Classroom worksheet

Chapter 1 Introduction to biology

Name: ( ) Class: Date:

1.1 Biology─the science of life

 Biology (生物學) is the scientific study of (1) (生物).

A. The characteristics of life

Seven typical characteristics of life

(2) Organisms need food for energy and nutrients to carry out the vital
(營養) functions of life.

 Animals: eat plants or other animals

 Green plants: make their own food by (3)

(4) Organisms use food molecules to make (5) available

(呼吸作用) for body activities.

(6) Organisms remove (7) produced by chemical reactions

(排泄) occurring in their bodies.

 Animals: in the form of exhaled gas, sweat and urine

 Plants: shed leaves, excrete as resin

(8) Organisms have the ability to detect and respond changes in their
(感應性) environment.

 Animals: have sensory organs and muscular systems to detect and

respond to stimuli
 Plants: detect and grow towards light and water

(9)  Animals: move around to search for food, to find mates and to escape
(運動) from danger
 Plants: shoots grow towards light

(10) Increase in body size and (11)

(生長)

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Classroom worksheet 1 Introduction to biology

Seven typical characteristics of life

(12) Organisms produce (13) to ensure the continuity of life.

(生殖)

B. Biologists study organisms at various levels

Biology can be divided into many branches. Match the following branches with the corresponding
description.

Branches Description

Biochemistry   study of cells

Cytology   study of biological molecules and the

chemical processes within living organisms

Anatomy   study of the pattern and mechanisms of

inheritance

Physiology   study of the identification and classification

of organisms

Genetics   study of body structures and organization

Taxonomy   study of how the bodies of organisms

function

Ecology   study of interactions among organisms and

their interactions with environments

Evolutionary biology   use of biological processes, biological

systems or organisms to make useful products

Biotechnology   study of the mechanism of evolution

Practise…
 Checkpoint (Coursebook p.1-6)

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Classroom worksheet 1 Introduction to biology

1.2 The significance of studying biology

 Many biological discoveries (e.g. the discovery of the structure of the DNA) and
(14) have greatly improved our living standards and aim at protecting the
environment.

 Studying biology helps us:

➢ understand the structures and functioning of organisms

➢ appreciate the complexity and (15) of organisms

➢ develop a (16) for living things and the environment

➢ prepare for future education and career

1.3 The process of scientific investigation

A. The scientific method

 Scientific method (科學方法) is a series of processes to seek explanations.

 Make (17)

 Scientists observe carefully and are curious about any unexplained phenomenon.

 Ask relevant questions

 They ask questions about the causes of their observations.

 Propose a (18) (假說) and make a prediction

 Scientists propose an explanation to the question based on their prior knowledge and
experience.

 They (19) what the results will be if the hypothesis is correct.

(Cont’d)
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Classroom worksheet 1 Introduction to biology

 Design and conduct experiments

 Scientists then design and conduct an experiment to test the hypothesis.

 They record the results.

 (20) data and draw a conclusion

 Scientists analyse the data obtained from experiments.

 If the data provide evidence to support the hypothesis, then it is valid.

 If the data provide no evidence to support the hypothesis, scientists will revise or reject the
invalid hypothesis.

B. Control experiments

 Control experiment (對照實驗) involves two set-ups, an experimental set-up and a control
set-up.

Redi’s experiment on whether maggots on the meat are produced by flies

(21) set-up (22) set-up

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Classroom worksheet 1 Introduction to biology

 (23) variable (自變量) is the factor under investigation.

Whether flies can access the meat or not

 (24) variable (因變量) is the factor that changes according to the

independent variable.

Whether maggots appear on the meat or not

 Control variables (控制變量) are factors that are kept (25) to ensure the
investigation is a fair test.

 Variations exist among same species of organisms. Using a large sample size of specimens in
the investigation can (26) the effect of individual differences.

Practical 1.1 Designing an investigation to find a method to slow the browning of apple
pieces
Refer to Coursebook p.1-12 and SBA Practical Workbook p.1-1.

Practise…
 Checkpoint (Coursebook p.1-12)
 5-minute quiz: Ch 1, Quiz 1

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