SSndor CSOKE

The Sumerian and Unal-Altaic

elements in the
Old $lavic languaEe

1979
 9py:t g!J_!v :
TABI,E OF CONTENTS

Prcfacc I
<ONOSI CSCIMA SANtfOtrt
tor'benelrni tArsasag * histoniscl-re gesellscl-raft e.v. * histonical 60crety ttord Stmcturc t
nubinstn rz aoo(] munchen so (genrnany) I telefon: rosgt r50 45 84
Word Formatlon 5

Thc feasstlon of Nouns 5

Thc Formatlon of AdJectlves and AdJectlve Sufflxes 18
The Formatlon of Advcrbs rtth $ufftxea 25
Thc Vcrb Sufftx 27
The Verbel Noun end lts Sufflx 3h
Pronouns 36
Thc Nunorals hI+
The Fonnatlon of the Noun Sufflx 48
thc Ptrsonel Pronoun Suffix 59
Denonstratlve Pronoun Sufflxes 6L
Printed in the Thc AdJeetlve $ufflx end the Cornparlson of AdJeetives 6z
Feileral" Republlc of
G E R M A lI Y thc Verb Suffk and lts 0omponcnts 66
by 19a1ter R O T II
COPY DRUCK
The Verbal Nouns 7B
Arcisgtraase 66.- BOOO Milncher-40
FebruaryL9T9 Thc Preflxcs 84
Phonetlc Hlstory 86
The Vowclc 120
Epllogue r32
Blbllography L35
 Ca6ka- Botoa

IIILiFACU
ItDerorlaLorlr' frol).rqrnda aqailsL Lhe !h:nrlri.ans has heen

clrculating on e 1,rr-1e scale ln The wrlLer of Lhls essay studl,:d from writton clocumolt:r
Lhe ltleslern i^Jorld for approxlnately
tho larrguage call-ed rt01d sravicr whrch should actrrrr.ry be cal.leri
a hrrntlred years. The oriql.nators ol t,hese attacks vrere the French rrOld Bulgarlanrr as lt was
ln the 1est,.
and t,hc Csrchs, followed by bhe Rumanians, iigllr5 and also the iingllslr. Accordlng to hlrtorlograpfu antl ltnqulstlcs" 1rr the nlnLh
thrir century A.D., a Slavlc people setCled ln the terrl.tory of ljalorrJk&,
fl.v accrrs,itione , ttrey lnt,end Lo convince thc l,IesLern World that
the northerrr part of present-day Greece. The languaqe of Lhese 3lavs
l,tt.- fiunqarl;rn n.lLion i.n Lhe Carpat,hian lJasin and t,he lanube Valle,y is
les used b.v the Lwo chrlstlan mrsslonarles, cyrrl and ,ieLhod. rr or,rnr
a. laLer irrLluder, a rrforej,'n body" anon6 the faml1y of llurotr)ean to spread Chrlstlanlty amon4 the peolrle.
rrations, who fot, a ririllennluni has only cg.used troubl,e. Therefore, Llnlulsts exarrdned Lhe structure arr.l vocabular.y of this
J"anguage and declared lC to be of Indo-Fluropean orlqin.
thcy l,ropose to arrnihil-at.e fhese people or, if this ls not posslble,
The wrlter of thrs essay exanr-ned the struct,ure arrd vocabrrr;rrry
to reduce their prwer bo a rnirlinuni ... Lhen lhere nould be peace ln of thls lan4uaiio and he carlo to the conclusion that Old llulsnrlan __
thaL part of Llre continr:nt.rr more recently rr0l-d Slavl-crt
- Ls actually ln lts structure a rruri
aAglutlnatlvo language and ?Ol or more of its vocabularly also hel.onrs
Tibor l3arath, A Kulfoldi l,iagyarsag Ideofoqia
I,iontreal, 1975 (p.
t9:"j:itl{ ._l
-agslutlnattve Langua,qes .
f95 ) For ny 6xartnatlon r urcd the cssaya of H.H. Blelferdt: Altslavlsche
Gramatlk, publlshed br Haue/seerc, 196l-. rn the following pages, r present
to thc readcr t'hc results of thir examlnatLon. r gt,ate from Lhe beglnnlng
Remarks bv Sindor Cscjke on bhls quotatlon fhat thc language ihlch Ls eallcd old slavie hag l"etters whl-eh do not
orlSlnatr fron thc Greck but rhteh are identlcal to the lcttaru of the
The Flnno-Ugric historians and linguicls ' In mui;llaLed Hungary 0opttc languagc" or cLsc thcy orLglnetc frrom the sarnc aouree lrom whleh the
(ihe annj-hilation
and in the West ale dedi;;teal supporters oi thls Lrendl-n Hungary can be 0recks borr.owcd thcl-r arphabrt. Hcr€ r present the Koptl.e charaeterg and the
of Hungary). The acts oi tnu ffngiists and-historlans
overlooked for understandable reisons, (OnI1r those
uho support the Orerk charactera. It x111 not be dlfflculb for the reader to see the bruth.
Finno-Ugric tlreory are .ii""*A a chalr at the Unlversltles'
Translator)
such tendencLes cannot be Characters of the Koptlc lengrragcr
but that the Western nf"nt-Ugtf" Ilngulsts havo
is forcltg tf,; to bicorne the executioners of the natl-on?"'
understood.'lrltro A- a l 'lrJ f-r C.A.t)' s

In the follo,,ring pages, rlth undeniable evldence, I wl1l dlsprovc B-b X-r C'"o V-r
of the il-1
the unsclentific historicil"ana llngulstlc statenents Indo-European
['- g T-t b,$ - n,",
Iinguists. A- a M-n Y - orrry q
4 -^h
e-c
Z'" \l- "
Z- kerx
t[ -'on
kh,ch
7 =h
)L-;
H 'e,3 o-x Y- p" G - erk.J
0-ttt fl-p Cd - B,? -"lt = tr
 -3- csSke-Botos
-z- Csokc-Botoe

Characters of the Greek languagcl

O qa 'VI.-t< 6,5 =e
TIORD STNUCTURE

P=r ) -r
{r=n
T-r
t=e 'D=ii ?hc mltlng ayrtco of thc Old fllavle Language.
8*a '9-n f-t
E =c 1-r" cf. Blrlfeld| Op. Ctt. p.24
X="tt
5=a" o -o Y*p"
2'e 'I( -p Ld =o 8-e T-t
nX=th € -n du=u FA.JA oy-u
L=I F -,t 6 -b lo- Ju
The reader doos not need any speclallzed knorlcdgc to be ablc to
B-t
I-n
{'r
t-
x-eh
co&pare the forms of the charactcrs of thesc languages. Hc w111 coac to - Turktsh t(-e
D E
the concluslon thnt the characters of the rr0ld $lavicrr languagg are cLoger /t-d 4 - {/ea/
to the Koptlc characterg than to the Greek. Fron thls fact xe nay drarr t-Q tll ' Y/a/
far-reachlng conclusions ... K-Js Y - &/ar/
)tt - {/r" fr = g/ nasal,/
J'r tbl - ut
(Translatorrs Note: Fron tfuae to tlncrthe pronunciatlon of a Slavic rord
Srdz b-l
ls indlcated. I have kept the authorrs transcriptlon, but would llke to
polnt oui that the letter -J- ls to be pronounced as the Engltsh -y-. )
H--r t-i
l(-h fr.giA-{naaaL/
Jl-L lil-JtrF-q /naaal/
[-[ t 'ke /uax/
H-n f - pe/ pst/
o-o '+ 'th
fl-p .rg - urlrb
P'r c - d/sz/ ,..

I uto the latln lattcra in transcrlblnq, folJowlng the data of

the quoted work, !o that cvcn thc non-ltngulstle speclallst may flnd tt
casy to undcrstand the phonctLcs of the examined words. I have kept the
orlginal forrns of only the capeelall,y unugual lctters,
e.g. thc rrlttsn fonn: FplAj- elty
the tranacrl.bed forn: grad% - clty
 -4- Csoke-Botos -5- csdke-Botos

rPa'4'b =grad? -c1ty WORD FOTTMATIOI{

lt0l(% = tok? = current (air or water)
ptlla =falba =ftsh I. Tha Forrnatlon of Nouns

In the O1d Slavlc languagc therc was vowel harmony but llngulstlc 1.. Old Slarle -o, xrltton -%3 actlon, contlnuatlon or a result of the
sclence ls silent about this (for undorstandable reasons). eieUelOt contlnuatlon, thercfore ln nost cases ab3treet ldeas.
(0p.Cil. p.2!) wrttes about the funportant characterlstics of vouel herrronyt r.g.t lbborb - neetlng, getharlng
rr 'Ihe opposltion of the back and front vowela ls of fundamental pouorb- play, vletory
lnportance. The union of consonants wlth folLowing vowels ln Old
Slavic follows certal,n rulcsi l-n fmnt of the vowels of bolh rows tok! - currant, flood
only certaLn consonants can etand. The laws of palatalizatlon are 1016- trench, plt (nrnct) (ttung. rords)
conditional on the dlfference bctween these tl,ro rows. The vowefs of
both rows are lnterchangeable ln the inflexional endlngs and sufflxes; Aa eonctctc nounst
e.g. the dlfference between therrhafd add"x36ftil roots l-n the decllnationa vort - ragon
ls connected to the dlffcrence betws:n the two rows Of vowelstr...
"vont
- sound, rlnglng
In Old Turkirhr -I, -1, -u, -ii, ctc
That 1s a clear 1aw of vowel harmony Just as ln any agglutlnatlve udu - cscort
languaqet For what reason ls llnguistic research slLeni on thls lmportant tarl - platn
Ianguage characterlstic? In Flilnlah! .b; -u, ctc.
According to this larr: naunr - laughlng
rhe hard vowels soft vowels
The [ahso I rageS
o /o/ e,K /e, Je/ kuolo - death
zl lut/ vI /i/ In Votyak-Zyrlanl
h /9/ b /i/ u$to - holcr openlng
a /a/ B,la /i,xa/ u.r.
"oita -
(as ebovc)
a t^ /9,19/
^ /y/
ov /u/ lo /Jn/
In Anatolian-Turklshl
yazY - r.rttlng
korku - fear
For a comparison with the Old Turklsh see Gabaln, Op. Clt. p. 4,+ gfir'ri - flockr hard
Thle characterlstle la apparent ln Suncrlan also:
!l-g's r rlalng
dug-a - laylng, ordcr
!al.-a - part, sharc
Coeparc thesc wlth Diakonoff, Opo Ctt. p.6O
 csdka-Fotos
-6- cs6ke-Botos

Itul6: In the Old Slavic language, the letter -o, wrltten -'t lndicates Chcranisst tat-5t r plcce
a noun and is ldenLical wlth the noun-suffix (noroen agentiefactlonis) Flnnleh: puh-ck - spceeh
of the ag.gtutlnatlne languages and therefore cannot be of Indo-European r
rynni-tr*ii ettaek
origin. Turklshr uiif-i* - troop
yaz-lk - rlit
2. OId Slavic: -kor -oko, -iko
Llt. hongollant daga-kl - rool
wrltten: -k6, -ibkf,, -ikL
Tungualan3 hlsa-ki - rhoulder
Noun suffix meanlng the result of an action.

Blclfoldt, Op. Ctt. p" 119r arontl.ons thc sufflx cluster: _?n_ lk_%,
a/. -kb
erd 8tate' that the conpound rufflx -?n-t conslsts of a posscssl_ve
e.g. znakt = sign
rdJcctlvc cufflx end thc tbovc-ncntloned -lk? noun auffix whleh creaLes Urc
. root: zna- - knowr recognize
nomen agentLa/ actlvla - or hoolrr ls t{e cen crie, thc noun sufrlx
c.f. Russian: zvuk (zvu-k = soundr rlnging -tk! orlqlrr-
ates fron the agglutlnatlve Lenguagea. The orlgrn of the suffr-x
-rn? rs
also to be found tn alnllar conponcnLs ln the agglutrnatrve languages,
b/- -:bk'b
stplet-[kt =weaving, spinning, knltting €rf,o Ln Vogul. the adJectlye gufftx -eD
e.g.
ostat-6kb - remainder tseT - *6.n
Flnnlsh: puun r of the trec (genttlvc)
c/, -it<'b Turkleht sYln - of the housc
e.B. moden-ik% = na.rtrr l4ongoJ.lant ekeyln - of the rrothcr
ouien-ik%* student etc. Old turklehl rtonEugutl o of f,he pearl
tlurr.Ltc: haldt-t$ - untranslatable (adJectlre)
These suffixes naturally do not only form nouns from verbs but also Urartu! urbar-l.nnl - sacrlflclal
from other nouns. Therefore thelr functlon 1s rrdenomlnalisrr and rrdeverballsrr. Old Slavle: g$i-tn" - gultby
prav{d-fh? - truthful
e.g. 01d Slavlc: zla-k'L= vegetables gospod-lnB - bei"onglng to the arlstocrac.y
t<anhL.tb =r atono pogan-1n6 - belonglng to the pagans ...
zlat -ik%= sold rnedal
As far aa 116 can sce, thl.s suffh ls ldentlcal to the posscsslve edJeot,lva
suffh -1n of uhe ural-Artelc language and is also rdentlcal to tha
Noun suffixes in the agglutinative languages:
aufflx of the posscssive easa. Thcrcfore lt ir not of .llavle orlnln.
01d Turklsh: anu-q = readiness
k6zirnirk = wlndow
Thc conpourd I -ln-{k-?
rrltten ! -tn-lkg in Old Slavle also crcates nouns from nounn.
?.g. gf$t4nt ' gutlty) grtthtkts * crtmlnal
ktntiGntltg = 11[eratc
posttnlkG= fasber (one who fasts)
lstodtnlkz,= sprl-ng (r*ater) ...
 -9- csdke-Botos
-8- ce6ke-Botos

This sufflx exl-sts in the Ural-Altalc languages a1so.

same
b) othcr languageo!

e.g. Uzbek: Flnnlsh laula-Ja - aLnger, slngl"rrg

-nlki
u-ni"ki = hla t,ektJi * cdnoltt€r, doer
kolchoz-niki = of the kolkhoz
contractlont vidntl(vl8nt-t -drllt
davlat-niki = of the farm palstl( palst-t - roasted
The second conpound suffix ls not a Slavlc element either but agaln belongs llordvlnlani noral - slnger, slnglng
to the aggl-utlnative ).anguages: conlracllon t kult - dytng
-tnin%, -Fanln! , -anln'6 ara again possessi.ve adJectivc Lapp koirtJe - tellor
suffixes. Votyak ekscJ - prlnc6, lord
graldanlng = cl-tlzenr cltydrceller Zyrlan iittol - rroio
slov-tnin% = of the word 01d SlavLc zltodtt - crlmlnal etc.
Finnish: suonalalnen - of [he lake
etynologinen = of etynoloey etc. The ldentieallty ls urdcnlablc. The word gtructure and the cornponanL!
Structural analysis: slodtnln6 slov-tn-in% of f,ho Language whlch rhtch hac been dcclared to be slavlc or o1d srevlc
noun-suf flx<-'-=J arc ldcntlcal to thosc of the agglutlnatlve languages, thercfore thls
I
possesslve adJective suffix <J lenguagc whlch re knon fron llngulstlc reuraLns, ls not of rndo-r,uropcan
l. 01d Slavic -ai7: noinen actoris ortgl,n.
vratai% = guard, gate guard
rt{bar% = fisherman 5.Tte cuffixea -tal, -atal
HurriLe, actoris: iz-uri = errand-bo/, messenger
nomen Qr$. pozoretel - vleter
Urariu, tr tr :a-l-ure-leader chodatal -
nedlator
cf. Estonian; kaL-ur - fLghennan ratal - plornen, planter etc.
Hungarion; vez-6r - leader Hongollan: -talr -tc[
fut-5r - messenger norltal - hopse-rtder, knight
Turklsh I yaz-ar = writ,er etc. surttuutsl . Learned, cducated
Its functlon accordlng to the Engllsh lanegaqe itongoll;rn grannar
[. 01d Slavlc -Jo, wrltten -jZ>-J1'> -"6 (contractlon) Lrt trto form nouns deslgnatlng possesslonl eonnectlon wlth 6r containmcnL
a) nomen actorls: voEd6 = leader ln aoocthlngil "..
slra\6 = guard
pladA = crylns, elc. 6. The sufflxos: -lEtn, -fitn - norren actorls!
krlrrfdln - steersman
ktnl$dln - Llteratc
iiongollan: -6ln - nonen actorls
kapuSln - gate quarrl (Hung: kapu6r)
rutu8ln - messenqcr (ttune: rut6$
pt6lEln - gecretaryr clerk, efic.
 -11- cs6ke-Botos
-I0- Csdke-Botos

c.8. dlg- ' 11" ! df-tle - wi_ng

7. agentis suf.fix : _tel{a

Norren hon*- rrlttcn ! hon-atla - clearlnp
01d Slavic : dtla - work ; dBla _ tet{a = worker eman-- lcay€ f em6 -t1b o remalns
krCsti = christen: kr'sti-te16= chrlstenine dleb- - eat 2 dleb-btle - lefLovers
oudi = teach : oull-tel4= teacher cf. df,eb- - cat r dXeb-lr - food
'lhi.s is the fonnation of the elements
in a suffix_eluster:
O1d Slavlc: dt- - uork r At-to - rork of art
It consists of the -t whieh ls thc causative verb and naElf,. - begln ! na6th-1o - beglnnlng
the -1 whtch is bhe
noun suffix, and which has an ldonLieal neaning
in arr of the agqlutinatlvc /*ordlo/ ) ralo - plorgh ctc.
languagcs. cf. Bl.clfeldt, Op. Ctt. p. 120 and Benzlng, lannutlschc GramrriaLLk, p 1g/A6e...
a) the -t causative suf f lx:
Old Turklsh: uqYt- = teaeh, lnstruct 9. the edycrb of placc aufflx t -llta
Turklsh: okut- = u.s. Old Slavlc: stnfmG - agocmblv
Hun3ar"ioo r oktat = u.s. slndn-tgtc - aasembl;,'-placc
Cheremiss: EuiSt<ta = starve lschodt - cxlt
'l cld sfavlc:'/ oudl-te-l1o = teachcr lsehod-lJtc r placc of exlL
rflkrov? r reeclrs (htdlng)
b) the noun suffix -1: aCcov-l$te - hldlng-Flaec, els.
Hungarlon: t<iit6-l = rope Thc cornpound sufflx -tUtc 1g made up of the rlatlvus. sufflx -5 and the
fon6-1 = ,r."'. Locatl"vc suffi.x -te" NaturaLly, these sufflxes are to be found orr a lar,,c
"o1d slavlc:tl ouElte-l? = teacher etc. icele ln the aggl.utlnatlvc Languages. rn the cherernlss languaqe, the.v appcnr
It ls notable that in the word ouElte1-t, = teacher, the as a ruffk lndlcating an adyarb of Flaec and as a casc endlnA.
root word
belonge to Lhe aggluLlnatiue Ianguages: ln old Turkish ukl_ Thu! ln thc Chcrcrnlss languagc:
uUi- . ?he palaiillzation of the -k- sound supports thls.
) slavlc
tuUU(tu-Sto - there
The above _mentioned sufflxes whlch formed nouns purla-5to - on tho rlqht
belong to the
rnascu-l_l-ne noun group. t$-{te - herc
Old Slevlc: dlkrov-tUtc - hl-dlng-placcr etc.
8. let us examine the noun sufflxes whlch end with the letter
Now Thls sufflx, ln the course of llngulstlc change, hecame a sufllx in ilre
which belong
-o and
to the neuter noun Rroup. fornatlon of nouns ln tho languaee ilhl-ch ls eallcd Old Slavtc. Let us
Ol-d Sl-avic: -1o, n"itten -lo, accordlng nor cxamine the fernlnlne noun suffLxes.
to Slavlc linguists, originated
with its contractlon from the ancl-ent form n_dlo:
*-dlo) -14,,, lO. Ttrc Old Slavlc sufflx -a fonns the deverbatlvc nouns. In tto orlcln
li ta ldcntlcal to the mareulLne and neuter qerrder fonns -o a,tl -e.
I'his component can also be found ln its original lorm l"n Tungusian and rhlch together orlglnate fron the agglutlnatlve lanquaqes whlch gt,tll.
Lanut : -t1> and -Ie cxlsl today.
 -r2- cs6ke-Botos
-r3- csdkc-Botos

e.8. lsdbna * exchange, chanqe

Proof.:
ograda = fence
opona = eurtain Hungarian: kalltka, kallcka E eaqe
01d Turkish: beii = glory, fame
Turklsh: klltb - Schlogs (esstlcl lock)
qutada = happiness ef. klltt-le - le-/be-/z6r - lock up,ln
Su!fteriani = ghare Old Slavlcr t$t-%ta ' cell
lale
duga = saylng, cornrnand, efc, Scrbo-Croatlan: klttka - ccll
cf. the words quoted under point # 1... l4orphologyt zSrka (Hune.) - cell

Ll. The Old Sfavic suffixes -ka, -ika, -Rka, -?dka I bellcvc that the Hungarl-an Academ"r' of Sclencc rrLll remove that word
e.R. blit-ika = the followinq (t<atlttta) froo the llst ofrslavlctloan-words. The noun-suf.Lxes -ka/-kd
of,-lka = relatlve togethrr and separately emphaslze that thls word has been taken from Lhe
kltt-Dka - ceII, prlson Hungarlan lenguage lnto Lhc Slavlc ...
vlad-ldka= ruler
mot-ttka = spade, etc. 12. Old Slevlc: -ota (noun-sufllx)
Turki-sh: ar-qa =back tloUota - cleanlLncss
Kl"rg'iar: Jel-tI -neck-flesh toplota - heat
Kqtanr-Tatar: Jil -kd - neck vellkota - greatness etc.
Tungusianr 6old I ama-ka =bear Zyrlen-Votyak: klzta - thlckness
t{ongolian: aja-ga =drinkLng-bowl Chcrcnlggr ku65b - greatness
Manchurian: eap- ka = chopstlcks Vogull ;osit - lcngth
Chereniiss: rttsf- t. = bundle
uomSl- ka - work 13. Old Slavlcl -lna (nary functions )
Tungu6i.an! kelbi-ka -spade o !tLonc6, stlllness
tl5tna
Ol-d Slavlc: rnot-?6ka = spadc, egc. lstlna - truth
gtalfitslna - superlor, old
In conrrection ulth Lhis, ue have to mentlon the Hunqarian word lkalitkal = cage, ro,fotlna - latrn
which the r-lnno-Ugrlc llnquists have declared tc be a loan-word from the godlna - hour
Slavic. old Turklsh: tiitiln - snoke
Let us state thai this Hungarian word phonetl-ca1]y, morphoJ.ogicall-,, and tlrin r feglnent
seurantlcall.y drifbed frorr the agglutinatlve lanquaqes into the Slavlc Irongoll-anl bagana - Eupportlnq-been
languages. 0smani tlknH - toknd (Hung.) - troueh, wa.shtub
Kazanl- Tatar: tlginii ' u.sr
 -I/+- cs/dkc-Botos -L5- csdke-Botos

14. 01d Sl-avic: -"/oe6, -6ce,.$ss, (-ica) in aI1 t,hree gen6ers:

i) Theold 91av{a -te6 s! e noncn agentls sufflx ls ldenblcal to
Korean, Tungu€lan, iiongollan: -aEl, -31, -ta, -ge, -kg
vv thc noa€n actorla auf,flx -8f, -f, -cf/c - dzs/ln the aBslutlnatlve languegca.
rurKl-sn: -ac, -c Old Slavlcl Lav-tctr hunter
01d Turkish: -Ea, -Xi bar-'6cA- tarrlor
i,lordvinian: -kd, -ke Ltor-tcG - crletor
llun.garion: -ka, -ke etc.
,
l{ongollanr tar{an - ll r pcaaant
ota-Ul - doctor
Llnguists bell-eve that this suffix or the -c sound goes back to
norl_{l r grooil
an Indo-European -k- sound whlch underwent palatallzation. Howcver,
when we study the ldenticaL forms in the Alteic languages, we have to
ef. OLd Slavlct ]lr-{ca. - huntcr etc.
reJect this theory because the rndo-Europeam orlgl-n is Just a hypothcsis
whereas the existence of these suffixes in the agglutinatlve languages b) ai a dlnlnutlve suffk:
is undeniable. old turklsh: au-lt-l - av daddy
Let us take the Slavic word ot4cG= dad , whlch supposcdly
O1d
8gt-Eri-il- ny mrrrr/ty
is the Ancient Slavic xot% = father , with a dj.mlnutlve sufflx.
gld Slav1ct grad-{e3'1tttLe eltv
Thus: Old ; Slavlc: oL4 cA I :tot4t<Gi oUtat-i ct. llttle eloud
suffix t Lcb us now look at thc changc ln palatallzatlon.
The -lecG(-+4k(.: k)c (palatalizatlon)
Tungutlant neJk6. llttlc l-ouse
Let us now look al the l4ongo.l-lan slndlarities : l{anchurlant cclkc - Ltttlc brother
Lit. !ron!ol1an: t{ordvlnlan: panXke - ltttlc flowcr
e8e-ge = father, dad, old
Altaic Turkish: itr-gd = u.s. rlvcllke - llttle fox
KaLnuck: otsl -gaa= rrs. Zyrlant bedok - llttl€ stick
cf. ets-kD E u.s. puok - lltblc trec
Ancient ilavlc: ;+ot$-klo llrmqrrlon ft6k - llttls blrd
Old Slavlc: oLbc6 cf. Rueclenr kruzs6k - llttle clrclc
ku"6t - ltttlc olece
The Anclent S1avic word ls unknovm; it is a llngulstic hypothesls, f,azanl*r Tatar: trurlfi. llttle chlck
while Lhe i'longorlan suffix is a realit.v. The above suffixes are origJ-nal cf. Rurglan: b6tJutkt - ny dadd1, cter
noun suffixes with a dlnlnutive functi,on ln the ranguage whlch is caLl"cd
01d $1avlc and they have no connecil.ons wih the hypothettcar lndo-European fhcrcfotc ln both caaes t,hcrr crlats a phonetlc change: k)t, k)c, nnrt U ) o,
sufflxcs. The language whtch ls callort old slavic is an agglutlnative all rtthout any Indo-fiuropean nlareprescntatlon.
Ianguage. r . In Tungurtan/tarnut/ thLc cxlstr ln the followlng form: -kin (-kS-n
e.8e u11k1-l6n - llbtle squlrrcl
urakcf-k5n - llttte h111, etc
 -16- cs6ke-Botos
-17- cs6kc-ttouos

The ncuter and femlninc sufflxeg naturally bclong here. According to

thesc statemcnta, the -ga, -Ica sufflxes, whlch thc Flnno-Ugric llngulsts
mentl.on repeatedly, are not of sl,avlc orlgln. Let us flnlsh our obscrvatLon Conpound form: -ttfa
trith this conelusLon: Grgr a8-t'tfa - aetlon
01d Turklsh: 14ik = cow Hungarl-ent t6.r.tcl - actlon ttl
Turklsh: inek - cow Jiive-tcl - eonlng
01d Slavic: Fonica = calf hlva-tal - offlcc .. , e-lc,
Flnnlah, morpholog:r penlkka= puppy
The -k syfflx became -c ln Old S1avlcl ln thls casc.lhe -a suffir rras the 17. Thc 01d Slavtc noun Euffhr -n4o
slgn of the femlnlne (demonstratl-ve pronoun). The Turkish sound -l- et thc danlr glver
beglnning of the word wss: to. . ln old Slavic ... branl- battlc
cf. OId Slavlc: ouienikz = student boltr-ni - sl,ckncss
oudonlca - glrl otudent, elc, Vogult bl-n)- llfe, dwelllng
FLnnlcht kohi-na - murnur
L5. The Old Slavic noun sufflx: -t4
6.8. blagoda-t6 = mercy I havc prcsentcd nlnciy pcrccnt of thc noun suffixcs of thc lnn4tnqc
s/6mr6-t4= dcath rhlch ls callcdrbld Slavlel
ta -t6- robbcr It cen slrcedy bc statcd that, ln thc language whlch ls cal.led Old
vLas -tG- Fower Slarlc, thc ordcr of noun tufftrctr togethar wlth aLl t,he sufflxes lc
peY -ta- ovon ldantlcal to that of thc eggluttnatlvc lenguagc6. Thercfore thc old Slavle
Tungu3ian: top -ti = sphere, ball languaga k not Indo-EurDpoen but ls a member of ihe great famllv of
kal -tt = scissors iSglutlnatlvc languagea.. .
Yakut: kYP -tY - u.3.
Turklsh: t6r -t - four
bi -t = Iouse
sYr -t - mountal"n ridge

16. The OId Slavic nonn sufflx: -E16 , written -tt{ and -ai-.lo
c.8. 6atb-!b16 - danger, peril
peE-al?" * mournlng
obit-tlG - dwelLlng
I4ongolian: Jobal = suffering
Jtrgal = happiness
Hungorian: tral6t = death
 -16- csdke-Botoc _r9- cs6ke-Botos

The formation of AdJcctives and AdJect,ivc S,tffl.xo". 3. Thc Old Slavlc posacarLvc edJcet!.vc auffh,l -{n%
CoSr yoleYod-ln% - of the leader (thc lcaderre)
I. AdJecbives ending in vowels lndlcated bv: - 16 rul-lnB - of the snake (the snakers)
e.8. mll% - fricndly, dcar l4arl-ln?a - of liary (lhryrs)
sltpe = bllnd vogulr - P isc2 - of the clty
chrom? - lame Firmtahr lain - of the fathcr (thc fatherrr)
souchto- dry Mongollanr ereyin - of the nen (the manrs)
Finnish: -i suffix nuorL - young
ChcrcnLcrl a6an$n - of the father (the fatherrs)
pioni - snal-l llurrltcr laldl-lna . of thtdl (narnc)
uusi = ncrd Urartu: urb-er-Lnn. - of the eacrlflce (sacrtflclal)
hyr5 = good lungrgte4,/Larmrt/ aD-?t r of the father
Sunerien: -a suffix gul-a = btg
nakat-e7rlr of the bcer
dug-a = good, nlce
Mongolian: yek-e - blg
4. Old Slevlc: -tsk?., -likn&, .<ik}
Hungarien: klcsi - smal1 G.t. 6lad-%k$ r sn*ct
fekete-black, etc.
krat-Zk% - lhort
2. The nrost usual sufflx: - Gnlo
Ilr- okt, - rlde
llulg'arianl puf- 6k - bloated
e. g. vbr 6 n'6 = falthful, loyal
zakon6n%- lawful
hac- 6k - llsr
Zyrlanr koknld-tk i .ffortLcsr
dI,l"{^nFl"- ovtLn|
ElBt'6nV- honorable JcJrd-lk - rhltlih
dosto6n?- daservlng
llordvlnl.an 6tl-ke - h6eyy
0stonlani -ne suffix kuve-ke - long
vegine - wct, damp
edeslne = far
Old Turklrhr siir-fik r chan
Zyrl-an: -ii sufflx vekr{t - narrow
Ia-r* - saintlx
01d Turkish: -.gsufflx 6ri2= 6"to
ttgl-lik - bllnd
ayan&y = honorable
TurkL;hr kfi-Ik - brrkcn
Vogul: -.7 suffix n*ag = famous sol-uk - faded
Mordvlnlan: ke/e2 * angry biiy-rik = bts erc.
salo, - sa1t, etc,
5. Old Slarlcl -v4 t -avzo(adJcctlvca showlng a chara.cterLstlc)
c of,r tl-vt - llvcly
tin-av3- mrddy
krtriv-avtr'"' bloody
I'lnnlsh: vere-vE - bloody
Llha-va - moaty
 -20- Csoki-Bgtos _2L_
csSke-Botog

cf. llhe-v - ncaty Hungarlant ( nagy)-riird- ( bls ) -€ared

uordvlnlan: salo-v - galt
... - f6t6 - ... -lesgcd
6, 01d Slavlc: -llyl.i ldantlcaL to the 01d Turktsh rdJcotlvc e,ttttx -t / -e ...- kezii - t.. - hands , elc.
Phonctlcc: ?l)X )v Thls suffli la ldcntleal to tho Sunerlan -ag/-ak genl-Llvc sufflx.
c.8. mltost-lv? - pltlful Phonetlcg: as) ) 1"r
* "1 lgii
)E - -Gl-6
straU -1vr6 - fcarful *cii ) eu) ev --eYt /-ova .,.
ltn- 1r% - lazy cf. litrrgarlanr posacoslvc aufflxcs -6 and -t
Old Turklshr a8r-lg - ln love
slotaT' - negllgcnt 9. The Old Slavlc possessLvc edJcetlve sufflx -tt belongs lo Lhe abovc
arll - clcan group ard ls ldentleal to tha f,u6gE!.tmg ibngoll"n -6, -i, -aJ., -e|, -l
Flnnlsh: vikcvi - Etrong and to the Sunerlan -a61 and thc Urartu -c/-l arrl ls not of Indo-European
klrJava i coloufflrl origlnr
Old Slavlel reb-ll - of the prLsoner
7. 01d Slavle suffl-x clusterr -tltr% . l'or lts funetlon cf. abovi prr-ll r of the do6
01d Turklshl -lltr otc. tff qf+1e / - uhose? /ttt/ Huryo,ia,'tkit?/
c.g. razom-y'liv? - lntelllgent l,longollant qaden-al - of the Khan
aavld-€llvt6 'anvloug ef. qa6en-l - lrr3r
poslouU- dllrL- obedlcnt Urartu! ilt-nu-a-1-n6-e-1' MLnuars ete.
Phonctlca: -rrf, ) 1r1) uu ) ut
01d Turkish: ada-Ilf, - dangcrous Noici Th€ rrl.tcr, rhen hc nakca thls ltngulstlc eomparLson, does nob uac
tiir-liig - nannGrlY hypothettcal etynol-ogy but takct hl"s lnformatlon from rrrltten documenhed
qutf-flf' deacrvlng Itngulrtlc data.
cf. Egtonian: lapee-llk - chtldlsh ctc.
The slmplc posscsslve adJcctlrc sufflx belongs In thls qroup, bhe -l sufflx,
8. Old Slavlc pos6c8lrl,vc ceacl -oylf, and -61116
rrltben - ?
c.8. Srom-ov? - of thc thurrdcr G.B. Old Slavlcl 6lovti-a. hunan /Hung.t ernber-l/
$o8-ovl6 r noon - prophetle
pmroE-t
L(ev-otS - of thc llon /oroazL6nos/ natcr-6 - notherly /tlung,t anya-l/
Pctr-ov€ - Pcterrs Huhf,elilbnl ktrfly-t F royal
r {parltcl-dva - of the Savlour fir-t - gentlemanly
l{ordvlnlanl nud-ov-rlthahols &rya-l r notherl"y otc.
kiv-cv - atony naturally thla suffir can be found also ln the ot,her agr.l-uttnatlve lnnqrrngor.
sod-ov ..sooty
plL-cv - blg-cared(l)
 -22- cs6kc-Botos -2)- csSkc-Botos

10. 01d Slavlc! *1&, - 4ltt,, !tsr,t lz' Let us flnlih by taklng thc ord slavle ;osscs.rlve adJcctlve s'ffixes
e.g. krge-l% - round vhlch ean bc found ln t'hc ocroan end Baltrc languagca: -sko, wrltten:
top-L% E warn -6skv. Lct us rtatc thet thla forra ls aetually a conpound taken from the
srtBt-+t?' - bright e8glutlnatlvc languagco lnto thg Baltlc and Gernan languages because the
k %4s-t1% = sour lrnguagc rhleh ls caLlcd Old Slrvtc, in ltr llngulstle etrueture end voeabrrrary,
Chorcmlss: teur-lc = swect, tasty balongl to thc eggl,utlnaf,ita Languagesr
kuat-Ic - powerful, strong Proofr.
. t5n5s-1e = peaceful Thc eornpoundt -4aktb1 -6a*to
Turklsh: sewlm-ll - dcar Tunguclary'larnut/ I -lsff( -ar-kt
t
tiiy-lii - feathered | -tskt
,
tat-IY - gwoet -skl ...
V
kan-Il - bloody mcanlng: belonglng t6 ronconc or ;ornethlng.
?unggsian/tamut: bu7 tu-ll - round, sphorlcal Thcoc compound ruffhcr ean bc found ln thc loLloring anclent wrltuen
nibu-1l = dLehevellcdr etc. doeurontad forml:
Urartu: -sc - tr (posscsslrc)
n. The OId Slavi-t denonstratlvc adJcctlvc sufftx: -{fi{; ls idcntlcal -Di - posscaslvc adJcettvc srrffix
to the Hungarlan lativus sufflx: -nl llurrltc: -[i t u.".
e.8. plBa-{fi4 = first ..8. Ura.tu; ur-bu-e-sc - b€longlng to the sacrlflce
poslBd-46€ * lasl Sardurl-fl - Sardurlrc
outr-146 - nornl-ng Hunltcl pab-an-24 - of the nountlln, thc mountalncs
b].'r,E-1"t4 * noarby Thc conponenttt -sc + dr ) -ac71,
Hungarlan: ...Pap-nl Tu4uslan/,aort3
...mcster-nyl ::;1,
...dobds-ny1-ra rrr i ,..as far &a onc cen throw ...
...p111anat-nyl-ra... - ln the baLtlng of an cyelld.. e{r. thc conpound auffhl I. -rc
Naturally thls sufflx can also be found Ln SumerLan. Thcrefore we cannot Flnhtoh! puu-katr/ks -Usz/ - belonglng to the tree
take lt to be a sufflx borowed from the SlavLc lanErage.
niie-krt - belonglng to the htll
From these observatlons, we nay etate that the adJectlvo sufflx ln
cf. ala-c - undcr
the language which is ca11ed 01d Slavlc, ln all lts forms, is noi
yl6-r - up
Indo-European but ls ldentlcal to the fonns of the aggtutinatlve languaqes.
ilongollan: iindc-s
Chafo[lrst JatS -rc - of thc rtllagc, ah.
 -21+- cs5ke-Botos e}- cslka-Botos

Formatlon of ldtcrbr,rtth Sufftial

II . -f,r, -fd
Mongollan: aqayln-kl- = bclonglng to the older brother
Kazanl Tatar: atan{-q{ = bel,onging to the father
r) Adv.rbr of plec6!
ALbalc Turklsh: atanY-f,! = u.e. OLd9laYlc: -dc? - $hor.?

01d Turklsh: fUrli-n - of the lnside c.8. ktdc - khcre?

Tungusian components: E wi -skl = hcre nlktdc - norherc
aug-ski - back lBr%a" - soncnh6re
tule -skl = out ot$dc - hcrc
tawa-skl" = therc, !tc. on%da - thtrc
01d S1avlc: t:.o,f\E-bsk6 = human rktde r cvaqrxhera
za-$sktlc = carthly llongollent -dl, -de
Vol_4aXQo = godlI cndc - hcrc
nebes-rsk?, * heavenLy, etc. tcndc - thcrc
qotalada - svcrJnhcrc
dergcdc - bcaldc, at
Old lurklrhl qanta - rhcrc?
Turkilht ncredc - ttrlr 2 ?fc.

b) tdrcrta of tlnc: -t de-.i - nftcn?

OLd Slavlet kogda - rhcrl?
onU gda - then
ovlagda - nor
v{regda - ar17[Luc
llongollant nar.6hda - tonorror
bnldc - t long tlnc ago
nsauda - cvcrltlnc
urtuda r |lo!r

Nota thrt the

exarapler mcntloncd aboyc are ldentleal to thc loeatlvc -o'r!
cndlrga of the 1urklsh languagc. thcse cndlnlgg hccame sufflres rlhleh
provar thab the 0Ld Sl-avlc language ls an agslutlnetive lanquaf,o.
 g',t* cJ6ke-Botos
{6- cs6ke-Botos

Thc Vcrb sufflx.

c) Ablatlve case: -z(-at, -fr -dou
e.g. t)fidt - frorn here
k8dt - fron khere?
Ststcncnt.
on,$dou - from there
lnAdb - fron somewhere else
Thc strueture of rerb rufflxcs arxr thelr elernents ln thc old slavle
lu.ordvlnlan: aLdo, elda = under
Flnnlsh: alte ' u.s.
J.anguagc k ldentlcal to the rtructure of verb sulflxes ln [he acqluLlnat.lvo
languager.
l,appS r Jillede - fron the host
olkodc = from outsidc
Proof.
Ol"d Turkish: qanyuda - fron whcrc? eLc.
In the Langurgc vhich lc called Old SLavle, the verb sufflxes are arlrtnrl
to two verb roots, the LnflnLtive (vcrb-noun) root anrl the present tense
Let us close our observatlon wlth the fol"lowing stetem.nt. The advcrblal
sufflxes actually orlginate from case-endings Just as we have aeen abovc. A root. Let us cell thesc roots by t,hclr abbrcylated terms - lnf. root arrd
prcto footr
pure voweL case-ending could also become a suffix, e.g. OId Slavtc
ve6er'?a = evenlng (n.) (Hung. egl - evening thc lnf. roott can bc dlrldcd into two eategorl-cs, e) root wlthout
ve{er-'L= in the evenlug (adv.) tufflx end b) noot rlbh sufflx. Lct uc cxamlnc the grorrp of verb roots
est-e = in the eveninq) !!l
rl.thout aufflx:
Compared io Lhe Ofd Slavlc sufflx, the I'bgyar language uses the locatlvc
case as does the rrongollan: maful-a = badlyi qata[ul-a = urercllcssly nlt-tt /(xnel-|.i/ - nlt"lsi lnf"root: mft- (*mef-
Actually we are talklng of the datlve case. The systems are lderrtlcal 1n
kla-tf /<*1oL-Il/ - but,chcrrt lnf . root: kla- 4+1o1-
mar\y cases together with all bhe elenLentg. Just, one cxamnle: bra-tl. /<*Aor-t't/ - flghts; [nf, root: bra- 4 *6o"-
01dSlavic: dolt * do*n
Old'turkish: qodl = down Thc nostanclint forn of thc root erdcd ln a consonant; the corrsonnrrt
Chegatai: koJl=rlown changed placc rlLh the preecdlng voncL. ef. above. From thls we eBn s.o
that, the conoonant crusf,er et the beglnnlng of the rord ls not soare klnrl of
I befieve that no further comment is necctssary. cuperlor llnqul,sttc eharacteriatlc but ls a conunon lLngulstte rleterlorat.lorr.
€.8. thc verb roofs whLch crrd ln -r ard -t ln the so-callcd Old Sl&vle lnrrtrutrr,.:
nes-tL - carry
pas-tl - graze
v6z-.- ' drtvc (Lransltlvc)
Er?.1D-e - chew
-d erd -t errdJ.nga3 met-c- - s$eep
plet-e-- strrln
pad-e- - fallr drop
bod-a- - stab, prlck
-k and -g endlngs: pek- - roaat
t'ek - - run
 -46- Cs6kc+Botos
.'.9- csdke-Botoc

l! re oan !er, th,. purc rcrb-root, rlthout guffh, ls not a Slavle

Xeg- - 6n"tt llnguiattc cheractcrktic, but rathor a charactcrlrtlc of thc erqlutlnet,lvr
nog- * havc lrrguagc!.
fr crdlng: f{r- - rub Eubt rn thc old slavlo lrngnegc oan forn a ncrr vcrb-root fron e noun
n4r- * dic . ... ok. ''6
lnd froo e vcrt. Thcrcforc ln thc old slevlc language thcre ls a dcnomlnal
In Oslyak: wdr- - dor,r rnd I dcrorbal vcrb ruffk, Jurt ar ln any othcr ag8lutlnatlvc lan3uagc.
man- a 99,..,:i In thc follotlng, nc rlll prcrent thc strueturc of verb suffh.cc.
am6t - bc pleascd thc lnf. root haa thc auffkcrt -c-r -t-, and -t-
Jont- = plaY,: Thc -a- rufftrt gti8r-a- - b! annoycd / d,enonlnel/
JinS- - drink,.; efr:,. kon4t-e- - cnd ,/denonlnal/
Here belong the verb-roots without suffix, which end ln a vorel: poher-e- . ahor
bi-tt - strlker beat lnf. root: bl- ltblr-e- - ch@tc
vl-ti = turn lnf. root: vl"- thc -t- tufftr onto$- - bcconc cllrnt
poEl-tl = rest lnf. root: podl- orlab$- ! bceonc *cak
i
In Ostyak: "tl-t- r.coy€r
Ji-tl - come lnf. root: Ji- oun-t- - undorstand, Bature
l:-tl - cat lnf; root: 1)- JBa$- - rlt
nu-ti - bw lnf. roott nr- ctc. Thc -l- sufflxt vod-l- - lced,
Sirailar verb-root' ati\lctures can bc found in any agglutlnativ6 Ianguagcr er-l - ahor, polnt
Mongollan: bo1- = lsr wlll, la pooclbl.e port-l- - fut
Turklsh: bol+ - u.!. tort_l_ - trcatr cntcrtal"n
Vogul: o1- - uoao boget-i- - bcccoc rl.ch
MongolLan: gar- - stop fortard, comc out, forn Thcaefornr arc not of rndo-Suropoan orlgln, but rathcr ean bc rhown
Turklgh: sa[- - gttt.rc, mllk to hevc ldcntlcal forne ln thc agglutlrutlvc Ldnguagcr rlth en Ldcntlcal
functlon ard phonctlc rtruoturo. Thuri
bo[- = tle; tanglc Ol.d Slavlc: -e-
In the Mongollan language it ls alrcedy a ver$al sufflx: JB.
kcse_ _ punlsh -t-
delc- = strlke, knock Old lurklch: -a-
biikl- - bcnd -i-
tfr'Flnnlsh6t pago- ' run -r-
-t-
-u-
-ii- cts.
 40" csdkc-Botos
-JI* Csdke-tbtos

e.B. OId Turklshl kfiE - strenglh k'n6-5- = stral-n

OId Slavic Cbr$- - near
Thutt Old 9l-avlcr -n9-
OId Turkish: et - name at-a- - call
Old S1avlc: grlBv-a- - bc annoyed
Flnnlahr -ne- , atc"
01d Turklsh: kiif_;_ - pralsc
Qrtr bY3k-no- - clatter
cEch-ng- - 61y
OId Slavi.c: ehval_i- * praise
Mongoll,an: bar-l-- catch Poma-nq- - rcnenbcr
tft6r-n9- - dLreppcdr
dar-u* = push, gqueezc
ougar-no- - .xtlngulsh
sab-a- - beat, whlp
Lappfl Eourge-nl - teerc
- u.6.
sab-1,-
Flnnish: (raialeot) pod-e- - bc slckly
F: -!lt down
Sokke-nc-
botta- nc- - lrrclL
Jan-u- = be thirsLy
Ftnrd.ahSl pekc-na- . run for$ard
It aeens as though the above three verb sufflxes of tho Old Slsvlc
vanhe-nc- - bceono old
lnf. root are l"n reallty onc olcment beeauso thc languagc whlch ls callcd
Old Slavlc ln lts origi,n io an agglutlnatLvo languagc and , as such, knew
rlc-nc- - .l.nk
Thc old slavlc -Jc-, rrlttcnc -f€-, frequcntatlrc form, eontlnuablvc
vowel harmor\y aLso. This ls lrherc thc vowel harmony of the dlfferenL forms fornr,
originates.
fornr thc rcpctttlvr vcrbal forr.
Old Slavlcl |nf. rootr pokg-e- - rhort
Thus: 01d Sl-avlc: gntv-a- = bc annoycd
prca" root,: pokez-c-Jc - ia ahowlng
Ol-d Turklsh: bo!-a- - free
Old Slavlc: bol-t- = bc slckly J"ablr-a-.- aclcct, choooc

01d Turkish: kiid-ri- = straln lzblr-a-Jc- Ls chooslng

01d Slavlc: Post-l- - fast narle-a-Jc-- lt nanlng
OId Turkish: ii1-1- - danpen etc. a€Ildz-e-Jc- 1r burnlng
Hcr6 wc cannot talk of borowed f,ortrs, thcrefore the only possJ.blllty rrbote-Jc- ls rorklng
ls ldentical forms. Thla forn 1r Ldcntlcal to thc vcrlflablc ialrt6d llorms i.n the ural-Altnte
Note: In Judgtng the funcllon of the sufflx, we are not allowed to dlsregard lenguagcar -tJt-u -J1-, -Je-
Lhe rules of polysemantles" t{t" }tongollanr bbkt- - bcnd
Thc suffix -no- which ts added bo the l"nf. root, wrltten: -nfi -, pronounccd: bbkt-Ji- - lc bcndln8
ir a vorbal sufflx whlch for'ns thc lnstantaneoue verb form. Thls Old Slavlc qalf-Jf- - fu bcndlng
elcuent is identical to the exlstlng instantaneous verbal suffix of the Slordvlnlanlt fcpl-Jo--fu euttlng
agglutlnatlvc languages: -nc-1 -n-e tostl-Je- - fu knocklng
Fr varl-Ja- * le blecdlng
stl-Je- - ia laying
0styakr 6off-:f- - ts lteklng
JastI-Jt- - is raylng
 -32- cedke-Botog
'|5!- csdko-Botos

IappSr koca-Jc- - ls ewakening

l{ordvlnlrnl llmdc-tc -r n6ne

puola-Je- - ig burning
kado-v- - rcmaln

Hungarlan: hever-5-sz - ts ldng (phonetlcs: Jc) 3)

lazo-v- - orack
panlo-v- opcn
Ie6el-5-sz - 1g grazlnS
kotor-5-sz * ls groplng
f,epp5l koddot-ovc- - hana

OId Slavic! (contractlon) Vo3uLXr tet-oil- - brlng

pres. roott pas-c - grezes
vcz-€- r travek
net-e- - Bwecpt
v
pei-e- - frier (phonotlcc: Jc) c)
01d Slavlc: Jc)i
inf. root: bol-:B- - beconc sick
pres. root: bol-i- - ls clckly
lnf. root: vel-1il = cornmand
pres. root! vel-i- - connands
lnf. roott dr*tj-a-' hold
pres. root: arVt-t^ - hoLds out
Finntshl Jc)l
paina - push, squeezc
paln-l- - rrestles
nata- - wriggle, aquirn
nat-i - sllde, cllnb
but polk-l = glvcs blrth ; polk-a *
Eun-l-layg Inuna.cgg
pcs-l - ncsts ; pcgd - nrst
Ur-ot_ - guard
llungarlan: ndryJ-a* i tor6
n(a- 6<ft r stretch
cft harag-uv-' ... 6tc.
thur rc havc prcacntcd thc structurs of the rcrbal aufflx and lbo
elcocntr ln ihc larguagc GrllGd Old Slavle. Thc strueturc ard elemcntt of
thl Old Slavlc rarbel rufflx arc Ldcntlcel to thcrc of thc agRlutlnatlyr
languagcl. Thcrcforc thc rtructire of the noun and verb aufflxes of thc
OI{ Slerlo languagc. lr agglutlnat,lvcl In no reJr ls lt Indo-Europoan.
lftg arr thc Flnro-Ugrlc ltngulste rllcnt about thlc fact of llngulotlo
hlltort?.lrd rlry rr. th6 $letlolcta atlcnt?
!g}lt Th.r. li not onc tcrbel tufflr clcncnt ln the languagc rhleh la
aill.d Old ltLarlc rhlch has no ldcntlcal foru ln the egglutlnatlvc Languatrrl
eoa

Flnally: The function of the Old Slavlc Vcrbal sufflx -ovs- ls the repeatlng
of an action and l-s reflexlve. The idcntlcal verbal gufflx ln thc agglutinatlvc
languagcs !s -v- (reflcxlve).
Thus!
1nf. root: dar-ov-a - glvc preacnts
obtd-ov-a =.at lunch
ndl-ov-a - synpathlzc
rad-ov-a = reJolca
Lnen-OV-a - nane
 '31+- ce6kc-Botos -35- ca5ke-Botog

The Verbal Noun and lts Sufflx ef. ln0r 28.1, ,A

Itlotcl Thc slmllar clcrnents of tho lufflx _ta_ tn the Old SLavlc and the
In 01d Slavlc: -t1 egglutlnatlve languagca grrr out, of thc oldcr sunerlan form to take
on
Ostyak: -ti. thclr presont shapc. Thcrcforc thc cuffh _ta_ Is not of Slavlc or
FLnnlgh: -ta, -t'd, -da, -dii Indo-Europ0an orlginc, but Sumcrl.an.
The Indo-Europcan llngulats and thel-r supportefs, thc Flnno*Ugrl'c
llnguists, would say t,hat thc Flnn-ostyak languagee borrorred thcsc sufflxes rn conelua{on, 1ct us takc thc dcvcrbal" noun rhosc conncctLons Blclfel.dt
as a result of thelr lower ranking orlglns. Lct us aleo observ? the Ural- 6r$lal.n! on p. 2Jj, 0p.Clt.
Altaic sfunllarltles. LGt ur rec thc turklgh rtnllarltlcs:
cf. Ramstedt, Elnfiihrrrng ... II p.1I9: 'rThe sufflx -ta ls ln Korcan thc Ulghurr kll- - rir!, conc r *Il+f - futurc
lnflnltlve endlng --the usual lexl-cal form of the verb.n... kii_ , perr t kiF-tt - paat
The Sunerlan connectlona concl"psiveLy provc that thls sufflx 1s not 01d Slartct de_ - glvc I da-t4- gtft
of nSlavictr orlgln but that it ts actually a compound... f,i- - Llvc 2 tL-t6- ltfa
The truth ls that we cennot claln that the Foreans borrowed thi.s sufflx! Thcroforc, fnon thet pagG, uc cannot say that the 01d sravrc verbar
tct us now make tho comparl.sons. noun rufflt LN of Indo-Europcen orlgtni

Old Slavlcl kloveta-tl, = suspect

po{l-tl = rest
chvall_tl ;, glorlfl
ves-ti = travel
Korean: nek-ta - cat
kada = go
l!-ta - bc, exlst
Flnnlsh: tchdi - do, act
syb-di - eat
0styak: taJ-tl - have
Jl-tl - come
Jot-tl - PlaY
Suncrlan: d6-ge-da - bcautlfy
k6-acda * clean
nu-aka-da * not to do
gi1-ra-da - need
afie-ga$ = be gsod, otc.
 -36^ csSke-Bo!os t)'l- cs6kc-Botos

PRONOUNS
(plu.)
Old Slavlcl nt&4- rc
Flnnlshe nc - u.r.
I. Porsonal- Pronouns
Lapp6r ,il - u.r.
Chcrcnlcsl mc, nfi - u.a.
Old Slavic: (sing.) azTo= T
Totyakt rnt - u.r,
Old TurkLsh: oz = person; you; person; I l{ongollant na-, ba- - u.s.
Flnnlsh: ltse u. s.
SutnerLant mc - u.!. elc,
cf. dia]ect: Iz. u.s.
1i, a u.s" Old Slavler vfd, - you (llungarlan: ttk, tl)
Mordvinian: ';6 s rrsc eE. Notct thls clcment ls a eomblnatlon of the pereorul pronowrs t,e+d - tl (yorr)
NoLc: camot say that the 01d Turklsh word ls a borrowing as we cen 8!e aa for cxanplc Ln ths Tunguslan language: sii6>6Ua - tl (you).
We In aerualtt.y
thabrin the language which ls called Old SlavLc, the truc ncanlng of the sli-i ' tc-d... the old slavrc conbrnatron however is: vt(y-i(LhaL ls
personal pronoun 'raz6 - I tr l-a rr4yse1f, my personrr . Therefore thlc tQ,l (ttr'6. Thc corrcratron of the first crernent of thesc combrnatrons
elenent ls not of Indo-European orlgin. ln thc agglutlnatrrc Languager r.r uncertarn, therefore Lhls qucstron for
thc moncnl rcaral-nr unensvercd. Thc cupposed rndo-Fruropcan orrgrns have not
OId Slevtc: (slne.) t'L4t= yot, bccn prorcn by ltngulrttcc.cLthcr...
LappSl to- = u.s. Thc reflcxlvc pcrtonal prohoun, sc- - nqyself, hlmsclf (lU hag no
Mordvini.an: to- = [oa. nonlnetlrc eacc and no pLural nrnbcr), has an cqulvaront rn rhe cherenlss
CheremLssi t3-, tl- - u.s. languagc: 5kc - nryaclf. Thc Old Sleylc t scbc, !-a thc genlHve easc, ilri
Votyak: to- - rlre. root bclngr ccb- rhlch consLatr of thc rootronl sc- and tha rcflcrLve
ZytIan: te- = u.a. aufflx -b. Thls sufftx ls thc posresorva of thc agglutlnatlvo languages
lr'rongol-ian: Ei- - llrs. crg. Tunguslanr -bi... Cf. Ecnlln6, Dlc tunqurlschen Spraehen 125"
Flnnlsh: sl- = ursr Nor lct ur lhor thc Lhlrd pcraon of the pcrconal pronouns and lra ehnl
I
Old Turkish: sl-- - urao dLscua! thc qucstlon of gcndcr eko.rn thrc easc rc shall uge not Lhe
Sunerl-an: za/zc-, zl-/ - u.a. etc. Old Slavlc but thc Serbo-Croatlan cqulvalents. Thus r tha Scrbo_Croat.tAn
The original anclent forrn ls the Srunerlan. Ttre othcr clcments orlglnate fron pcrsonal pronouns, lrd. perr. rlng. :
bhia form. . nascullnc: on - he
Hlstorlcal Phonetics: ze-/21- ) Cheremlss : ta-, t|- femlnlnet ona - shc
Zyrian : te- n6uter! ono - it
llongollan: di- lqt ur gbatc that thlc chlrractarlrtlc ls not of Slavle orlgln but it 5616r,""
Flnnlsh/Turklsh: el/se- to tho agglutlnatlve langueger. thc dlfforanhatlon of gencler ls a rr,14 tFor,nt.l.,
What, data can prove the Indo-European otlgln? constructed rlth bhe denonstratlrc pronoun.
 i!.le'

:jd: cs6ke-Botos
.39' cs6ke-Botoa

Proof
2n Thc Dcnonctratlvc Pronoun.
ts thc orlglnal personal pronount conslstlng of
The on = he (masc.)
o- and -n, the pronominal sufflxl
ona = she (fem.) ts the pronoun o-, the pronomLnel suffl-x -n- and the
r) old slavlc: 0% - thlr (naoc.)
demongLratlve pronoun -&; te - u.s. (fen.)
ono = it (neut.) !"s the pronoun o-, the prononlnal sufflx -n- and the to - u.r. (ncut.)
de&onstrative pronoun -o. Flnnlshr tf- - thlr
Thc ortglnal meanihg of the fenlninc pcrsonal pronoun was: o-n-a- r tu- - thatr that onc therc
she-that-there; the neuter : o-n-o - 1t-that-herc.... llordrlnlant tc- - thfur tMa ona hcrc
Or1glnally, the language whLch ras callcd Slaylc dld not havc a to- - thet'r that onc tharc
difference ln gendcr. Durlng thc dovclopnent of the languag., ths folk ChcrGnls!t tl& - shlt
etynoJ-ogy developod that poselbility. fn thls parti*cular easc, thcy tr8a . tnat
lndlcated the dlfferencc ln gcndcr wlth dcruonstratl-ve pronoung and thls tuSo - thet, that onc therc
latcr spread to the other parts of speech. The abovc elenents cxlst ln thc lJ.t. llongoll.ant tcra - that, that onc thcro
agglutlnative ]anguages a1so. Cfr tcdc - hcrf
c.6.: Serbo-Croatian: on o-n - hc cf. Czceh! tcdsr - \.s. /ttt/
Turkish: b -he llorth [orcant tJc, tc - thrt thcrc, that
plural: o-lar they Tungurlan; tf- - that
cf. on-lar = u.e. lbghuor: tc- - thatr Chat onc thcrc
ilanchurlan: 1-he frareni Taterr tbgf, ttgt - thet thcrc
wibh the pronorni.nal sufflx: l^n - u.s. Sutr6r1sn! bc 376, 7l - thatr whlch
MongoIJ-an: ln, lna - u.s. t'e 139, 27 - thatr rrtrlch
Hungarlan: xe-ii)*eii)cw - d (hc) root; e- tl-ay ?1, 22 - hct Chat onc
Sumerlan: e- or a- - 6Ge)
Flnnlsh: hfin = hc (h- prothesls) b) 01d Slaflo! a[ - Chat (naee.)
tdith these we havc pboven that the personal pronoun, 3rd. pcrson 1L - u.c. (fcn)
of the Sl-avic language belongs to the agglutinatl"ve languages and the 86 - uolo (ncut. )
dlfferentiatlon of gender slmply occurs wlth the demonstratlvc Ff,onouns. Old Tutkhhr iu .thet thcrc
furklchr 3u -that thcrc
Jakutl subu - that
Flnnl.shl cc - thlcr that
ef. slcltl - fron therc
cf. Itlnff - therc, over thorc
 -40- csBke-Botos
-tiI* csSke-Botos

c) 01d slavicl onl[, ona, ono ; that (a11 three gcndere)

In thc flnal rnalyrls, thc possosslvc auffixi -l; lo"r baek to the
Turklrht o - thatrthat therc
.r' Tatar: Sr.rncrlan cuffk, -ag/ak, nhleh formcd the posscaslrc ease andlng es wc
KaaanJ ana - thatt lherel
heva rlrctrdy explalned.
Basklrian: allE t tli3r
. , Now let us go back to.thc elrtbdy menLlonJpersonal pronoun in The ranc thlng occurr ln the rceond pcrson slngular, the only
dlffcrcnco bcln6 thet rc can rcc the posdesslvc caBc Ln ltr orlclnel fonn.
Serbo-Croatian: on, ona, ono = he .
togcther rtth the danonrtrrtlvc pirttcl"r.
Word formatlon: Thc 01d.SlavLe dcrnonatratl.ve pronounronrB9 onai ono
provca that thc languages shlch have been decl"ared to be SlavLc, thc Old Slrvlcr trol( tv..ol - Jrourt
lrd" person of the lrersonal pronoun concs frcm lhe aggrutlnau"ve languages troJa(tv-ol-a r yourr (frmr)
and the gender dlfferenbiatlon takes placo wlth the demonstratlve Dronoun tvoJc(tv-ol-r - Jrour, (ncut.)
-- Phonatlecr Sunert"an: -ag)-ql Mongollan: -al/c[)-t
wit,hout any superiority...
Hungarlan: -cy) -5)-f
3. The Possesgive Personal Pronouns" Old Slevle: -ot) -1
Thcrcforcr Old Slavle: bvol(tv-oL
Ol,d Slavic: moi = mlne (masc.)
Hungarlan! tt-6d
noh.a : moJa (fem.) l{ongolLang norln-s* - of the horsc
lfln th" thlrd person, Old Slrvle has no possesslvd pronounrr
moFe : moJc (neut.) sal<l
Thls whore consbrucLion ls a genitlve consLruetlon, not a real- possesslva Blelfcldt, 0p. Ctt. p" flr? rL7L/L n but lt us6! thc fo.llowlng posaesslva
porsonal pronoun, Jusb as l"n any other agglutinatlve Language. Thus: conrtruetLontn
mol(mo-l (masc.) rc$o rl4nt- hLc eon, Just as ln the Rusrlan langrrnsa.
noJa(rno-J-a (fem) Thcrcfore: l€go sYt,A+ - hLc son ,/ pronounccdz Jcgo/ lLteral mearrlnn:
noJe(no-J-e (neut. ) hLa aon (chtfd).
The root mo- ls the prrsonal pronoun - I - , as ln any othtr agglutinatlvc llongollanr Lnu nom - book hla l.c. hls book
languagc. The sufflx -1 ls the possessive suffix which can erso be seen ln ThLs atructurc l-s not Indo-European end not Slaviee but goea baek to
the Mongollan fanguage: ldcntlcol forar ln the agglutlnatl.vc languages.
norin-i * of the horse lnalysl! ! lcgo - Jcgo (*6-9-6 - 51t
01d Slevlc mo-l - of that. cf. thc trenacrlbd Rusclenr Ji-r-6lll
Llkewlse Lhe Hungarlan word : enyfn (mine) : .ny-6-^, ls a possesslve Hungartant 6-v-C
construction. l{onqollanr t-n-u/ pronomlnal partlelc
In 01d Slavic, Lhis constructlon ls expanded t,o the fcninine pender wlth a Suncrlant -r-nl/ Sumorlan p,oesessive suff{r, lrd. prrr. rllrp
llttle denonstratlve suffixl -a - that. Thc orlffl-x, -nl
has a genitlve funetlon"
Therefore 1n that case, we cannot speak of Indo-European origlns. RogerdL€oc of, ho* nnrch rc obJcct to thls faet, thctlold Slavlctj l€io
lr of Hungarlan orLgln -- rhlch j"a tcrrlblc aven to thlnk oflti
 cs6ke-Botos 43t_ cs8kc-Botos
-42-

thc ruffh! _llk6 - quantlty

4. The Intenogati.vc Pmnouns.
Old Elavicr ko-ttkb - hor nany?
to-llk% * a! dany as, Bo
Old S1avlc: kt6l,o? - vho?
Old Turklehr tlinrn-llg r about ten thousard
E'ab? = wh&t,?
nt? -Iig r rLlr
Both pronouns.are conpound words. klbto consista of kE? = who?
,
the lnterrogativc pronoun, and -to - thatr the dcmonstretlvc pronoun. rts
lltcral of Y,fo- ,lr tl,
rneaning lsthrho-that?rt The cecord word conslsts
the interrogatlve pronoun, le forncd by thc paLatallzetlon of k6tt
whLch
and also the demonstratJ-vc pronoun -to - that. Thcrcfore lltcrally: rhat-thet?
wc havc secn thc rolatlonshlp of the dcoonstretlvc pronoun
-to - that; nor vc
shall show thc Ural-Attaic s{n{laritlar lrlth rcgard to thc lntcrrogrtiy€ pronorho
01d Slavlc: k/6Lo?- who?/ u1.o-t.o.t/
Finnlsh: kon? - rho?
I'Iongollan: kcn? - wtro?
01d Turklsht klm? - who, that-rrho?
Turklsh: kin? { u.s.
Sunerl-an! kl 46I, 21 - X., X,t = thc one nho, that whlch, xhoeltr:..
what data provcs the atrlctly rndo curopcan origl-n of thes; partlclca?
Concluslon:
Ol"dSlavic: k,r-4I, ka Fa, kol€ - whlch
cf. Scrbo-Croatlan: koJi, koJa, koJe - [rar
01d Turkish, Ulghur: qeJ'u - u.E.
cf. qayu-sl - lho anong thcrn?
Tunguslan: haJ? - who?
Llthuanlan: tis - ursr (Indo- Europcan?)
Senskrlt: kinr - rhat?
,The ncgatlve ls formed wlth the partlclcs: nt_ and _ie:
c.8. Cheremlss: nltri ft nt--kit/ - nobody
old Slevlc: nik€to-Xe - nobody
cf. Turklsh: hlg kim-sc - nobody
The ne8atlve particre -nr-- cannot be of rndo-European orlgln becausc
lt cxists in Sunerian also: nu 7516 - ncgatlve
 -+4-- csBke-Botos -b9- csBke-Botos

TllE NUriifr,AIS Iot uo repcat that the Flnnlahr edl6c - j.n front of, flrst
Old SlavLct F€dtnlb - t
The Cardlnal Nu&erals. pronounccd! J;dlno
b) Statceant.
According to linguJ,etlc reseereh, the ldontlcal fcatureg of the Thc numaral 2 Ln the language whlch is called Old Slavle is noL of
numerals when compared ln two or norglanguaEies are of declslve l-mportance, Indo-Etrropcan-slav ortgln but l,! ldentlcal to tha nuneral 2 Ln the aggtutrn;rt.tva
Let us present a few exalrples thet show thet thc 01d slavlc nunerals cannot !.angue6el.
be declared to be of rndo-Iruropean orlgln. Let us dlscuss the numerafs Proof
lr2rl and l-0O which are identlcal ln Old Slavlc and ln the agglutlnativc Thur, Old Slarle! dtva.2 (nasc.). It j"s elear thet thls nord, ln
languages. Thus; ltr orlglnal forrn, 1r nlthout e consonant clustcr. Thcr:forc the inLennerH;rl.r
Old Slavlc: p6din% , l-€dlna, l€dino = 1 (three gendcre) vor..Ls 6tlll The ncanlng of thls rord lo not 2 butrrthe followlnq",
d[va, d/6vt * 2 (throe gcnders) er ln latln.."
"rltt. .lust.

Lr.lot€, trl = 9 (three genders)

sGto - 1o0 (three genders)
a) SLatenent:
In the O1d Slavic languagc, the nuneral, Ir ls not of Indo_European Hlatorlcal Phonctlcar aan'a)aep)dava - d%va
orrgln but goes back to simirar fragnents 1n thc agglgtlnetlve languages 8nd Thua Hongollant de{ etold Slavler d%va - 2 l.e" the followtnq
actualll' lt has no meanlng as a nutncral. cf, Suncrl,anr do! L69/213/6/9 o approaehrarld, companton
Ploof:
o) ttatetrent.
Leb rrs take the OId Slavlc: tedin% Tttc nuncral 3 ln Old Slarl€, tr4l€ tranrcrlbed trlJe * I doas not
pronounccd: Jedlno
trcen| 3 but trthat onc thorcnn Ag ruch Lt gocs back to the agglutlnat,lve
Lhe root is: Jedin_ lrnguagcr, ln thic care thr f{ongollan languager
Thlg r'rord is ldentlcal to the Flnnlsh word: esi = in front of, before, in front
trrc - thet onc therc (demonstratlve pronoun)
KarJala dialcct I edl6c = u.s.
&eel"
rJuuo I edir{c - the flrst Lttcrary llongollant tcrc - thet onc thcrc
Therefore, Old Slavlc:
"JcdInE,wrltton: f€dln% Old Slavlc: trlaJe - thrcc
cf. Sumcrlan: ld 311+, IO - before, in fronL of, the front, prl,rce
PhonctLcc: In the Old Slavlc, thc flrat vorel cllded.
The -j- soiind at thc beglnning of Lhe word ls a protheols...
Rulcl
Thls nuneral whlch ls decrared to be old slavic is not of rndo-European
origln but orlginated from the Finniah. rts orlginal meanlng was not 1 (onc) ln thc languagc rhleh lt callcd 01d Slavlc, they dld not eouht 1,2,-1,
butt Jcdlnt ( Ftnnlah -edtfe - ln front, the flrst
but rrln front ofrr or rtthe firsttr, whlch ls logi"r1 because in no language 1n
dGra ( ilongol-!.an dafa - thc followlng
the rorld do the numerals mean nunbors...
tr4Jc ( !,longoLlan terc - thab one thero ...
 -\6- csdke-Botos
-ltf - csJke-Botos
LeL us now take the nuneral: a%to - IO0
ostyak: s6t, sit = 1Oo
Vogult sit The Ordlnal Nunorals
' u.s.
Flnnish: sata e u.s.
i"iordvlnlan: 'sada - urg In Old Slavlcs prt&,rtL6-L - flrst; not a numeral, ldentleal f,o Lhe
Cheremlss: gtd6' = u.s. 01d Turklsh: blr - oner flrst
Turknenlan: Jiif, = urer Turklsh: blr * u.a.
Basklrian:- J38 r u.s. Srnerlant bar - rnal ?h, 27 = f1rstr prLnee
U zbek: juz = ursr cf, Old Engllsht fonost - flrrt, chlef
Yakutl gug a u.3. rn Old Slevlc thc -t'64 cufftx aets ar the ordlnal nuncrrl srrffrx!
HungarLan: szL, * u.s. Jctvr€- t?.O -l - fourth
Sumerlan: Uar2 i!6, t9/lOt - ma.ny, nunerous plrl-t4L -l - flfth
Greek: aA47"g = 3600 / a borrowed word from thc Greeks lca- tt3 /o-l - elxth , ctc,
Phonetics: Xar) sEz r:z relatlonshlp Flnnlghr lolfte-n-tc - thlrd
At the beslnninq of Lhe wrd: Y;5;51 nelJfl-n-t*'- fourth
"21
At fhe end of the wordt rYQt) d)t)s .... MonSollan: ntgcn-te - for the flrst tlmc (polysernantlc )
Accordlng to the above, the {centun-satemrr theory lo a theory whlch qbter-te - for thc second tlnrc
cannot be proven. 01d Turktahl tkln-tt - sacond eLe.
In concluslon: Lct us eotrperc t,he guffh -l- alao
01d Slavie: t6ma * 10r0OO; crowd, throng Old Slavtc: pr,6rrb,b -1 - ilrst
xalmuckr tii^l = ursr v6tor+Cl. -1 - sccorul'
Lit. Idongolian: tiimen = u.s. i{anchurlan: udtru-l- ftrat
Old Turkish: tiimen = u.s. lr-t- thtrd
Tunguslan: tunan = u.s. etc. tro rldrcnts prclcntd above ere noL of Indo-European orlgln
?hc
NoLe. Bielfeldl, Op. Clt. p. I?I/2I2 mentlons that lhese rrords cannot bc clthcr but are ldcntleet to clcnents ln the agglutlnatlve languaqes,
identleal to tGM - darkness, but he does not menblon the ldcnLlcal features
of the Altaie languagcs otherw"lse what would have become of the Indo-Eu.opean
superlority? Thls ls the rvay the Slavicists work.
 -48- csSke-IJotos
-\y cs6t<c-Bolo;

T}IE FOR}IATION OF THN NOUN SUFFIX

fh6 lrdoTEuri[pdanLaccur.:r pJ.ural suf fLx le -ns e.g. Crctan-cr..kr.Ii.rraV5
The Noun -nolreli GoLhlo! Holfa-nc - xolvce.
Lct us begln with the so-called o-deellnatl-on. Let ug take thelrOld Togcthcr rlth the flnal voreL l.t becomca -ona, from whleh the Old 3lavlc forrn
slavlJtword -grad%- ciby. Accordlng to llngulotlcs, thc ancl-ent forn of thle 1r auppoeed to have been derlvcd.
word ls the Indo-European worrC, *Sordos , whlch ls a hypothetlcel form and Thus: -ont )-Ut. Natural\r'phoncble hlstory has no proof of thls.
eannot be found ln any wrltten document. Olhcnrlle ths Indo-Europcan clenenta would cxlst ln the agglutlnative )nrr4u,ryr.a
Thus: Indo-Europoan: *gordos alro. c.6. Crctan-Crcek: .lfiXO-V-g- rollres
"ola sl*ul"':' graal'a Gothlc: rolfa-n-s - u,s.
The Indo-European nornlnatl-ve aufflx !.s -os, whlch has dl-sappoarcd from Flnnlsh: talo-n - housc
the Old Slavlc language, more lpeclfleally, the -s has dlsappcared and the -o- llongol.lan: snc-! - mothers
has rernained. therefore the -o- bccamo the nomlnatlvc suffl-x Ln words rlth figc-a - words etc.
slmilar endings. Thls ls llngulstlce. Thls supposed progresslon cannot bc Ac ve can acc, thc lrdo-Europcan sufflxes ere not origlnal sufflx6r
proven by any klnd of phonotic reasining. 0n thls basls, the Fl-nnl'sh r+ord ln the so-called Old Slavlc Language, but rather ldentlcal to the cor.recforrttrrp
talo - house could be sald to havc en Indo-European orlgin, together rlth olcnents tn the egglutlnatlve langragest the eccuseLlve sufflx -n arxl t,he
a1l other words cndlng ln -o. The Ol-d Slavlc gradE - city' ln ita strucLure, plurel sulflr -c ar! plural aufflxar Juat ar thc plural sufflx -1. Whore
is ldentlcal to the Flnnlsh word talo*house.The accusatlvc ls ldehtlcal la thc proof to eonbradict thl!?
to the nominattve, grad'lr* clty. Accordlng to li.nguistlcar thls word was L.t us uec the aullLxco to eompa.re thc nord grad6 wlt.h Lhe 5ertro-Crr:rt.l
formed thtrs: Slngular: Old slavLa Serbo-Croetlan
Indo-llurripean' rtqord-on) qord-d)gord-6 * gradG llonlnatlvct gradJ(o grad - el[y
The accusatlve sufflx therefore has dloappcared. Naturally there ls no proof Gcnltlvcl gredo Brade - of thc elty
of thls prociesslon either. Accordlng to this the word ls untraceable. Datl.vcr grsdou Sredu - to thc clty
Thn plural slgn of Lhe nomlnatl,ve p1ural was Joined to the cnd of Accusatlvel gradlt grada - elty
the word by the sign: -2. Thus: x-ot)-i. Thls explanatlon cannot bc Vocetlvct gradcl I
!lr8dG
proven by any phonetlc data; however, ln Flnnlsh, we can find a logical Inrtrunentallur': gradon% gradon - *lth thc el Lv
relationshlp. e.g. the f,lna.ill -a- disappeared, makine way for the plural locqtlvcr gradB gradu * ln Lhe elty
suffix -I. l'lotc! In Sartro-CroeUlanrln Lhc nontnatlve sase, the flnal vowel disal'pcnrr.
lhus: muna= egg Now lat uo show the ldentlcal cLasrentr ln Lhe agglutlnatlvc lanquages Rrrrl
nun-i-ssa = ln the eggs prorc thet the Old SlavLc noun culfLreg arc not of Indo-European or.lplrr.
Ol-dSlavlc: grad-i = cliles The NoglnaLLve Cagc
In thls case, the Old Slavlc plural sufflx is -1, which ls identleal In OId .jlatle and Serbo-CroatLen, lt ls urunarked; ln Scrbo-Croat.lnrr
to the Flnrrlsh guffix. In spite of every explanaLi.on of the Indo-Europeans, the flnal vowel dlsappearc.
ib is clearlv a Finnlsh suffix. ef. Flnnlsh: talo - house
OI"d SLavLc: Srad%' citY
Serbo-Croatian: grad - city
 -<n- cs6ke-Botos
-tr: cs6ke-Botog

The Genltive Case

llxample:
The genitive sufflx in O1d Sfavic ls -a
Old Slstle; grad-s - ot the elty
in Serbo-Oroatian -&
Scrbo-Croatlan: grad-a - of the clty
cf. Czech -4, -Ur -C, -Y
Caccht hrad-u - u.s.
Note
but lca-e - of the foresL .. "
In the Czech language, the posscssl-ve sufflx has a dlfferent sound
Slovek: hrdln-u - of the hcro
accordlng to vowel harmony. It can be traced not only ln the livlng language
Mongollanl morln-u r of the horse
but also to the vowel- harmony ln rords Lhat have elreadv fallen lnto dlsuse.
The qenitive sufilx in 0l"d Slavlc and ln any Slavlc languaqe, In lts ancl"ent
but norln-i. - ur6o
NotGt Thc abovc-mentloncd carc-erdLng -e bclongs to the so-ealled -o,/-.lo
form, l-s a vowel whlch can be traced to an ldentlcal form ln the Sumerian
dcclLnatlon, the rnscullne end neuter dccllnatlon; t,he -el -)a decllnntlon
language, regardless of the gender of the noun.
The Sumerian genitlve sufflxlg or -ak was crplalned when re presented
bclng for thc most part thc fcmtnlne decllnatlon rrlth thc sufrtx -24, In
the Sunerian possesslve adJectlvc sufflx, the Surnerlan phonctlc hlstory thc genltlve cace.
and the siml-lar elements ln the Old Slavic language. cf. points 8, t. So 01d Slarle: gred-a - of the clt.y...
However, we shal-l present lt again here. bub Eor-'t1o - of the mountaLn
Sunerl,an: -ag, -ak Mongollan: norl-n-l - of the horge
Llt. liongolian: -ap/ -e! : genlttve sufflx morin-u - u. co
-llr -1 u.3. Thcre ere no data to provc that thesc clemenLs are of Indo-lirrpeJ,pal
Hungarian: -6, -1, -it/ -iz adJectlvc sufflx orlBln.
UrarLu: -wa, -/c/l : genlLlve aufflx Datlvc Casc

Hurrlte: -we Ur3r In [hls ces. He rl11- prccent thr relatlonshlp beLween two nourrs:
01d Slati"c: -ovt / -evV,: possessive adJective Brad'f, clty ertd mfi4 - nan. In thc vord mtllo , t.hc flnal sourxl clrrrrgerl
-
-a, etc. : genitive suffi.x fron tho -[, wlth an frunlautn. Thc datlve sufflx ls: *on/;4/
We are not golne lnto detall about the ldcntlcal olements ln other 01d Slevicl Brad-ou - to the elty
ttSlavicrr languaqcs becauso ar\y gramnar book answers these questions. tauX .ou - to thc man

Phonetic history: Serbo-Croatlanc grad-u

Y
Sunerlan: -ag/ -at<) x-a1 . &UZ -U
Urartu: -/"/t and -wa Czcchr hrad-u
Hurrite: -we nuf, -l ard muY-ovl
O1d Hungarian: -ey, (folk) : -cJ, Mongollanr qat:an-a - to the Khan
-nak, -nek Old Turklgh: Rdaq-a - to thc leq
l4ongolian: -a|/ -elr -ur -i
Korean: -91, -,1, -I
01d Slavlc: -ov'6f -ev'1,, -lt ad Ject lve
'a, -%, '&, et,c. : genitive
 -5t- ris6ke-Botos
'52= csBke-Botcs

l,,gegtl.ve Casc:
Hungarlan: nek-e-m = Lo me
old slarlc! !b, -6/t\ - Lr\, 4- l/
cf. nek-i = to hln
Aecordlng to llngulst,s, theso elcmenLs nerc fornred by Lhe eombl.natlon ol" t,lra
Western Turklsh: na?-e = to me

6.2-"
flnal vonel and the nirlaoc-auffl{'r -$ ) - S an<l -ct ) -1"
ostyak: = to the woman
llorrever thera l.s no ncccssl-ty for thls dcrLvatlon becattse the flrral
Urartu: URU-l-e = to the clty
ev-e
tor€l dlseppcared to Blvc pleac to thc casc endlngs!
Turklsh: = to the house
o.8. grad-6 - ln the clty
Sumerlan: ki-e - beslde the door v
mua-G - ln the man
Korean: 6eg-e = here
!i.U-e = (to) home Scrbo-Croatian: Erad-u - ln the eLtf
v
sarain- e = to the man. etc.
Dui-u - ln thr nen
As we can see there are no Indo-EuroDoan eharacterlstlca l-n these words. Czcch: tnu{-t - l-n tho nnn
but les-c - ln the forest
AccSaLive_Case Slovak: dub-c - ln thc oakr on the oak
01d Sl-avlc: -&and -4 /-o, -i ard roh-u - ln the horn
e.E. grad-tb = citX $unerian: gl-6 . Ln the nlght
muZ-4 = man uru-e - ln the clty
Serbo-CroaLian: grad-a = cltX Urartur e-sl-a - ln thc pl-acc
niuz-a = marl f,orean! !rarah-6 - ln tho nan
cf. Czechl holub-a = pigeon Ortyakt ;8t-a - tn thc house
rnuz-e * man llongollanl f,aJar-a- Ln thc count,ry, etc.
Chuwash: t6 v-a = nountaln Thcsc crdlnga cannot bc aald to bc eceLdcntal nor ls there n posslblllt.v
. vY t,hat they arc borrc|rlngsS hcrc r.e Bre t,alklng of a gcnetLe ldenlluy, reqnrtllarr
Turklsh: oag-l = u.s.
ev-i = house of how loud\y the Flnno-Ugrlc llngulsts obJect to ltl
l,tongolian: ger-l € u.s.
North Korean: Saram-u = man InstrunenLal Cascg

^f sar*.m-L = uo s. 01d Slarlct rlth the elty

Erad-onfL-
Soulh Korean: dog-o = weapon ' rlth the man
nuf,-enB
6or;-u = ure. Scrbo-Crratl-ant grad-oo - rlth the elty
cf. jan-a - sheep nut-em - wlfh tho nan
cf. Vogul: li-rn - horse Czech: hrad-em - rlth the cltY
Manehurl-an: -ma = accusatlve sufflx ,nuX-cm ' ltlth the man
cf. l,ail.n -lr = u.s. elc. old Turklsh: .
tHnlr-An wLth lron
According to these, Lhe ll,ianchurlan and Vogul languages are of Indo-European origln... yada5 -In - on foot (Ilt. v,tth foot)
Teter 3 JaJa-un'uosr
Flnnlsh: puu-n - rlth wood, ete.
slevlc cndlng 15 ldrntlcel to the casc endlnss of
Thc Ot.d Lhe llral-Allalc
languag,est -n, -an, -6h1 (n) m)
 *t4- Csoke-Elotos -t5- csljke-Boto::

Accusatlvs
The Plural and its endlnss.
Old SLaric: gad-E,b - ettLer
The plural suffix ln OId .9lavlc ls: -i. The equlvalont exanples ln nur-rn r men

Fl-nnlsh and Hunparlan are:

Old Turklahr qldnEfn-{n -
tlmfrig-ln r
Ielircllvs
01d Slavic: grad-i = citi.es tLl-n -
r.,X-1 = *"n FlnnLeht puu-n

Flnnish: talo-i--ssa= in the house Tunguslanr nd-Je - watcr

pu-i-ssa - in bhc trees ihu"-u - whab

Hungarlan: lova-lm = my horsegr ete.

Iuatrgrontalr r,:

Genitive Old Slavlet $ad-fr{o - vlth the cltle*

OId Slavlc: (elision of flnal vowel) -6'( |t-on and - 4o(:t-1n nut-l - ntth the nen
grad-'6 = of the cltles Flnnlrh: pul-n - nlth thc Lrees
ntV,-4o =of the Eer rr. eiGral-n - wlt,h the guests , ate.
Flnnish: pultt-en = of the ttees
laloJ-sn - of the houses Ipcq0lrc
AccordLng to these examples, thls sufftx ls not of Indo-fiuropean orlgln elther. Old Slavle: gred.$eh6 - tn the cltles
urrt-tch& - ln the nen
Datlve Urarbu: -agl : c) ch
O1d SLavic: grado{'I, = to the cltics ilotc a Thc ol"d slavlc sufflx la a compound. rt eonslsts of the loeat.lvo -!i-
muie-rnG = to the men end thc dlrecbl-onaL suffLx -;b. Aceordln[ to llngulstlcs, t]re old :ilHvlc
Estonlan: Jalgadc-nl = to the legs aound -ch- gocs beck to the oldcr *s- gound. Therefore our coneluslons
motetc-nl - to the thoughts conccrnLng thlg sufflx are coracL ln erery aspeet. hleturally thle eoml,orrrrcl
Hungarlan I Orosz J6nos-nl = to JSnos Orosz sufflx alto cdats ln the othol af,glutlnatlve landuageae c.g. Cheremlas, lrr
Sumerlan: rni rm-Nl-ri - the boat over there
s rlmllar coopourd fornl -c{ ( -"-t.
1m-m1-l{I-gar = took Lhem ovar there
Thual cr tupi-eE - ln the nornlng d.v
PhoneLic hisLory: -nl)-m1 = -n% I prescnt Btclfeldtra oxplanablon of the orlgln of thls Old Slavle suffix
ef. 0p. Ctt. p. 130.0
Tha hypothot,lcal Indo-European xordr rr-olsu
Old Slavlcs -$ch%
Urartur -esa
Cherenlss: -.Xr ete.
on thet pagc we can also see the dcrlvatlon of lhe Accusatlvo Plrrrnl srrfflx.
 -56* Cs6kc-Botos -r7- csBke-8otos

Indo-European: ( -en-s Thcrefore there arc the -o, *ao -1 and -f decllnatlonsr(whlch end
-ens
Old Turkish:
wlth e consonant). A 61n11-er sharaeterlgtle ean also bc forrnd ln Flnnl.sh
-{n, etc.
6rf,r -o'-t;-f cte. Notc that thc order of the noun gufflx ln the Old Slavlc
Mongolian: -s ...
Now we that ln the languaqe which is called
can draw t,he concl"uslon language 10 s hypotheslt of the nodcrn llngulats. IL eannot be proven
OId Slavlc, Lhe order of the noun aufflx ls not of Indo-Europcan orl-qln wlth any klnd of data that thc pcopLc rho spokr tha tt0ld Slavlef languagc
bccauge that Indo-lluropean origln cannot be proven by eny klnd of llngulstic Gver uscd thla order. Thc orlglnal altuallon eordd lrave been Just as lt
dala, but the connectlon with the agglutlnatlvc languages Ls obvlous. Thc lr ln the Flnnlsh language. Thla natural order Just leter on beeamc the
r'Old Slavlcrr langua4e belonps ln the fanlly of the agclutlnaLlvc lanrlrages. bssl-c of the gonder dlffcrcnhatlon becauae wr can also say that bhe words
We rnust n€ntion that, ln the Mongollan languaqe, Lhe -s suffix belongs ln the Flnnlsh languagc whlch crd ln the lcbLcr -o are of rrascullne p'enrler,
to the most ancient plural suffixes. Therofore, we cannot talk of forelgn c.g. talo - house, lukko - lock; thc words endlng ln -a are femlnlne, e.g.
lnfluence. €.[.! em€-s = womcn; ere-g - men. Also the -n sufflx, e.q.: omcna r applc, hlnte - flood, erc,
amlta-n = l"ivlng matter(plu.); morlta*n - horsemQle Cdlr6eiliiC1tlt', liliai3ef..lr"i:re Ccrtaln klnds of gendcr dlffcrentlatlon ean also bc noLlced ln
are not of Indo-!)uropean origin oither. Hongollan, cf. Ranstadt - Elnfuhrung... II. 39.
According to llnguisLlcs, malnly the mascul,lne and neutcr noung €.g. masc. : Eagan - rhltc
belong to the above-presented ordcr of sufflxcs ln the O1d Slavie languaqe. fen. IagakEln - u.s.
The nouns whlch end ln -a are for Lhe most part ferninlne, accordlng noJan - Lord
Lo lingulstlcs. The disslnllarlty of the femlnine noun case endingo, ln noJakan - ladt
comparison, l-s not due io hisborlcal or phonetlc devlatlon. The fuslon of kcii - boy
the case endings wlth the flnal vowel reaulted ln thls dlsslmllarlty. haiikcn - glrl, cte.
e.g.: masculine: genltive grad-e = of the city Taklng thes€ lnto conoldcretlon, lt ean bc proven that, thc Slavlc
Ncuter: ri sel-a = of Lhe vlllago lengrage orly leter on dcvcloped the noun gender dlflcrcntlatlon rrlLh t ho
Femlnl-nc I " gor-ft7" - of the mountal"n hclp of the dcmonstratlve pronour, Just as the personal pronouns ln t,he
Mongollan rl morin-u = of Lhe horsc thlrd pcraon sl,nguilar Lndlcated thc gender,.. In the BuLgarlan lanqunge
In the ltongollan language wc see the orlglnal genltlve suffix, there lc a trecc of thla posrlblllty, a.g.g
whlle in bhe 01d Slavlc we can sce how the final sourd and the genltivc Vlak - traln but: vLak-4t - the traln (nasc.)
suffl-x created the possible dlssimllarlty, whlch means that Lhe Old Slavlc and Tlak-s - u.s.
language, ln lts origln, has no connoction of any kind wlih the languaqe whlch stena - rall butr rtene-tn - the rall (fem.)
ls called Indo-European but raLher beJ.ongs to the group of agelutlnatlve pole - ficld but: potr-to - the flel-d (neub.)
Ianguages. In the fenlnlnc rord nr ean see f,he -a endlng whlch ls tdentlea.l
wrlter seeslAat ln the Old Slavlc language the noun gender
The to the demonsLratlve pronoun (there). In the neuter gender, r*e can.qee tha
dlfferenLlation is a later developnent. Il developed afLer the Slavic language -c endlng xhieh ls ldcntl,cal to thc demonstratlva pronoun (herc). Ttra
broke away from the famlly of agglutlnaLive languages. Bulgarlan folk ctymologr ues unaHerc of the gendcr dlffercntletlon wlt,h
t,he -a and -c oufflxes, t,herefore they addod thc demonstraLlve pronouns -l,n nrxl
 -rQ- cs6kc-Botog r39- eg#ke-Fotos

talklng 6f a determlnatlon whlch ls an anclcnt

Consequently, $te are Thc, P-eJlsonal Pronoun SuffLf,,_ ,

characteristlc of the agglutlnatl"ve languages, c.g. the Sumerlan a1so, ordcr of the personal. pronoun ruffk end lts alemento ln the Old
The
cf. AnOr 28. 9l+b. -e, a suffix rhich lndlcatcs nearncast SlCvle languaqa erc eLso ldentlcal" to alnLLer clements ln the agcLutlnatl.vs
gala-e = the (gala) prlest languages.
e-pa-e = the canals, etc. l'loo$natlve
Bulgarlan: vlak-a = the traln 01d Slavlc: az& - I (ltteral rneanlng - rry own, you )
Korean: Etu-r = the house A6 rt ean rcc lt la not a truc pcrsonal prohoun.
Flnnl-sh: rrlni = I, etc. 9cnltlv-c
Rule: In the language which ls called"old Slavtcf the detelrdnatlve sufflx, Old SLavlc: nan-e - lr1nr
ln the eourse of the developorent of the language becamc the suffir detcrmlnlng Llt. l,longollan: mtn-u - u.t.
gender. Eatonlen: frln-u - u.c"
Datlve
Old Slavlcr - to nc / nA-n!$/
n,&n-t
Old Turklsh: nAt-ar !"s"/M-!-a/
Hungerlanr nek-a-n- u.c. I Just the rufflx ls ldcntlcal/
and nek-l - to hln
tlcrtcrn lurklah ", M7 -l - to nc
Urartu: Unu-l-t - to the clty
Turklshr 6T-e - to the housc, etc.

Accusatlvc
Old slavlcr frrfr ' trC

Eatonlant nA r lloto
lfotcr The OLd Slavle guffh ls ldcntlcaL to the nomlnatlve bas. ln thc Old
Slavlc language, whlch ls not used ard whlch ls ldentlcal to the sufflx In
the Eatonlan languagc. In both languegcs the personal. pronoun ls urunnrknd
ln the accusatLte cate.
cf. 01d lurklshr dcflnlte fotmr
nln-l - mc

S*bo-Croatlanr nen-t r nc
Tunguslan: mln-c - rn€1 Gtc.
Rule: Neif,her the ordcr nor tha sufflx can bc of rrSlavlcrr orLgln.
 *(fr- csSke*Botos
-6lL crJko-Botos

InsLrunenial
01d Slavic: with
elision : m6n-o-F$ - rlth Djlongtrative pronoun Suffi{og"
me /r-li/
Lanut-Tunguslan: ml.n-nun - rr.S Old Slevl"c: 'L/vJA/ - Lhld (masc.)
Flnnlsh: min-un = u.s. E/tJc/ - u.s. (o?ut. )
E/ zJa/ - u.s. (ren.)
Logative cf. In coanecblon vlth thla, thc llungarlan deuronstratlve words: ltt, anltL,
OLd Sl-avlc: ,Hdrr-t - ln rne anott... (herc, over hera, over there).
Mongolian, plur.: nran-a - in us Thc root Ln l(oreanr 1, Jc - thlr
Tunguelahr/Gold,/: 8-/ c-, Jc-/ - tr,d.
Jotn:!!g!i3, plural cf. Hoghuorr nLGi u.r.
Old Slavlc; mG4 = we O!ftakt 1- - thlc c.L lh , th;6
Ustonlan: ma - u.9. Ztrrl.ent C- r UoEr
Cherendss: me = u.ar Mordrlnlant C- r U.8., CLeo
Flnnlsh: mr * urSr Nonlnatlvsl L r thl,s a4 - u.a"
Mongolian: ba -u.s., etc. 0er. lego - of thls s€Eo - u.r.
Det. lemou - to thlc lGfiolr r uoco
Genltive Ae6. t - thk 14 - u.s.
O,ld Slavlc: nas-r(g InsLr. ln4- rlth thLg sLrn6 - u.o.
Loe r l€mG- Ln thlt 6rrDt , u.6.
Datlvg
01d Slavlc: na+nll Ttc ruota of both thcsc clementr can be found rn t,he aqglutrnaLrva
Lenguages Just as rc have prrlcntcd thcm. l{a know thc sufflxes from tho
Ac cusal lve connectlon! elth the noun suf,flleso Therefore ee cen statc t,het, the ord
Old Slavlc: nas-6... etc. slavlc language cannot be of rrdo-European orlgln. The lanquage formaLron
cf . Llterary llongollan: na-dur - to us, ln us rhleh res dcclered to be oLd slavlc in ltr structure and LLs sbructurer
na-rna-yl - us 6lement6 ls an agqlutlnatlvc languagc regardlcss of how mueh thrs rs rrerrrnrr.
na--ooa-bar- with us, etc. The gender dlfferenttatlon was also construeted wlth the demorrstratlvr
Note In this case He have present,ed thc root. The na- root can also bc partlcles here and -!!qre ln the langurge rrhlch is ealled O1d Slavtc.
found ln the Mongollan ranguage. Therefore wo cannot talk exclustvely of c.8c 1- thLs (naac.)
Indo-European origln. We know the elements of the suffixes.
l€(lre . thlgl (ncut.)
t4<t+a - thatr (fem.)
Wlth thcse connectlonr re can al-so prove that tho gender dlffererrllal,rrr
ts not a duperlor racl-al characterlstlc but ls a elmple ereatton of
necessLty, conabructed trlth tha ald of the dcmonsbratlvc rrarttcles.
 -62- Csoke-Botos
-63- cs3'kc-gotos

01d slevlel 61ab-tl ' weakclt

The Adlectlve Suffix and the Comparlson of Ad..lqctiveg. Scrbo-Croatlan: alabl-Jl - u.r.
Note that t,f,u Ota Slavlc language forms its adJectlves wlth the above- Hungerlan: fel-Je-,bb - furthegt up
presented -1- and also forns its nouns with the demonstratlve oronoun -i-. Flnnlsh: huono-l-npa ' rrorst
This is ca1led deterrnlnatlon. rn llungar!"an, the -Ja/-Ja sufflxcs have beeorne al.mosL obsolete anrr are
e.g. OId Slavie: nov% = new , novr(.4 I = the new vcry rarely usrd. €.9. bel-Je-bb - furthest in
dobr{= good z dobr'f,4l = tho good Itr orlgtnal meanlpg3 bel-Jo ! comparatlve
therefore rneaning newness and goodncss oLc. bel-Je-bb : euperlative
The same sufflx, with the same structure ean also be found ln the agglutlnatlve Thc functlon of the aupcrLetlre hes become obsolete, therefore llunqarln.
languages: ules the prefl-x 1eg- to form the euperlatlve.
e.g. Tungusian: bun-f - the llfe rn old lilavlc, the supcrlail.ve has no dlstlnet slgn tnrt the preflx: rrrt
bakar-T = thc finder ls uaed to lndleate the superlatlye. Thc Old SLavle: nel- E lep- also
cf. Ramst,edt, Einfuhrung ... II p 80/81 cxlrts ln the agglutlnatl"ve Lenguagee.
In OId Slavlc, the superlatlve ls cxpressed rith the -L, pronounced: -Jt. €of,o Tub.: naJ' vcry
e.8. slab'1p = weak : s1ebl61 = weakesi Hakr! neJ - vert
skor4 = fast : skor-i8l - fastest Jakut3 nE.J - very
Serbo-Croatlan equivalent : Thue, Old Slavl"c: naJ-ekor$e - the fastegt
slabi) slablJl = weakest Scrto-Croatlan: naJ-slabt-Jl - t,he weakcst
skorl) skortJl - fastest Rulc; In the language whLeh l-c catred old slavle, the adJeetlve sufflxen, rtr^tr
The 01d S1avlc sufflx ln thls case wes forrned by a phonctie fuslon:
rtncture and eomponehts, ar€ ldcntleal to the equlvslents tn the agqluilrrni,tv^
-X-le ) lBr languages, rhleh mcans that the o1d s1sv1" language bel-ongs tn Lhe fnmlry
This suffix ls a characterlstlc of the agglutlnatlve languager; therc le
of agglutlnatlvc lan6;uages.
stlLl e trace of lt ln Hungarlan.
The edJectlve auffixes are dLvldcd lnto tr,so groups. FLrstl thn norr_
Thus, OId SLavie: sIabJbI = weakest
dctermlnaLe end sccond the deterrlnate group.
Sebo-Croatlan: slabi-Ji = u.s.
?he datennlncd bagc conslsts of the root word of the ad.Jectlve and tho
Hungari-an: 6rett-Je-bb ) Srett-c-bb = rlpest
dcnonstratlvo pronoun! t/z J6 /
'6reg-je-bb ) 6reg-e-bb = oldest "
.rg. Old Slayle I II
but: bc[-Je- bb = furthest ln
gcn! dobr-a - of good dobr-a-FEgo - of Lhe goorl
fo1-jc*bb = furthest up
dat. dobrou - to good dobrou- l€mou- to the good, et.c.
In Hungarian, consequently, the ancient cornparaLlve sufflx was -Ja,
cf. OLd Slarlc:
-Je, -6, -6, -a, -e, and the -bb however was the superlative suffix. The gen! dobra 8lo{bka - of goort men
cqu!.valent can be seen in the irlnnlsh language: -l-rnba/ -i-mbl , Lhe
but ! dobra- }llgo Efor'$t a- ]ego - of the gond nen
Supcrlative sufflix. The -i srrffix ls the comparatlve sulifix but its functlon
has become lndist,inct. Consequertly, ttte'bta Slavlc'rconparatlve sufflx ls
ldentical- to.the Flnnish, thrngarlan, etc. eguivalents.
 *6,l+* csSke-Botos
-6F- cs6ke-Bot os

The useof Lhe suffix ls obvlous. We have already presented the

identicality of the suffllxca to those of the agglutlnative languaqes. Shc Nuncrel Sufflxes
The determinativc characteristlc ls al-so e charaeteristic of the agglutlnative
languages. Congruence is not only an fndo-European characterlstlc but it l{c shall Just present the follorlng:
also exists in nrany agqlutinatlve languages, e.g. Finnish, Tunguslan etc. 01d Slavlcr Norn. des,grt& - tan
and we cannoL trace thls back io a foreign LnfLuence. Let us notiee the followlng: Ocn. dee,ot-t/-c - of tcn
ez/ az/ eraber = lhls man (nom. ) Dat. dcsdrt-l - to ten
ennek/ az/ embernek a = of thlg nan (gen.) Aee. dcs0t{o - ten
cf. ez6/ azl ember6 - belonging to thls rnan Instr. desrtht+-|fi = vlth ten
ennek/ az embernek = this nan (dat) Loc. dos.t|t-t . ln tenr cte.
azL/ az enbert. = thls rnan (acc./ Notc: The NomlnatLve arrd Accuratlve are unmarked ln Slavl.c. The GentLlvr
ezzel/ az emberrel = wlth thts nan (lnstr.) etc. rufflx te: -1/-c. We know that, from the Hongollan language, the lraLlva
Note the Old Slavlc: sufflx le also reeo6lnlzable, G.g. Hunqarlsn : nek-i. The slgn for ttre
dobr-a leso lnotruncntal eesc Ls: -ff,/ t(-J-t, nasal,, therefore tn Old Turklstr: -Yrr,nr,r"
llT,cfalIy:
.,t.,,t,_
.lo-naK Ova = Thc Locatlve casc cen bc shown ln eny of the agqlutlnati.ve tanquages as wo rrrva
++
good-for-hi.s (for his good) elready seen. The word formatlon, or the noun root, conslste of the nnlrr root:
whose idenlity with slmlIar elements ln lhe agglutinatlve languages cannot d?r-, edd:th€ narallzod noun-sufflx -ab/:ent - abstract - ean be fourrl nv,.r.y
be denied, as we have seen. th*G ln the agglutlnatlva lenguageg. The llteral meanlng of the root ls :
totaltty. Thc naln root! dcr-, ln Sunerlan: deU- - together, in oLher worrlr;
The Prorroninal Ad-iectives. the ten flngers together, thc tot,ality of the ten flngers, wlthout nry,'[rrrl.-.
01d Slavic: klto4rl = whlch (masc.) European' superl,ority.
kor€ = u.s. (neut.) Naturally, the tlungarLen vord : t{a - ten also belonqs hcre.
ko61 = u.s. (fem.)
Old Turklsh: qayu = u.3.
Cheremlss: kudo = u.s.
!lordvinian: kona = u.s., etc.
The root, as we have seen, ls : ko-. Let us presenL lts sufflxes.
Thus: Nom. k%{r-1 = whlch
Gen. ko- fg go = of whlch
ko- l-C mou = to whlch
Loc. ko-ten6= in which
Instr. kEaa-fnG = with which, etc.
Thls root cannot be declared to be excluslvely of Indo-European orlgln. l,re
know the origins of the suffixes, therefore with whaL riqht did llngulstlcs
decrare th6 J'anguage whi-ch is called .sfavicr to be of
"old rndo_E'ropcan oriqi.
 =66= csdke-Botos ^67- cs8ke-Botog

Tii-[ ViJiiB $UF'r'Ijr' Ai'IIJ ITS COi/J,0N!]N,|5 TilE TRtsl'I,TT TENSE

Let us begl.n the preecntatlon of the verbal sufftx wlth thc

Blelfeldt. 0p. c1t. p. r,85, shows in the forrowing wav the structure of Pregent tense. Lct ua also taks ln cornparl.son Lhe Serbo_Croatian
the verbal suffixes of Lhe Slavlc language: conncctlons. Lct uo gce the sloilarltles and dlfferences.
Stng. Old Slavlc: Serbo-Croatlan
nos -1 -9 -te = you (plu.) carried ved-fi - I l"cad vod-l-n = u.s.
verb root I I
ved-c-3i- you lcad vod-l-{ = u.s.
uerbel suf 1ix€_-=_-_l ved-c-t6 = hc lcads vod-l - u.s.
I
aorlst suffix The Peroonal suffkcst
personal suffix (plu. Old Slavlc: -ft Scrbo-Croatlan: -m
The wniter wil-r present the ldenticar structure in the agqlutinatlvc languages:
v,
_s1 (
-s
-rb -il
l'fotor Acconllng to lingulsblcs, tho Flrst I'erson sufflx ls : _ X./z
-g/
rhl,ch aupposedly goes baek to thc Indo-European tuffl,x |
-nl, so thaL,
8t thc end of the ron{, or together wlth the verbal root, the _m_ sound
personal sul'flx (pIu. beeame nasalized:
-oqnl/ -e-,nf ) -c-n)-en) -9 or -q ..
The old iilavlc language tn rts literal meanrng is rn aggrutinatlve rt l"c pronounccd lLkc trc r'rencrr ifln,,:" rmarson'r.fiowever, t,hrs dertvnr.r'rr
ranguagel rf the reader, up Lo thts pornt has only cautiously accepted thrs cannot be proircn, rhcreac J.n the agglutinatlve languages, the exlstlnq
possibrlity' he now has Lo aceept the proven datal llot only the fact of the slfillcrltlct clcarly prove t,hat the slngular fonn of Lhe pregent tpnse
suffixes is obvlous but even the sufflx components are a]go identlcal" of the pcrsonal aufflx of the Ol-d Slavle languase ls ldenil.eal to ilre cqutvnlorrl
Thus, 01d Slavl-c: nos-i-s-te = you carried (plu. ) ol"nent ln thc agglutlnetlve Languages.
DsLonlan: lug-e-sl-te = you read (plu. past)
Larrrut-Tungus lan: dpg-sl-sen = you flew (plu.) Tungurian: -ui/ -.nL) -x)-u/ -t , ete.
Cheremiss: ll$-t-ta = you ltved (plu) , ebc. Thust 0I-d Slavlcl vod-X - f lead
The reader can not,ice that , for exarnplc, the OId Slavlc _s_ and the
Ural-Altalc coixponenLs -sI, -s-, -5-, -6-, are ldenti.cal, and therefore the
Tungualan: odE-u -Irll1be
btSd-v - X em
Otd Slavic language ls not of Indo-European orlgln. How ls it posslble that
ri-n{ - I ktllcd
llnguistic researcl- never notieed these connectlons?
ri-n ' u.s.
Serbo-Croatian: vodl-{D*Il"ead"ete"
 =6d'- -69- USOKI- LJOLOS

2nd. ierson Singular! Let us complete the conparlson:

Old jlavic: -Si, vede-Yl Old Slavic: ved-ff = I lead
Serbo-CroaLian: -5, vodl-E Tunguslan: odE-u -fsha1lbe
Tungusian: -sl, wEJ-sl (you killed) Oid slavic: veOi-Ui - you lead
cf. -s, wi-s = u.s. Tungus!"an: nrdJ-sL* you ki).led
lrd. Person Sing.: 01d Slavlc: vode-tr! = he leads
O1d Slavlc: -LTo: vede-t% = he leads VoguJ.t Jlw- )t = he comes

Vogul: -Dt t Jlrr-et = he eomes Old Slavlc: vede+n{6 = we fead

: Jl-ut = u.s. Est onl.an: n4e-me -- we look
Scrbo-C roaLiirn: -d : vodl- he leads Ofd Slevlc: vede-te = thay led
Mordvinian: -fi z vanL = he looks, etc. Estonian: nd-te - thcy looked
I'lowlle shalf examine the p1ural connoctlons.
0styak: Jll-tt = you ca&e
OId illavic. vode-m? - we lead, vodl-nd = u.s.
vede-te = they 1ed, vodL-te = u.s. 01d Slavlc: vedft-tG = Lhcy lead
vedft-t%= thcy 1ed, voda = u.s. Chcremlss: tott -t ' they corne
Thc plural personal suffl-xes: Ostyak: Jtf -et = they corne
Ist. person: 01d Slavlc: MordvLnian: pa1l-t = the.y klss, etc.
Flnnl sh: J[e
Bstonlan: liule: In Lhe language whlch iB called 01d jlavlc, lhe structure of ttre
-me; ete.
2nd. person: Slavlc: sufflx in the present tense, together w.ith lLs components, is idenLlcal
O1d -te
Flnnlsh: -te to lhe structure of slnrllar elenenls ln the aqglutinative 1anfluaries.
Iistonian: -te; etc. Let us see t,he dual connections:
lrd. person: Old Slavlc: Old Slavlc: vede-vB = we lead (two of us)
-Itto
Flnrrlsh: -vat vede-ta = the.y led (two of thern)
Hstonian: -d ved,e-Le/-l,a/ = they lead (Lwo of thenr;
oEtyak: JlI+nA -n ' we come
Cheremlss: -t
Voeu1: I Jll-tl -n = you come
I,tordvlnian: -t ... etc. JII-IA -n = they come
Rule: 'Thenold Slavl0n 1anflu4ge could not ha.ve lnherited the sufflxes of
the present tense w{th thelr structure and elements from the Indo-Europenn
language because there ls no kind of llnguistlc data to incllcate Lhe exlsLnrrr.a
of the Indo-r:,uropean languaqe, but the wbole structure and its elemerrls nra
ldontical to the equlvalent forms ln the agglutlnaLive J.anquages.
 r"7.& Csoke-Botoa
-7r- cs'Jke-Botos

RuLp: The present, tense of the old slavle Language can be uscd to oxprcss
the future tense, the PresenL Future, Just as ln the agal"utlnativ€ lanRuaecs. tet us compare the Old Slavlc p.l.r,rral and dual fonn with the
0slyak equivalenls, past tensc:
TilI A0RIST TUlr_Slt
pm -so-m,7t, Jl-su-w = we cane
p.4t-s-te Jl-s-tl
I'lotc that Ipurposely uglnB Blclfcldtrs cxpressl.ons. In thlr ray, I lntand
am
p /9-s-,{1 J t-sl -t

to avold posslbrc nLsundorstandr.ngs. Thc ergn of thr,s trtensc, lrt -a-r prn-"o-JB Jl-s-mr-n /auaS./
so LLngulstlc research carls tt thc nslgnatlc* aorlat tcnsc. Thls parti.clc, p/n -s-ta Ji-s-tb-n
under phonetic change, becarnc -h- ard -S-. ThJ.r tlne we shall erarnLnc thc P /9r -s-te Jl-s-ta-n
s,/h ehange" Let us noLlco the Estonian connecLlons In the rrlural form:
StaLementl Thts parH.ele, or tence sufflxo luge-si-me = we read (pasL)
ls not of Indo-Europcan
orlgln bccause we can also frrd Lts e.qurvalcnt rn [he aggrutrnatrvc ranguages, luge-s1*Le
c.g. ln Lhe Tunguslan J.anguagoa, Ln VoguL end also Ln EsLrlntan luge-si-d...
".. Lct ui
enphasLze that, wlthln thrs etudy, re prcecnt only the correct connccil.ons.
l'le can cl-early see the personal sufflx and lts identical components!
rt is lnpossLble to undersLand how the linquisLs faired t,o nobice these
Lct uc begln wLth the aorl.at -s-.
connecLlonsl rhe rndo-European ttequivafentst cannot be accepLecl becrrrsc
OLd Slavlc: p r$ti r apan
they are only a hypothesis, created aL the writins desk!
TungusLan; b .- - cxlrt, tr"i.ve, be
The rndo-European hypr:thetlcar word: *pEn-s-te = you stretchad (rne)orrt
l'llth the suffLxc prfr -3- 'Tt
01d Slavlc: pdl-s-te = u.s.
p41 lshort forrno/
Tungusl-an: bI-s)-g
pp /short forml
Estonlan: luge-sl-te , etc.
pm-s-o-n%
Facts uhlch carr be found ln the livlng 1anguarle have weight: tho sl4l
P4'i-soto of the aorlsL tense 18 not of Indo-Eurofean orogin.
PO-s-rqi We can prove how nuch thls elernent, the -s- formanl, belongs to l;1r,,
bl-s} -nr agglutlnative languages by exarnlning the slruclure of the anc{errt Flaster.rr
bl.-s b -nrl. languge, the Hurrlte langurrge. cf . Diakonoff, Op.Cl.t. p. LI5/2 and p. l;)./:
bL-s3 -y11 -^V,-, -iY-, -oE-, -uE. . These sufflxes, accordlng to linguisLics, ar. t,lr.
bi.-s; -p sign of the I'erfecb or Preterite tense.
bi.-s) -c e.B. adi-nl-n t,aie-n idd-u/o"z-l-a = therefore thaL ls m.y gift. Lhar, was carrl
bl-s .. " undu-nu-an d'en/a/-ttt-/e/n pa9E-u/oY-i = and now mv brother ha; jrrsL ir.r,. (,r.r..
fta functlon ls to express past actlon" Consequently, Lhe linguistic forrn of the langiraqe which ls crrl Irrl
OId 51avlc, the trsigniaLlctr past tense, ls not of Irrdo-flrrspean or.iq1n, trrrl.
ldentlca] to equi.valent forrug i.n the agr;J-ubinati"ve lanruages.
 42- ce6ke-Botos
-??; c s#ke-Bc.los

Old Sl.avLcc -s-, -Y-, -ch- lrooj!:

llstoni.ang -s-, -s1- O1d SLavie: pad- = fall : MordvinlanM: Fal- = ki€s
Tunguslan; -e-, -s1-, -hl"- Istonlan: nig- = look
Cherenlss: -3- Old Slavic: pad-'lo Mordvinianli: Pal-a-it
pad-e pal-a-t
Hurrlte: -u/ot-o ehc,
The ldentlcal"lty l"s undenlablal
pad-e pal-a-X
pad-o-m?p paf-a-rng
But Let us contlnuc the eonparlaon" Ac re havc already mcntloncd,
pad-e-te Pa1-a-d€
tho Old SLavlc aorlst sl.gn ehanges undcr certaln phonctle condltLonsg
pad-ir pa}-a-dt
s)h
Ilstonlan: nig-1-n
s)g
ndg-i-d
fhe aamo pocsl-bl.ltty aLso cxlste ln the tungusl-an Languagcs:
ni q-l
Udlhe: sl> ht and tx
nIg-i-rne
e.g. Old ilavlc: - I spokc
JB-eh-u
n5g-1-te
Udlho! tE-frl-rnL-!cet
nig-l-d, etc.
rt-cho-o0 - r.o spokc
t5-h-u - ra sat
Nobe: The aslgnatlc aorlst tense ls ldentlcal to the widely used JrreLnrl l.a
rt-r-tc - you apoke (plu.)
of the agglutlnatlve languages, therefore we lndlcate it wtth t,lre :jarrrn lr r.l. I ,. l.,r I
t5-tr-u - you sat, (plu")
t'b'X*, - thcy spokc -l-f'. -a-, -e-, etc./ Let us compare lt wlth the 01d 5f avic :
Ol-d Slavic: pad-e = faIl.r
tE-ht-tL r ft,[6.y aat
Ilstonian: nig-t = neze! (Hung.) = Look!
cf. Chcrenlssg il.i-d-na - I ltvcd
rn olri slavlc also, the personal suffix has disappeared' cf' with t'lte nl"rv^'
f$-Y-ta - you l-lvcd (stne.) We do noL even mention the Hungarian connectlonsl The groupinqs of t,lt''
rr3-Y-t, - he ll.vedr ctc. past Lense of bhe "Old Slavicrr.language are ldentical to slndl'ar qrorlllrr/"r
Rul.cl Thc Lrnguage whlch ls cal-lcd Old Slavlc cennot be an Indo-Europtan of bhe Chererniss language.
nor a Slavl-c lanquage" The atmctural- cohcrorrce of the Old Sl-avle 1-angua6c Cheremiss: asignatle : to]-3 -n = I came
can bc declphcred onl-y by comparlson vl-th the agglutl-naLlvr Languagec and 01d Slavtc: asigmaLlc: pad-% = I fell
dcfLnltely not t{lth the Indo-Europeen J.angurrgcsl Cheremlss: slgmatic: i13-!$'-m = I l1ved
l'low I wll^l present the eoni-st tenee wlthout the rrs!.gmaie, nhleh ltnguLsts pa-s-G = I spanned, eLc.
Old Slavlc: signaLlc:
havc declared to be unnarked" I believe thaL llnguists flnall.y have to adrntL that Lhev were t,"trll
Statcnent: Thls tense Ls Ldenti.cal to the pret,erl-Ce of, t'he agglutlnatl-ve rnistaken when bhey deel.ared the"Olcl ilavic"latr/luaqe to be of fndo-li,tr.l,r'rrtt
langnages uhose sLgn ls: -l--o/-a-o -e-e dte"f origin.
 =l\- cadkc-Botoa
-7r- Cs6ke-Botog

tHli b{P[,rtFIrCT THE I,I'1PL]}TATIYE }4OOI-}

rn the old $lavic languagc, thcre lr e past tensc callcd the nrnpcrfeetn. In 01d Slavic, the sufflx is -i
Its ai.gn lsl -ach .." Hungariani -t)-J ) etc.
€r$e dela-aeh-% - I urxdo Suncrlan: -{7 -a, etc.
" dBlt-ach-%-Irccoycred G.g. Sunerlen: Yu-zu luhh-{ = wash your handsl
vldB-actr-4b - I satc cf. Poebel, Op.Cit. ll67t+-6gl'
Udtha/tungusian: ga-xl-nrL = I recelved OId Hungarian: rnrt;i-l - mutasd - show!
wi-ha-rnl * I kttled gyer.c - comel
Orocs/Tunp,usLanc -
rA'-ha-n neez-e = takel
orlgln of thls sufflx le the abovc-prcscnted arlgmatlc paat
The popu]ar: men-J - go!
bensc sufflx -1, etc. and the c!.gnatte paat tenrc aufflx, -s. Thcrcfore lt la leI-J - 1'1n61
a coslDourd" Thlg means that thls suffl,x i.g not ttrndo-Europeanh ctther but {.-J - wrltet etc.
{t ls a sufflx whlch ls stilL usad ln two agglutlnatlve Languager" lrlatureLLy; Suncrlan: gln-a - got
hcre wc have present,ed only the reqular connecU.onee but thc detatted zlg-a - get upl
orplanatLon la the task of further rcsearch. si-sd-e = Ieadt drivel
badd-u - runl
rrOld Slavlc": nes-l = brlnct
dvlgn-l -
^o,ru,
dBlu-l - aot
r6e-l - say, speak
pomodz-l = helpl
cf. Fed-i-te = eatl (plu.)
cf. Hungarian: J'6v-e-tek = comet
The slmilarlty and rdentlty are so obvlous that it is amazrng thal
linqulsts did not notice then, or maybe they rlld not want to notl.ce Lhern.

The rr01d Slevic'r brL6-l! = be, exlst, live (alxlliary verl;)

rs not of rndo-European origin either but ls ldenLleal. to the verbar form
wldcly used ln the agglutinatlve languages.
 -f6* cc6ke-Botos -77- cs6ke-Botos

Thus, Tunguslen: bL- - bc, cxlst, l"ly€ Thus, Old Slavlc: e-

Llb. MongolJ.anr bii- * ber exlat Flnnl-sh: o-:cf.on=ls
cf. bayl- - o.t" }{ongo11an: e- ! cf. alu = u.s.
SunerLan: bar 7lr, 56 - u.s. Hungarlen! a- : cf. l-s ... etc.
!t|e r11l present the suffixeg of thc l-rregrtlar verbs from rrltten documents. cf. Koreani lt-ta( lst-da(1-si-da = lsr exisLr live
cf. Blelfeldt, Op.Clt" p. 2o2/t26} The root ls: l-, the repet,etlve sufflx : -sl"-, the vcrbal norrn sufllx: -l.t/-rltr
'Ihe Ol"d Sfavic vcrbal form (tense) is not llnked Lo the Jncio-
€.8. lcs{&=Iam : aerbo-Croatlan! Jesam - u.s"
Europcan connectLons. Thc Koreans dld not borror the verb - to be- fr,rn
Jcsl
FCs-t - he ls the Gcrmansl
Je
cernan: lst ( f-s-t
Jesno
Korean: ltta( i-s-ta (f-st-aa
J6stc
Thorefore : German: is-
I *t - they are
c Jcsu...
Engllsfr: ls-
In the 01d Slavlc languege, Ln Serbo-Croatlan and ln othar Slavle
Koreani lsi( t-sl-l I t
languagcs, tn slmilar formatlon, the J- eound at the begLnnl.ng of e rord
Inportant. The Indo-Europcan llngulstlcs exaggerated the hlstory of Lhe
is a prothesls" Thc fonn wlthout thb protheala exlstr, for cxanplen ln thc
Ianguagcs called Indo-Europeanl
Vogul- X.anguager
The tlme of realizatlon l-s herc ...
trgrr -r arn
Past tense, OId Slavle : bt-ch-,6 = I was
analyzed: E-ea -rn
o
,lr
oo I I
'youwerc
word root ut J =hewas
repetl.tlve sufHx Tunguslan: bt-5i-w = I wag

personal, eufflx bt-de-s = you were

bt-6e - he was , etc.
Scrbo-Croatl.an: Herc we noLe that ln the rrOld Sfavlcn language, the verb -to ba -
nold Slavlcrt: J-c-s-m€ t $C-Enb "" b'l't - forms tho future tensc rtth the sufftx -de-, l-n spite of the facl;
Thl.s verbal fcrm ls not, of Indo-European orLgln but Ls l"denH.caL to Lhat the Indo-IJuropean llngulsts dld not wanL to or do rrot wanL to noLice tr,.
thc equlval-enL form ln the agglutlnatlvc languagcs" Thc root is : e- The cquivalent of thls suffix ls present in the Tungusian lanqrrarqe:
The repetltlvs sufflx ls -s- , ri.del.y exlsting ln the agql_utlnatlvc 1anguaqcs, -at!-, -aLI-, -dU*, -d1-, ctc., the sufflx whlch lndleates the future Lerrse.
e"g. llungarlan I te-sz (does)3 le-az (rlU b€). Old Sl"avle: b8d- = I wlll be : Tunguslan: bl-dii-m
Slovak: bulp-m = u.s.
Serbo-Croatlan: bude-m = u.s.
 cf0' Cstkc-Botoc
-?9- cs6ke-Botos

'TIM VERBAT, NOUNS

Thus, Surnerlan: sag-ba1-E-Darn - belnq, exi.sting...
g1-nun-dl-Da-in - gcreamLnq ...
L. Thc 0onttnuous AdJectlval Vcrbal lloun (Prcrent, Partlelplc). dU_Dam = bulldlng
Let us take thc n0ld Slevlen aufflx fornatl.on. let-tl-i1A-Dam = looklng (raisinq the eyes)
Gcnltlve alngrlers nam-tar-rE-De * determlning t,he fate ...
I. vcC-htt-e - of thc lcadcr thereforer Sumerian: -ed (partlclpialfornant)
IIo zna- hS Ut-a - of th6 c:pcrt Hungarian; -end/-and
III. ehval-,o5t-a - of tho praircf ,Old Slavlc! *_J_oi,_J_
Thcraforc thc sufflx i.c c 1. -/tIr- r - l-r$It- - -Jg{t- *-J-ont_J_
a. -rBJt- * -3it- -h5r - JgXt ...
Lct us cxanLne thc flrst, f,ormr Thls sufflx also exl-sts ln the Hungarlan rmetathesls".
rn.- F85f"-o#- dth knorlcdge nold Sl-avlcil. zan- |EEt = knowing, (Iiung. trrdanct)
Accordlng to the atetementg of llngulrtro the foroantc -rrn$t- r.rfift- ve1- ft 5t - eorunancllng (Hung. parancsoland)
gocs back to the Indo-Suropcen slencntl -J9-nt-1- --JontJ-r ln rhleh veO-S$t : leading (Hung. vezetend)
thc consonant group t,j ln "Old $lsvlc[ boearnc St, t tJ) 5U (tnrcrted ordcr)" transcribed: ved-JonUt - Ieading (Cermanl fiihrend)
Illuotratlons -Jg-nt-1- Hungarlan: foly-vist - ffowing (Oerman: fltessend)
-JontJ- biz-v'ast - trustlng (Gennan: vertrauend)
thuss -Jgrl- fut-v6st = running (Gervnan: laufencl), etc.
andi -Jgtt- Question: why calt this ttord sravlcrr language 'rndo-European-slavlcr wlrerr
fl-netr Iy: -:-o{U lt lsnrt?
nrttgen: - irnYt- Note: The above-presented suffix in O1d Slavle, Lhe -.ionXt-/ -Jg{t-1
and: -"tit- e ruffh cLustcro ls only used ln the suffi.x form. rt doeg noL apnear in the nomlnaLlve crire.
Llngulc0s rtated that ihe Old Slavl.c suffli Bors back to tho Indo-Eunop.en The Old lilavlc nomlnalive form ends ln a vowol which assimilatecl Lhc sorrrr<l
parttclplal aufflx -nL-. Wa reJcct thls and tte 6tatc thet m do not knoy of bhe verbal sufflx.
of any wrlttcn documcnts ln xhlch thc exlstcnc" lGro ruppoacd$lndo- Thus: ved-'/o.|g = vezet-5 * leaclcr
Europcanllforraant could be provon. zna- l-r'fi = ludS * expert
lfc provc thet thls cufflx ln lts hermony, fornttlon, loeetlon end funetlor.r chval-rgr -- dteslr-8 - praiger, etc.
gocs back to thc Sunerlan partlel^plaL aufflx -cd" ?he nasal forn Ls a Thls sufflx is also identical to the r+idely used equiva.lenL in the aArlullrlt.lva
later dcveloJroent of, Old Slavlc" languages; Thus : flnal sound plus sufflx:
tt-v-v) tt
-vr
-\6
- l-rfi /-niaLvs/
_$l
in Lhe agglutirrative Ianguaqesl -fl, -1, -Y, -o,
 -s0- co8kc-notoc -ol- L,SOK.-t-JOLo3

Sumerlans SaYtugtug-"-r" - to the hcarer rn the Mongollan ranguage, thls s'ffix ean be found in the forlowrrrr
u-a - providor combj.natlon: -{san/ -gsen, perfect noun
kl-beL-a - rebclllng countr.y e.8. yabu-fsan - who arrived, who canie
{-^ - encestrt kele- gsen = who spoke, said
Hturgerlanl Lssz-a - drink In WrLtten Mongolian thls comblnatlon cari also be found:
szagl-a - snJ.ff yabu-fsa-far = tho onc who alreariy ]eft,
sziil-c - gtvc blrth Xhal-kha-Mongol.lan yaw-s6r = u.s.
HurrLtc: Un-e - f,uture Tunguslan: kek-{e = ono who dld
tad-ug-ar-i. - l-over MorphoJ"ogy, 01d Slavlc: -rb\-
Urartu !a-1-n5 - buyer -v Tos-
lbrdvlnlant paL-I - klsscr dongollan: -[aan/ -gsen
Flnnlsh dlal-eetr Laula-| - 61ngcr, rLngLng Tunguslan: -k!a, -sa, *Ya, -Ei, etc..
LappK : 6lLrs-1 r gwrlLolref Note: This sufflx ls identleal to the above-presented _s_ preieritc atltflx.
4
Old Slavlc: vd-VG- ledderr ctc.
3. Perfect Partlclplo
2. The Pest tcnre AdJectlveL Vorbel t'loun (PasN Partl.el.plc) In trold Slavlc'r: -I% is the sufflx
c.g. da-Ir|o= glven
The slgns are3 a). -gs- /rooI.s whLeh crd tn consonanbs/ ' b1-1% = htr
b). -rV;- /roots nhlch end I"n vorek/ dbla-lfa - done
Gcnltivc; a) vcd-!J-a !v,vcd- - lcad Vra-I,b = bouqht, ele.
b) zne-vt I-s ! tna- - knor Mongollan: -1uf al-liige : -Iu-f,a
Phonctlcc: The 5-sound f,omatLonc sJ> f -Iar/-Ie!
Trrnguslanl Ja/ -Ei -Iaf-Ie
e.g. Llterary llongollan:
am+d ' conre (has come)
yabu-lu{e = laft,
diarn-wEa - takenr bought
01d Slavlc: zna-v,gJ - cf. above .".
ilkii-le-gel - dted
nede-l-ii-i? - di.d he/she know?
Fron theec faets rc can aoncLudc that the forms prasentcdu*&r polnt a).
I*r al"kha-Mongo ll an Yawa-lf = left
cxprcss ectlvc ectlon, vhereao undcr polnt b). thoy are passlvc. Wlth the
of the Tun$ralen
Kalmuck: yow-1-d - u.s.
hel"p tanguagc comparl.son, $c can solre thc aa yrt umcsolvcd
bl-lE = been
norphologlcaL connectLons of the 01d Slavie tenscso".
bi-fil = has he been?
 .6tr- caSkc-Eotoa

c sdke-BoLos

Blelfeldt nont.lons , Op. Ctt. po 228e that thfu auffLx la ldentieel

to th. adJcctlve sufflx -1% c tn Old SlavLe.
r.8. gnl-lrl - rottsn 5. Passlve Preterltc PartlclPle.
ztbr'i-lr?o . rlpG
Old SLevic: 'ntlo, -antTor'en'(a
Therc connectlons elso exlst ln the agglutlnatl,ve Languagesr
e.8. nes-en! = takcn
[ongoll.ant tent-l - aequdlitddo ltnown
ved-en'16 - 1ed
tufu-l - eslf I to celvc re6-en? = sald
Chuwashl xir-lD-red:flirshcd OId Turklsh: tol-un - fullr fllled
Turklsh: osa-l-bad:ncgl.ected tiig-iitr - knotr knotted
y*r1-rl - reglsterod l.lordvlnian: kado-fi * lefLr abandoned
sevgl-ltr - lovcd, ctc" pala-6 = kisscd
Consequently that i.nportan0 auffh and lts atmcture ls not of, kando-r{ - broughL
Indo-European orlgln but i.t belongo to the aqglutlnatlvc l^anquagca end Cherendss: pul-n6 = been
ls llngulstlcall;r chsract,erlstic of thcn. Thc language v?rlch ts oalX.rd Korean: Eug-ln = dead
trOld Slavlcn cannot bc of Indo-Duropaan orlgln becausc lta ttrueture
sa-n = shoppedr etc.
ls ldentlca} to bho egglutl.natl"ve X.anguagea&
Old Sl-avlc: 4V
lr. Thc Prosent Tense PessLfr AdJoctlvaX. Vcrbal- lJoun. c.8. raspnr -t'6 - stretched otlt
!r0ld Slavlcr'; -m% kl,q|-trA * eursed
e"8. nero-frl/fr * takan t*r-t4r = harvasted
notr"l-nlb = bc8gcd povl -t tlp - rolled uP
vedo-7tl1' - l.d Turklsh: siipr-intii * garbage, svrapL
ptJe-m% - wr!.ttcn kur-untu - concelted
Turklsh: yaz-ma - wrltLen bula-ntY - disturbcd r mixed uP
as-ma - hangcd, hun6 Hungarlan: kifesz{tett = stretched out
old l\rkishl kfis-ni ' cuO 6tkozoLt = cursed
bar-nna o passcd, Loft bek6pzett = concelbedr etc.
ChcrcnLsa: tcno-n$ - f'l"lled
,II{E SUPIN!]
rudlo * cmtu notched

Old Slavie: -L @

e.g. viat-t% = in order to see

Iovi-t'la = ln order to eaLch
Tungusian: O-da = in order to become
Sufflx cl-uster: taj-d$J = Lo read
tik-t{ = to fal-lr etc.
This suffix ls not, of Inrto-European origin eiLher'
 -.ti4: caSltc-Botor
-BJ- csdkc-Botos

I?ts PRSTIIES
Phonetlcs: b) v and b) p ..,
The language rhlch k callcd r0ld Slavlcr ur6c pn flxo, llk6 I belleve that the identlcality cannot be denled. The language
Suncnlan and HungarLan. called rrold Slavtc? is an agglutlnatlve language ...
OLd Slavtcr r/ vG- - ln O]d Sl_avlc, ou- = away, from
v{n- . in (rlth rorelc) Sumerlan: al-
b/ po- r to Hungarlan: el- ... Phonetics: I), ...
cxsmplast e.g. ou-rtzatl = to cut off
"/ rf -vectl i to lcad lrr Sumerlan: al-bal-bal - break
Hungarlan: bc -vozeL - u.i. IlungarLan: ol-tbrte
Suncrtan; ba-a-tu - to drrop ln ou-krestl- - steal
llungarlanl bc-t6rt - u.s" Hungarlan: el-lop r 616s1
va-ie{w-bllghtflrc ou-m16 knfttt - to grow dunb
Hungarlan: eL-n6mu1 = to grow dunb (stlent)
llungarlan: ta-gr(1t - rtrlo
SunerLan: b{-ct-rt r he putr it ln thcrc ou-chodltl - le&ve, go away
va@-vfbtt . to put ln
HungarLant e]-negy o lcaye
Hungarlant bc-dug - eolc Sumsrl_en! al-t11
Hungarlan: etd5l=to fall
Sunerlan: aI-hebb-a
b/ 1'o-mazati - to annolnt Hungarlan: e]-rothadt - rotten
llurgerlant bc-kcn; bc-oizol - u.a. SuncrLen: al-hu1-hul
Suncr{.ant n6-U{-ric. hc guldcd thr rhlp ln Hungarlanl e1-6tkozott - cursed., etc.
llungarlenr Uc-{r6rrfft . to guldc ln
po-mrdlnttl - to frccac
Hungarlant bc-falpr r g.g.
$uncrLanr ba-gln r hc rsnt there
po-ouEati - lnstruct
Hungarlanr be-tanft - u.r.
Suh*lan! ta-nl-s( - he sprlnklcd it onto lt,
Hungarianl be-az6r, negsl6r, stc. r cprlnkle
Thc Sunerlan-Hungarl-an ldentleallt;rt
ba-, bf-
ba-/b.- oo,
 o66= Cc6lo-Botoc
_81- u 9o K e-bo r.o 3

PHONETIC HISTORT
01d SIaILle: gospod{a - }ord
The Congonants. Surnerlan: g1!, geJ, 29612 = man, lord, prlnce, soneone

Thc lnltlaL and final g-sourd of thc root," OId Slavlc: lgo = yoke
cf. Iatln: lugwn = u.s.
OldSlavlcs govfirla4a - cattlc- (adJecttrc) Swrerl-an: ugunr 35Ot2 = border, mounting
Scrbo-Croatiant govcda - cattLc (collcctlvc)
tha rootr go-vc- OId Slavic: boe = Coa

cf" OId Indlanr 8a61... Llt. Mongollan: bo/da = maJesty, royalLy; maJestlc, heavr:nlv
Suncrlan: glrh 297 rJ - ox, horncd eattlc Ulghur: boX;daz - u.s.
E.td 297ti r role
cf. Sulyuan: bo/da = Godr salnt
ef. *uX, 32916 - u.e"
Thla word La taken fron the SumcrLen and thcrcforc doce not orlglnatc fron 01d Slavic: fr\ ErbI'Tt = an81e, corner
the Indo-Ewopean languager" W. havc to nantlon that thc Suncrlan: OllD Serbo*Croatlan: ugal 5 u.s.
- dX.vlnlty ard thag the EnglLsh s COD and the Germans @TT - dtvtnl|y Ilungarlan! zugoly = nook, recesg
are also taken from the Sunerlano diafect: szugoly
01d TurkLsh: s6gir - u.s.
Old SJ.avlce golttt - to burn Chagetal: sii r;1r = u.s.
gh€ noots Bor-o-
fi Uighur: sa?lr - u.s.
cf. gr% nG- ovcn Llt. Mongollan: sigu{" - anglc
3oT, so? * eornerr h111
$orn r
cf" RussLan: uesr 0styak:
SuncrLan: gur, 46"5 r ovah
Notc: In Old Slavtc the s-sound at the beglnning of the root has disnpl,onlr'l;
etructurally, the root together wlth the sufflx ls ldentical to the
cf" BtrU 43Or2 ' oven, atovc, fl.rcplacc
cf. kur, L21 126 Hungarian word: I zugoly

IJterary liongoLlan: gal - flrc I szugolY : -lY = 5ug"1x

6td St.avlc: v$eVI% | -I\a = suffl-x
cf. qor-ur- - hurtr burn
Lanut-TungueLen ! gul r llght thc fLre
golomo - flrcplace
l,longollanc ?tr
d uosu
olunta
l(lrghlze gularnta - u.go
Phonctlcsc el t,hc end of, the root r)1 """
 -88_ csSke-Botoc
,89- Cr8ke-RoL."

The lntt,lal- and fl.nal" k-solnd of the root.

O1d Slavlc: pekf,r = I bake
Old Slavtes kLtstl - to Lay, to load, put togcther Ancient Slavic: r.pek-ti = bake
01d Turklsh: qal.a- - to put togethar, aeLdc, to ley TunguslanrGold: peku = heat
lllddle Turklsh: kaLa - to plle up pekusl - hot
Hungarlanl kelensra - shock, ptock (of corn) pekusl-= to be hot
In OLd Slavlc, the e-sufflx ls thc repetcH-vc suffk. Olcha: peku- hot
cf. 01d Slavlc: peJ-tl = bake
OLd $lavlc: ktloEo - kry cf. Stllerlan: peg 354, BB = burn
Sunerlen: kul /2rB - cLose, lock Thls word ls not of Indo-European orlgin either.
Hungarlan: kul-csol. : -csol - repetetlve eufflx - clesp (hands)
kul-cs - kryi hebarcs - nortar
Old Slavlc: kal% = dirt
Thls word went fron the Hungarlan lnto the sLavlc languagca regardlcse of Llt. llongolian: qaldag - paLch, dl.rt
Kalnuck:
how nuch the Flnno-Ugrlc J-lngulst,e reJect, thLsl Xald8?= u.s.

Old Slavlc-: kr7rvt = blood

01$ Slavlc: kovail - to f,orge
Sunerian: guru, gurun, kurun JJ2, 22 - blood
analysed I lcov-a-tl. - ltuJ-€-m - I forgc
Llt. llongollan: qor-qa? e pus
Turklshc kuyuncu - Jcreller, gol-dsn{th
Chagatal: qurda5ep = boll on a horge ...
OId Osman: quy- - pour, cast (netal)
Chagetal: quy- - melt mctal, pour
The supposed Indo*Europcan orlgln of Lhe O1d Slavlc z_sound.
Sumerlan: ku, 1168151 - preelorr<actalr rorker
Old Slavlc: znatl - know, inforn, teach
9ld $lavlc: pokol - retb
analYsed I zna-tI
enaLyscd: po-kol
Suncrl-an: a/ zu 6, l) - know, recoqnlze
Scrbo-Croatlen: po-k6J r u.r.
b/ gi 85,&0 = u.s.
po-koJnl - dLcd" dcad
Hungarlan: z6-gat, - lnform
Hungarianl huny, el-huny - cLoae your eycs, dl-c
zu-vo1 = qossip, twist words
l.longollan: eonu- r aleep, atay overnlght l'honetlcs: The vowel of the flrst syllable disappearecr. rn ..iunrerra,
l(alnuckr ;1ono- - u.e. both root words exist: zu and gi. Therefore we have no need of .rnv
Suncrlant !"" - r€st Indo-European explanati-on.
Letln (?)r gule-s - fart, rlcep, p€ecc
tlndo-European"orlgln"..
The anelent root ku- cenmt bc of
 *90* crdke-Botoa csSke-tlo t,os
-9L--

ThctOl"o Slavletanclcnt f,ornl a6ne. Turklsh: kld, kidin -

il.
O1d back
SunertanB
Uighur: kiidln - behlnd
Sunsrlan:
Jakut: tiitlX - baek of the head ...
Greek: '(lrfuqt-6fi1- I rccogntze
01d Slav_lc: zGv-a-tl = cafl
01d $lavlc: tr{rno - corr LlthuanJ.an: iavitt - dlscuss, practlse maglc
cf. Llbhuanlan: 61"n1s - peas 01d Tarklsh: saw, geb * word, speech, proverb, news
Sunerlan: zat \jlr2 - 6paln, corn Mlddlo Turklsh: sav-Ia - sneak a lob
cf, Akkadiane ,6ru = sccds, sor,rlng, shoot = fortune-telfer
"ar.-31
Kalouckl UareG - graLn Vogul ! Sar,, = WOfd
Shoron! Uyr*q * barley grlta SunerLan: SbU/iaq 38t+r2 = word, order
cf. Suneriane gur, guru 10 r 8rrron4r 5\2 - tccd, oprout, fruit Thlg word ls not of Indo-European orlgin.
cf, Iatlnc gr6nun - corn, kcnncX.
cf. Gcnnanl Korn - corn ctco 01d Slavlc: vez- =Ileadrltravel
cf. ves-tl" = leads
01d SLavlce z/Fb? - tooth ved-6-t%- u.s.
Llthuenlanl ["fiuas - aharp obJcct cf. vez-a-l6 = travels
Llt. ilongollan: lobu-'far - polnt, potnted MordvinLan: v6da- - Ieads ; Hilngarlen: vozet
cf. Uob-qa-Jl - to be poLntod Surrerlan: us 21112! = radfi = Iead, guide, go bohind, fo)l.w
Osman: clvrl - polnted, atrl Ulghur: uduz- - lead
Altal.o Turki.shc Ylb"g" - o""o OId Turklsh: uduz- - u.s. etc.
Flnnl.ah dlslactc hambaz - tooth Notp: In the 01d Slavic and the supposed Flnno-Ugrlc languages, Lhe v-sclttrl
popular; hamrnag - uooo ls a prothesls. Tho d-, g- and z-sounds go back to the older ljutnerian
Suncrl.ang zu, L5, 13 - u,ao 5-sound, thug the "Old Slavics }anguage is not of Indo-iluropean orlqln, l,ec,rtt'r.
ln the time of the Sunerlang there was not even a trace of the so-cal I erl
Slavlq:
Oi.d aadi. = ln the back Indo-European Ianguages.
analyseds zad-i.
The supposed "Old Sl"avic" s-sound.in the j.nltlal and flnal 1xrsll,l,rt.
Creck; ;66xvog - bottomp postertor
Suncrlang gudu 32912 - enus, post,erl.or
Vogult khutl- - portcrlor 9l{-:ikvle: s(o, s!, se = the
Ll.t. llongol.lanl gedr - beck of the hcad 01d Turkish: Eu - that there
gadergii - bchlndr back Trtkish: 3U i U.3.
Jakut: suhr = the
Fi. nni. sh: se + thls, Lhab
sielti - frorn there
sllni = tlrere, over there, eLc.
 ;t2- Cs8kc-gotor -93- csdke-Botoc

01d Slavlgt p4r-a-tl - wrLte 9ld 9lavlc: s%io - I0O

Altalc Turkiah: pfd-fn - rrrLtingr book
Vogulr sEt - u.s.
Chagetal: pcY-ek - tl.ckctr aLgn
Ostyak: slt, slt, - u.s.
Finnish: gete * U.a.
pr6f.stn - nrltcr
[ordvlnlan: sada - u.!.
Mongoltan: bt61- - *rttc
"iifo = o.".
Gherenl"ssl
Turklsh: blt- - u"s.
Suncrlan: bad 5915& - op!n, pLough Turkmcnlan: Jrid- u.s.
cf. pttZ 'goce Basklrlenr J8'd - u.s.
Uzbck! -
Jriz u.s.
01d Slavlc: slovo - nurd
Jakutl
"{is
- o.".
Ilungarl,an: sz6z - u.s.
Churachr so}a- - speak (..
Chuwagh: = o.".
$zagaJl; aiild- - uic.
Sunerian: Yarr396, r9/3o = many, a lot
Krrakt sllld- - u.r.
cf. Oreek: n&?% - 36C[ / loan word fron Surncrlan
Kamnl ,-Tatar! sbyli- h lpcak, rey
Chegatel! a6ylc- - u.a. O1d Slavi_c: ostrz = potntcd
Osmant r5y1c- - orlo ator
Old lurklsh: of - polnt
Notc: The forn ard mcanl.ng of thc ruppoccd lrdo-;Europcan norda do not
Turkiah: u9 a u.s.
belong harc. the Old Slsvlc rord Lr. not of Indo-Eumpcan orlgln.
Ulghun uE - the polnted end
Osnani u{ = endr polnt
S-glsslg: 8r.&d4c€ - hoart Jekutl us-uk - u.a.
cf. Llthuanlan: Ulrdls - u.r" ?eleut: uE-a- = sharpen
rlakutl afiri1 - u.t" Flnnlsh: astala = spllnter
fielnuekc z(iritr; - unso Sumerlan: fd, tUt = nountal,n
Llt. llongoll.anr flrrikcn - u.c. cf. Srunerian: fet = spllnter
Old lurklshs yflilit - urEo Turklshl lgne - spllnter, needlel
Turhl!h: yiirek - u.ca Note: Thc Old Slavlc s-sound ls not of sccondary Indo-European orlgin
Clurrarhl {a rl . itplo but ldentical to the stailar Urel-Altalc sound. Butaparl frorn thls, Lhere
cfn Avcatat z 6 ro d-e - u"s. ctc. a sccond posslbllity ln the agglutinatlve languages.
ilotrs fh. contun-saten theory li onLt a thaort and nothlng clse rro rcll,
lct ul !!e.o
 *9&- cs6ke-nrt,os
-95- cs#ke*tk,1,,"

01d SJ.avlg: v4s(- rtllage

llungarian:
Slovoncl vac ! urso e.g. . UJfalu -
l,lova-Vcs Ncr glLl-atc
szJk = chalr
Chagatel: siikt = chalr
but vAS a uolr e.g. Nova-Vaa - UJfalu - llow Vi.llagc
South Korean: BJgk * u.s. etc.
Thc v-sound at the begi.nnlng of thc nord lr a prothe$is...
The rooi word ln each case fs st-; tbe _s_ and _dB_ ara
Thug: vGaft only sufflxes-..
o te(p
01d Slavic: sedrnE= 7
{s& analyzed:
Sloyencl *es ) ver sed-m'6: -rn%=sufflx
Mlddle Turkish: Jadr -
or *ea) vas 7
Osman; Jedt =
Sunerlan; r,X, 1z8o2c- house 7

cf. .Ya l28rze -

O1d Turklsh: xltl - 7

cf. Akkadlanl
"."" Vogul: sEt=z
.$iu, rYA*" eYru, o56ru
Latln: scptem - / etc.
Just as: waifrru ".. Note: As we can see, the fndo-European language fanrily, plronetlcalJy
neanlngr placp, localtty. Thts word in
Akkadlen i.a borrowcd f,rom sumcrlan" and morphologlcally, has no cornectlon wlth the
Old Hungarlan: araa - hiza - hls housc Ural-Aftalc_Olcl 5lavlc
language farnlly; where dld the p-sound go from the o1d sravle
cf" Sdnaorhdze * S6ndorfalva - Sdndorrc vllLagc vogul )anguages? Moreover, the Gothic word forn ls : srbun,
anri tire
Phoncbl.csc The h- Ln tlungarlan La a protharla... y6t, thl6 rord rxLrts in the 0reek
however *:LnrJ r rn connection wlth thls, eompare the senrrtlc-Akkerrnn
Sunerr.an ln thLs form too; aka" ag, 18316 - pLacc, local.lty
word: Ylbu or stbi = ?. How dld Lhe b-sound tn the
cf" latLnr 01d Slavlc antt Vorul
- group cf houses, villagc
vTcus words becorre a d-sound? If the Hungarian word "hret,, is an rAryann loan_wor(1,
Both ruord forms: vGat and vleua go back to the swtrcrLan wordac cX ard ak&, ag. hor cou-l"d lt be rrPrnno-ugrrc"? From thls, rt ls crear thaL
Dcrlvatlon: Sumerlans a5,ci) Old Slavlec v6sb the 'rrnrr'*
Europeanrr lingulsts are afways guidcd by politlcal
interest anrl in Lhig wnv
agraka ) Iatln: vTcus... they make their declslon, never according to the truth...
Thc tlmc hal corne for us to anafuze the Greek and LatLn Loan-rords from Sunrcrlen"""
OLd Slavic: mbzda - Hages
Old SlavLec sts-tL - slt down Suoerlan: neYr 7619 o rent, proceeds, incorne
enalyzed: st-s-t,1 ma5-da-a-rl 76,7O
cf, gbaB-tf * he strs Turklsh-Tatar: miizd = sal_ary, honorarlum
analyzed: dB-at-tr Persian: muf,d = u.s. (loan-word from Sumerian)
ef" X.atlnc sede-rc * u"s"
Sunerian! su$ 536,14 - stt The 01d Slavlc ch-sound
cf. $c-du 16?12o6 - u.s"
-f su5 53611& - u"s. Old Slavlc: ouiho - ear
e t o 3lg? 151,6'u.r" iierbo*C roatian: ucho * u.s.
X,lt " l{ongol-tr.anl safu ' slf, I,lural: ,rEi = ears
 -96- cc8kc-Botoc
-97* cs6ke-[tot,o,n

Old Turkishc EUtd - hcar Thus, Iatin: verrica - rloe, wart

cf,. e$lt - uoe. Osman: ur * swolllng, gr.owlh
Suncrlanr EuX ZII'TO - hcar, p*ccLre Kazanl-Tatar: ,a..
oro = u.s.
Phonctlcss The inltlaL S-aound dlsappeared. Llt. Mongollan: ur = lump, knot
t{orphologr: The Old Slavlc word tc clnptry a ycrbal_noun, thuar
.. ucho( uch-o - heerer 01d Sla_tdc: n.tiftf t v4rchg = I thrastr
e.g. Flnnlsh: korva - ear, whtch eetuall.y n6anr : hcarcr and !.hlch i3 ahcient fonn: 4.,
*urtidltl ! rurche)
felat6d to the Turkl"sh: eulqe - ear, ectually: lgarer. Ofd Turklsh: ur = to beat
Turklsh: vur- r u.g.
01d $lavlc: mouehe - f,ly Jskut: ir_ * plle up
Surnerlans ro.r{ 40516 - p1" RussLani v6roch - corn stock
Zyrlan: ,nu$omoE - bee Phonetics: In tho OLd Slavlc language, the v-sound al the beglnn.lng of
Vottrak s rnu5g u.e. the verbal noun goes back to a more ancjenl u-sound. In the present Lensa
Cheremlss! mitXI - uosce ctc. v ( prothesd-s. Thc conncctlon ls logica1, and ln overy respect lt is ln
consequently, the hypothetlcel Frnrn-ttgrre or A4ran,rordr rhckye accorJance with reallty and therc are no Indo-European characterlstlcs
- flyr lrr
bee, can bc flnally traccd back to thc Surncrj.an rord aboveooo Analyzed: vrtirtt ( *ur-t5-i-rt
verbroot I I
Old Slavtg: vr4ehrb r pesk repetellve sulflx 6-_-.l I
anclcnt for.n: ttvr4 ahrto vorbal suffix q--.---_--l
l,lt. l{on6oLlanr onol - peak, polnt I
verbal noun
Kalmuck: orB * u"a. I

Jakut g
oro! - u.so OId Slavlc: tlchG - quiet, peaceful
MlddLc l{ong,ollanl horal- - u"s" cf. Serbo-Croatian: tt5lna = sllencc
Hungarlant oronrc u.so, ctcn OId Turklsh: t"iEi - he dreans
Phonetlcs: In Old Slayls y(u Chagatai: tiig - dream
cf. s€rbo-Croatlans rurch)vrch Sumerlan: tl fJ,6 = rest
cf. Russlan: verch(v-crch(*crehi Ln Russlan the v-sound ls
a prothesif. OId Sl-avic: chodlti - to go, go
Blcrfeldt, cf" op"clt" p.d3, ldcntlfles thls rord wlth the tatlnr rarrfica Llt. llongolian: od-, odu- * happen, stand asjde
E acab, rlse. Thl-s word f,ornn al6o erLsts cf. Greek: 58ag = way
ln the fiongol_lurklsh Languages,
lr,lthout the v-prof,hesls. Os[lAn3 ad- = strlde
Turlmenlan: da-lm = step, ete.
 -98- cs3kc-Botor
-99- cs'5ke-Botnr

Thc Inltlal and Flnel aoundr of the rrot *orda 01d Slavic: prl-I6p-a-tl = stick there
Serbo-Croatian: lep-t-tl - stlck
E-.gIg!&: plBdc - Ln lront of, bcforc 01d Turklsh: yap-5ur- - to fasten, stiek
Ancltnt Slavlct *pcr-d% / aeeordln8 to Btclfcldt/ ?urklsh: yap-L5tIr- * u.s.
Llt. f{ongollen: url-da - ln front of, beforc Chuvash: Srs-3!- - u.".
Jakutl urut - u.c' According to theso cra.nplee, Lhe L-sound at the beginnlng of the word ls
Anclont llongollant r+purl-da - u.e. sccondary.
Osman! pdrA6 - curtaln (l)
Old Slavlc: po1-ica - stlck / llterally: beater/
Q!C-fllg&!g: s?p-e-il - tl?ep Sulerlan: bar 7l+r I17 - utr.at, rt'"n
ilongollan: seb - rtcovcry, rart cf. Sunerlan: bal = strlker beat
Srmrcrlant eIgr 29i, &7c - rLlcncc, rcot Hungarl-an: p61ca - cane
Phonetlcs; e);)")n ".. cf. Flnnlsh: palJa=hammcr:beater
pallata r to haruler
01dSlav1c: fB-tl - sLng cf. Hungarian: pell = ctrlke, bcat, fllrt
rootr
the pt- cf. Klrglc: balga - hemner, eLc.
osnanr 6t - u.r. /-r - afitIt/
Jekutt At, - spcak, oound OId Slavlc: p4s-a-ti - wrlte
Phoneticst [n Turklsh, thc Lnltlal p-sound dl.rappcared. ALtalc ?urklsh: pf{-ft = wrLtlng, book
Chagatal: peU-et< = tickct, eign
01d {ilavlcr L. pr4at0 - carthr dust pfEf-din = wrlter
2. prach,6 . dugt !,{ongo1lan: bi6l - wrlte
ancLcnt forlrt *f)orror - u.co / eccordLn3 to Blclfeldt/ Turklshl bit- =.u.s. etc.
Flnnlshl poro * duot, Irhct
longollanr bor - dugtr sand The Initlal and Flnal b-sound of the root.
Hungarlenr por duat ctcr
Old Slavlc: b'lt{o-tt = be, exlst, 1lve
o!$-srav:!gr pol6- aldc, half TungusJ.an: bi- g u.s.
Flnnlshl puoll - u.s" liongollan: bii- = u. s. , etc .
Vogul: pBl . u.a., ctc.
Suocrlans ber ?t, l/86 - u.a. 01d Sl.avlc: b|?4t<7 = 611
Phonctl.csr b)p; and r)I 01d Turklsh: buka = u.a.
Ulghur: buka = trrs.
0sne.n: bufa = u.s.
 =1@- cadke-Botoo
-101- C si5 lrn - 1Lr Lc, rr

Mongollanr buqa - trulL, obc"

ef. Old Turklsh: b<igiir - Lo bcllox The Inltlal and Flna] t-sound of Lhe word-root.
UongolLan: rndgli-re - u.a.
Hungarl.an: b8g - q.". Old Slavlc: 14na - darkness
BloLfeldb, Op"CLt. # d5, l.rU.l not aecept the Urat_Altatc orlgln
cf. t4nQn6 = dark
of chls word but rather traccs tt back to the slovcnr xord! b6katl- be]_ron Llt. Mongollan: ttunaY = fogry, dark
and neanwhllc, he forgot, to nrentlon that thls r*ord also cxlsts ln bhc lutalo
tunan * fog
languages, cf. abov€.
Flnnlsh; tu&na = dark
Ulghur: tamu = hellr plt, dungeon (!)
0l4_Slavlc: - hcarenr skX
nebo tunan - fog, darkness
Suroerian: nab 12912 - Cod ,.. Chagetal: tunan - u.s. etc.
Accordlng to BLelfeldt, thls rord ia ldcntlcal. to the tnttn: ncbula -
fog and the cermanr I'lebel rhlch neans the rame thln!. rt cannot bc aeecpied Old Slavig: to5-t-tf = lo make flow
that the 'rAncl-ent slavs n had such a nfogp-J, l-dca of Heaven. Btceusc thl6 cf. tokt|r - lilow, river
word sounds llke the Latln and Gennan wolds, he prcsumer they are ldcntleal Old Turklsh: tdk- - to pour out
yet his comparJ"son, ln splte of thls, lc not eonvLnclng"." Osman: d6k- = pour, pour out
Chuwash: tSk-, tok- = u.o.
OId Slarlc: bLato - crernp Sunorian: drgr 396, 26 = pour oul, in
cf. baLr&tln64 - u.s" Phonetics: k) E palaLalizatlon .,.
cf. Rugslan: bol6to - u"c"
Llt. l4ongoLlan: balEfT - dl-r'te fl-LLh, loan OId S.l,a'!r1c: t%k-a-ti = weave
Turklsh: belclk q ucse. Ol-d Turklsh: toqY- = u.s.
Eastcrn Turklsh: balElk r u.sc Uighur: toku- = u.s.
cf. paldlk - u.s. l{lddle Turklsh: tokY- * u.s.
Klrglzl balqaE - swamp ChagaLai: toka- - u.s.
Notct Thlsr"ord kent Lnto liorlern Greek from the agglutlnative language,i.ptn"Ta Ogman: doku- - u.s.
Sunerlan: barans - Euphrates Sumerian: Lag, 126126 = weavc, sLrike
Serbo-CroaLlan: bareY - snamp Lukur 126,22 - u.s.
cf. lstln paLus - u.g. cte. 'fhls needs no explanatlon...
ca1ld the Euphrates Lhe rgreat baraner - the great
The SumerLans
swanpy rlver. Thc Lat'ln nord l-a a ]"oan-flord" The Labtn languagc la not a Ol-d Slalic: tt6L-tt5-tr1 = p'ush

lupcrlor langua6;e" The world dld not begl.n wlth thc latln and Greek lenguag6c . Ulghur, Old Turkish: 1fi1 = push aqainst sornelhing
Thc l"anguage cal"lcd it0ld Slavlcw cannoL be an Indo-Europeen languaqe becausa lllddle Turkish: U{t = to sLuff ln
there ls absoLutcLy no proof Lo lndlcate that tt, cver crl"stede rt ls onl.y Osnran.. tYka = lo stop up
a hypothetlcal ancLent languapqco created at, the dcsk... cf. aYk- = u.s.
 4o2- codke-rotos -10r- CsSk o-Botot

Old $lavlcl oLte4a - fethar OId S1avlc: ttaa - knonledge

Old Turklshl ata { u.!. cf. ota*t-tr - to know
Turklsht tta ! u.!. Lit. llongolian: roedc-ge - to knowl knowledge
dlddlc Turkllhr atakl - ded, cten cf. mede- = to know, decLde
cf. Tungwlan: niiddy-, nydde - mark, note
Thc Inltlal and Flnal d-round of thc Word-root cf. 01d Slavlc: nftdr& = r'lse
nffdrost,% = wlsdon, ei,c.
Old $lavlcr oB-tt . tay, oet, put
Suncrl.an: du 206, tl a u.s. The Old Slavlc r-sound.
cf. du, 2lOrJl - u.r.
01d Slavlc: /Ed% - speech
013 Slavlc! drtvo - tree cf' re6-ti = to speak
cf. Rursten! d5rcro.- u.s. re6-e-t% * u.s.
Uzbek: diriXt - u.a. Ancient forrl: Itrck-tl
llastern Turldshl derax . pl.ante trec, burh Sunerlan: rIg,r 2lJctJ = to speak, to say
Turkncnlan: daraht - trec riea - u.s.
Teranchent diirirx - ulrar Hungarian: rcg5l", rege * to rectter recltation
Phonetics: Thc g-sound, wlth palatatlzatlon: g)q)X2i ln the languagc
Old _$lsvlc I dont - housc called n01d SlavLc'r.
Otd ?urklrh: tan - rall
Ogmant tatr - u.6. 01d Slavict rlldB - Ihc
Chegatel-: tan - roof Serbo-Croatlan: r6a t roa.
Mongollanr tane - vaIL
Sunerian: rer 2O6, a, 1l - ridu
f,oreenr tan - lr.i. ra J28r2? = Sakdnu

Sunerl.en! dLm, - l40r? - to bulLd

rar 2Q6,23 = k6nu
Senantlcs: to lead, guLde, rulc, dlrect, be suited to, follow, learier;hlp,
governncnt, be flrm" be constant, to set, to put, Lo orrler,
Old Slavlcr rouda - orc
cf. r ZdrA- red
to declde, to prepare, to creatc, to cffect, to apply
Hungarian: rend, rendez, rendef - otdcr, set ln order, to ordcr
Suacrlan! urudu, urud 13212 - coppcr
tttotc: The'bld slavrc/word is identlcal to the sumerian-Hungarian. rt berongr
Phonctlca: urudu) trudu) Old Si.evl.cr rouds
tO the agglutlnatlve languages whose prl-orl"ty can bo proven
urudu)unrd )trud) Old Slavlc; rrgd-r? ln wrltten
Thc Lnltlal u-aourd, durlng thc course of phoneiLo hletory, dlsappcared, there-
fore the d-aourd la not of lrdo-Europcan orLgln.
 -10[- Ccllkc-Botoc
-r0t cs6kc-Dotos

docunentg.Let,thelrrdo-Europeanll-ngulr|schor'_alnllarvaluab}4,trrlttgn rrOld Slavl-crr the

In lnltlal vowol dlsappcared. Nov let us see a
docurnents ahorlng [he tracce of the Indo-European langueger.
k' ln most c8r€!t comparlsons of the word-endl"ngs.
$!9,! The lnltlal r-sound ln the Old Slavle languai:c
secondaryrc.g.ther-soundrforrnedbyatranspoaltlon'LaEl'soofUraL-Altale
01d Slavlc: kr.ffgto = clrclc
orlgln. Sumerlan: kura 6o, 33h = fo curve, bcnd circlc
Flnnlsh: korl = clrcle
Old $lavlc: r44 d-a-tl ' comPlaln
qur-$a = to surround
Old Turklsh:
Sunerlanc Lra-du 5?9, 369 - conPlalnt horl
MongolLanl kiirdii = clrcfe, etc.
cf. er.-du 5?9r 388t ' lamentat'lon, crtlnS
Hungarlan: o"l{r, orolo6l - b*"1, kecP Ycllln8 01d Slavic: *Farts /pronounced: Jiro/ = 3or1nu
cf. - eryr barl"
"6t3r Polishl Jar - u.r.
rlvul, r(, rlogat, rlggat, r{kat - ileept cr!/t Czech: Jar$ - u.s.
frLghtcnl nakc (sY) crt yaz /< tar/ = ,.".
Old Turklsh:
ef, Old Slsele: rou-tl - barl Turklsh: Jraz ' Suomer
rlo-t!'urS. Hungarlani nydr - auno,cr
Llt. ltongollanl orkl,re- i lcrcam, bawl".. Mongollan: nar&n ' sun
Koreani derlm - srrnncr
Old Slavtcr r aA'tL ' to burYr dlt Chuwash: 5or, 6ur = spring
Hongoltant ur Pit, hollor Srunerl-an: Ear tizr3Sho8 = grecn
Ghagatal: or dltchr Plt KazanL Tatar: Jar8a - surnmcr corn
dakut! 0r'6-, oruo- - burXr to dlg out Baskirlan! JdrsA - u.s.
Hungarlan: ndna - dltchl Jakut: Jarysaa - u.s.
cf. Flnnlcht ' Lovl' ' clcft, notch, fLaaurc, crcvLcc cf. Russian: Jarlca = u.s. etc.
cf. Busai.an: rovn/tLzJ - 8tra18ht, flst The rrSlavlcl word is a loan-word from the agelutlnatlve languages.
Hungarlan: rJnc'flato opcn cormtry
Sulyuqn: ort'u ' atralght, flet, ctc. 01d Slavic: kour6 = rooster
Phonetics: or./u) orf - )xeoo-) t*rot- Sumerian: kur-gl-hu )66157 * hen
Hungarlan: *rona ".. cf. Akkadlan: kurkt = u.s.
Finnish: kurkl = crane
OId $avlcl rtko - rlver Llt. Mongolian: qora = nountaln-cock
Llto l{,ongolLan; urlr-!- - to flol, stroan Klrgiz I qur = u.s. etc.
Kolball urJt- - PoUr
BurJetr urusil81 - Current
0riis - blg rLver
Jakut! 6rfis: . u.t.
fira[ - ltttlc rlver, etc'
 -106- erdkc-Eotoc
,1O?-
csdke-Bo bor

The Inltlal and Flnal L-sound of the word_root.

cf. dlelect: sl-tb 147,33b = u.s.
Old Slavlc: l$p.f, = fit, sulbable
Old S}avlcr rct-t-tr - rr'
Flnnlsh: lentd- - fly (naral) I$pota = prosperlty
ef. lento . f,lylng llob-t- = Love ... ctc.
af
ll.ntu - btrd /rfltcr...,/ Slavic:
Sunerlan: ?td 84144 . rlae clinb
OLd Iedll = i""
Surnerlan: sedl-sld 103b, I = co1d, frost,
Fhonctlcgl z) l, whlch rncans thet thc Okt Slanlc l-aound, ln nost cescr, wlnter
secordary.
l! Llt. Mongollanl Jud, Jutu = very co1d, wlnter
Turklshl Jut = u.s.
01d Slavlq l}odlf€. pcopl"c (eoltectlvc) OId Slavic: chval*l-tt = praise
pronounced: fJgdiJc
Scrbo-Croatlan:
cf. ehvala* pralre
fJudL - u.r. analyzed:
analyzod: chval-a
rJu-dt Old Turklsh:
the rootl kUfA - praise
lJu- Turklsh:
Sunerlanl kiir! s u.s.
Iu, 3)or2 - llan Phonetl.cs: Old Turklsh
Notc! The Sunsr.lan wonl rent lnto aany nlndo_Europcann k ) Old Slevic chv ...
lanquaBa;, elto
lnto Gcrman: Lcutc - people, eko a collretlr. woftl. pron
thts, tt tr 01d Slavic: kIBt6la = 6u11
obvl.ous that the Indo-European llngulctr
dld not undcrtaka ,. obJcctlrc kttt{o - u.s.
Llngulstlc rcsearch. Turklsh: ktltt = Lock
cf. k111t-1e = to lock, lock ln
OId Slaylcl lpbG - dear Hungarlan: kalltka = blrd-eage
?ha Verbal form: ttob-l-tt - to Wc SunerLan: kul 72,8 = hold fast, close
Ol.d Turklshl 9ir - u.ro I belleve there is no need of speclal cxplanatlonl
cf. sEret - dear
siiwlg - 1sj6 The Inltlal and FLnal n-sound of the root,
Turklahr gev- - lovc, etc"
lilotec Thc rtOld Slavlcn l-sound, tn
thti caac, ls not of lrrdo_European 01d Sfavlc: rnXka = torture, torment
orLgLn crther, but accondary and formcd from the Turklsh analyaed: mfi-ka/-ka - sufftx,/
E-''urd.
Lct us note: 't 's j'tlddlc Turkish:
nu? E trouble, need
sumcrl.an: trer 756u ,16/l - Ulghur: mup - need, grief
good, bcautlful, pure, frlcndly,
favourablc, sncet, adrantageouo, Eastern Turklsh: mu? = trouble, sorrow, grlcf
rleJ.l_bclng, beauty, goodncso... Xazanl;Tatar: m6? E SOrrow, pain
Kazak:
slgS ,r5X]r7 - u"s" mu2-al = to suffer, etc.
 -106- csdkc-Botor -109- csdkc-uotoc

914-!!Se neE4 - srord The n-sound

Llt. l.ongollanr ne8c '6hort S$ord
l(elmuckl ttlCgt r trrr 01d Slqvlc: nlr.. nL = neither ... nor
Kolbalt nlo . llvc Turklsh: nc ....nc = u.3.
Sumorl"an! nu. .. r nu = u.s., etc.

9l4--lleglgc nf,ttt- nan' :

Yogulr , nafifl - u.r. .919-$ac&: ondde = there

Old Turkloh: ma# - u.s. 01d Turklsh: anda - u.s.
Flnnlsh dlaleets rnef, mcf, E rrr9r
SumcrLen! lrr1I 296" ' nan Old $lavlc: onfidou = fron there
cf. nuE, rnu-u$ - u.d. 01d Turklsh: andYn - u.s.
HungarJ-anl OrthaD = UrSr

9tc-!s: *!tr,$ - porcr

The Initial and Flnal v-gound of the root. .;
Suncrlanl mah !?r3 ' powerful

lm-a-tl - tak6r takc atrey Old 9lavic: vrt?ch6 = old

9l{!4!e.: cf. v-et65-a-tl = to grou old
Llt. llongollan: uint<e- - plck, precs ln the hand
OId Turklsh: 6,d - tlne
Llt. l{ongol-tan: abu- - tekc
cf' auuJa - taklng Hungarlan: idd = u.s.
avu! handful cf. 1d6g - old
Osmant '
Sunerlan: ed, ud = time
Chur.e6hr 1165, lvfi - u.a.
cf. llungarian: tddsddlk = he ls growlng old
ui8 - u.s"
Phonetlcs: The lnltial-v ls a lrrothesl-s.
Scrbo-Croat,lan r uae-tl - to tekc
Sloveh! vzla- - u.gr
9fg-!1s1s: vautf(yet-t JG/ = vis
cf. velik% = u.s.
Old Slavlcl t4ma'- derkncrc
analyzed: v-c1l-k16
FLnrir.ehr tuntla - derlr
0sman: ulu = to make blg
Churr?sh! tan - Yart dark, cter
Kazani-Tatar: cfe = to becomt biB
Jakut ! ul"u - u.s.
Old Turklsh: ulu = bJ.g, bt8Ber
Middle Turklsh: ulu - blgr elevated
t.
Surneriah: uI, 154*r lO = t^ be hlqh
i)honetl-cs: The initlal v-sound is a prothesls and the -k is a sr.rffl.x.
 *xlo- csEka-botoc -111- Cscike-Botor

Old Slavlc: v,66h-nf,i-ti - lcarn, gct uscd to Old Slavic: vr'4-tB-tt = to turn
Ulghurr uk- - to undirstand, comprehcrd ancl"ent forn: ur4-tlB-: therefore u) v
Turktshl
|tlddlc - u.ro
uk- Mongollan: or-El- - to turn
llongoll,anl uka- * undcrltard, comprehcrrd Ancl"enL llongollan: +rporti-
Old Turklsht uk- - u.r. filddlc l,longollan: horfl- = u.s.
f'honetlce: The Lnltlal. v-sound ls a urothcsls.., }{anchurlan: for.o - to turn
Ewenkl: horol - to turn
Oldilavtcr v$lso-kti9. telI Hungarian: forog, fordul - to revolve, turn
Flnnl3hs i.so - blg Votyak: porJ&l = revolve, spln
PhonctLcsg Thc lnltlal v-sound la e Drothesls. In l{ongollan and ln OId S1avlc the nore ancl-ent lnltlal p-sound dlsappcarad...

01d Slgv1c.r vlbktlo - ,o!.f Old Slavlc: vls-t-tt = to hang

v]..,t -kG ! -kt .
01dturklsh: as- = to hang up
snaltzedt suf flx
anclent fonnl *ul4-kG Turklsh: es- - u.s.
Ulghur: as- - to hang up, hang on
!;tddlc Turklsh: ulI- - shout
Chuwash: s6-, !ln- - to hang
Old turkl.sh; ulY- - noan
l4ongolLan: asa- - ral-se oneself up
l(azanl-Tatar: ula- - thbut
Phonctl-csl The lnltlal v*sound Ls a prothesls ...
OsnanB ttlu- - U.!n
Churaeh: tLu- . u.c.
OId Slavic: t'Br.f - age, llfetlme
llongol-ian; ull-. u.g. lka * egc, llfe, llfetlne,
Flnnlsh: sta61e of tife
Flnnlrh: ulvo- - uog.
LappRr ake = u.s.
The Old Slevtc wordr t["(krb- roJ.f, actualLy means onc rho shoutca Ln
cf. - u.s
Jakc
Garnen: Heulcr. onc rho honlg. Phoncttcs! p)v, tn thLs casc, an
Lntcgral part of, the eound"
Old Slavlcl dr6 va - two
Mongollan: dad a - folfor
"ra{4 -
Old Slavlcr doctor Tungusian: =
ancLcnt form! *XraEt """'
Phonetlcs: ff:u\v
e / 6, ..:'u"
SuncrLang uraU 535, t /? - to uee, Look, cxam!.nc, havc e rlslon,
here a sccrct, Old Slavlc: ov$ca = shecp
i'honctlcs: u)"e 5\I "..
^, / analyzed: ov- {ca
Sumerian: ua, ura, u, I+91+16
cf. Hungarian: Juha-k = sheep
 -cIIz- ccdkc-Botos
_u3- csSkc-Botoa

Thc J-sound conneetlona.

It ls atrange that llngulstlc rcscarch is silent about Lhese connectlont.
Old Slavlc: tonrg, _ lroung
pronounced:
2. Old Slaylc: pd'fo - nourlshrnent
Jgng
Old Turklsh: lni ! youngor brothen FadonlFc - catlng
analyzed:
Ulghurl lnl - ooso ry44,
the root: l-a- : l-nherent J-sound
Chagatal: lnl r u.so
pronounced: Ja
fiazanl.-Tatar ent - u.!o
Jakut: lnl - eub
Osnan: J5- * to oat
Old Turkish: Xl- 'u.s.
cf. Old Turklsh: cnllk - botr youth
Ulddle Turklsh: yc- = u.3.
nlddLe Turklehr enlk -
d"a.
Chuwesh: Xl- - u.s.
Phonetlcs: ths lnlt,lal J-sound t.c a protheeLa r.. Fi,nnlsh: sy6- - u.s.
Hung&rlant cszl} * u.s.
Old Slavlcr laatL - cet Sumcrian: tc 367, 58d - to eat, dine
Thls rarbar forn La Lrrcgular. Thc rnoot 6ocs back to tro dlffcrent
cf. te -ba 167, 3t ...
nore anclent orlgins, one of *hLch has thc LnitteL J-aound ec a prothcsls,
ln thc otherl horcvor, the J-sound lc an i.ntegral. part of the gound. Thc 3. A thlrd posslbllity Is givcn:
anclent sourcg la thc s./S - sound.
Old Slavic: lad6 = food
the root ls: Fad-4 : j- prothesls
1.01d Slavlc: Fastl" r 6at Llt. Mongollan: ed-1e = to eatr dlne
analyzedr t'86-t1
pronounccdS J6stt 01d Slavlc: |ama - pit
anclcnt fornt *arLtl r J-prothcslc pronounccd ! Jana : J- prothesls
the rootr ag- Mongoltan: anan - openLng, hole, val1ey
Old Turklcht ef - foodr nourlsht.nL i aIa - cst, fc.d Jakut: arna tIt ! u.e.
cf. as-Ilq 'kltehen Turklsh: *, = plt
Ulghurr a5 - notlshaent, food Nor'r let us sec the folLowing:
Chagatal: aY-Ia- - .et, drlnk
fiLddlc Turklsh: aY-lak - food Old Slavic! vo'F4vetl = to wag€ war
Tobol^l a$lau - trough, nangcr analyzed; vo F4-va-ti
Kalmuck! aIlfi-efl6ttrou8h pronounced: voJe-
Tatara afLau - trough Mongollan: baJl-Idu- = strugglc, fight
Old Slavlcr hasll.-crlbrmangcr baJl-ri - battlefleld
Hungarlanr J6sz6l - nanger Phonetlcs: The lnltial b)" ..,
and asztil - table cf. with these connectlons:
 -n-rt- Ccttec-Botos
-u5- cs6ke -Botoa

Old Slavle: vcs-tl. 1- Lcad /vcrbrl noun,/

vcd-c-t? - u"s. /suplnc/ Let us notl.ce:
l4ordvlnlanl vcda- - lagd OId Slavlc: 1g{1,1n€ - needle- (adJ.)
RugsLan: 1916 ' needle
Flnrdsh dtalcct! wlla- . lcad, pull
p$ Czech: Jchla - u.s.
Cherenlssg - tcad
Hungallsn; vczct, vczfr - leadr OId ?urklsh: Jigni * u.s.
laadcr
Turklshl tfne - rr.e. etc.
MongollAnl udurl r 0o b6 a Leader
Kolbal: uz- - to bc lcd, to lcad
Old Slavic: agoda - berry
Old turklsh: udu-z- - to LGad
cf. l-a.goda = u.s.
Ulghurr ttdu-t- - Ur!.
Czech: Jahoda - u.s.
cf. ud- r follor
ltlddle Turklsh: lgdi - rote Brustbeere
Sunerlan: ui 2t1, 29'l"o Lead, follon, pull
cf' Jlgdi - u.s.
PhonctLcsc Thc lnltlel v- Ls a prothccLa or. lfter thls, lct us aec lhc
ao ofton nrentloncdrold slavlc"rordt
Eestern Turklsh: JlCdc = snall berry
|IongoIl"an: Ieedc - shrub etc.
vo lcYode - atuJr lcadcr
pronouncedl voJrvoda
Thc 01d Slavlc Paletallzatlon
llungarlent veJevode, voJvoda, ete" .-v
R>c
analyzed: vo i0;-t-od-a
Hungartan/{ongollan: +- baJf- |
- to flght/ vcrbal rooi/ Ees-a-ti = conb, dctach
9}g_sregrq:
ProLhcsls$ cf. Greek: YtiLoV - ftax scrape
verbal root cdrr6 -Icardwool
Latin:
vGtbal adJectlve
LatYlan! kasft,t - scratch
Notcr Thla rord, aceordlng to thc abovc ptoofr, ls not ofisravlc'orlgln Church Slavic: kosa _ ptgtatl
but belongs to the agglutLnsilvr languagea ln lta sntlrciy and ln ltc llungarlan: k5c - tow
cLdnant!, repprdlese of hov rnueh tbc Indo-Suropcan ll-ngulst,s obJcctt Mongollan: qaru- * scrape, scratch
Notcl Thc d) J progrcsston 1c al.so: lurklsh: qaz- r seraPe, plane
d)n This word cannot bc sald to bc strictly of Indo-European orlgln
Llterary llongollanl dotura - lnr insldc, on the lntcrlor elther.

Old Slavlc: hQtro - lLvcr 01d Slavlc: na-Er6ta-tl = to wrlte

dt"6ta * sign, stroko
pronounecdi Jgtro
lllddl.c Turklshl Jotra - ln thc mlddlc, lnslde O1d Indi.an: krntatl - he cuts
cf," 91d Slarlcc v€ -nlll t;r4 - ln, I I t Llthuanlan: kerti.r = I cut with the axe
 -11f- ccdkc-Botoe _117_ c s6kc-Botor

ldongollant tter6t - cutr cut ln, carve 01d Slavlc: po-Ei-tl - rest, sleep
Turklsh: kirt- - u.t. SunerLan: ktt 536rL-/t+O = rest, sleep
Flnnlsht klrJa - book 5c. 103b. ,+/fo - rest
4'
Srlrnerlan: lar 40119 - cerve, drar Latlnt qui6a = rest
llotst Thcrr ls of palataLlzatJ-on, xhosc charactcrlotlco can bo
no necd Hungarlan: csend = quJ,et, rest, etc.
traeed ln the agglutlnatlvc Langragea aho, but thc follortng cound changt
ls tnorc probablc: I 01d Slavlc: Etu-tt * to count
")
cf. Ett-"-tg,
Sunerlant sa{-{1r1 Lr2,$ - to rrltc Surncrian: Sftr 314, lrr = to count
Chuvashr {tr- r roer ef. 51d 311+, t5 = to count, recount
t{on6ollan: ffru-fan - LI-nGr seratch cf. kld 3ll+t 1'l = countr recl.tatlon
Y,anchurleng Jur-f, an - lr.nc Let the Slavicists show thelr counter-obJectlons...
cf. nlru- - drar
Hungarlanl {r- - ,rotc 01d Slavlc: Ilovttna - ..rt
cf. slron-rygrarerlcry cf. Russlan: folov6k - u.s.
cf. ccruza r pcncll flnnlsh: ka]cva - etrong, powerful ggg
cf" Chuwashe 6fru6r - rrr.ter AncLent flnntsh: *kaletia - roar
Turklahr yaz-- rrJ.tc, ctc" Sunerian! kalag-ga 322, 19/ 73c = atrong, powerful
Phonetlca: k) U and r) { " nrc parallcl proBrrls ln roni dLaltels cf. kar/a&/ 322,31, n.2, 1J - s6n
ls en acccptablc posslbLltty. Thc rndo-Europtan orlEln lo noi conrlnclng. Notct In the 01d Slavlc language, thc suffl-x: -kr72 ls a noun-sufflx.
Phonetlc and morphologieal derlvatlon:
Old 9lavtcr lr6nrb - black Surnerlan: kalag-a
Sdnsirltl tf?dtt - uolr Anclent finnlsh: xkale{ a
Old Prugslanr klronan - u.go FLnnlsh: kaleva
Ll.thuanlan: kfrfar - black and rhltc palatallzatlon: faleva
In ell bhc Turkteh dlalectsr Russlsn: telov6k
kara(kar- - black rrOld Slavlcrr: Erovtto ... etc.
cf. )(ara r rrlo In this group belong the other Slavic t*ords and the well-known
l4ongollanl qar8 r tlrdo Greek words: kaluger, kaludJer, ctc. - monachus , whieh goes back through
Russlant [iirng{,J ' blaek the Finnlsh language to the Sunerlan languaqe. The Flnrish word also
Phonetics: MongoJ-lan-turkkhr kar-) Russtan: Edr- means: wonder-worker, uragiclan, etc.
 -11rL ccSkc-Botor _1r9_ csSkc_Botor

Thc wrlter of Lhis book beLleyas that lnternatl.onal hlstorlant The lnltlal and Flnal 5-sound of the root.
and llngulsts somowhers left the noad xhlch leadr to the tnrth...
Old Slavlc: (6p-4-ta-tt - whlsper
8); tlt. Mongollan: slb-gt = whlsper
cf. slb-lr - nhlspcr(tng) (noun)
Sunerlant gan* Il1Jrl - bearlng, Pregnant Jakut: slp-Ef = whlsper
cf. 6lnr 55812' tlavc, neld fiirghlz: slu{r = urar
OLd Slavlc: fena - *ornan
Old Prusslan: gennof- u.6. Amporatlvc nood/ 01d SLavlc: Er-tr - to scw
Sanakrltt Jldh . roran Sumerl.an: (Ite 2)3,t5 - lrL2r2 - to tle up, blnd up, tlc
Ulghur: l[?6 . oldcr alstcr-ln-lar Flnnlsh: sl,toa = etltch togcthor, put together
Kazakl ieV gi; - rife of tho oldcr brothcr Llt. Mongollan: s{dc- 'to fasten, scw on
Jekut! sa? as - $lfc of the fethcrra rcLatl,vc Kalmuck: $da - - sew
Teleut: Erai - rr!.
The lnltlal and flnal c-souhd of, the root 0stDent sfJfn - thread, string

Old Slavlcr cfina - pr|ec, rcnard O1d Slavlct tlr-ota - wldth

Lit. Mongollan: Ectte- - to ralue, tax Llt. Mongollan: rar-ba-Jl - to spread oub, spread
l(almuchl tsenl r rrrso l'lanchurian: sar- ba;1un = spread out (paet)

Old Slavlc: CBsar& - klng, cnpcror Thcse connect,long ln p&ronctlc history prove that the languasc whlch
Hungerl.an: cr(asdr - u.c. r -6r - nomcn aeiorl-g ls callcd rtold Slavlc[ Ls not of fndo-Europcan orlgin.,.
cf. dLalact:
"6szfr
llongollanl Jasa-f, - the relgnlng prl.ncc, the htghcrt Judgc
Turklsh: Jaaa-q - prohlbltlon
cf" Jasa - lau
Ul6hur: Jasa- - dcclder choosc
Jakut: faaa-J r ruLcr dlrect, cte.

Old Slavlcl rholc, hcelthy

"tf.t- r
cf. to hcalr r"ecovor
"tf-t-tf
Srnarlanl tll", ll?r 1? - nholcr Lntacti hcalth
cf. r,ILrL26r d - to bo healthy, th thrlvc
cf. kal, J)2, L6 - u.s.
cf. 0othlc: halls - wholc, entlre, healthy
 -I20- csdkc-Botos
-121-
csJkc-Botog

Thc Vowcls
01d Slavlc: ctna = price, wages
A few lrords about thc dlphthongs. The LLt. Mongollanl
hypothetlcal Indo_Europ€an _"1 Eonc- =to value, tax
bocarne -r-- ln .rd slavic. we do
not nced the phonetrc hlstory or tnri a
progresslon because the old lilavlc!
sound
"old slav.c' -r"- sound is rdcntlcal tothe oquivareni
in the agglutlnatlvo languages. .l'{ongollan:
"tdS = r know
ruedc- - to know, decldc
Sumerlan: lel l42r2ho = eyc, to soe 01d Slavic: rt-U - rlver, widc rivcr
dl.alcct: ideg llp1 66c o fLguro, appcarancc liongollan: uru-s - to flow, strean
01d iilavlc. vldt= u.s. Iakutt 6riie = r,rldc rlver etc.
cf. vrdB-tl = to see ...
Lit. l".longo1l-an: blEl - to rrlte OId Slavlc: pt-tf - to slng
Altalc Turklsh: pf6tt = wrltlng, book Osnan! 6-t- = slng : the p-sound <lropped
Chagatei: piEf-6tn - rrtter OId Slsyls. pot-g - I slng I I = a ftI]er
Sulyuan: plfi- - to nrite
OId Slavicl plY -,lA = f nrlte, etc. 01d Slavic: sntgts - snor,r
Tunguslan: sl? l-ksq = frost
Srunerlan: e, J9l, 2fi,a - to go
cf. sl7l-lgen = anovt
01d Slavlc: 1-rt r'.ongolLanl sci r; - s piece of lce
Chagatal: 3a? = thin lcc
Ll.t. Mongollan: elcge-de- * rtchly, overflow Kaza.k: se1 = piece of lce
Hungar!.an: el6g - 6nouU5
Phonetlcg and morphologr: EriBgt ( xstng{a
01d Sl-avlc: Tungusl.an:
llch% = overflordng si71_
cf. Mongollan: ellJede - richly, overflow
Taranchan: Fret _ na4y, very many 01d Slavlc: prt-lBp-t-ti = to stlck
Thc inltial a-sound dlsappeared from osnan! yapI$ = to sttck
the 01d Slav.la wsrd.
Ulghur: yapiur - to adhere, stJ,ck
Supposedly the Inrlo_Europcan al_ anrt _ol_ became
B/E tn 01d Slavlc.
Chuwash: 3ie-69 g u,..
Thls is not necessarlly so becauee:
01d Slavlc: cB1% * wholer healthy The ou-sound ls also e resuLt of the clonqatlon of tho vowcl...
Sunerlan! sll E u.s. O1d Slaylq. pouat% = deserted, emplv
/cI. the exarnples shown on p. 116/ ^P pous-t?,
Old Turkish: buz- = destroy, annlhllate
Uighur: buz- - u.s.
 -L22- cs6ke-Botog
:L23- Cs6ko-Eotog

Kazanl-Tatar: bcz- - spoll Thc origln of the nasal sounds

Chuwash: pf s- s u.s.
cf. pus- - u,s.
SunerLan! pad l+69,6 - to Old Slavic:
destroy Pd\t6 - flve
Sumcrian: bad 69151+ - to open, opcn
OId Slavlc: oucho = car cf. Uu-bad 354rlll+ - open hand
Sorbo-Croatlan: ucho = ursr OsrBn: p5rnXd - thc flve flngers; paw
plural: o5r - earrt cf. pandXuk = hand
01d Turklsh: iiro- - to hear Sert: pandE * fLvc
Sunerlan:
"uY
zrl, ?o o to hcarr percelve, 6tc. Hungorlan : menc9 = Pew ...

01d SlavLc: ot di-tt ' to teach Note: The anclcnt formof thls ilord-fenlly lE thc SumerLan word whlch
Serbo-Croatlanl ull-tt - u.". ncans nopen handl the flve fingers end the palm. Therc are no Indo-!]uropsan
01d Turki.sh: uqlt- = to teach, Bhare, Gtc. characterlstlcs Ln lt ...
In the dlphthong -ou-, the u-eound has an l-sound as an anteccdcnt:
01d Slavic: 611- * preflx Old Slavlc: sllb%- tooth
Sunsriani a1- = u.s. llongolLan: Sobu-f,ar = polnt, polnted
Hungarlan: eI- - u.r. Finnlsh dLalect: haarbaz * tooth ... etc.

01d Sl-avic: ob-ou-ti - to dress Suncrlan: bad 69126 - Gold Sllver

the root: ou- ^c pad2 = u.a.
Hungarl-an: 8r-t ... HungarJ-an: p'ez - rnoncy
p6nz r llrsr
Old Slavlc: oum?a- underEtandlng p5ncz r roar
Hungarlan: cl"nc = understandlng, splrlt, eensc OId Slavlcl ptnn54 = sllver coln, etc.
cf. Hungarlan: alma)6ma ... - spplc
l4ctathesis
llnally, Otd 6lavic: slouga - servant
Serbo-Croatlan: sluga s rre. Old Slavlc: grad6- clty
Hungarian: szolga - u.s. Ancient Sl-avlc: xgord?
old form: sculga = u.a. Llthuanian: gardas = fencc
old form: szuluSe:-ga=sufflx Al-banlan: garth = fence
Suruerian: sulu 12, 129 * ptqittu = lnspection, oupport, conunlsslon, Gothlc : garda= (sheep) pen, (cattle) pound
authorlty, admlnistratlon, place, etc. Sunerlan: gar 597t7 ' enelose, surround, enclogure
cf. kar j26x, I = darn, wal1, ralllng
 -124a- cgdkc-Botoa -r25- cs6kc-Boboo

Hungarlan! earid - fcnce, flll, dtke, ditch Old Slevlc: glagol% - word
LappN: garsin - sheep enclosure cf. glagol-r-ti = say, apeak
Flnnlsh: karsLna - fencc, encJ-ogure cf. Rucsian: 6ologol-1-t?- chet
Llt. Ilongollan: qorlJa - fenced In yard Hungarlen dlalcct: Salegyol, galatyol - talk rlthout substanco
Klrglz: Qora = cattls pen cf. kalatyol, kcletyol
lr'ranchurl-an: f orxo = u.t. et,c.
Chuwssh: kala- = spcak
Note: The Sumerlan-llunga,rlan word forrn - gardd - ls thc arrclont sourcc of L1t. Mongollan: kclc- - to oay, speak
th.'lslavlc"language word foruatlon - gordd, grad, ctc. ulghurt liri'niEr - lnterprctcr
The Hungarlan -garad) Old Slavle: gradlb... In this casc, thcre Turklsh: kcllne - word
vae no necosslty for transposltlon. Thc vowel ln the first sy11abl6 Flnnlsh: klclt - tongu.c, Ianguage
sinrply dlsappeared ... Sunerl"ant 85 l5r5 - spcak,word
cf. ka 1Jr2 - nouth
Old $lavlc: bfBg$ - bank, slopc cf. Akkedian: qtlu - volcc, call
Anelent Slavlc: xberg% /tcchnlcal term/ qCIu * to call, scrcam
Avesta: bafQ uah - mountalnr helght SuncrLan: ge1-84 27813 = order, runour
S€tnskrltt brhant - hlgh cf. Russian: g6los- aound
Serbo-Croatlan: breg - h1ll Oect:
/alas - u.s.
Sunerlan: bar 74t 215 - hlghr to bc ralsed... cf. wLth thesc conncctlons:
Thls word ls of Sunerian orlgln... SunerLan: bur. 71r lld = erl"bur ravcn
cf. buru, - u.s.
4
01d Slavlc: nttko - nllk Rur6ient voron r u. !t .
Anclent Slavl-c: inclko * /technlcal term/
cf. Russl-an: nolokd = dlk Rulel Thc languagc rhlch ls called tt0ld Slavlctt ls nelther Slavlc nor
Whltc-Russlan: nalakd = urer Indo-European but belongs ln the fan11y of agglutlnatl-ve languages nhlch,
Suuerl,an: - rleh nllk Ln phonetic hlstory, becanc a dcterlorated language form.
12ar"3l9,9
dlelecL: 'tmar - u.s.
Llngul-sta crnphaslzc the Indo-Europcan orig{n of thls word but the 01d Slavic: gledZ - hunger
truth says dlfferentlyt Ancl"ent SLavic: * gold% /technlcal- tern/
Sansltrit: gddl-.tt = greed
Llt. Mongollan: furi-fu - hungry, starved
llungarlan: gornJradozlk- droop
 -L26- Cs6kc-Botoe
-I27- cstkc-Botoa

OId Slavlc: vtaO-t-ti * nlte

Hungarlan: 30r - llnc
Llthuanian: valditi 'ur3r
but: ser-cg - reglmont
Srurerlant bala p, 16 * govcrnmcnt, perlod of nd_c, yaer of rlle,
Altelc I sur_
regent
and [or
Phonetl"cs: b) v I a progrossl-on which can be shown 1n tho Indo-Europcan
Hungarlent cscr-da, csor-da, etc. - hcrd
Ianguages is a borror,d.ng fron thc Sumcrlan...
RussLan: Eer-ed, Uerc-da
Old Slavlc: 6"taa
Old Slavlct 6r&a - or{cr, ror, hcrd Thc entire word-farul}y belongs to the agglutlnatlve languagoo.
cf. Russian: dercda r Euccesslon, Ecqucnce The Germant Schar - troop, regJ.ment, is derLvcd from the Suncrian wordt
cf. Sansbrlt - herd Var, whether they llke lt or notl
"("aUf,
Basklrian: slrat * row
Cherenlss: f,crct - llnc
Ruaslan: Ecrcd = u.s.
01d $lavlc: -frt- tr. = devour, suallow
Old Turklsh: 6crgE = row, ouccesslon
rf
-{,Ar-n = I cilallow
I'longollan:
Llt. ltongollan: Jal.ara- - svallow, devour
J."gc = Iine Kalnuck: a61-g1- - u.s.
Chagatal: dX8rgi = u.a.
osman: Jal.*rar : sna.llow
Manchurlan: dEergc 'urer f,lrglz: Ja}-na- u.s. ... otc.
Turkish: sfre - Iinc, etc. Phonrtlcar the final r I ...
In Old S1avlc, the lxo words bccenc onr:
SurncrLan: tar 396, Lg - bc numcrouEr @r\y, plcnty, croud
Suncrlanl ur,271, J8
cf. Ycr L52, 23b * pilc; troop, band
cf. gud-ur3-ra = plough-stccr
01d Turkish: siiriig - hcrd
cf. uru4 5615 - cultlvate, plant
Llt. llongollan: srirrig- hcrd of cattle cf urur, 2551 28 = to harrow the fleLd
Osnan: siirii s rrsr Old Slavlc; ral"o - plough
tlt. ltongollan: Uerlg - army, troop ancLent forn: +ordlo ...
Osrtren: [drl - u.g. Cf. Old Slavic: ratai - ploughman
Hungarl-an: I. sor - 11nc ancient forn: xorlaJ6.i.
2. sercg = reglmcnt
l. csorda, cscrda etc. - hcrd OLd Slavlc: ra-s-tL = grod
Morphology: Sunerian: Y.r
Sumerlan: rur-44lr3 - u.s.
Icr
Baskirlan: slr-at : Olrot : JdrJi = u.s. OId Slavlc: 1% g-a-ti = lle
Turkl-sh: sfr-a : Flnnish : JirJe = rangc, order Llt. Mongollan: alt' u-r = fraudr deeeitful
Kalmuck: al{i-r - u.s.
 128J Csoko-Botos _r29_ cs'dke-Botos

Thc a- and o-sounds 1n Old S1av1c Old Slavlc: ves-lo - oar

the root: ves- ! v-prothesls
919 9ravrc.: popil - pricet Oe[an: as- ! row
Sumerian: pap 6O12 - hlgh prlcst, prlest Chsgetal: a9 - u.6.
Hungarl-an: pap - pricst Eastern Turkleh: s, , ,..
as-KaK ' oar, etc.
01d Slavlc: morlc - aca Old Slavlc: ves -tl = lead
Llt. Mongollan: n<iren- widc rlver af
vcd-c-t'6 - u.s /suplne/
Korean: nur - wetcr ldordvLnlan: vcda- - u.s.
Sumerian: mar 597r38r 267b * flood Flnnlsh dlalcct: vcDa - u.s.
cf. me 5'19,L9 - watcr SumcrLen: uJ 2Ure9 = gulde, 1ead, follow, pull
In this cese once agaLn we eannot epeak of strlctly Indo-Europcan Kolbal: uz- - lead
orlgln... OId Turklsh: uduz - lcad etc.

Old Slavic: oko * eyc Thc Old Slavlc t,/drl-sound

Sumerian: u86 449, 145d - u6 449, 1.h, = lgl. l&9r7 - rac, look, cy. ...
OId Slavic: t'B.a - belief, rcllglon
OId Slavlc: novG a ncvt Osnan: 6rim - hopc, expectaLlon, superstltion, lmaglnation
analyzed: no-v-'lb Chagatal: irfun = u.o.
Sumcrian: nu lJr6 - denlalr no Llt. Mongollan: erLm - hopc
,16 hl+9 1195 - see, look
conbl-ned: 'rnu-u 01d Slavlc: r3'gr 2lJc 2/J ' speak, tark, say
01d Slavlc: no-r-fta not seen - new cf. rek-fi = f say
cf. 01d Slavic: nev6 sta = fiancee cf. rf,dG - speech
analyzcd: ns-v{5a-t"a = not knorm ,..
Equivalent Sumerlan conblnatlons: Sumerlan: {tta 6z13 * ltght, pure, clear
nu-ga 7r,56 - weak Old Sl,avic: evlt-a-tl - to becone 1lght
HungarJ-an: nya-va-Lya = weakness ... sv4rt-t-tl = to J-lghten, etc.
cf. Sunerl"an: nu f!r5 = denialr no
gu2 106, 762/1 - to dress oncself; clothlng Old Slavlc: ctna _ prlco
conbLned: *nu-gu - undressed Lit. I'iongollan: Eeno- - va1ue, tax
Old Slavlc: n4846 g nakcd
cf. Sunerlan: me Ji2, 39/$ * volce, speech, to speak
combl,ned: *nu-mc - does not speak, dumb
Old Slavic: nenrf, - durnb ...
 -13Q: cs6kc-Botor -131- risSkc-Botot

Thc Old Slavl-c l-sound Thc Old SLavlc 4-sound

Old Slavic: N. Sg. F. sl - thls (dtese) OldSlqvlc: Er6tcn4o = red

demonstrative pronoun: s4 Surncrlan: kur-un 6f, Ur/zu+/]'ll:a - red
Flnnlsh: slcllii - there Phonetlcs: k) E palatallzatlon ...

OId $lavic: lska-tl = Iook for Old Slavlc: priovB = flrst

01d Twklsh: tstii- - to look for, rlsh anclent f,orm: +pgvvb
Turklsh: lste- - u.s. 01d Turkish: blr - oner flrst
cf' plr = u.s.
The 01d Slavlc R6-sound Turklsh: blr - u.s.
OId Sl"avlcl blo'lt-|'l * bc, cxlst Chuwash: pDrrparar!u.3.
Mongollan: bti- ! u.s. The 01d SLavlc f-sound
Tungusian: bl- - u.s. ...
The 01d Sl_avlc and evon the SIav languages have no lnltlal
01d Slavlc: ab$t4o - satisfiedr full or flnal f-sound. Thls ls tmc, ln moot cascs, of the aggrutinatlve Jan6uapo;,
Llt. liongollan: Eaa- - bccone satlsfled, aatlsfy o.s. cxccpt for Hungarlan. For exanplc, ln Sl"6ys1, only onc orlgj.nal wortl-fonn
Kalnruck: tsat- - u.s. has en lnitlal f-sound: f6<a - f(Jl (Hung.) ' bl.ow! Thts ts an
ononntopoelc word, borrowcd fron thc Finno-Ugrlc languages ,...
01d Slsvlcl nrbb-lt - to wash Tha Slavlc languagcs, ln thet casc, ere also closely related to the
Cherenlss: mSEt<- - u.a. /-5t- = repetetivo gufflx,/ Hongol-Tungueian languagee.
Zyrian: {r$k- - u.s. In closlng I quote Dr. Tlbor narftn: A Magyar l:dpek 6st6rtdnete I. pr,:l
liordvinian: rnuFkf- - u.s.
Sumerian: ne, 579,1+5 - to dampen, rLnse rrIhe exlstencc of a language and the famlly group to whlch il
belongs l-s deterrined by its gramnar, phonetlcs and its vocaburary.'l
The 01d S1avlc % -sound
r berleve that r have l-n every rcspeet fulflrled the above mentlorrc<l
Old Slavlc: d{6no - ground, floor mle. There ls no nOld Slaylctr languagc. The lrnguaqc whleh ls called
Sumerlan: dun^ 595.8/27 = deen trOld Slavlcr! la a regular agglutlnative
J' language whose phoneblcs, ln Lhe
coulse of phonetlc hl-story, have deteriorated.
Old Slavlc: kv|vb = blood rt ls rny convlctlon that the above-monil.oned proofs are irrefutablc...
Sumcrian: kunrn^ 3O9,h = u.s.
 Csoko-Botor
llPltmuE
The wrltor of thi-s book hae presentcd to the reader thc structural
connectl-ons and the phonetLc hlstory of the language whlch ls callcd
OId S1avlc.
Wc can Btete the followl-ng rules:
1. The language which ls called O1d Slavlc ls an agglutlnative language
ln lts structure.
2. The language whlch ls calrad old slavic has word forratlons slrnlfar to
those of the agglutlnatlve languages, wlth ldcntlcal elenents.
3. The 01d slavLc noun formatlon, together vlth its elements, ls Ldentlcal
to the equlvalent ln the agglutlnative languages.
4. Tho old slavlc noun sufflxos and thelr elements arc not of rndo-European
orlgLn but are identical to the cquLvalent formg ln the a(glutLnatlv. languages.
,. The 01d slavic verbal formatlon ard lts cfements are ldentlcar to the
equlvaLent structure and clements of the egglutlnatlve languages.
6. The 01d slavlc verbal sufflxcs end their ercments ere idcntlcel to
the equlvalent structure and el-ehcnts of the agglutinartlvc languagcs.
7. Seveniy percent of thc vocabulary of the fold Slavl"e" Ianguge lt not
of rndo-European orLgln but ldentlcal to the equlralcnts ln the srmrerlan-
Ural-Altalc languages.
8. The vocabulary of the O1d Slavlc languagc har also fifteen pcrcent of
Indo-0uropean related words.
9. Flve percent of the vocabulary of the O1d Slavlc language can be shown
to have strictly Indo-European eonnectlons.
IO. In the language whtch ls caIled OId Slavle, we can lndicate the
rlgid characteristlcs of phonctlc harmorgr.
11. rn the Ord slavlc languagc, thc gendcr dl"ffcrentl-ation, in the course
of language progresslon, through folk etyrnology, rlth the help of the
denonstratlve pronouns, has a conpound constructlon, bherefore Lt ls not
an orlglnal gender dlfferentiatlon.
-T?J- Csoke-llo to r
12. Tho nanes of the numerale in the language called OId Slavlc are rnt
of Indo-European or5.gln aither; they are not orlginal nunerafs but carr
be shown to origlnatc from equlvalent forms ln the agglrrtlnatlvo larrgrvr1l"r.
13. The Old Slavlc: g]ovbn6sk|o
analyzed: slov-tn-6 sk?
ard slovtnc
analyzcd: slovJUn-e
ncanlng: Slavl-c and Slav. Thls shows that llngulsts falslfied thls mearr.lrrg
Just ln order tolronsurerrhlstorlcally the name flslav't. Thcso worrj fornrs
ln ectuallty are the OId Slavlc noun : slovo ( slov-o = word . wlth the
addcd sufflx varlatlons!l I
Lot us analyze the norphology of the word:
Old Slavicl el"ov-o = word
edJ. 1. slov-Bn-{sk'A * ln agreement 'rlth Lhe word
2. sfovj$n-e = ln agrcement wlth the wortis
Thercfore lt docs not mean ItSlavlc,l
These wcrrds havc no connccf,Lons wlth the nane of the peoplo - lilav-
but they are varl-antg of the norrl : slovo wtth adjectlve srrfflxes...
Wtth the spreadlng of Chrlstlanity, the rrslavlc apostlestt, Cvrll nnrt
Method, oxplalned the Blble ln the language of the people, therefore,
naccordLng to the wordtt: slortbnZsk%, and not ln Latin...
Thls ls the truth, llke tt or not...
IS conclusJ-on ls:
The knorm lrrltten language form of the language whlch iC calfecl
ItOld Slavlcr'ls the product of the language of the Hungarlan trlbes,
Kadosa and Zodrd. Thcsc trlbes cane fron the couthern part of tho
Caucasus to Joln irpadrs lbgyars and then they separated from them anrl
settled ln the Balkan penlnsula, from the clty of DureJ Lo Salonlca...
I quote Badlny: fatae{t6f Istergarnlg, p, lJ:
rr The history of rnanklnd, recorrled ut_r to presenl tlme, to a gr.nr,
cxtent, lacks real data. This hlstory was not wrltten accordlng Lo ilrr flrrrllrrpr
of archeology, anthropologr and llngulstics but according to a liactor whleh
we cannot call sclentlflc -- power -- whlch sclentific lnterpretatlon alwrvrr
publlclsetl in ils own interests..rl
 Csoke-Botoa _735- Csdke-Bot,' rrr

tule: The language whlch ls called O1d slavlc ls aldeterlorated'forn of the Blbliography
Hungarian language Just as Prench is of Latln or Engllsh of Gcnaan. Th{s
ls the truth and nothlns else... Slavlc:

H.H. BieLfel-dt, Altslawlsche Granrnatik, Nloneyer Publlshing to, *,rt," lr)61.

Dr. H. Brluer, S1-awlsche Sprachwlssenschaft I.II.III. W. de Cruyter tCo.
Ber).in, 1961.
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V.S. faraalt6, Srpskl ReEntk. Prosvcta, Belgrad. 1966.
Stelczer, ir$<t, Cseh-Magyar Szlotir. (Dlctlonary) Budapeet. 1!6/
Paultny-Ru*ftka-Slolc, Slovensk( gramatika. SPN. Bratislava. 1968
Chrenkov{-Tank5, Magyar-sz1ovik,/ selovSt<-magyar ez5tdr(dictlonary) SiN. Jt".
1973
Ural-Altalc:

ll
Budena Jdzsef, Az ugor rlyelvek <isszehasonlft6 afaktana. lifA. 8p.188!.
Szlnrlyel J6zsef, Magyar nyelvbsszehasonlftds, H.V. Budapest. I92O
Lak5 Gy6rgy, A magyar sz6k6szlet fLnnugor elenel. I.II.AK. Budapest. IgZl
/
KnLczea Istv/n, A magyar qyelv sz1lav Jdvev6nyszaval.I.II. AK.
udaPesL' 19'/lr'
' .
Radanovlcs K5ro1y, Eszakl-osztJ6k rqyelvtan. AK. Budapest. 1961.
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f{fm{n e5fa, Manysi nyelvkbnyv. TK. Budapest. I!J!.
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N. Poppe, Gramnar of wrltten I'longollan. 0H. lliesbaden. 1964.
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SUS. llelslnkl. 1952.
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 CsSke-Botoa

l'Iarttl R6s'inen, versuch ernes otyrnologlschen w6rtcrbuches

dcr Tiirksprachen.
SUS. Hclslnki. 1969.
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Anclent, Near-Bast:
ArnoPoebel r <ler sumerigchen Gramnatlk.EV. Rostock. 1923.
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"Grundziige Lexlkon.I.II.III.IV.V. Romo. 1934.
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Ealdc-Pokorny, Vergleichendes l'rdrterbuch der
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W.de
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