Magnification

Symbol (+/-) Numerical (n)

m>1 - magnified, improper

+ Virtual and Erect
fraction, m is greater than 1

- Real and Inverted m=1 – same size, m is equal to

1

m<1 – diminished, proper

fraction, m is lesser than 1
 Sign Convention

Concave Mirror Convex Mirror

Real Virtual f = +ve

f = -ve f = -ve R = +ve

R = -ve R = -ve u = -ve

u = -ve u = -ve v = +ve

v = -ve v = +ve hi = +ve

hi = -ve hi = +ve ho =+ve

ho = +ve ho =+ve m = +ve

m = -ve m = +ve