fleet – share of the ordered Tonnage (gt)
on the existing Fleet as of January 1st, 1994 – 2010 ..................................... 8
Fig. 7 Passenger and Cargo Passenger Ships on order by country of build
as of January 1st, 2009 and 2010 ............................................................... 9
Fig. 8 Global demand for cruise shipping in 2009 .................................................. 10
Fig. 9 European cruise Passengers by Country, 2009 .............................................. 10
Fig. 10 Active cruise Fleet as of July 1st, 1987 – 2010 .............................................. 10
Fig. 11 Passenger capacity of active cruise Fleet as of July 1st, 1987 – 2010 ............... 11
Fig. 12 Cruise Fleet by year of build as of July 1st, 2010 ........................................... 11
Fig. 13 Cruise Fleet by gt-size class as of July 1st, 2010 ........................................... 11
Fig. 14 World cruise Fleet - Development of the Top Ranking Registered
Flags 1999-2010 ...................................................................................... 11
Fig. 15 World cruise Fleet - Development of the Top Ranking Countries
of Domicile 1999-2010................................................................................. 12
Fig. 16 Market Shares of the Major Cruise Ship Owners in 2010 ................................ 12
Fig. 17 Cruise Ships Order Book Development 1999 – 2010 ..................................... 13
Fig. 18 Cruise Ships on Order by gt Size Class ........................................................ 13
Fig. 19 Order Book of Cruise Ships by Yard and Owner as of July 1st, 2010 ................. 13

SSMR August 2010 3

Contents – World Passenger and Cruise Shipping www.isl.org

Page
ISL InfoLine Special 15-20
(1) ONLINE INFORMATION COMPILED FROM LEADING INDUSTRY SOURCES (2) ISL SEABASE – NEW LITERATURE ........... 15

ISL Statistical Tables 21-48

ISL WORLD CRUISE FLEET REGISTER
The ISL World Cruise Fleet Register 2010/2011 ............................................ 23
Cruise Ships on Order as of July 1st, 2010 ................................................... 34
Additions to Cruise Fleet During 2009 ......................................................... 34
(1) WORLD CRUISE FLEET
1.1 Cruise Fleet Development 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2006-2010 ...................... 35
1.2 Cruise Fleet by Registered Flags 2009 and 2010 ........................................... 35
1.3 Cruise Fleet by Major Flags 1990, 1995, 2006 - 2010 ................................... 36
1.4 Cruise Fleet by Countries of Domicile .......................................................... 36
1.5 Cruise Fleet by Year of Build ...................................................................... 36
(2) WORLD PASSENGER AND PASSENGER CARGO FLEET
2.1 Key Figures on Fleet Development .............................................................. 37
2.2 Passenger / Passenger Cargo Fleet Development
by Ship Type 2005, 2007 - 2010 ................................................................ 38
2.3 Passenger / Passenger Cargo Fleet by Major Flags
as of January 1st, 2009 and 2010 ............................................................... 39
2.4 Passenger / Passenger Cargo Fleet by Country of Domicile
as of January 1st, 2010 ............................................................................... 40
2.5 Passenger / Passenger Cargo Fleet by Registered Flags and Countries of
Domicile According to Regions and Ship Type as of January 1st, 2010 .............. 41
2.6 Passenger / Passenger Cargo Fleet by Country Groups and Division of Age
as of January 1st, 2010 ............................................................................. 41
2.7 Passenger / Passenger Cargo Fleet by Ship Type and Division of Age
and Deliveries up to 2013 as of January 1st, 2010 ........................................... 42
2.8 By gt-size Class and division of Age as of January 1st, 2010 ........................... 42
2.9 Additions to Passenger / Passenger Cargo Fleet
by Countries of Domicile 2005 - 2009 .......................................................... 43
2.10 Passenger / Passenger Cargo Fleet – Size Dimensions as of January 1st, 2010 .. 43
(3) BROKEN-UP PASSENGER AND PASSENGER CARGO SHIPS
3.1 Broken-up Passenger / Passenger Cargo Ships by Major Types 2000 - 2010 .... 44
3.2 Broken-up Passenger / Passenger Cargo Ships by Major Flags 2000 - 2010 ...... 44
(4) SELECTED WORLD PASSENGER PORTS
4 Selected World Passenger Ports – Traffic 2005 - 2009 ................................... 45

(5) WORLD SHIPBUILDING – PASSENGER / PASSENGER CARGO SHIPS

5.1 Existing Total Passenger Fleet by Major Areas of Build as of January 1st, 2010 .. 46
5.2
Orderbook Development 2009 and 2010 ..................................................... 46
5.3 By Major Types and Country of Build as of January 1st, 2010 ......................... 47
5.4 By Shipyard and Major Ship Types as of January 1st, 2010 ............................ 47
5.5 New Orders by Ship Type and Major Countries / Regions of Build 2006 - 2010 48
5.6 New Orders by Major Countries of Domicile 2006 - 2010 .............................. 48

ISL Market Review 49-76

SSMR August 2010 4

Comment - World merchant fleet by ownership patterns www.isl.org

This “short comment” is an excerpt from the “Analytical Comment” published in the ISL Shipping
Statistics and Market Review (SSMR) No 8-2010.

The SSMR includes detailed statistical information concerning the “analytical focus” and provides
approx. 30 monthly/quarterly market indicators (Market Review).
For more information compare attached “contents”

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SSMR August 2010 1

Comment - passenger and cruise shipping www.isl.org

Tab. 1: World passenger and passenger/roro cargo fleet by type as

1 WORLD PASSENGER AND CARGO PASSENGER FLEET of January 1st, 2006 and 2010,
At the beginning of 2010, the total passenger and 2006 2010 Av. growth Average age
passenger roro/cargo fleet for ships of 300 gt and over 1000 1000 rate '06-'10 (years)
Ship type No gt No gt No gt 2006 2010
was composed of 4,195 ships totalling approx. 33.7 million
Passenger ships 1492 12939 1571 16351 1.3 6.0 20.7 21.3
gt. At this time 159 vessels with 4.6 million grt were Passenger/roro
on order which is 45 less than the same time last cargo ships 2528 15919 2624 17366 0.9 2.2 22.9 23.9
Total 4020 28858 4195 33717 1.1 4.0 22.4 23.2
year.
During 2006-2010 the world passenger fleet grew by 4.0
percent per year on average when measured in grt but only Fig. 1: World passenger and passenger/roro cargo fleet additions
by 1.1 percent if measured in number of ships. This and reductions 1996-2009 (in 1000 gt)
demonstrates an increase in the overall size of ships being
ordered. Table 1 indicates the composition of the total 2500
passenger fleet, which includes besides 1,571 “pure Additions
2000
passenger ships” 2,624 “passenger roro/cargo ships”. The Reductions
passenger fleet is, as the following table shows, composed
1500
of various sub-types having their own momentum in the

1000 gt
market. At the beginning of 2010, the following sub-types
1000
specified by IHS Fairplay can be distinguished:
500
1000 av. ship
Ship Type (ships of 300 gt and over) No gt size (gt) 0
Passenger ships 1571 16351 10408 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
Ferry (deck passengers) 1045 689 659
Cruise ships (berthed only) 421 15161 36012
Liner passenger (berthed only) 34 111 3252 Tab. 2: World passenger and Passenger/roro cargo fleet
Passenger / Ferry (berthed and deck passengers 55 380 6918 – tonnage reductions 2005, 2008 and 2009
Others (Hydrofoil, etc.) 16 10 623 2005 2008 2009 gt %- gt %-
RoRo passenger ships 2423 16824 6944 1000 1000 1000 change change
RoRo cargo / ferry (deck passengers) 1709 4605 2694
Ship type No gt No gt No gt 08/09 05/09
Passenger/RoRo cargo (berthed + deck passengers) 688 12202 17736
Landing craft / ferry (deck passengers) 26 17 672 Passenger ships 12 110 14 108 12 91 -15.6 -17.5
Cargo passenger ships 201 542 2697 Passenger/roro
cargo ships 45 413 41 202 22 140 -30.4 -66.0
Total passenger ships 4195 33718 8038
Total 57 524 55 309 34 231 -25.2 -55.8
Passenger/roro cargo ships are, as the above table
illustrates, mainly engaged in ferry traffic. The “pure
passenger ships” include two main market segments, Fig. 2: World passenger and passenger/roro cargo fleet by year of
build as of January 1st, 2010 (No of ships)
namely:
ƒ Regional passenger traffic: A large number of smaller 100
passenger ships is engaged in regional passenger traffic. Passenger/roro cargo ships Passenger ships
According to ISL estimates, more than three ships out 80
of four belong to this category, but their gross tonnage
No of ships

share in the total passenger fleet reached only 9 per 60

cent.
40
ƒ Cruise shipping: A booming market segment which is
attributable to the larger ship units representing at the 20
beginning of 2010 approx. 93 per cent of the total pure
passenger tonnage. 0

The cruise fleet development presented in the second part

of this comment is based on the ISL Cruise Fleet Register
2010/2011 including ships of 1,000 gt and over.
The recent tonnage development of the total (pure)
passenger fleet, which increased on average by 6.0 per cent
per year between 2006 and 2010, is largely influenced by
fleet additions of (larger) cruise vessels. During the same
period the cargo passenger fleet grew on average only by
2.2 per cent yearly.
Note: Ships built before 1970 are excluded. Ships built before 1970 comprise 204
passenger ships with 0.8 million gt and 359 cargo passenger ships with 0.6 million
gt
Sources:
If not otherwise mentioned, the source for tables and figures concerning
the world merchant fleet, special ship type features and orderbook
information is “ISL based on LR/Fairplay”, please quote accordingly. All
fleet information provided in chapter 2 is based originally on the ISL,
namely the ISL Cruise Fleet Register 2009/2010 .

In spite of the global economic crisis and in contrast to Additions/reductions:

other ship types, demolition rates for passenger and Additions (newbuildings) entering the fleet refer to the fleet data of the
following year. Reductions (broken-up) tonnage refer to the fleet data of
“cargo” passenger ships were relatively low. During 2009 the respective year.

SSMR August 2010 5

Comment – passenger and cruise shipping www.isl.org

only 34 vessels with 0.2 million gt were reported as sold to Tab. 3: World passenger and passenger/roro cargo fleet
breakers. With an average lifetime of 43 years, passenger – tonnage additions 2005, 2008 and 2009
and passenger/roro cargo ships reached by far the highest 2005 2008 2009 gt %- gt %-
age before scrapping compared with other ship types of 1000 1000 1000 change change
the world merchant fleet. Ship type No gt No gt No gt 08/09 05/09
In 2009, fleet additions for passenger and passenger/roro Passenger ships 57 612 32 1035 49 991 -4.2 62.0
Passenger/roro
cargo ships exceeded demolitions by 1.1 million gt. The
cargo ships 55 508 54 585 56 362 -38.1 -28.7
total passenger fleet additions (newbuildings) during 2009 Total 57 1119 86 1619 105 1353 -16.4 20.9
reached 1.4 million gt, thereof 9 cruise ships with 1.0
million gt. Remarkable is especially the commissioning of
the OASIS OF THE SEAS, a giant with 225,000 gt. It Fig. 3: World passenger and cargo passenger fleet –average size
strikes that the number of cargo passenger ship additions development as of January 1st, 1990-2010 (average gt)
was slightly higher than in 2008, but their tonnage was 38.1 12000
per cent lower. Passenger ships
10500
Looking at the age profile of the total passenger fleet at the 9000
Passenger/rorro cargo ships
beginning of 2010 it can be noted that the passenger fleet
is the oldest segment of the total merchant fleet. Passenger 7500

gt
and passenger/roro cargo ships had an average age of 21.3 6000
and 23.9 years, respectively 4500
As mentioned above, the OASIS OF THE SEAS was by 3000
far the world’s largest passenger ship at the beginning of 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
2010. It has the size of a small town with a capacity of
around 5,400 passengers and 2,165 crew.
Fig. 4: World passenger and passenger/roro carfo fleet – broken-up
The average size development, shown in figure 3, reflects
and new orders by type 2003 – 2009 (1000 gt)
the strong impetus with regard to the size of passenger
ships. 1800
Broken up New orders
ƒ At the beginning of 2010, 1,438 passenger ships and 1500
2,612 cargo passenger ships equal to 96.5 per cent of all
ships were attributable to size classes below 50,000 gt. 1200
1000 gt

Table 4 indicates that there is a strong concentration 900

on smaller units in sizes up to 999 gt. Nearly all cargo
passenger ships range in sizes up to 49,999 gt. 600

ƒ The orderbook as of January 1st, 2010, reflects that the 300

future tonnage consists to 57.2 per cent of units above 0
80,000 gt. The orderbook included 30 passenger ships
(all cruise ships) above 80,000 gt representing 3.7
million gt. Worth mentioning is the OASIS’ sister Passenger ships Passenger/roro cargo ships
ALLURE OF THE SEAS with a tonnage of about
220,000 gt and a capacity of 5,400 passengers, being Fig. 5: World passenger and passenger/roro cargo fleet – Quarterly
built at Aker-Yards in Finland. orderbook and new order development 2005 - 2010

9
1.1 The shipbuilding market for passenger and
8
passenger/roro cargo ships
7
At the beginning of 2010, the orderbook (ships of 300 gt 6
and over) consisted of only 65 passenger ships with 3.1
5
mill cgt

million gt (3.5 mill cgt) and 94 cargo passenger ships with

4
1.5 million gt (1.6 mill cgt). Worth mentioning is that
vessels ranging in sizes of 100,000 gt and above had a 3 New orders during past 3 month Order book
share of 45 per cent. 2
1
As of January 1st, 2010, the orderbook represented a gt-
share of 19.1 per cent and 8.7 per cent related to the 0
existing passenger and passenger/roro cargo fleet,
respectively.
Latest figures until July 1st, 2010 show that passenger and
cargo passenger ship orders were slowing further: During Statistical details of “World passenger fleet”
ƒ Key figures p. 43
the first half of 2010, new orders amounted to 22 ƒ By major flags p. 45
passenger/passenger cargo ships with 0.74 million gt and ƒ By country of domicile p. 46
0.77 million cgt. As of July 1st, 2010 the orderbook for this ƒ By registered flag countries of domicile according to regions p. 47
ƒ By ship type and division of age and deliveries up to 2011 p. 48
ship type stood at 147 vessels, totalling 4.1 million gt and ƒ Additions to fleet by country of domicile p. 49
4.5 million cgt. ƒ By summer draught, length and broad by gt size class p. 49

6 SSMR August 2010

Comment - passenger and cruise shipping www.isl.org

Fig. 6: Passenger and passenger/roro cargo fleet – share of the

1.4.1 New orders and orderbook development ordered tonnage (gt) on the existing fleet as of January 1st,
Pure Passenger ships order activity during 2009 1994 - 2010 (gt-per cent)
increased by 10.8 per cent in terms of cgt, compared with 60.0
previous year’s results, but this result is 66 per cent below
figures of 2005. In contrast to recent years, the amount of 50.0
Passenger ships
ship deliveries surpassed new orders. While 49 passenger 40.0
ships (cruise vessels) with 1.0 million gt (0.90 million cgt)
left the orderbook after completion, 20 passenger ships 30.0
with 0.7 million gt (0.7 million cgt) were added. 20.0
Passenger/roro cargo ships
On January 1st, 2010, the total orderbook comprised 65
10.0
passenger/cruise ships equivalent to 3.5 million cgt.
Looking at the estimated delivery dates, 42 per cent is due 0.0
for delivery before 2011 and a further 58 per cent will be 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
available in 2011 or later.
During 2009, only 25 orders for new passenger/roro Fig. 7: World passenger and passenger/roro cargo ships on order by
cargo passenger ships were placed on shipbuilding yards. country of build as of January 1st, 2009 and 2010 (in cgt)
In terms of cgt these new orders had a volume of 0.2
million cgt. During the same period, 56 cargo passenger 2500
ships with 0.4 million cgt left the orderbook after 2009 2010
completion. 2000

At the beginning of 2010, the orderbook for 1500

passenger/roro cargo passenger ships reached a level of
1.6 million cgt compared with 1.9 million cgt in 2009. 1000
According to the delivery schedule at least 64 per cent of
the tonnage should be delivered before 2011. 500

1.4.2 Leading shipbuilding countries 0

Italy Germany France China, PR Finland Spain others
Pure passenger (cruise vessel) and ferry shipbuilding is a of
domain of European yards. The leading shipbuilding
country is Italy (in particular the yards of Fincantieri and   The ISL Cruise Fleet Register - Definitions:
Visentini). Passenger ships ordered at Italian yards totalled Entries are based on Information up to July 2010.
Included are all seagoing passenger vessels of 1000 gt and over, with
34 ships with 2.1 million cgt, the market share in all 100 or more berths year-round or temporary engaged in cruising. Not
ordered passenger tonnage stood at 42.0 per cent. At the included are cargo vessels on cargo liner services, car ferries and
beginning of 2010, 71 per cent of all ordered passenger passenger ferries on ferry services and private yachts.
Some modern ships in lay-up are included. This is caused by temporary
tonnage (cgt) was placed on Italian, German and French capacity reductions and bankruptcies of operators whose ships will,
yards. most probably, come back to service next year. Old ships in permanent
lay-up are excluded. Additionally, a few vessels making short cruises
were excluded too, because they are in fact floating casinos making
2 THE CRUISE FLEET DEVELOPMENT – HIGHLIGHTS trips of less than one night.
2009/2010
Fig. 8: Global demand for cruise shipping in 2009
The following contribution relates to the ISL Cruise Fleet
(per cent-share of total passengers)
Register 2010/2011 published in this issue. Besides a
description of the fleet development it will also give some
UK
background information on other market elements. 9%

2.1 Demand for cruises Total 16.9 Mill. Germany

USA 6%
A timid sense of optimism pervades the cruise industry at passengers in 2009
72%
the beginning of this year. One is glad that the year 2009 is
over and has passed relatively unscathed. Drawing a Others
13%
balance of the year 2009, it is important to note that the
industry has managed to offset the problems associated
with the global economic crisis without considerable ISL based on European Cruise Council and other trade sources
damage.
According to the European Cruise Council the number of
Europeans taking a cruise holiday recorded a growth in
2009. Nearly 4.95 million passengers in 2009 have taken a Open registry flags:
cruise vacation, which represents an increase of 12 per cent Open registry flags, comprises top ten flags, namely Liberia, Panama,
compared to last year. The United Kingdom remains at Bahamas, Cyprus, Malta, Saint Vincent, Bermuda, Marshall Islands,
Antigua & Barbuda and Cayman Islands; of which Majors comprises only
number one and Germany broke the one million passenger Liberia, Panama, Bahamas, Bermuda and Cyprus.

SSMR August 2010 7

Comment – passenger and cruise shipping www.isl.org

mark for the first time. The British market has doubled in Fig. 9: European cruise passengers by country of residence, 2009
the last nine years and – with 1.53 million passengers – (in 1000 passengers)
recorded a 31.5 per cent share of the European market.
Germany continued its strong growth in second place with 1600 1530
1.02 million passengers and a European market share of 21 1400
per cent. In Italy, the third largest cruise market in Europe, 1200 1026
an increase of 16 per cent was observed (790 000

1000 Passengers
1000
passengers). Contrary to last year’s prevision in our 790
800 627
comment, the cruise market in Spain has developed very
positively. Spain, with increased capacity from its national 600
370
brands, showed an outstanding 26 per cent increase to 400 208
627,000 passengers in 2009. 200 97 84 66 53
0
2.2 Cruise fleet developments
As Summer, 2010 the passenger and cruise fleet comprised
291 ships. A total of ten vessels left the fleet in 2009. Four
ISL based on European Cruise Council and other trade sources
of those ships, namely DALMACIJA, OCEAN
ODYSSEY, SALAMIS GLORY and BLUE MONARCH
that ceased cruising were directly sold for scrap. The Fig. 10: World active cruise fleet as of July 1st, 1989 – 2010
KRISTINA REGINA was replaced by KRISTINA (No of ships and gt)
KATARINA in August 2010, the remaining five ships 500 20000
PACIFIC, SAGA ROSE, ANDREA, FLAMENCO I, 450 18000
MARIYA YERMOLOVA were laid up. 400 16000
350 14000
During 2009/2010 the following additions were observed 300 12000
in the cruise fleet: in total 11 new cruise ships were added 250 10000

1000 gt
No

to the fleet, an additional total capacity of 0.808 mill gt and 200 8000
150 6000
20,500 berths. The average size of the cruise fleet is 54,047
100 4000
gt with 1,388 berths. 50 2000
Almost half of this additions (i.e. 5 ships with 400,000 gt 0 0
and 10,900 berths) were for the Carnival Group. 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
Furthermore noteworthy are cruise operators as Royal No of ships 1000 gt
Caribbean Cruises with three new ships CELEBRITY Source: ISL Cruise Fleet Register 2010; ships of 1000 gt and over
EQUINOX, OASIS OF THE SEAS and CELEBRITY
ECLIPSE as well as Mediterranean Shipping Cruises with
two new ships MSC MAGNIFICA and MSC Fig. 11: Passenger capacity of world active cruise fleet as of July 1st,
SPLENDIDA.
1988 – 2010 (1000 berths)
The most notable of the new arrivals was the new “world’s
largest cruise ship,” Royal Caribbean’s OASIS OF THE 450

SEAS with 225,000 gt and 5,400 berths. In the lower range 375
of the size scale are the new Carnival ships SEABOURN
1000 berths

ODYSSEY and Silversea’s SILVER SPIRIT, two of
several small ships ordered for the high-end luxury
segment of the industry in recent years.
Fourteen new ships were delivered in the first six months
of 2010, contributing another 919,264 gt and 7,000 berths
to the fleet already this year. Four more ships (417,369 gt)
are currently scheduled for delivery till end of the year.
One of these expected additions is a further ship in the
category “world’s largest cruise ship” with 225,000 gt,
namely ALLURE OF THE SEAS, which belongs to the
cruise operator Royal Caribbean.
The structure of the fleet reflects the growing importance
of mega ships (>2,000 berths). 87 ships in this class
account for 56 per cent of the cabin capacity of the global
cruise fleet. The 78 medium-sized vessels (1,000-2,000
berths) represent another 30 per cent of the cabin capacity,
while the 126 remaining ships account for only 13 per cent
of the berth capacities. There are now also 42 ships in the
world fleet larger than 100,000 gt, which represents 32 per
cent of the berth capacity.
Figure 13 shows that more than three quarters of the fleet
300
225
150
75
0
1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
Source: ISL Cruise Fleet Register 2010; ships of 1000 gt and over
  Statistical details “World passenger fleet”
ƒ Broken-up passenger and cargo passenger ships p. 50
ƒ Existing total passenger fleet by major areas of build p. 51
ƒ Quarterly orderbook development p. 51
ƒ Orderbook by country of build and delivery schedule p. 52
ƒ Orderbook by ship yard and type and delivery schedule p. 52
ƒ New orders by type and major countries of build p. 53
ƒ New orders by type and major countries of domicile p. 54
The compensated gross tons (cgt) concept was first devised
by shipbuilder associations, and adopted by the OECD Council
Working Party on Shipbuilding (WP6), in the 1970s to provide a
more accurate measure of shipyard activity than could be
achieved by the usual gross ton (gt) and deadweight ton (dwt)
measures. The compensated gross tons (cgt) is calculated by
multiplying the tonnage of a ship by a coefficient, which is
determined according to type and size for a particular ship. Cgt is
used as an indicator of the volume of work that is necessary to
build a given ship.

8 SSMR August 2010

Comment - passenger and cruise shipping www.isl.org

are made up of ships larger than 50,000 gt. Two decades Fig. 12: World active cruise fleet by year of build as of July 1st, 2010
ago, just two ships, the QUEEN ELIZABETH 2 (now a (No of ships and passenger capacitiy)
hotel in Dubai) and the NORWAY (already scrapped),
250
belonged to this category. No of ships
200 Capacity in 1000 berths
2.3 Ownership patterns and cruise operators
150
With 98 ships, 7.5 million gt and 191,000 beds the Carnival
Group controls 47 per cent of the world tonnage. As the 100

leading cruise shipping company in the world it offers a 50

wide array of cruise vacations.
-
The Cruise Brands under the roof of the Carnival up to 1960 1961 - 1970 1971 - 1980 1981 - 1990 1991 - 2000 2001 - 2010
Corporation & plc are located in North America, Europe,
Source: ISL Cruise Fleet Register 2010; ships of 1000 gt and over
Asia and Australia, and comprise of Carnival Cruise Lines,
Holland America Line, Princess Cruises, The Yachts of
Fig. 13: World active cruise fleet by gt-size class
Seabourn, AIDA Cruises, Costa Cruises, Cunard Line,
as of July 1st, 2010 (in gt-per cent)
Ibero Cruises, Ocean Village, P&O Cruises and P&O
Cruises Australia. up to 20,000 gt
5% 20,000 - 50,000 gt
Flagship of Carnival Cruise Lines is the CARNIVAL 100,000 gt and over 15%
DREAM built on Fincantieri’s Sestri shipyard and 33%

commissioned in 2009. The CARNIVAL DREAM 50,000 - 80,000 gt

(128,500 gt) became the 24th ship in the fleet and will carry 24%

3,600 passengers. 80,000 - 100,000 gt

23%

Her sister ships, CARNIVAL MAGIC is expected to enter

service in June 2011 while CARNIVAL BREEZE is
expected in spring of 2012. Holland America Cruises has
christened the NIEUW AMSTERDAM in 2010. It is the Source: ISL Cruise Fleet Register 2010; ships of 1000 gt and over
15th ship in the fleet of Holland America offering space for
2,106 passengers and measuring 86,700 gt.
Fig. 14: World active cruise fleet - development of the top ranking
Carnival’s Cunard Branch will take the new QUEEN
countries of domicile 2001-2010 (in 1000 gt)
ELIZABETH (now without a number) in service. She is
built at Fincantieri Monfalcone and will have her maiden 12000
voyage round the world from October on. USA Malaysia Japan Switzerland
10000
Carnival’s AIDA Cruises currently has placed an order for
their seventh vessel in six years. The vessel is planned to be 8000
delivered in early 2013. She is planed as a sister of
1000 gt

6000
AIDABLU.
Royal Caribbean’s focus on bigger ships is affirmed by the 4000
second vessel of the so called GENESIS class. The new
2000
ALLURE OF THE SEAS (225,000 gt) is the sister of the
OASIS OF THE SEAS and will enter service in late 2010, 0
offering a maximum capacity of 5,400 lower beds. 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Including the ALLURE, RCL runs 40 vessels that provide Source: ISL Cruise Fleet Register 2010; ships of 1000 gt and over
around 92,000 berths. This equates a share of 23 per cent
of the total cruise fleet, making RCL the second largest
company in the cruise business. Fig. 15: Market shares of the major cruise shipping companies in
2010 (berths per cent-share)
Recently Malaysia-based Star Cruises experienced a
renaming and is now a branch of Genting Hong Kong.
The company still is number 3 on the list of the largest Others
cruises companies. Another giant vessel recently came into 16.6%

service for Star Cruises/NCL group. The NORWEGIAN Mediterranean

Shipping Cruises
EPIC is the biggest vessel the company has ever 5.9%
Carnival
christened. With a tonnage of 153,000 gt, she has a 47.3%
Star Cruises
capacity of 4,100 passengers. 8.5%

Mediterranean Shipping Cruises (MSC) is the only true

Royal Caribbean
European owner among the larger companies. The current Cruise
orderbook includes one more 92,000 gt ship, the MSC 21.8%

FAVOLOSA, to be delivered next year. Together with the

new 2,550 passenger ship MSC MAGNIFICA in March,
the MSC fleet will count 13 units. She completes a quartet
Source: ISL Cruise Fleet Register 2010; ships of 1000 gt and over

SSMR August 2010 9

Comment – passenger and cruise shipping www.isl.org

together with the MUSICA, ORCHESTRA and POESIA. Tab. 4: The twelve top ranking cruise shipping companies 2010
The MAGNEFICA has been build at STX Europe in
average gt-% average
France and made her maiden voyage in the Mediterranean OWNER/OPERATOR Country No 1000 gt berths
1000 gt share age
Sea in February. Carnival USA 98 7500 190868 76.5 47.7 10.9
Table 8 gives an overview of the market shares of leading Royal Caribbean Cruise Norway 39 3610 87900 92.6 23.0 12.2
Star Cruises Malaysia 16 1282 34151 80.1 8.2 10.4
companies. Carnival (47.7 per cent of the beds), RCI Mediterranean Shipping Cruises Switzerland 11 919 23967 83.5 5.8 6.9
(23.0 per cent), Star (8.2 per cent) and MSC (5.8 per cent) TUI Group Germany 10 337 9912 33.7 2.1 21.5
Prestige Cruise Holidays USA 6 210 3972 35.0 1.3 10.7
are the four leading groups, but each in its own league. N.Y.K. Cruises Co. Japan 3 170 3000 56.7 1.1 14.5
Together they offer 84 per cent of the total fleet capacity. Louis Cruise Lines, Nicosia Cyprus 8 169 6934 21.2 1.1 37.3
The fifth rank, the TUI group, only has a share of about Disney Cruise Line USA 2 167 3520 83.3 1.1 12.0
Silversea Cruises USA 6 133 2040 22.1 0.8 12.5
2 per cent. Fred Olsen Cruise Lines UK 4 125 3843 31.2 0.8 29.0
Classic International Cruises Portugal 5 64 2188 12.8 0.4 53.7
2.4 Shipyard dock utilisation Phoenix Reisen, Bonn Germany 2 57 1434 28.7 0.4 28.5
Quark Expeditions Russia 6 57 674 9.5 0.4 24.5
Most of the building contracts are placed with the three Saga Shipping, London UK 3 53 1502 17.6 0.3 32.5
Others 72 875 27904 12.2 5.6 28.6
leading cruise ship builders Fincantieri, STX and Meyer
TOTAL 291 15728 403809 54.0 100.0 17.5
Werft.
Source: ISL Cruise Fleet Register 2010; ships of 1000 gt and over
Most prominent yards in building cruise ships are located
in Europe, namely Fincantieri, STX Europe (formerly Fig. 16: Cruise ships on order by gt size class (gt per cent-share)
Chantiers de l’Atlantique), Meyer Werft and last but not as of July 1st, 2010
least the other STX branch in Finland (formerly Aker up to 50,000 gt
5%
Yards).
Although the cruise industry is not hit severely by the 50,000 <80,000 gt
10%
economic crisis in the past two years, there was a lull until
recently in orders for new cruise ships. In consideration of 80,000 < 100,000
gt
100,000 gt and
the average age of the cruise fleet and the still growing over 14%
demand of cruise holidays, there is no question that more 68%

new ships will be needed. A prominent example is the

order of a new vessel for AIDA cruises at Meyer Werft
mentioned above.
However, most successful so far in acquiring orders is Source: ISL Cruise Fleet Register 2010; ships of 1000 gt and over
Fincantieri, which has already secured one order from
Carnival and two for Princess Cruises. Moreover, Fig. 17: Orderbook of Cruise ships by yard and shipping company
Fincantieri will deliver four vessels in 2011 (CARNIVAL as of July 1st, 2010 (in 1000 gt and gt per cent share)
MAGIC, COSTA FAVOLOSA, L'AUSTRAL and
MARINA) and three in 2012 (orders for Compagnie du RCL; 366
Others; 67 RCL; 225
MSC; 185
Ponant, Costa and Oceania’s Riviera). Other
Star
Yards; STX
STX France has managed to obtain an order for a single Disney Europe Cruises; 153
2.5%
Cruise; 248 20.8%
ship from MSC Cruises. Parent company STX Europe,
former Aker, has built the fifteen largest cruise vessels
AIDA; 142
ever. Most of these ships were three series for Royal
Caribbean, but they also include the NORWEGIAN EPIC
Oceania
for NCL, QUEEN MARY 2 for Cunard and several ships Cruises; 130
for MSC. Cie. Des Iles du
Carnival; 866
Ponant; 11
After STX completes the Allure of the Seas, being built in Costa; 228

Finland, and the Norwegian Epic, being built in France,
their cruise ship order books come to an end.
Meyer Werft, meanwhile, is in good shape. The
CELEBRITY ECLIPSE is delivered this year and future
orders include three vessel for 2011 (one each for Aida,
Celebrity and Disney) and three more for 2012, all sister
ships of the 2011 trio. Moreover, Meyer Werft has been
successful in winning an order for a further Aida vessel, to
be delivered in 2013.
Another European yard, niche operator T. Marriotti in
Genoa, still has two orders yet for delivery, the Seabourn
Sojourn this year (June) and Seabourn Quest in 2011, but
no orders beyond. Marriotti is at present converting the
Carnival Celebration into the Grand Celebration for
Carnival’s Spanish subsidiary Iberocruceros.
Source: ISL Cruise Fleet Register 2010; ships of 1000 gt and over
Statistical details “ ISL Cruise Fleet Register”
ƒ Cruise fleet key figures p. 43
ƒ Fleet development 1985 - 2010 p. 23
ƒ By year of build p. 24
ƒ By registered flags 2007 and 2008 p. 23
ƒ By major flags 1990, 1995, 2005 - 2008 p. 24
ƒ By countries of domicile 2008 p. 24
Statistical details “Future tonnage developments”
ƒ Cruise vessels on order for delivery in 2009 and later p. 34
SSMR Guide to relevant market information:
ƒ Fast Ferry International Ltd: Fast Ferry International
ƒ Ferry Information: Ferry compass
ƒ Informa Publishing Group: Cruise International
ƒ The Passenger Shipping Association: http://www.the-psa.co.uk
ƒ Cruise Lines International Association, Inc.: http://www.cruising.org
ƒ IMO: http://www.imo.org

10 SSMR August 2010

Definitions – Merchant Fleet and Newbuildings www.isl.org

Fleet and New Construction Data Merchant Ship Type Structures

Include all self-propelled sea-going trading ships and
passenger ships of 300 gt and over, i.e. all ships intended
for the carriage of goods and/or passengers. Naval units are
excluded. Merchant fleet tables include laid-up tonnage and
exclude US and Canadian Laker Fleet. Data are based on
quarterly updates from Lloyd's Register/Fairplay
(LR/Fairplay). Tables on merchant fleet exclude ships for
which flag is unknown, as of January 1st, 2008 1,199 ships
with 4.1 mill dwt, 2.8 mill gt and include ships with status
"continued existence in doubt".
Country of registration and country of domicile
Country of registration indicates the country of the port of
registry of a country (flag). The country of domicile indicates
where the controlling interest of the fleet is located in terms
of the parent company. This information is applicable to
merchant fleet vessels of 1000 gt and above.
Denmark includes Faeroes, Greenland.
France includes New Caledonia, French Polynesia,
Martinique, Guadeloupe, St. Pierre et Miquelon, Mayotte,
Réunion, Wallis and Futuna Islands, French Austral and
Antarctic Territories (Kerguelen), French Guyana.
Netherlands includes Netherlands Antilles, Aruba.
Portugal includes Madeira.
Spain includes Canary Islands.
UAE includes Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ras El Khaimah,
Ajman, Fujairah, Umn al Qauiwain.
Yemen, Rep. of, includes former Yemen, PDR of, and
Yemen Arab. Rep.
UK includes Isle of Man, Channel Islands, Br. Virgin Islands,
Montserrat, St. Helena, Turks and Caicos Islands, Anquilla
and Falkland Island.
US includes Puerto Rico, Pacific Islands, Northern Mariana
Islands.
For further explanation (e.g. Analytical Groups of
Countries) please visit: www.isl.org/infoline
Based on „An International Classification of Ships by Type“
(ICST (1994)
Definition of terms used in merchant ship structures type
classification.
Tanker: Single-deck vessel constructed and arranged for
the carriage of liquid cargoes in tanks integral to the hull and
include crude oil or non-hazardous (IMO code) refined
products.
Chemical tanker: Vessel constructed and arranged for
carrying hazardous (IMO code) cargoes in special tanks.
Liquid gas tanker: Vessel constructed and arranged for the
carriage of liquefied gases either in integral tanks or
independent
tanks under pressure or refrigerated.
Dry Bulk: Dry cargo vessel. One deck, machinery aft with
topside tanks capable of carrying a variety of self-trimming
cargoes.
Ore Carrier (Bulk Carrier): Dry cargo vessel, one deck,
strengthening for ore cargoes.
Ore/Bulk/Oil Carrier (OBO): Bulk carrier arranged for the
carriage of either bulk dry cargoes or liquid cargoes in the
same cargo spaces but not simultaneously.
General Cargo: Single or multi-deck general dry cargo
vessel with facilities for loading/ discharging cargo.
Specialised Carrier (Special Ship): Dry cargo vessel
specially designed for the carriage of particular cargoes, incl.
car-carriers.
Reefer: Specialised dry cargo vessel with 80 % or more
insulated cargo space.
RoRo Cargo/RoRo Passenger: Vessel arranged for Roll-on
Roll-off loading / discharging of vehicles (road and/or rail)
as cargo and / or passenger conveyances.
Container Ship (Fully Cellular Container Ships): Vessel
fitted throughout with fixed or portable cell guides for the
carriage of containers above and below the weather deck.
Passenger: Vessel which carries more than 12 fare paying
passengers whether berthed or unberthed (ferries).

For further explanation (e.g. Tonnage Specification)

Broken-up Tonnage please visit: www.isl.org/infoline
includes ships sold for breaking. Figures on broken-up
tonnage are not revised if vessels reported for breaking are
trading again.

Basic Ship Type Structure and ISL Ship Type Aggregates

MERCHANT SHIP STRUCTURES ISL SHIP TYPES
Special Fleet Report Broken-up tonnage etc.
LIQUID Oil tankers - Crude oil tankers Oil tankers Tankers
- Crude/products tankers " "
- Products tankers " "
- Oil/chemical tankers " "
- Other tankers " "
Chemical tankers - Chemical tankers Chemical tankers Tankers
- other chemical tankers " "
Liquid gas tankers - LNG carriers Liquid gas tankers Tankers
- LPG carriers " "
- other liquid gas carriers " "
DRY BULK Bulk carriers - Ore carriers Bulk carriers Bulk carriers
- other bulk carriers " "
OBO carriers - Ore/bulk/oil carriers OBO carriers Bulk carriers
- Ore/oil carriers " "
- Bulk/oil carriers " "
OHTER DRY CARGO General cargo ships of which General cargo ships, of which General cargo ships, of
- Single-deck ships Conventional cargo ships which
- Multi-deck ships Special ships Single-deck ships
- Special ships Reefer ships Multi-deck ships
- Reefer ships RoRo cargo ships (a)
- RoRo cargo ships (a)
(a)
Container ships - Fully cellular container Container ships Container ships
ships
Passenger and cargo of which Passenger and cargo passenger ships, Passenger ships
passenger ships (b) of which
- Passenger ships Passenger ships "
- Cargo/RoRo passenger ships Cargo/RoRo passenger ships "
(a) Included in General Cargo Ships.
(b) Including ships (berthed and unberthed) for passenger transport and passenger carrying vessels like general cargo passenger ships, ro-ro
passenger ships (ferries).

For further explanation (e.g. Trade and Traffic Statistics) please visit: www.isl.org/infoline

SSMR August 2010 11

Glossary
Deadweight tonnage (dwt):
Unit of measurement expressed in tonnes of the maximum
permitted load of a ship (i.e. the weight of cargo, passengers,
fuel, stores and crew) when loaded down to its maximum
summer load line.
Dry Cargo:
Said of any commodity which is not a liquid.
Feeder Service:
Service provided by a shipping line whereby small ships
carry cargoes regularly between ports which are served by a
large ocean ship, often called hub ports, and ports which are
not, for the reason that cargoes to and from these smaller
ports are not sufficient to warrant putting in a large ship but
are transhipped to or from the ship. In the case of port to
port tariffs, normally the shipping line charges a through
rate of freight which includes the cost of transhipment.
Feeder Ship:
Small ship, provided by a shipping line, which carries
cargoes between ports which are served by a large ocean
ship and ports which are not. The cargoes are transhipped,
normally at the expense of the shipping line, to or from the
ocean ship.
Flag of Convenience:
Registration of a ship in a country whose tax on the profits
of trading ships is low or whose requirements concerning
manning or maintenance are not stringent. Sometimes
referred to as a flag of necessity.
flag out (to):
To change the registration of a ship to another country.
Normally, flagging out is to a flag of convenience country in
order to reduce the operating costs of the ship, either in
terms of manning or maintenance, or to reduce the tax
payable on the profits of trading the ship.
Freight Rate:
Amount of money paid to a shipowner or shipping line for
the carriage of each unit of cargo, such as a tonne, a cubic
metre or container load. Also referred to as a rate of freight.
Freight ton:
A unit of volume or weight used for quoting freight rates, in
which 40 cu.ft. or 2,240 lbs. are taken as the equivalent of
one ton. Also called stevedore ton. The measurement or
weight is generally at ship's option. For freight purposes the
term ton may also be applied to a number of hundered
weights to be the equivalent of one ton and varying
according to the goods. Abbreviated to FT.
General Cargo:
Cargo consisting of goods unpacked or packed, for example
in cartons, crates, bags or bales, often palletised, but
specifically not cargo shipped in bulk, on trailers or in
shipping containers. A general cargo ship is one designed to
carry such cargo, often having several decks because of the
number of ports served and the range of products carried.
Grain or Grain Capacity:
Total cubic capacity of a ship's holds available for the
carriage of grain or any other free-flowing bulk cargo which
is capable of filling the space between the ship's frames. It is
expressed in cubic feet or cubic metres. (Where a cargo is
12 SSMR August 2010
www.isl.org
solid and therefore not capable of filling the spaces between
the ship's frames, the corresponding capacity is known as
the bale or bale capacity.)
Gross tonnage (gt):
gt indicates that the ship has been measured in accordance
with the requirements of the International Convention on
Tonnage Measurement of Ships 1969 and is derived by
formula in accordance with those requirements. This Gross
Tonnage is broadly, the capacity in cubic feet of the spaces
within the hull, and of the enclosed spaces above the deck
available for cargo, stores, fuel, passengers and crew, with
certain exceptions, divided by 100. Thus, 100 cubic feet of
capacity is equivalent to 1 gross ton.
Handymax:
A small bulk or oil tanker vessel of 40,000 to 60,000 dwt
that is a larger version of the popular Handysize vessel.
Handysize
A small bulk or oil tanker vessel that is suited to tie up at a
T2 type pier. These vessels are a maxiumum of 10,000 to
40,000 dwt. These vessels are more maneuverable and have
a shallower draft than larger vessels and therefore make up
the majority of the world’s ocean-going cargo fleet.
Harbour ton:
1000 kg or 1 cubic metre which ever yields the highest
tonnage. Abbreviated to HT.
Hinterland:
The area behind the port.
Hub (Port):
Large port intended to attract transhipment cargoes from an
to other, smaller, ports, as well as inland locations. It is
designed to be more efficient than smaller ports by virtue of
its location, handling and storage facilities, and inland
transport connections. It is used by large, modern ocean-
going vessels, with cargo moving to an from it by all means
of transport, including feeder ships and landbridges. Also
called load centre.
Hub and Spoke:
System of feeding cargoes to and from a large port, known
as a hub.
Intermodal Transport:
Carriage of a consignment of goods using more than one
mode of transport, e.g. rail and sea.
Liner Service:
Service provided by a shipping company whereby cargo-
carrying ships are operated between scheduled, advertised
ports of loading and discharging on a regular basis. The
freight rates which are charged are based on the shipping
company's tariff or, if the company is a member of a liner
conference, the tariff of that conference.
Net tonnage (nt):
nt is derived from the corresponding Gross Tonnage by
deducting spaces used for the accomodation of the master,
officers, crew, navigation and propelling machinery. Nt is
derived by formula in accordance with the requirements of
the International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of
Ships 1969.
Glossary
Open Registry:
Registration in a country which is open to owners who have
no link in terms of nationality with the country where the
ship is registered. Sometimes open registers are known as
flags of convenience if the registration requirements
concerning manning or maintenance are not stringent, or
where tax is low.
Panama Canal Restrictions:
The current maximum dimensions allowed by the Panama
Canal Authority are 294.13 m (965 ft) length, 32.31 m (106
ft) breadth, and 12.04 m (39 ft 6 in.) draft in tropical fresh
water. These limitations enable vessels to navigate the three
sets of canal locks, Gatun Locks, Pedro Miguel Locks, and
Miraflores Locks.
Panamax (Ship):
Ship capable of transiting the Panama Canal (see Panama
Canal restrictions), as distinct from post-Panamax ships
which are too large. There are two main categories: Panamax
bulk carrier of about 60-80,000 t deadweight, and Panamax
containership of about 4,000-5,000 TEUs with 13 TEUs
across the breadth.
Post-Panamax (Ship):
Ship so large that she cannot transit the Panama Canal.
There are three main categories: Post-Panamax bulk carrier,
Post-Panamax tanker, and Post-Panamax containership of
about 5,000-9,000 TEUs with 17 or more TEUs across the
breadth. The largest of these are sometimes referred to as
super post-Panamax containerships or post-Panamax plus
containerships.
Revenue ton (U.S.):
A unit of cargo measurement found in all ports of the
United States. It can not be defined in units either of weight
or of space occupied by the cargo as it varies from port to
port, from line to line, and from ship to ship, depending on
the customs of the port and the nature of the cargo carried
by the individual vessel. For any one port, however, and
particularly for any one group of ships specializing in the
same trade and carrying approximately the same kind of
commodities the revenue ton represents a tangible unit of
cargo measurement and is frequently used as the only means
of expressing the total cargo of the ships.
All United States ships show on their manifests their total
revenue tonnage, and very often they also indicate the total
weight of the cargo in long tons. Abbreviated to RT
Ro-Ro/Container Vessel:
Ship which carries shipping containers and has cell guides
within which to accommodate them; she also has decks to
take roll-on roll-off cargo. Also known as a con-ro ship.
Slot:
Compartment in the hold of a containership into which a
shipping container fits exactly. It is used in preference to the
alternative term 'cell' when referring to the number of such
compartments on a ship and the arrangements sometimes
made between different shipping lines to pool capacity or
between a shipping line and a groupage operator or non
vessel operating carrier (NVOC) to make use of space on
the ship.
SSMR August 2010
www.isl.org
Slot Charter:
The chartering in of a ship by a fleet operator for a specific
voyage when none of the ships in the fleet is available.
Stowage:
The act of carefully placing various merchandise nearest to
each other in a hold of a ship without the least possible loss
of spacing and in such a safe manner as to render the ship
cargo worthy and sea-worthy. The word stowage may also
refer to the charges made for stowing cargo in a ship.
Suezmax:
Maximum size of ship of certain categories capable of
transitting the Suez Canal. The most common is the
Suezmax tanker of 120-200,000 t deadweight and the
Suezmax containership, which has a container capacity of
about 12,000 TEUs.
TEU:
Twenty foot equivalent unit(s).
Time Charter:
The hiring of a ship from a shipowner for a period of time.
Under this type of contract, the shipowner places his ship,
with crew and equipment, at the disposal of the charterer,
for which the charterer pays hire money. Subject to any
restrictions in the contract, the charterer decides the type
and quantity of cargo to be carried and the ports of loading
and discharging. He is responsible for supplying the ship
with bunkers and for the payment of cargo to be carried and
the port of loading and discharging. He is responsible for
supplying the ship with bunkers and for the payment of
cargo handling operations, port charges, pilotage, towage
and ship's agency. The technical operation and navigation of
the ship remain the responsibility of the shipowner. A ship
hired in this way is said to be on time charter. Abbreviation
for time charter-party.
Transhipment:
Transfer of goods from one ship to another. This transfer
may be direct or it may be necessary to discharge the goods
on to the quay prior to loading them on to the second ship,
or on to vehicles should the second ship be loading at a
different berth. Alternative spellings are transhipment and
trans-shipment.
Turn (a ship) round (to):
To bring a ship into port, load or discharge her and sail her
from the port. This term is most often used in connection
with the time taken to carry out this operation.
Uncontainerisible Cargo:
Cargo which because of its overall dimensions will not fit
into or onto a single shipping container. On routes which
are fully containerised, such cargo can sometimes be
accommodated on two or more flatracks or platform flats.
Cargo is also considered uncontainerisible if it is too heavy
for a single container. In this case, it may be secured on the
deck of a ship. Often abbreviated to uncon.
SOURCE: Based on various sources, among others: Dictionary of
Shipping Terms (Fourth Edition); Glossary of Maritime Technology;
The Marine Encyclopaedic Dictionary.
13

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Literature data base ISL-SEABASE
The literature database ISL-SEABASE serves the public with
approx. 101,500 bibliographic records (state 01/2010) as an
important pool of knowledge for the industry, research and
science.
Services
- Short Information - Special Client Profiles
- Investigations about Literature - Complete Text Service
and Facts (within the scope of
copyright)
Online searches at www.isl.org/library
www.isl.org