— i L . BS 1377 : Part 4: 1990 UDC 624.131.3 : 621.4 : (620.1 624.198) © seis Standart nrston No pac of this publication my be phoroconind at omervieseprind wiht the pl pemisonn wing of B51 British Standard Methods of test for Soils for civil engineering purposes Part 4. Compaction-related tests ee eeeeeeeSeSSSSSFSeF Methodes d’essai des sols pour le génie civil Partie 4. Essais de compactage Bodenuntersuchung fiir Tiefbauzwecke Teil 4. Priifung der Verdichtung British Standards InstitutionContents Page Foreword lnside front cover Committees responsibia Back cover Methods 1 Scope Definitions Determination of dry denshiyimoisture content felationshia 2 3.1 Generat 2 2.2. Preparetion of samples for compection tests 2 23 Method using 2.5 kg rammer for soils with Particles up 10 medium-gravel size 5 24 Method sing 25 kgrammer for solswith some ‘coarse gravesite particles 7 2.8. Methog using 4. kg rammer for soit with poticles up to mediam-gravel size 7 2.6 Mothodusing 45 kg rammerforsolswithsome coarse gravel sie particies 8 37 Method using vibrating hammer 8 Determination of maximen and minimum dry ensitie for granular sols n 41 General 4 42, Determination of maximum density of sands n 43 Movienum density of gravelly soils 13 44 Minimum density of sands ia 43. Minimum density of gravely soils 5 48 Derivation of density index 5 8 Determinstion of the moisture condition value inicvi 16 52 Generat 6 $2 Appacatus 6 5.3. Checking the moisture condition epparetus ” 5.4. Determination of the MCV of a sample of sol at fits natural reoiewre content v 55 Determination of the MCVimojatute content felation ofa soil 18 5.8 Rapid assessment ol whether or not soils ronger than a precalibrated standard 18 & Determination ofthe chalk crushing valve 19 6.1 General 19 82 Apparatus 19 8.3. Checking the moisture condition apparatus 8 64 Determination of ine ehelkerushing value (CCV) 19 7 Determination ofthe Californie Besting Ratio (cea) 2 2.4 General 20 7.2 Preparation of test sarmple 20 73 Soaking 23 7.4 Penetration test procedure 2 75 Calculation and plotting 25 7.6 Testreport 26 GS 1377 : Pare 4: 1990 Page Appendix ‘A Typical test data and calculation forms a Tables . 1 Summary of compaction proceduces 2 2 Summary of sample preparation methods 3 3. Standard toree-geneteation relationships for 100 % CBR Fy Figures 1. Groding lieits relating 10 sample preparation procedures for compaction tests c 2 Flow chart representing semple preparation « ‘methods for compaction tests 2 3 Mould ior compaction test [1 L mould) 4 2.5kg rammer for compaction test 29 5 4.5kg commer for compaction test 30 8 Deydansityimofsuire content velationship curve 31 7 Tamperstor vibrating hammer compaction test 32, 8 MMisture condition apparatus 3 8 Relationship between change in penetvation and ‘number of blows 34 10 Aiternative type of relationship between change in penewation and number of blows 4 11 Flow chart representing sample preporation ‘methods for the CBR tes: 38 12. Cylindrical mouid for the determination of the California Bearing Ratio 35 13, Plug and cellar extension for use with cylindrical ‘mould for the determination of the California Bearing Ratio 38 14 Apparatus for measuring the swelling of @ sample during soaking for the CBR test a 19. General arrangement of apparatus for the CBR, fest 38 1S Typical CBR test eesuit curves 39 17 Fotce-penetration curves for a CBR value of 100 % and other CBR valu 49BS 1377: Part 4: 1990 r t Foreword This Partot BS 1277 hasbeen prepared under the direction of ie Road Engineering Standards Poiicy Commitee, is arevisionot clause 4 of BS 1377 : 1975 which is superseded by amendment, BS 1377 was first published in 1948 and tirst appearedin metric form in 1975.85 1377 : 1975is now being revised in nine separate Pans, the complete revision eventually comprising the following Pars. Part 1, General requirements and semple preparation Pan 2, Classilication resis Par'3. Chemical and elecirb-chemical tests Pana, Compaction-releted resis Pan. Compressibilty, permeability and durability tests Pan. Consolidation and permeability tests in hydraulic, cells and with pore pressure measurement Pan?. Shear strangih tesis total stress) Pert8, Shear strength tests (effective stress) Por 8, In-situ tests Raterence should be made to Pan 4 of BS 1377 for further information about each of the Pers, ‘The following methods of test, adcitional to those described in the 1975 standard, have been introduced, eteemination of the maximum and minimum densi of granuiar soils, eterrmination of the moisture consition value, Determination of the chatk erushing vatue. Inthe ary densityimoisture relationship tests, and the Calitornia Beacing Ratio (CBR} test, sample preparation procedures have been set ovtin more detail an before, with explanatory flow diagrams, whas bean assumed in the dratting ofthis British Standaré ‘thatthe execution ofits provisions is entrusted to appropriataly qualified and experienced personnel, for whose guidance it has been prepared, Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from tegal obligationsBS 1377 ; Part4 ; 1990 Methods 1 Scope This Part of BS 1377 deseribas mathads of test for ssetarmining charactoristies related to the compaction af soils, which can be used as a basis for specitying requirements fr soils ormpacted inthe fel Tris Part also includes a method far assessing an emplticat steength criterion (the CBR value} of a compacted or undisturbed soil used as a sub-grade material for pavement construction. Reference is made to some of the classification tests, described in 8$ 1377: Pen 2 Reference is made to BS 1277 : Part t for general requirernents that are relevant to ail Parts of this standard, a4 for methods of preliminary preparation of soil for testing. {, g.Thotiias athe publications referred ton this standard are sted ths insie back cover. 2 Definitions * Forthe purposes ofthis Part! BS 1377,the definitions given in BS 1377 : Part spply. 3 Determination of dry density/moisture content relationship 3.1 General 3.11 Principle. Compaction of soils the process by which the solid panticies are packed mere closely together, vsvelly by mechanical means, thereby increasing the dry density of the soil. The dry density which can be achieved depends on the degree of compaction applied andonthe amount of water presenti the soil. (The terms used in compaction tests are (‘tated in figure 6.) For a given degree of compaction of a wen cohesive soi there is an optimum moisture content at which the éry density obtained reaches a maximum value. For eohesionless soits an optimum moisture content might be ¢itficult to define. NOTE. For some highty aarmesbie soil such as eleen gravels, uniformly raced aaccoarsectean sans the esullso!theioBoretory campaction est may provide only » poor guide fr specifications on field compaction. The laboratory text might indicate meaningless values of moisture content in these tree-caining magteriais and the Taximum dey censity is ahaa lower than the stte el compaction ‘anies ean be ready obtained Inthe els. Forthase solar ol the ‘arimuir dry denshy tats deserbed in clause 4 would be move Sopropriate ‘The objective of the tests decribed in this clause Is 10 obtain relationships between compacted dry density and soil moisture content, using two magnitudes of manual compactive etfort, or compaction by vibration. 3.1.2 Types of test, Three types of compaction test are described, each with procedural variations related to the nature of the soil. The first’s the fight manual compaction test Sa which a 2.5'kg rammer is used. The second is the heavy ‘manual compaction test which is similae but gives a much ‘areater degree of compaction by using 98.5 kg rammer with ‘rqveater drop on thinner layers of soil. + For both these tests a compaction mould of 1 L internal volume ig used {or 01! in which all panicles pass a 20 mm test sieve. I there isa limited amovat of particles up to 37.5 mm size, equivalent tesis ate casried aut in the targer California Bearing Ratio (C8R} mou [NOTE 1. Specifications fz compaction by fame ip ihe CB mould “re besedonine samecomaacitve even per nivolume ll asi0 the ! Leompaction movie. The vavable effete ol sce wal fiction sight esutindtferonces between the ceasitigs chiavedin he wo ‘moulds. For 2 series of esis on paRicular soll ane sire st mula Should be used consistently NOTE 2, !fmore than 20% of atrial ie retained on 2 20mm rest sieve the material i too cnarse fa be tested ‘The third type of test makes use of a vibraliig hammer, and is intended mainly for gronular sells passing 2.37.8 mm test sieve, witl: ne more than 30 % retained on a 20 mm test sieve.The soit is compacted into @ CBR mould For each type of test, sliernative procedures depend en whether oF not the soil contains particles susceptible 10 crushing during compaction. Mazhads of sampie preparation covering most possible requirements are described in 3.2. Test procedures are described eaparately in 33 102.7. ‘The compaction procedures are summarized in table 1. ‘Table 1, Summary of compection procedures “ascot | Seilpanitier fainmer | eusvepubie toerusning tg 25 ' bo (a) at 45 i 2 y dyes «ey aL 3542 a5 d saat 25 7 Yq (el cer 644 45 ) a4az a 7 yes (by cer 36.42 a5 1 BTEt Tibraung] no tat hammer! can 3.7.52 ves (0) TL 11 compaction mould, as describedin 33.2.1. CBR = CAR mould, as described in 7.22.2. {al and {b) refer to martiods in table 2 3.2 Pre 1 of samples for compaction tests 3.2.1 Generat, The method of preparation of samples for these tests. and the quantity of soil required, desend on the: size of the largest particlas presant end on whatheror natihe soil particles are susceptible 1a exushing during compaction, The assessment of these factors is covered in 3.22. For soils containing particles not susceatibie te crushing, one sample only (s equired for vest and it can be used several timas after progressively increasing the amount of water,i Relevant sample preparation methods are described in 3.2.4 and 3.25 Forsoils containing particiesinat are sueceptibte to ccushing, is necessary 10 prepare separate batclies of sol atcitferent moisture contents. each for compacting once only, otherwise the characteristics of the material will progressively change after each application of compaction, Consequently, a much, larger sampte is required. Relevant sample proparstion methoos are described in 3.2.6 and 3.2.7, For sti, cohesive soils which noes to be shredded or chopped into small lumps, the regult of a compaction test nds on the size ofthe resulting pieces. Furthermore, the Sensities obtained in the resi will ot necessarity be ditvetly ‘elated t9 densities obtained in situ. The method used for breaking down cohesive soi, and the size of pieces abiained, shovid be recorded. Suggested methods are to shied ihe soil 50 that iteould pess through a 5 ram test sieve, er to chop it into pizess, ¢.9. 0 pass.020 mm test sieve, The reauirements of Pact | ofthis standard, where ‘appropriate, shalt enpty to this test method. 3.2.2 Preliminary assessment, The intial soil sample for testing shali be obtained in accordance with the procedure described in 7.6.1 to 763 of 85 1377 : Par 4: 1980. The Procedures to be used for ssmple preparation end for carrying out the compaction test shall be selecied on the basis of the following assessment {2} Ascortain whether the soil particles are susceptible to rushing during compaction, Itin doubt assume inat they are susceptite NOTE. The sol should be considered susceptible o crushing uring compaction ithe samole contains granular meleral ot 3 soft nature. 9. sof finesione, sandstone, ele, mich wouls be ‘educedinsiee by ine acienaline 25 hg rammer, The prorecue eseribesin3.3.42,3442, 55.42, ane-2642 for soi ‘suscept bie ta crushing during comaaction shouldbe applied to aN soils te practicable to oe so ‘Toble 2. Summary of sample preparation methods: 8S 1377 ; Part 4: 1990 {0} Determine rhe spproximate percentages to an accuracy of = § %) by mass of particles in tha soil sample Passing the 20 mm end37.5 mmtest sieves. Ifthe material uses for this assessment is to be used for the compaction testitshallnot be dried, andthe dry mass of sol finer than 29 mm may be deter minec by measuring the moisture content using a representative portion. If enough soils available to meetthe requirements of clause 9018S 1377 Par 2: 18904 sepacaio semple may be used for this, sieving operation, (¢} Onthe basis of thase percentages the soil ean ba assigned to one of the grading zones (1) to(5} in table 2. which are ziso shown diagrammatically in igure 1. Ha ‘Grading curve passes through mere than one zane the highest-aumbeced zone applies. A soit with a grading curve passing through zone X is not svitable for these. rests {a} The method of sample preparation, the minimum ‘mass of toil required, and thetype of mould 0 use for the ‘compaction test are indicated in table 2, which tokes ‘account of the above factors. {e} The selection of methods is aiso shown in the form of stlow chactin figure 2 3.2.3 Apparatus 3.2.3.1 Test sieves. with aperture sizes 63 mm, 37.5 mm, 20 men, with receiv 3.2.3.2 A balance ccadableto 5 ¢. 32.3.3 Abbalancs readable to 1 9 3.2.3.4 Acoriosion-resistant metal arplastics tray with sides, €.9. about 80 mm deep, of & size suitable for the quantity of ‘material to be used Ginaing| Rinimuen Minimummess | Typect zone ofprepared mould soileequired — | ted Te WW 1 ke| te roe{is fae jf 9s |r | 3242) 3262)) [90 [ro 325s; aaziyy 1 [70 | 95 |aasz}a2r2!) ts} 40 | con , wr} 70 | 20 | 3253 a275|) OG [Tess [tess than | than (Tests not applicable) 7 | 30 1 L= onesie compaction mould CBA = CAR mould, (31 Soit paricles not suseuptibie to crushing during compaction. 10) Soil particles suscep@ble to crushing during compaction.5 137 : Part 4: 1990 32.35 Alerge metal scoop. 32.36 A palette knife or spatula. 32.3.7 Watertight containers, 2.9, strong polythene bags, 3.2.3.8 Appsretus for determination of moisture content as, described in 3.2 af BS 1377 : Part? : 1990. 3.2.3.9 An implement for shredding stiff, cohesive soil 2.24 Preparation of soils nor susceptibie 10 crushing for compaction in VL mould. 3.24.1 Grading zone (1} for soils psssing the 20 mm fest 3.2.4.1.1 Prepare and subeivide the initial sample by the (dures described in 7.8 of BS 1377 ; Part 11 1890t0 prouuce a representative sample of about 6 kg of the sot. 3.24.12 Add a suitebte amount of water depending on the soil type aad mix thoroughly. NOTE 1. The amount of water be mixed with soil atthe ‘commencement ofthe test wil vary with ihe type of cil under test Ingeneral.wit sandy andgravelly eile amoisturecontent cl ¢% 0 6 Se woul be eutable while with cohesive ots 2 moisture content fpouté %t0 10 % below the piotislimiatthesall would ually be soiable [OTE 2. hisimportant chat the water is mixes thoroughly and deguarely with tha gol since inadequste mixing gives (i801 Svable est esuits, This is parteuledy important with cohesive soils hen adeing 2 substantiel quenay af water. Wem clays of high lastly, orwvhere hand mixing isused,storageatthe mixedsarnpte Ina sealed container fora minimum periadol 22h etoreeantin sates chenon atstear wn of Sb te wae Unitormiy 3.2.6.1. Ifthe soil intially contzins too mnuch water allow it 10 partially ar dry othe lowest moisture content at which the soils to be compacted, and mix thoroughly, 3.2.4.14 Ifthe soil is cohesive, seal in an aintight contsiner (tore for at least 24h. 3.2.4.2, Grading zone (2) for soils passing the 37.5 mm test sieve with at least 85 % passing the 20 mm test sieve 3.242.1 Weigh 100.1 % by mass the whole sample end record the mass. 2.242.2 Ramove and weigh to 0.1 % by mass the mater tained on the 20 mo test sieve, NOTE, The removs! of small amounts of etane (up 105 %1. 107320 mmntestsiewe'sinely to atect the density obcaingpie only by ‘Smountecomnpavable withthe experimental ercor involved in aeasuting ine maximum dry density 3.2.4.2.3 Subdivide the finer material and procead #5 dateribedin3.24.1, Alternatively, the whole sample can be used as described ia3.25.1 tor compaction in 9 CBA mould. 3.2.8 Preparation of soits not susceptible 10 crushing for ‘compaction in CBR mould 32.5.1 Greding zone 3) for soils passing the 37.5 mm fest Sieve with 70 % t095 % passing the 20 mm cast sieve Prapare and subdivide the initial sample using the proceduee described in 7.6 of BS 1377 : Part 1: 1990 te produce a ‘cepresentetive sample of about 16 kg ofthe soit, omnenwise proceed as described in 3.2.6.1 3.25.2 Grading zone {a} for soils containing at east 98 % passing the 37.5 rom test sieve and at least 70°% passing the 20mm tast sieve 2.2.5.2.1 Weigh the whole sample and record the mass. 3252.2 Remove and weigh the material retained on the 37.5 mm test sieve. NOTE. Tae exclusion of helarge proportion ot panices eoarsersnan 20 eam Inem this type of sil ebule have alarge efector tne densiy Dotnmed inthe cornpaction mouidcempared vith that obtainadl? Stan the gall 2s a whole, endthe opuimucn mottute content woute io be atieced, The lager CBR moukS i thevelors spaced for This typeof material 3.25.2.3 Subdivide the finer material to praduce 9 25 kg sample, otherwise proceed as described in 3.2.4.1. 32:8. Grading zone (5}f0r soils with 90 % to 95 % passing the 37.5 mm test sieve, and atleast 70 % passing the 20 ora test sieve 3.2.5.2.1 Weigh the soil ample, 2.28.3.2 Remove and weigh ihe material retained on the 375 mam test sieve. 3.2.5.3.3 Replace this material by the seme quantity of ‘materiel of simitar characteristics which passes the 37.5 mm test sieve and is reteined on the 20 eran test sieve. NOTE. The subuisston cllargeparietes by smaller siitac panicles Fa generaly considerecto give dry dasities im the labo ‘atory Cost (Alen compere reasonatly wellwih hose abusined in the hele ‘Ahematively the Coarse: mater cam be ceenovad for Ine test 208 fgiretion apoied te the maximus ry density bases oh the Graplocement of he col max by ones cl known particle density 3.2.5.3.4 Subsivide the materiale produce 9 sampie of ‘aperoximately 18 tg ofthe soll, otherwise proceed as, described in 32.4.1 3.2.8 Preparation of soils susceptible fo crushing for ‘compaction in 1 L mould 3.2.6.1. Grading zone (1) Jor soils passing the 20 mm test 3.2.6.1.1 Subdivide thetnitial sample to produce five or more ‘representative samples, each of about 2.5 kg. using the procedure described in 7.6 of BS 1377 : Part 1: 1990. 32.6.1.2 Mix each sample thoroughly with a different ‘amount of water ta givea suitable range of moisture contents {eee notes 1 and 2(03.2.4.1.2). The range of moisture ‘contents shall be such that at least :wo values lie either side (of the optimum at which the maximum dry density occurs NOTE, The water added to each sample shovld be such that a oage bf moisture contents i oblaned wien includes ihe optim maisture content In general iecramants af 1% 102 % ae Suitanle {br sendy and gravelly eave nd of 0.4% for cohesive so: TO incrense tne aseursy af he text might be deswablo to prepere Samples with senaller increments of water wthe ein ot the ‘prmnam meiture comer,3.2.6.1.3 Ifthe soil initially contains more water than is required fer the compaction atthe lower moisture contents, allow these samples to partially ary to the desired moisture ‘contents, and mix thorcughiy. 3.2.6.1.4 lithe sollis cohesive seateach samplein an airtight ‘comtainer and store far at least 28h. 3.262 Grading zone (2} for soils passing tho 37.5 mm test ‘Sieve with at least 98 % passing the 20 mm test sieve 3.2.62.1 Weigh the whole sample and record the mass, 3.26.22 Remove and discerd the material retained on the. 20 mm test sievi%see note to 3.2.4.2.2) 3.2.6.23 Subsivide the finer mater described in 3.2.6.1. Alternatively, the whole seriple can be used es described in 3.2.7.1 for compaction in a CBR mould. | and procged as proces 327 Preparation of solls susceptible ta erushing for compaction in CEA mould 3.2.7.4 Grading zone (3) for soil passing the 37.5 mm test sieve with 70 % 10 $5 % passing the 20 mm test sieve Subaivide the initial seenple to produes five or more representative sarsples each of approximately 6 kg using the Procedure describes in7.6 of 8S 1377 : Part 1 : 1990, ‘othecwise proceed as described in 3.2.6.1 3.2.7.2 Grading zone (4) for soils containing at east 95% passing the 37.5 ram test sieve and at least 70 % passing the 20mm test sieve 3.2.7.2.1 Weigh the whole sample and record the mass. 32.7.22 Remove and weigh the material reteined on the 37.5 mm vest sieve {see note 10 3.2.6.2.2). 3.2.7.2. Subdivide the finer materia, and proceed 3s doscribed in 2.2.7.1 32.7.3 Grading zone (5} for soils containing 90 % (0 95 % passing the 37.5 mm test siave, and at legst70 % passing the 20mm tost siave 34 7.3.1 Weigh the soil sample. 32.7.3.2 Remove and weigh the material reteined on the 32.5 mmrest sieve, 3.2.7.3 Replace tnis material by the same quantity of material of simi ies which passes the 37.5 mm {est sieve and is retzined on the 20 mm test sieve. [See note 1032.5.3.3, 3.2.3.4 Subdivide the material o produce five or more 6 ka ‘samples ofthe soil, otherwise proceed.as described in 3.2.6.1, 3.3 Method using 2.5 kg rammer for sails with partictes up to medium-gravel size 3.3.1. Generat. This test covers the determination of the ory density of sil passing a 20mm test sieve when itis compacted in a specified mannar over a range of moisture contents. The range includes the optimum moisture content BS 1377 : Part 4 : 1990 ‘at which the maximum dry density for this degree of compaction is obtained. In this tost @ 2.5 kg rammer falling through a height of 300 men is used 10 compact the scl in three layers into a1 Leompaction mavld. ‘The requirements of Part 1 of this standard, where eppropriate, shall apply to this test method. 3.32 Appsratus 3321 Acplindrical, corrosion resistent metaimouldi.e. he compaction mould, having @ nominal inteznal volume of TL ‘The mould shall be fitted with a datachable basepiate and 3 removable extension, The essential dimensions ate shown in figure 3 which also indicates one suitsble design of mould ‘Theintemnel faces shat be smooth, clean and dry before esen 33.22 A metal rammer having a 80 + 0.5 mm diameter Circular face, and weighing 2.5 kg + 25.g. The remmer shal) ‘be equipped with a suitcbie arrangement for contealiing tne height of drop 0 300 + 3 mr. One suitable form of hang apparatus is shown in figure 4, NOTE. Amotorzedtormotthe apperstus may be used providedina ‘the essentiel dimensions of therammer end mould ore aghered Io, Ad provided nat the density achieved iswithin = 2 eof te density Behieved by using the hanc rammver The mach ne spould oe Hey ‘Sepporat.on e heavy sald base such es a concrete lear o* pith 9323 Abalance readable 10 16. 33.2.4 A palette koite or spatula 3.3.28 A straightedge, e.g. steel stip about 300 mm long, 25 mmwide, end 3 mm thick, with one bovelled edge. 3.3.26 Test sieves, of aperture sizes 37.5 mm and 20 mm anda receiver, 3.32.7 Acorrosion-sesistant metal or plastics tray with cides e.g. bout 80 mm deep, ofa size suitable for the quantity of material 10 be used 3.3.2.8 Apparatus for moisture content determination, as described in 3.2 of 85 1377 : Part? : 1990, 3.3.2.9 Apparatus lar extracting specimens from the mould (optional, 3.3.3 Preparation of sample Prepare the test sampte as described in 3.2.4.1, 3.2.6.2, 32.6.1 oF 3.2.6.2 a8 appropriate 3.34 Procedure 3.3.4.1 Compaction procedure for sail particies not susceptible to crushing 3.3.6.1.4 Weigh the mould with beseplate attached 104 gland. Measure the internal dimensions to 0.1 mm. 33.4.1.2 Anich the extension to the mould and piace the ‘mould assembly on a solid base. ¢.9. a concrete floor of plinth, 3.3.4.1.3 Place a quantity of moist soilinthe mould such that whan compacted it occupies a little aver one-third ol the height of the mould body.BS 1377 : Part 4 : 1990 3.3.4.144 Apply 27 blows from the rammer dropped trom a height of 300 mm sbove the soil as controlled by the guide tube. Distribute the blows unilormiy over the surface and ensure that the rammer always falls freely and is not ‘obstructed by soil inthe guide tube. 33415 Repeat $3.4.1.3 and 33.4.1.41wice more, so thet the amount of soilused is sufficient to fill the mould body, with the surface aot moreihan 6 mm prowdof the upper edge ‘of the mould body. NOTE, tis necessary to contr! the total volume.f sll compacted, Since ithas been found thet ithe amount Os struck of aner Temoving ineextension Istoo grat, thetest results wil be inaccurate 3.3.4.1.6 Removethe extension, strike offthe excess soitand levelo#{the surtace oftme compacted soil carefully tothetop, ¢@ mould using the strsightedge. Replace any coarse enicles, removed inthe levelling process, by finer matarial from the sample, well prossed in, 33.4.1.7 Weigh he soil and mould with baseplateto1 gm 2.3.4.1.8 Remove the compacted soil from the moulé and place it on the metal ray. Toke representative sernple ofthe ‘oil for determination of its moisture content as describes in 3.2 of BS 1377 ; Part 2: 1990. 3.34.18 Breakup the remainder of the soil, reb it through, the 20 mm test sieve and mix with the remainder of the prepared test sampie. 2.34,1.10 Add 2 suitable thoroughly into the soil NOTE, The water added tor es¢h stage oftheiest shouldbe suchhat range of morsturecantentsis obtained which ineludee the optimum frasture content, In genera, ineramants of 1 eto 2 fare cutabie {ar eondy and gravelly sits and el 2 % t0.4 % for cohesive sols, Toineraase the seeuracy ihe asttisoften visable to reduce he Inctements af water nthe region of the optienum moisture eonten fC CANAT Repest3.3.4.1.3 0 33.4.1.10 to give a total of at \ cast five determinations, The moisture contents shall be ‘such that the optimum maisture content, at whieh the maximum dry density occurs, lies near the middle of the range. increment of water and mix 3.3.4.2 Compection procedure for soll particles susceptible to crushing 3.3.4.2.1 Weigh, measure and prepare the mould 2s. Sescribed in 3.3.4.4.1 and 3.3.4.1.2. 3.3.4.2.2 Carry cutacompaction test on each of the prepared samples a described in 3.3.4.1.3 10 3.3.4.1 3.3.42.3 Discard ihe remainder of each compacted sample 4.3 Calculations, ploting and expression of results (see orm 4.A of appendix Al 2.35.1 Coleulate the: mould. ternal votume, V(in cen?) of he 33.82 Caleulate the butk density, pfin Malm), of each ‘compacted specimen from the equation p= MD where my. isthe mass of moule and besepiate fn g): ing is the mass of mould, baseplate and compacted soil {in 3.35.3 Calculate the dry density, pe fia Malem) of each ‘compacted specimen from the equation 109, - mm Tew where Wis the moisture content of the sol fla % 3.35.4 Plot the dry densitius obtained trom aseries of determinations as ordinates against the corresponding moisture contents as abscissae, Drawe curve of best itto che plotted pajnts and identity the position of the maximum on this curves Read off the values of dry density and moisture content, t three signitant figures, correspondingto thet point. (See figure 6.) NOTE. The maximufs may Ke bewean two observed points but when Braweng the eur, care should by (akan aot Lo exaggerate its peck 3.355 Onthesame greoh, plotthe curves corresponding to 10%. 5 % and 10 % air voids, calculated from the equation aw ~ 1 T00 oe Tw B 100A. whore be is the dry density tin Mgin?t: fu is the particle density in Mien'h: bu isthe density of water (in Mgim, assumed equal 191: Vy is the volume of air voids in the scil, expressed as a percentage ofthe otal volume of tha sail (equatto0 %, 5 %, 10% for the purpose of this plot: w is the moisture content (in %) (See figure.) 3.3.6 Testreport. etest conort shal afirm thatthe test was carried out in accordance with this Part of this standard and ‘shat! contain the following information: {2} the method of test used: (b) the somple preparation procedure, and whether & single sample or seperate samples were used. nthe case of stiff cohesive soil the size of pieces to which the soit ‘was broken down shalt be stated; {c} the experimental points and the smoath curve drawn through them showing the relationship between moisture content snd dry density: {d) the dry density corresponding to the maximum dry density on the moisture contenvidry density curve, toported as the maximum dry density to the nearest 0.01 fin Mafon?l; (e} the percentage moisture content corresponding tothe ‘maximura dry density on the moisture contentdry density curve reported as he aptimurn moisture content 10 two significant figures;| (9 the amount of stone retained on the 20 mm and 37.5 mm test sieves reported 10 the naarest 1 % by dey {g) the particle dunsity and whether measured {and its the metiod used) or assumed: (8) the information required by 9.1 of BS 1377 : Pat 1 1999, 3.4 Method using 2.5 kg rammer for sails with some coarse gravel-size particles 3.4.1 Genero}, This test covers ne determination of the dry density of soil containing some coarse gravel when itis compacted in a specified marines aver a range of moisture contents. The range includes the optimum moisture content ‘atwhich the maximum dry density for this degree of compaction is obtained. In this test a 2.5 kg rammer lating through a height of 300 mm is used to compact the soil in three layers into a CBR mould, ‘The testis suitable for coils containing no more then 30 % by ‘mass of material retained onthe 20 mratest sieve, which may include seme particles retained on the 37.5 mm test sieve. NOTE, This method may azo be uses for finer soil which would ormatly be compaciad in ihe TL movie when tis reauireso perform a CaR test (cee 7A} on the compacted sil each moisture ‘The requirements of Part 1 of this standard, where ‘appropriate, shall apply to this test method 34.2 Apparows 3.4.2.1 A cylindrical, corrosion-resistant, metal mould, i. the CBR mould, witha detachable baseplate and aremovatile extension as described in 7.2.22, 34.22 A hand or motorized, metat rammer having @$0 mm diameter ciccular face, and weighing 2.6 kg, as descrived in 3.3.22. 34.23 A balance readable to 59. 34.24 Alorge scoop. 3.4.28 Other items.as specitied in 3.3.2.410 3.3.2.9, 3.4.3 Preparation of sample. Prepare the test sample 98, Sescrived in 32.5.1,3.2.5.2,3.253,32.7,1,3.272 013273 8 appropriate. . 2.4.4 Procedure 3.4.4.1 Compaction procedure for soit particles not susceptible 10 crushing 3.4.6.1.4 Weigh the CBR mould with baseplat Salm). Measure the internat dimensions 100.8 mm, attached, to 3.4.4.1.2 Attach the extension to the mould and place tho mould assembly on a solid base, 2.9. a concrete floor or pia, 3.4.4.1.3 Placoa quantity of moist soil in the moutd such that when compacted it oceupits a lite over one third of the height ofthe mould body. BS 1377 : Pana : 199 3.4.4.1.4 Apply 62 blows trom the rammer dropped from a height of 300 mm sbave the soil, Distribute the blows ‘oaifarmly over thé surtace end ensure that the rammer always fas freely end is not obstructed by sail in the guide lube. 344.48 Repsat34.4.1.3 and 3.4.4.1.4 twice more, 60 that the amount of soilis sufficient to fll he mould body. withthe surface not more than 6 mm proud of the upper odge of the mould body. NOTE. this necessary io conteo the total volume of soil compacted, Sie it hos baen found thatthe mount of soil such OM ahes Fameving thcextonsion ista0 great shetesttescks ila mascurie 3.4.4.1.8 Removethe extension, strike off the excess soil and leveloff the surface of he compacted soit earefully to thetop ‘of the mould using ihe straightedge, Any coarse particles removed in the leveling process shall be replaced by finer ‘material ‘eam the semaie, well pressed in, 3.4.4.1.7 Weigh ihe soitand mould with baseplate to 5 gm) 34.4.18 Remove the compacted soit from the mould and placeit onthe metaltray. Take 3 copresentative sample tthe soil for determination of its moisture content as describes in 32 0f 8S 1377 : Pan 2: 1980. 3.4.4.1.9 Break up the remainder of the 2oil, eubit through the 20 mm or the 37.8 mm teet sieve end mix with the Femainder of the prepared test samsale. 3.4.6.1.10 Add a suitable increment of water and mix thoroughly iato the soi. NOTE. The wateraddes or eacn stage ofthe test shouldbe such shay arangeo! moisturacontenisie obtained whichinchades te aptinon ‘moisture covtent In gensial ineramante of 1 % to 2 46 ste setatie for sendy ard gravely soils 3nd a2 te to %e for cohesive aol, Toinerease the accuracy ofthe est ts tren advisable fo reduce the Increments of water in ne region of the opsimurn msistuie Conan B.4.4.1.11 Repeot3.44.1.3 10 3.4.4.1,10 to give atotal of least five determinations. The moisture contents shall be Such that the optimum meisture content, at which the ‘maximum dry density occurs, ies near she middle of the range. 3.4.42 Compaction procedure for soil particles susceptible ocrushing 344.21 Weigh, measure and prepare the CBR mould as described in 36.8.1.1 and 3.4,4.1.2. 3.4.4.2.2 Carty oute compaction test on each of he prepared samplesin turn as described in 3.4.4.1.3. 10 3.4.4.1 3.4.62. Discard the remainder of each compacted sample 34.8 Calculations, piotting and expression of results. Proceed as described in 3.3.5. 34.6 Test recort. The test repon shatl comply with 3.3.6. 35 Method using 45 kg rammer for to medium-gravel size with particles up 35.1 General This test covers the determination al tne cry density of seil passing a 20 mm test sieve when itis compacted ina spectied manner aver a range of moisture contents. The range includes the optimum moisture contentBS 1377 : Part 4 : 1990 at which the maximum dry density for this degree of compaction is obtained. In this test the compactive effor is ‘greater than in that described in 3.3, the mass of the rammer being increased to 4.5 kg. the height offal to 450 mm, and ‘the number of compacted layers from three to five, The same 1 L compaction mould is used, . ‘The requirements of Part 1 of this standard, where ‘enpropriete, shall epaly to this test method. 38.2 Apparatus 35.2.1 Aoylindricat corrosion-resistant metal mould, ie.the 1 L compaction mould, as specified in 3.3.2.1. 3.5.2.2 A metal comms, having 250 + 0.5 mm diameter ular face, and weighing 4.5 kg + 50 g. The rammer shall {equipped with ¢ suitable arrangement for controling the height of drop to 260 + 4 mm. One suitable form of hand apparotus is shown in figure 5. NOTE.Amotorizestormot ve appsratusmay be used provided thet the essenti cimengions ofthe farmer end mould ate saneredte, snd provigeathat the density eehievediswnthin's2 se ofthe donety achieved by using ie hang rammver. The machine should be fuppored an e heavy sold base such asa concrete Rector ph 3.8.23 Other items, as specified in 3.3.2.3 :03.3.2.3. 2.5.3 Preparation of soll. Prepare the tast sample a3 described in 3.2.4.5, 3.2.4.2, 3.2.6.1 oF 3.2.6.2 as appropriste. 35.4 Procedure 35.4.1 Compaction procedure for soil panicles not susceptibie to crushing 3.8.4.1.1 Weigh the mould with baseplate anached to 1g tm). ‘Measure the internal dimonsions to 0.1 mm. 7541.2 Attach the extension to the mould and place the ul assembly on sod base, ¢.9. a concrete flost or plinth, 3.5.6.1. Places quartity of mois: soilin the mould such thet when compacted it occupies #fttle aver one-fifth of the height of the mould body. 3.5.4.1.4 Apply 27 blows from the remmer érapped from a height of 450 mm above the soit'as controlled by the guide tube. Distribute the blows uniformly over the surface and ensure that the rammer always falls freely and is Rot obstructed by soil in the guide tube. 35.618 Ropeat3.6.4.1.3 and 3.5.4.1.4 four moretimes, so thatthe amount of soil used is sufficient to fil the mould body, with the surface not more than 6 mm proud of the upper edge of the mould body. (See note 10 3.34.15} 3.5.6.1.6 Remove the extension, suike off the excoss soitand Jevel off the surface of thecompacted soll carefully te the top of the mould using the straightedge. Repiace any coarse particles, removed in the levelling process, by finer material from the sample, weil pressedin, 26.4.17 Weightne sil anc mould witn Seseplateto gm) 3.5.4.1.8 Remove the compscied soil from the mould and place it onthe targe metal way. Take a representative sample ‘ofthe soil for determinatian ofits moisture content as ascribed in 3.2 of BS 1377 : Part 2: 1590; 3,8.6.1.9 Break up the remainder of me soil, rubit through the 20 mm test sieve and mix with the remainder of the prepared test sample. 3.8.4.1,10 Adda suitable increment of watec {see note 103.3.4.1.10) and mix it thoroughly ina the seil 354.1.11 Repeat 35.4.1.5 10 9.5.4.1.10 1 give atotal of at Jeast five determinations. The moistire contents shall be such that the optimum moisture content. at whieh tne maximum dry density occurs, ies near :he midale of the age. 3.8.62 Compoction procedure for soil partctes susceptible tocrushing 3.8.4.2.1 Weigh, measure and prepari the mould 2s described in 35.4.1.4 and 3.6.4,1.2. 3.5.4.2.2 Carry out acompactiontest onesch al he prepared samples inturn as described in 25.4.1.3103.5.4.18, 35.4.2.9 Discard th remainder of each rompectes somple. 3.55 Calcutstions, plouing and expression of cesults Proceed as describes in 3.35, 3.5.6 Test report The test report shall comply with 3.3.6, 3.6 Method using 45 kg rammer for soils with some coarse ‘gravel-size particles 3.6.1 General This test covers the determination of the dey density of seil containing some coarse gravel when itis compacted in a specified manner over a range of moisture contents, The range includes the optimum maisture coment arwhich the maximum dry density for this degree of compaction is obtained. In zhis test the compactive effon is ‘greater than in that described in 3.4, the mass of the ramaer ‘being increased 10 4.5 kg, ne height of fall to 450 am, anc, the numberof compacted layers rom threeta five. The soitis compacted into a CBA mouls. ‘The testis suitable for soils containing no more than 30 % by _mass of material etained anche 20 mm.es: sieve, which may include some particles retainad on the 37.5 mm test sieve, [See note 10 3.4.1) The cequirements of Part 1 of this standece, where ppropriate, shall apply to this test method, 3.6.2 Apparatus 3.6.21 Acylindrical, corrosion-resistant metal mould, j.e.the CBR mould, as described in 7.2.2.2. 3.62.2 Ahandor motorized motat ramimer weighing 4.5 kg. as described in3 5.22, 36.2.3 Abatanceteadabie to 5.9 3.62.4 Alngescoop 36.25 Otneritams as specified in 3.3.2.61033.29,