EXERCISES (ELEMENTARY STATISTIC AND PROBABILITY)

I. Identify the following:

____________1. It is the branch of science that deals with studies involving collection, organization,
presentation, analysis, interpretation, and drawing conclusions from the data.
____________2. It is the type of statistical analysis which helps to describes about the data in some
meaningful way.
____________3. It is the type of statistics which deals with making conclusions and in making inferences about
the predictions for the population.
____________4. It is defined as the whole set of data, individuals, events or objects etc on which the
researcher is performing research.
____________5. It is a subset of the population.
____________6. These are data which are numerical in nature. These data can be ordered or ranked, such as
age, height, test scores, and weights.
____________7. These are data that can be placed into categories according to their characteristics or
attributes.
____________8. It is one which can assume all values between any two specific values or intervals. The values
are obtained through measurement.
____________9. It assumes values that can be counted and their values are represented by counting
numbers only.
____________10. It is a statistical procedure that is concerned with the selection of the individual
observation.
____________11. It is a proportion from strata of the population is selected using simple random sampling.

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____________12. It is a characteristic of a population or sample which makes one different from other.

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____________13. It is affected or influenced by another variable
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____________14. It is sometimes called an experimental or predictor variable, is a variable that is being
manipulated in an experiment in order to observe the effect on a dependent variable,

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sometimes called an outcome variable.
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____________15. It is a value or measure obtained from population, ex: mean, median, standard deviation
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____________16. It is any value or measurement obtained from a sample.

____________17. These are variables that have two or more categories, but which do not have an intrinsic
order and by means of assigning classification
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____________18. These are variables that have two or more categories just like nominal variables only the
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categories can also be ordered or ranked.

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____________19. It specifies the precise difference or distance between or among the values or ranks.
____________20. It is the divisions between the points on the scale have an equivalent distance between
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them.
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ANSWERS:
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1. Statistics 11. Stratified Simple Random Sampling

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2. Descriptive Statistics 12. Variable

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3. Inferential Statistics 13. Dependent Variable

4. Population 14. Independent Variable
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5. Sample 15. Parameter

6. Quantitative Data 16. Statistic
7. Qualitative Data 17. Nominal Level of Measurement
8. Continuous Data 18. Ordinal Level of Measurement
9. Discrete Data 19. Interval Level of Measurement
10. Sampling 20. Ratio Level of Measurement

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 II. Determine whether the following situation is a descriptive statistics of inferential statistics.
____________1. The property custodian makes an inventory of the cabinets, chairs, tables, blackboards, and
electric fans of each classrooms.
____________2. The sale supervisor makes a comparison between morning and afternoon sales, factory sales,
and outlet sales.
____________3. The chairman of the board of judges summarizes the points of all judges to determine the
top three winners.
____________4. The sports newscaster getting the percentage of ball conversion in 3-point shooting and
inside perimeter shooting.
____________5. A planning officer forecasting the future sales of the product.
____________6. A teacher arranges the score obtained by his students in attest to determine the median.
____________7. A researcher analyzes from the survey results the best that correlates to job satisfaction, high
salary, work environment, or future advancement.
____________8. A guidance counsellor getting a survey of the parents’ perceptions on the sexual harassment
laws.
____________9. A store owner finds out from his daily sales that 80% of sales are from soft drinks.

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____________10. A medical researcher studies the effectiveness of a new medicine in patients with heart

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ANSWERS:

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1. Descriptive Statistics 6. Descriptive Statistics
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2. Inferential Statistics 7. Inferential Statistics

3. Descriptive Statistics 8. Inferential Statistics
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4. Descriptive Statistics 9. Descriptive Statistics

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5. Inferential Statistics 10. Descriptive Statistics

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III. Classify each as continuous or discrete data.

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____________1. Height of players

____________2. Number of students in the class
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____________3. Speed of sound

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____________4. Number of vehicles in Metro Manila

____________5. All counting numbers
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____________6. Amount of expenses of the President

____________7. Length of a skirt
____________8. Area of the Philippines in square kilometers
____________9. Number of hours of sleep
____________10. Total number of kilometer travelled

ANSWERS:
1. Continuous Data 6. Continuous Data
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 2. Discrete Data 7 Continuous Data
3. Continuous Data 8. Continuous Data
4. Discrete Data 9. Continuous Data
5. Discrete Data 10. Continuous Data

IV. Enumerate the following:

1. Name the two major divisions of inferential statistics.
 Confidence Interval
 Hypothesis Test

2. Give the six differences between descriptive and inferential statistics.

1. The descriptive statistics gives a description about a sample, while the inferential statistics predicts and
infers about a much larger data or population.
2. Descriptive statistics just describes the certain characteristics about a data. Whereas, inferential statistics
deeply analyzes the statistical data and observations.
3. Descriptive statistics deals with central tendency and spread of the frequency distribution. While in

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inferential statistics, more details such as hypothesis tests and confidence interval are studied.

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4. The measures of descriptive statistics (mean, median, and mode) are numbers. On the other hand, the

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measures in inferential statistics are not always exact numbers.
5. Descriptive statistics deals with small samples which enables us to produce results without errors. But

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inferential statistics takes whole population for drawing conclusions which may not have the extent of
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required accuracy .
6. In descriptive statistics, the conclusions cannot be made beyond the given data. In inferential statistics,
the educated predictions and guesses can be made on the basis of the parameters of the given population,
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it does not matter how big the population is.

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3. List four examples of descriptive statistics:

Estimation of number of students (boys and girls separately) in a school.

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 Population of Particular County or city.
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 Frequency of the variables.

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 Estimation of number of damaged or cavity teeth by a dentist.

4. List four examples of inferential statistics:

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Average marks obtained by all the students.

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Grades or percentile of the scores.

Average score in cricket.
Prediction by a dentist about the teeth those are susceptible to have cavity or damage in future.
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5. Name the six types of random sampling.

1. Simple Random Sampling 4. Multistage Stratified Random Sampling

2. Equal Probability Systematic Sampling 5. Cluster Sampling
3. Stratified Simple Random Sampling 6. Multistage Cluster Sampling

6. Give the six types of non-random sampling.

1. Availability Sampling 4. Analyzing non-response samples

2. Quota Sampling 5. Weighting
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3. Expert Sampling 6. Dealing with missing data
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 7. State the four level of measurement

 Nominal Level of Measurement

 Ordinal Level of Measurement
 Interval Level of Measurement
 Ratio Level of Measurement

8. Give six sources of primary data.

1. Personal Investigation 4. Through Local Sources

2. Through Investigation 5. Through Telephone
3. Through Questionnaire 6. Through Internet

9. Give five sources of secondary data.

1. Government Organization 4. Research Journals and Newspaper

2. Semi- Government Organization 5. Internet

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3. Teaching and Research Organization

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10. Name the two branches of statistics.
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1. Descriptive Statistics
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2. Inferential Statistics
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V. ESSAY
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1. Why we study Statistics?

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Statistics it's e a basic tool of study, and one must be conversant in statistical concepts to grasp analytical
efforts. Add many professions requires individuals to evaluate existing analyses and also to style and conduct
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some study.
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Statistics provide efficient and precise ways of describing real-world phenomena resulting from the
gathering or collecting of “good data”. The processes of collecting, organizing, analyzing, interpreting, and
most significantly presentation of results provide organizations the data to “do what they do” efficiently and
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effectively.
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