Biology The Essentials 1st Edition Hoefnagels Test Bank

Biology The Essentials 1st Edition
Hoefnagels Test Bank

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Chapter 09 - Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis
Chapter 09
Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Chromosomes that look alike and carry the same sequence of genes for the same traits are
A. the X and Y chromosome.
B. all the autosomes.
C. homologous chromosomes.
D. found in females only.
E. found in males only.
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 09.02.02 Describe the role of homologous chromosomes in sexual
reproduction.
Section: 09.02
Topic: Meiosis
2. Meiosis is a process that produces

A. sperm cells.
B. egg cells.
C. gametes.
D. haploid cells.
E. All answers are correct.

Learning Outcome: 09.03.01 Explain the roles of meiosis, gamete formation, and fertilization
in sexual reproduction.
Section: 09.03
Topic: Meiosis
9-1
3. The process by which a bacterium uses a sex pilus to transfer genetic information to
another bacterium is
A. meiosis.
B. mutation.
C. mitosis.
D. conjugation.
E. sexual reproduction.

Learning Outcome: 09.00.01 Explain how genetic information is passed from one generation
to the next.
Section: 09.01
Topic: Meiosis
4. Sexual reproduction is important to the survival of a species in a changing environment

because
A. sexual reproduction requires less overall energy expenditure than asexual reproduction.
B. sexual reproduction produces genetically different individuals.
C. sexual reproduction requires only one individual.
D. sexual reproduction produces genetically-identical individuals.

Learning Outcome: 09.01.01 Compare and contrast sexual and asexual reproduction.
Section: 09.01
Topic: Meiosis
9-2
5. 2n is an abbreviation for
A. diploid.
B. gametes.
C. haploid.
D. mitosis.
E. meiosis.

Learning Outcome: 09.03.02 Differentiate between haploid and diploid cells.
Section: 09.03
Topic: Meiosis
6. Diploid means having

A. one complete set of chromosomes.
B. three complete sets of chromosomes.
C. two complete sets of chromosomes.
D. two chromosomes in each somatic cell.
E. two chromosomes in each gamete.

Section: 09.03
Topic: Meiosis
7. If human gametes were diploid

A. the products of fertilization would have the same number of chromosomes as their parents.
B. the products of fertilization would have fewer chromosomes than their parents.
C. fertilization could not occur.
D. the products of fertilization would have more chromosomes than their parents.
E. the embryo would be diploid.

Section: 09.03
Topic: Meiosis
9-3
8. 1n is an abbreviation for
A. haploid.
B. somatic cells.
C. diploid.
D. mitosis.
E. meiosis.

Section: 09.03
Topic: Meiosis
9. In humans, germ cells are located in

A. bone marrow.
B. blood.
C. all cells.
D. all tissues.
E. testes and ovaries.

Learning Outcome: 09.03.03 Explain the roles of somatic cells and germ cells in sexual
reproduction.
Section: 09.03
Topic: Meiosis
9-4
10. A diploid germ cell will produce cells that have reduced the chromosome number by half,
generating four haploid nuclei in
A. fertilization.
B. mitosis.
C. meiosis.
D. replication.
E. mutation.

Learning Outcome: 09.04.01 Sketch and identify the steps in meiosis.
Section: 09.04
Topic: Meiosis
11. After the completion of meiosis in humans, a diploid germ cell has produced cells with
half the original chromosome number, generating __________ haploid nuclei.
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 23
E. 46

Section: 09.04
Topic: Meiosis
9-5
12. The process that merges the gametes from two parents is
A. fertilization.
B. meiosis.
C. mitosis.
D. mutation.
E. conjugation.

Section: 09.03
Topic: Meiosis
13. A zygote is
A. a haploid cell.
B. a gamete.
C. a direct product of meiosis.
D. All answers are correct.
E. a diploid cell.

Section: 09.03
Topic: Meiosis
9-6
14. Sexual reproduction includes

A. mitosis, gamete formation, and fertilization.
B. mitosis, meiosis, and gamete formation.
C. meiosis, gamete formation, and fertilization.
D. mitosis, fertilization, and meiosis.
E. None of the answers are correct.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Section: 09.03
Topic: Meiosis
15. Mitotic cell division creates identical copies by replicating a cell's DNA __________ and
then dividing ____________.
A. once, twice
B. twice, once
C. twice, twice
D. once, once

Learning Outcome: 09.06.01 Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis.
Section: 09.06
Topic: Meiosis
9-7
16. Meiotic cell division replicates a cell's DNA ____________ and then divides
______________.
A. twice, once
B. once, twice
C. twice, twice
D. once, once

Section: 09.06
Topic: Meiosis
17. Human cells have

A. 23 pairs of chromosomes.
B. 23 chromosomes.
C. 46 pairs of chromosomes.
D. 2 pairs of sex chromosomes.
E. one pair of autosomes.

Learning Outcome: 09.02.01 Distinguish between autosomes and sex chromosomes.
Section: 09.02
Topic: Meiosis
9-8
18. The human chromosomes that do not determine gender are

A. not found in pairs.
B. the "X" and "Y" chromosomes.
C. autosomes.
D. called sex chromosomes.

Section: 09.02
Topic: Meiosis
19. The chromosomal designation for a human male is

A. XX.
B. XO.
C. XY.
D. YY.
E. XXX.

Section: 09.02
Topic: Meiosis
20. The chromosomal designation for a human female is

A. XYY.
B. XY.
C. YY.
D. XX.

Section: 09.02
Topic: Meiosis
9-9
21. The X chromosome is

A. larger than the Y chromosome.
B. smaller than the Y chromosome.
C. the same size as the Y chromosome.
D. genetically identical to the Y chromosome.
E. larger and genetically identical to the Y chromosome.

Section: 09.02
Topic: Meiosis
22. The Y chromosome

A. is larger than the X chromosome.
B. contains more genes than the X chromosome.
C. is the same size as the X chromosome.
D. is smaller than the X chromosome.
E. is genetically identical to the X chromosome.

Section: 09.02
Topic: Meiosis
23. In meiosis, DNA replicates during

A. prophase I.
B. prophase II.
C. interphase prior to meiosis II.
D. interphase prior to meiosis I.
E. both prophase I and prophase II.

Section: 09.04
Topic: Meiosis
9-10
24. In meiosis, homologous chromosomes align next to one another during

A. interphase I.
B. metaphase II.
C. prophase I.
D. metaphase I.
E. prophase II.

Section: 09.04
Topic: Meiosis
25. In meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate during

A. prophase I.
B. prophase II.
C. anaphase I.
D. metaphase I.
E. anaphase II.

Section: 09.04
Topic: Meiosis
26. In meiosis I, cytokinesis usually occurs after telophase I and produces

A. one diploid cell with sister chromatids still attached.
B. two haploid cells with sister chromatids still attached.
C. four haploid cells.
D. two diploid cells.
E. one haploid cell.

Section: 09.04
Topic: Meiosis
9-11
27. In meiosis, paired homologs align down the center of the cell during
A. metaphase I.
B. prophase I.
C. prophase II.
D. metaphase II.
E. anaphase II.

Section: 09.04
Topic: Meiosis
28. In meiosis, chromosomes containing sister chromatids (not homologous chromosomes)

align along the center of the cell during
A. prophase I.
B. prophase II.
C. interphase II.
D. metaphase I.
E. metaphase II.

Section: 09.04
Topic: Meiosis
9-12
29. In meiosis, the separated sister chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell during
A. metaphase I.
B. metaphase II.
C. anaphase I.
D. telophase I.
E. anaphase II.

Section: 09.04
Topic: Meiosis
30. In meiosis II, cytokinesis results in the production of

A. two haploid daughter cells.
B. four diploid daughter cells.
C. four haploid daughter cells.
D. two diploid daughter cells.
E. one daughter cell identical to the parent cell that underwent meiosis.

Section: 09.04
Topic: Meiosis
31. Sexual reproduction and meiosis generate genetic variety by

A. random fertilization.
B. All answers are correct.
C. independent assortment.
D. crossing over.

Learning Outcome: 09.05.01 List and explain how meiosis generates genetic variability
among offspring.
Section: 09.05
Topic: Meiosis
9-13
32. The process by which homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material

A. is crossing over.
B. is random fertilization.
C. occurs only in bacteria.
D. occurs only in animals.
E. is independent assortment.

Learning Outcome: 09.05.02 Compare and contrast the effects of crossing over, independent
assortment, and random fertilization on variability among offspring.
Section: 09.05
Topic: Meiosis
33. Alternate forms of the same gene

A. do not exist.
B. are alleles.
C. are homologs.
D. are sister chromatids.
E. do not occur in the same individual.

reproduction.
Section: 09.02
Topic: Meiosis
9-14
34. What process creates daughter cells with a mixture of paternal and maternal
chromosomes?
A. asexual reproduction
B. semi-conservative replication
C. random fertilization
D. independent assortment
E. mutation

Section: 09.05
Topic: Meiosis
35. A gamete having more than one complete set of chromosomes

A. cannot be produced by meiosis.
B. cannot participate in fertilization.
C. is polyploid.
D. will undergo mitosis.
E. is not yet through meiosis.

Learning Outcome: 09.07.01 Diagram and explain how polyploidy and non-disjunction can
lead to missing or extra chromosomes in a gamete.
Section: 09.07
Topic: Meiosis
9-15
36. When chromosomes fail to separate at either the first or second meiotic division, this
A. is known as crossing over.
B. results in a sperm or egg cell with an abnormal number of chromosomes.
C. is known as translocation.
D. results in a failure to produce gametes.
E. results in arrest during meiosis.

Section: 09.07
Topic: Meiosis
37. Nondisjunction may cause

A. trisomy 21.
B. Turner syndrome.
C. Jacobs syndrome.
D. All answers are correct.
E. Klinefelter syndrome.

Section: 09.07
Topic: Meiosis
9-16
38. What is an advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?

A. genetic variability during an ecological disaster
B. genetic variability when the environment is stable
C. faster reproduction
D. requirement of less energy
E. simpler form of reproduction

Section: 09.02
Topic: Meiosis
39. Why does sexual reproduction produce more genetic variability in a population?
A. Offspring are genetically identical to one parent.
B. During sex, adults can exchange genetic material thus increasing their variability.
C. Organisms arising from sexual reproduction can change their genetic material in response
to environmental changes.
D. Sexually-reproducing organisms mutate more rapidly than asexually reproducing
organisms.
E. Offspring are a genetic mix of both parents.

Section: 09.02
Topic: Meiosis
9-17
40. Homologous chromosomes contain the same ____ but may contain different ____.
A. alleles, genes
B. sister chromatids, genes
C. alleles, sister chromatids
D. genes, sister chromatids
E. genes, alleles

reproduction.
Section: 09.02
Topic: Meiosis
41. People who have a single X chromosome are female, while those with XXY sex
chromosomes are males. In order to be a female, a human
A. must have two X chromosomes.
B. cannot have a Y chromosome.
C. must have only one X chromosome.
D. must have only one Y chromosome.
E. cannot have an X chromosome.
Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Section: 09.02
Topic: Meiosis
9-18
42. Why is it essential that meiosis produce haploid cells?

A. so that the number of chromosomes will double each generation
B. to produce haploid offspring
C. to prevent the number of chromosomes from doubling each generation
D. to produce diploid gametes
E. to allow asexual reproduction

Section: 09.03
Topic: Meiosis
43. If a diploid cell goes through meiosis it will generate

A. two haploid cells.
B. four diploid cells.
C. two diploid cells.
D. four haploid cells.
E. This is not possible.

Section: 09.06
Topic: Meiosis
44. If a haploid cell goes through meiosis it will generate

A. four haploid cells.
B. This is not possible.
C. two haploid cells.
D. four diploid cells.
E. two diploid cells.

Section: 09.06
Topic: Meiosis
9-19
45. If a diploid cell goes through mitosis it will generate

A. four haploid cells.
B. two diploid cells.
C. two haploid cells.

Section: 09.06
Topic: Meiosis
46. If a haploid cell goes through mitosis it will generate

A. two haploid cells.
B. two diploid cells.
C. four haploid cells.

Section: 09.06
Topic: Meiosis
9-20
47. When a human egg ovulates, it arrests in metaphase II until it is fertilized by a sperm.
How many chromosomes are present in the egg at metaphase II?
A. 46
B. 2 with sister chromatids still attached
C. 4
D. 23 with sister chromatids still attached
E. 1

Section: 09.04
Topic: Meiosis
48. A diploid cell with 4 chromosomes would produce which of the following after meiosis?
A. Two genetically-distinct types of haploid gametes
B. Two genetically-distinct types of diploid gametes
C. Four genetically-distinct types of haploid gametes
D. Four genetically-distinct types of diploid gametes
E. Four genetically-identical diploid gametes

Section: 09.04
Topic: Meiosis
9-21
49. A diploid cell with 6 chromosomes would produce which of the following after meiosis?
A. Four genetically-distinct types of haploid gametes
B. Two genetically-distinct types of diploid gametes
C. Four genetically-distinct types of diploid gametes
D. Eight genetically-distinct types of haploid gametes
E. Eight genetically-identical haploid gametes

Section: 09.04
Topic: Meiosis
50. Genes A and B are on the same chromosome. What gametes could an individual with the
allele combination AABB produce?
A. AABB
B. A
C. AB
D. B
E. AAB

Section: 09.05
Topic: Meiosis
9-22
51. Genes A and B are on the same chromosome. If a person has one chromosome with the
alleles AB and a second chromosome with the alleles ab, how could they produce a gamete
with a chromosome containing the alleles Ab or aB?
A. independent assortment
B. random fertilization
C. mitosis
D. fragmentation of the chromosome
E. crossing over

Section: 09.05
Topic: Meiosis
52. Which of the following will occur in meiosis but not in mitosis?
A. metaphase
B. cytokinesis
C. crossing over
D. DNA replication
E. chromosome condensation

Section: 09.06
Topic: Meiosis
9-23
53. If a chromosome in one of your bone cells becomes mutated, you will not pass this
mutation onto your children because
A. somatic cells cannot undergo mitosis.
B. germ cells cannot undergo meiosis.
C. germ cells cannot undergo mitosis.
D. somatic cells cannot undergo meiosis.

reproduction.
Section: 09.03
Topic: Meiosis
54. Most cultivated bananas are triploid. How could these be generated from diploid parent
banana plants?
A. nondisjunction in meiosis followed by normal fertilization
B. nondisjunction in mitosis followed by normal fertilization
C. fertilization of a haploid egg by two haploid sperm
D. fertilization of a haploid egg by a haploid sperm
E. fertilization of a diploid somatic cell by a haploid sperm

Section: 09.07
Topic: Meiosis
9-24
55. If you mate a donkey (2n = 62) with a horse (2n = 64) you get a mule. A mule is sterile
and cannot produce gametes by meiosis because
A. they contain too few chromosomes.
B. they have an odd number of chromosomes.
C. they have an even number of chromosomes.
D. they contain too many chromosomes.
E. they lack genes that are essential for life.

Section: 09.04
Topic: Meiosis
56. In humans, the sex of a child is determined by

A. the sex chromosome in the egg.
B. the number of autosomes in the sperm.
C. the number of autosomes in the egg.
D. the sex chromosome in the sperm.
E. the number of X chromosomes in the egg.

Section: 09.02
Topic: Meiosis
9-25
57. For a plant to produce diploid sperm and egg ____ must occur during _____.
A. nondisjunction, mitosis
B. independent assortment, meiosis
C. nondisjunction, meiosis
D. independent assortment, mitosis
E. independent assortment, fertilization

Section: 09.07
Topic: Meiosis
58. If a diploid sperm fertilizes a diploid egg it will produce a ____ zygote.
A. triploid
B. tetraploid
C. diploid
D. haploid
E. hexaploid

Section: 09.07
Topic: Meiosis
9-26
9-27
59. In the section "Investigating Life: A New Species Is Born, but Who’s the
Daddy?", Tragopogon mirus is a hybrid of T. dubius and T porrifolius. Based on the figure, T.
mirus has
A. 12 chromosomes from T. dubius and 12 chromosomes from T. porrifolius.
B. 6 chromosomes from T. dubius and 6 chromosomes from T. porrifolius.
C. 24 chromosomes from T. dubius and 24 chromosomes from T. porrifolius.
D. 24 chromosomes from T. dubius.
E. 24 chromosomes from T. porrifolius.
Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 09.08.01 Explain how researchers investigated the recent origin of two
plant species.
Section: 09.08
Topic: Meiosis
Type: Investigating Life
60. In the section "Investigating Life: A New Species Is Born, but Who’s the Daddy?", T.
mirus would normally produce gametes with __ chromosomes.
A. 24
B. 12
C. 6
D. 2
E. 1

plant species.
Section: 09.08
Topic: Meiosis
9-28
9-29
61. In the section "Investigating Life: A New Species Is Born, but Who’s the Daddy?", T.
miscellus has
A. arisen only once with T. pratensis being the female parent.
B. arisen only once with T. dubius being the female parent.
C. arisen more than once with T. pratensis and T. dubius both being the female parent.
D. arisen more than once with T. pratensis being the female parent.
E. arisen more than once with T. dubius being the female parent.
Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze

plant species.
Section: 09.08
Topic: Meiosis
62. In the section "Investigating Life: A New Species Is Born, but Who’s the Daddy?", pollen
contains _____ that produce _____.
A. gametophytes, spores
B. sporophytes, sperm
C. sporophytes, spores
D. sperm, spores
E. gametophytes, sperm

plant species.
Section: 09.08
Topic: Meiosis
9-30
True / False Questions
63. Mitosis occurs in germ cells throughout life.

FALSE

reproduction.
Section: 09.03
Topic: Meiosis
64. There are two divisions in meiosis resulting in four daughter cells.
TRUE

Section: 09.04
Topic: Meiosis
65. The number of chromosomes in a daughter cell produced by mitosis is the same as the
number of chromosomes in the parent cell.
TRUE

Section: 09.06
Topic: Meiosis
9-31
66. The number of chromosomes in a daughter cell produced by meiosis is the same as the
number of chromosomes in the parent cell.
FALSE

Section: 09.06
Topic: Meiosis
67. Mitosis does not require that homologous chromosomes align with one another.
TRUE

Section: 09.06
Topic: Meiosis
68. Meiosis requires that homologous chromosomes align with one another so that crossing
over may occur.
TRUE

Section: 09.06
Topic: Meiosis
9-32
69. If a human zygote has either 45 or 47 chromosomes it was caused by random fertilization.
FALSE

Section: 09.07
Topic: Meiosis
70. If a human zygote has either 45 or 47 chromosomes it was caused by nondisjunction.

TRUE

Section: 09.07
Topic: Meiosis
71. A male with an extra X chromosome (XXY) has Turner syndrome.

FALSE

Section: 09.07
Topic: Meiosis
9-33
72. A female missing an X chromosome (XO) has Turner syndrome.

TRUE

Section: 09.07
Topic: Meiosis
73. If a woman in her late forties wants to have a baby and seeks medical advice, she will be
advised that she is at greater risk of having a baby with Down syndrome.
TRUE

Section: 09.07
Topic: Meiosis
74. Identical twins result from a single fertilization to form a zygote, which then clones itself.
TRUE

Section: 09.05
Topic: Meiosis
9-34
Multiple Choice Questions
75. Fraternal twins (dizygotic) result from the fertilization of

A. two eggs and two sperm.
B. two eggs and one sperm.
C. one egg and two sperm.
D. one egg and one sperm.
E. two eggs and one sperm OR one egg and two sperm.

Section: 09.05
Topic: Meiosis
76. Genetic information is passed from one generation to the next through
A. DNA.
B. asexual reproduction.
C. sexual reproduction.
D. gametes.

to the next.
Section: 09.01
Topic: Meiosis
9-35
77. What two processes results in genetically-identical products?

A. mitosis and meiosis
B. meiosis and asexual reproduction
C. meiosis and sexual reproduction
D. mitosis and sexual reproduction
E. mitosis and asexual reproduction

to the next.
Section: 09.01
Section: 09.06
Topic: Meiosis
78. What two processes results in genetically-different products?

A. mitosis and meiosis
B. mitosis and asexual reproduction
C. meiosis and asexual reproduction
D. meiosis and sexual reproduction
E. mitosis and sexual reproduction

to the next.
Section: 09.01
Section: 09.06
Topic: Meiosis
9-36
79. What creates genetically-different offspring in both asexual and sexual reproduction?
A. mutations
B. mitosis
C. meiosis
D. mutations and mitosis
E. mitosis and meiosis

to the next.
Section: 09.01
Topic: Meiosis
80. Haploid cells lack which of the following?

A. homologous chromosomes
B. autosomes
C. sex chromosomes
D. a nucleus
E. autosomes and sex chromosomes

reproduction.
Section: 09.02
Section: 09.03
Topic: Meiosis
9-37
True / False Questions
81. If the allele for presence or absence of hair is located on the maternal chromosomes #3,
then the same allele is located on the paternal chromosome #3.
FALSE

reproduction.
Section: 09.02
Topic: Meiosis
82. If the gene for presence or absence of hair is located on the maternal chromosomes #3,
then the same gene is located on the paternal chromosome #3.
TRUE

reproduction.
Section: 09.02
Topic: Meiosis
83. Genetic variability will not occur among offspring if crossing over does not occur during
prophase I of meiosis.
FALSE

among offspring.
Section: 09.05
Topic: Meiosis
9-38
84. Genetic variability will not occur among offspring if independent assortment does not
occur during anaphase I of meiosis.
FALSE

among offspring.
Section: 09.05
Topic: Meiosis
9-39

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Multiple Choice Questions

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

2. Meiosis is a process that produces

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

4. Sexual reproduction is important to the survival of a species in a changing environment

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

6. Diploid means having

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

7. If human gametes were diploid

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

9. In humans, germ cells are located in

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

14. Sexual reproduction includes

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

17. Human cells have

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

18. The human chromosomes that do not determine gender are

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

19. The chromosomal designation for a human male is

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

20. The chromosomal designation for a human female is

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

21. The X chromosome is

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

22. The Y chromosome

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

23. In meiosis, DNA replicates during

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

24. In meiosis, homologous chromosomes align next to one another during

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

25. In meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate during

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

26. In meiosis I, cytokinesis usually occurs after telophase I and produces

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

28. In meiosis, chromosomes containing sister chromatids (not homologous chromosomes)

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

30. In meiosis II, cytokinesis results in the production of

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

31. Sexual reproduction and meiosis generate genetic variety by

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

32. The process by which homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

33. Alternate forms of the same gene

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

35. A gamete having more than one complete set of chromosomes

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

37. Nondisjunction may cause

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember