2. The energy wasted in a machine because of friction is in the form of heat.

3. The disadvantage of burning both fossil fuels and biomass is that they produce carbon dioxide, a
greenhouse gas.

5. At present most of our electricity is produced by burning fossil fuels or using nuclear fuels. All of
these fuels are non-renewable. They have a limited lifespan and their extraction does great damage to
the landscape. New ways of generating electricity are necessary to make the existing supplies of fossil
fuels and nuclear fuels last longer and to replace them when they eventually run out.

7. The main energy changes at a fun fair are the conversion of electrical energy into light, sound, and
kinetic energies.

6. It is not possible to show all possible ways in which electrical energy can be changed into other forms
of energy in the home. However, a few examples are shown here:
8. Some of the ways to save energy in the home include the following.

Switch off lights, fans, heaters or air conditioning units when no one is in the room.

Switch off television sets, radios, and computers when no one is watching them, listening to them, or
using them.

Do not leave these appliances on ‘stand by’.

Choose and buy electrical appliances which use less energy but do the same work as other less efficient
ones.

Wherever possible, use energy-efficient light bulbs.

Put on a jumper rather than turn up the heating in cold weather.

Do not waste water. Take a shower rather than a bath.

Open the fridge door as little as possible. When warm air gets in, extra electricity is needed to cool it
down again.

Recycle cans, bottles, and waste paper, and also, where possible, plastic.

When leaving home, walk or cycle short distances rather than travel by car.

For longer distances, trains and buses use less energy per person than a car does.
Take your own strong bag when you go shopping, rather than use a flimsy plastic bag which has been
made from oil.

9. Heat is a form of energy. It is really the effect of the movement energy of molecules. If we heat a
substance we make its molecules move faster. Heat flows between things that have different
temperatures—it flows from hotter things to cooler things. The hotter something is, the more energy it
has. Temperature is a measure of the average energy of molecules or, in simple terms, it is a measure of
how hot or cold an object or material is.

10. a) When you talk on the telephone you are changing sound energy to electrical energy. The receiving
telephone changes electrical energy back to sound energy.

b) A solar-powered calculator converts light energy from the Sun into electrical energy. When you press
the keys of the calculator, you are changing chemical energy in your food into movement or kinetic
energy.

c) A wind turbine is turned by the kinetic energy of the wind and so produces electrical energy.

d) As the skydiver prepares to jump from the aircraft he has a lot of gravitational potential energy
because of the height or altitude of the aircraft above the ground. As the skydiver falls, the gravitational
potential energy is changed to kinetic energy.

11. An aircraft in flight has kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy. Its unused fuel is also a
store of chemical energy. A slice of bread has chemical energy. A bungee jumper about to jump off a
bridge has gravitational potential energy. A car at the top of a rollercoaster also has gravitational
potential energy.

12. If you drop a plate on the floor, gravitational potential energy changes to kinetic energy.

13. Water at the top of a hill has gravitational potential energy. It has gained this energy either by being
pumped up to the top of the hill or, more likely, because the fall of rain from the clouds above (which
had gravitational potential energy) was interrupted by the presence of the hill.

14. Wind farms built on land are relatively less expensive to construct, although some people think they
are an eyesore. They can also be noisy, affect television reception, and kill birds in flight. However, it is
relatively inexpensive to move the electricity that has been generated to where it is needed. Wind farms
built offshore are more expensive to construct and it is more expensive to move the electricity to the
land where it is needed. Migrating birds can also be killed by the wind turbines and they can be a hazard
to shipping. However, the wind usually blows more often and more strongly offshore than on land, and
so more electricity can be generated.

15. The main uses of energy in a large office block would be in the heating or air-conditioning of the
building, the use of electricity to work the computers, telephones, fax machines, photocopiers and other
devices, and the use of electricity to clean the building.
16. Biomass is a renewable fuel, but not a ‘clean’ fuel because, when it is burned, biomass produces
carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, as well as smoke and soot (particulates).

17. The renewable energy sources that would be suitable for schools are most likely to be solar power
and wind power.

18. Three sources of energy which do not come directly or indirectly from the Sun are nuclear energy,
geothermal energy, and energy from the tides.

19. Apart from causing congestion and road accidents, cars that are fuelled by petrol or oil are major
polluters of the air.

Question 2 Scientists say energy is

(A) the total work done (B) the ability to do work

(C) the need to do work (D) how much a body moves

Question 3: Which of the following is NOT a form of energy?

(A) electricity (B) gravity (C) sound (D) light

Question 4: Which one of the following is a fossil fuel?

(A) coal (B) wood (C) uranium (D) hydrogen

Question 5 : Batteries store

(A) electrical energy (B) mechanical energy (C) nuclear energy (D) chemical energy
Question 6: Food is a source of
 (A) kinetic energy (B) chemical energy (C) mechanical energy (D) sound energy
Question 7: Which one of the following does NOT have kinetic energy?

(A) a ball at the highest point when thrown up (B) a rock falling down a cliff

(C) a jet plane taking off (D) the wind blowing

Question 8 : The Earth’s main energy source is

(A) fossil fuels (B) electricity (C) the Sun (D) nuclear power

Question 9 : Which one of these energy sources is likely to run out if the world continues to use energy
at the present rate?

(A) tidal power (B) wind power (C) solar power (D) oil

Question 10: At a hydroelectric power station in Wales, during the night when few people are using
electricity, extra electricity is used to pump water back to the reservoir. Choose what you think is the
BEST explanation for this

(A) It prevents the generators from wearing out.

(B) It stores energy for use the following day.

(C) Water is a good conductor of electricity.

(D) It keeps the pipes full of water.

Question 11 : A toy police car has an electric motor powered by a battery. The car has lights and a siren,
as well as the motor. a) What is the energy source in the toy police car?

(A) the lights (B) the motor (C) the siren (D) the battery

b): What kind of useful energy is produced by the car’s motor?

(A) heat energy (B) light energy (C) kinetic energy (D) sound energy

c): What kind of energy is wasted by the car’s motor?

(A) heat energy (B) light energy (C) kinetic energy (D) sound energy

Question 13 a) Which of these stores of energy is the odd one out?

A) food we eat B) petrol for a car

C) the string in a bow D) the wax of a candle

b) : Why have you chosen that particular one as the odd one out?
c): What form of potential energy is stored in the others?

Question 14 Which of these statements about energy are TRUE and which are FALSE?

a) Energy is not made or destroyed, it is just moved from place to place.

b) Energy is sometimes used up, such as when a battery runs out.

c) When energy is moved or transferred it is not always in the form we want.

d) Most of the energy moved or transferred by a light bulb goes into lighting the surroundings.

e) Most of the energy we use comes directly or indirectly from fossil fuels. 1

Question 15 a) Where does almost all of the Earth’s energy come from?

b) How can this energy source be used directly?

c) What is the disadvantage of using this energy source directly?

d) Why are coal, oil, and natural gas called fossil fuels?
e) Are fossil fuels renewable or non-renewable?

f) Explain your answer.

g) Which gas is released when both fossil fuels and biomass are burned?

h) What do we call the effect this gas has in the upper atmosphere?

i) What do scientists believe this effect is doing to the world’s climate?

Question 16: Most power stations use fossil fuels to provide the energy to turn their generators. Fossil
fuels are nonrenewable. The table below gives some estimates of the length of time some of the
different energy sources will last if we go on using them at the present rate.

a) Which fossil fuel has the largest supplies?

b) Suggest two reasons why the energy sources might last longer than predicted.
c) What is meant by renewable?
d) d) Explain why it is important to make greater use of renewable energy resources.

Question 17 : The Wazir family are attending a firework display at their son’s school.

a) Apart from the gunpowder burning in the fireworks, name one other material that is burning in
one of the fireworks?

b) What energy changes take place when one of the fireworks is set alight?

c) After the firework has finished burning, what is the name of the black substance that is left in the
casing of the firework?

d) One rocket came down onto some rubbish and started a small fire. Apart from water, name ONE
other material that could be used to put out the fire?

e) Explain how the use of this material stops fires.

4. Coal is the remains of dead plants, often trees, which died many millions of years ago. While they
were alive, these plants used the Sun’s energy to produce their food. When they died, they fell to the
ground in swampy places and as they rotted they were gradually covered by mud. The weight on top
gradually forced out the oxygen and hydrogen from the plant remains, leaving carbon. This changed the
partly rotted plants first to peat, then to lignite, and finally to coal. Oil is the remains of tiny plants and
animals, called plankton, which lived in the sea. While they were alive, the tiny plants used the Sun’s
energy to make their food by photosynthesis. The tiny animals fed on the tiny plants. When the
plankton organisms died, they sank to the bottom and were covered by layers of mud and sand. As
there was no oxygen, they could not rot and so their energy remained trapped inside them. As millions
of years went by, the remains were buried deeper and deeper, and bacteria, heat and the pressure of
the water, mud and sand above them slowly changed them to oil.