HIV/AIDS

Usama Zulfiqar
TPJ3M0-A
Mr. D Anderson
2021-10-11
Section 1: Description, Cause & Symptoms
HIV/AIDS: Description
○ HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus
○ Infect CD4 cells, also called T cells
○ Targets the immune system;
○ Weakens the immune system over time
○ When left untreated, HIV progresses
into AIDS
○ Normal level of CD4 cells: 500-1500
cells/mm3
○ AIDS: when CD4 levels drop below
200/mm3
○ High risk of succumbing to infections
HIV (yellow) attacking human cell (blue)
○ More susceptible to cancer
HIV/AIDS: Description contd.

○ 3 stages:
◈ Acute HIV: flu-like symptoms
that presents over the days and
weeks following infection
◈ Chronic HIV: the
asymptomatic stage, which can
last many years.
◈ AIDS: when level of CD4
cells falls below 200/mm3
Physical Appearance
○ Skin Rash

○ Mouth Ulcers

○ Swollen Lymph Nodes

Causes
○ HIV is spread through bodily fluids
◈ Blood, semen, vaginal fluid, rectal fluid &
breast milk
○ Unprotected sex
○ Sharing contaminated hypodermic
needles
○ Cutting/Piercing with unsterile
instruments
○ Accidental needle prick with
contaminated needle
○ Can be passed from Mother to child
Symptoms
○ Fever
○ Chills
○ Rash
○ Night sweats
○ Muscle aches
○ Sore throat
○ Mouth ulcers
○ Swollen lymph nodes
○ Headache
○ Weight loss
○ Diarrhea
Section 2: Treatment & Prevention
Prevention
○ Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)
○ Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP)
○ Needle exchange programs
○ Safe sex
○ Male circumcision
○ Do not under any circumstances share
drug paraphernalia
Treatment Option #1: Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)
○ Combinations of antiretroviral
medications

○ Slows the duplication of HIV

○ Aims to reduce the amount of virus in

the body to an undetectable level
Treatment Option #2: Stem Cell Therapy
○ Stem cell transplants replace native
white blood cells with HIV-resistant
ones

○ Done for the first time in 2009

○ Allows for total recovery

○ 3 people have been totally cured

○ No need for ART after stem cell

therapy
Section 3: Disease Profile
HIV / AIDS Description: HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system; specifically CD4
cells. Over time, CD4 levels fall below 200/mm3, and a patient is diagnosed
with AIDS. In the AIDS stage, a patient is at high risk of succumbing to
infection, as well as elevated risk of certain types of cancer

Causes: Spread through contact with infected bodily fluids (limited to blood,
semen, vaginal and rectal fluid,& breastmilk)

Symptoms: Including, but not limited to fever, chills, rash, mouth ulcers,
swollen lymph nodes and headache

Healthy Skin Prevention: Protected sex, avoidance of contaminated needles and

injecting,cutting equipment, use of PrEP

Treatment:

○ ART; prevent the further multiplication and spread of HIV. Does not cure,
but prevents virus from worsening
○ Stem cell therapy; introduces HIV-resistant stem cells, which produce
resistant white blood cells, which over time eradicates the virus from the
body
AIDS-infected skin
Works Cited
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